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Evkaya Acar A, Karadağ Saygı E, İmamoğlu S, Öztürk G, Ünver O, Ergenekon P, Gökdemir Y, Özel G, Türkdoğan D. The Burden of Primary Caregivers of Spinal Muscular Atrophy Patients and Their Needs. Turk Arch Pediatr 2022; 56:366-373. [PMID: 35005732 PMCID: PMC8655964 DOI: 10.5152/turkarchpediatr.2021.20117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aim: This study aims to reveal the problems faced by families of children with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), by evaluating their care burden, needs, and expectations. Materials and Methods: The participants were the primary caregivers of 34 children between the ages of 0 and 18 years diagnosed with SMA. Thirteen children were diagnosed with type 1, 13 children with type 2 and 8 children with type 3 SMA. Data on the medical history, functional levels of the participants, and the characteristics of families were collected. The childrens’ parents completed the Family Needs Survey and the Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale. Results: According to the results of the Family Needs Survey, it was found that information was the most common requirement, and this was independent of the level of education. According to the Caregiver Burden Scale, it was recorded that 64.7% of the caregivers were under mild/moderate burden. While there was a moderate correlation (r = 0.574; P < .001) between the Caregiver Burden Scale and the Family Needs Survey, it was observed that the functional level of the child was not associated with family needs and caregiver burden. Conclusions: Our study suggests that the needs of families of SMA patients, especially related to income level, have changed. The caregivers’ burden is not directly related to the income level or the functional level of the child. Families’ need for information should also be prioritized within the rehabilitation program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayça Evkaya Acar
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Istanbul Medeniyet University School of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Evrim Karadağ Saygı
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sena İmamoğlu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gülten Öztürk
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Olcay Ünver
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pınar Ergenekon
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Gökdemir
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gülnur Özel
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilşad Türkdoğan
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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Allard E, Genest C, Legault A. Theoretical and philosophical assumptions behind the concept of anticipatory grief. Int J Palliat Nurs 2020; 26:56-63. [PMID: 32125913 DOI: 10.12968/ijpn.2020.26.2.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Anticipatory grief is a concept commonly used by researchers and clinicians when talking about the experience before the death of a loved one. This article offers a critical perspective on the disciplinary, theoretical and philosophical foundations of three distinct and frequently used conceptualisations of anticipatory grief: Lindemann's, Rando's and one derived from sociology. Lindemann's perspective conceived anticipatory grief as an inevitable component of the grieving experience in the situation of impending death. Rando's perspective views anticipatory grief as a multidimensional experience that facilitates post-mortem mourning. The third perspective, offered by sociologists, defines anticipatory grief as an experience highly influenced by the social context of the individual. This review explains how these different perspectives influence research and concludes with a reflection for potential future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Allard
- Assistant professor, Faculty of Nursing, Université de Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christine Genest
- Assistant professor, Faculty of Nursing, Université de Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alain Legault
- Adjunct professor, Faculty of Nursing, Université de Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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O'Connell A, Petty J. Preparing young people with complex needs and their families for transition to adult services. Nurs Child Young People 2020; 31:25-31. [PMID: 31468877 DOI: 10.7748/ncyp.2018.e1123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Improving survival rates for children and young people with complex health needs requires a robust system for transition to adult services. Effective planning is essential to ensure a smooth transition process that is in the best interests of the young person and their family. This article discusses the needs and requirements for planned and purposeful transition processes to support young people with complex healthcare needs and their families. It considers the preparation of adult services, the team, the young person and their parents in line with an integrated approach and the nurse's role. Recommendations for practice include the necessity for an integrated approach to ensure optimum outcomes and ascertaining the potential value of a nurse-led service in delivering the transition process. A carefully tailored planning strategy should be developed to prepare and support young people with complex health needs through transition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia Petty
- Children's nursing, School of Health and Social Work, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, England
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Wells M, Kartoz CR. Anticipatory loss in noncaregiving adult children: A hybrid concept analysis. Nurs Forum 2019; 54:16-22. [PMID: 30132909 DOI: 10.1111/nuf.12292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this article is to describe the concept of anticipatory loss in adult children for independent aging parents. BACKGROUND The existing literature, with numerous definitions of anticipatory loss, is disease and event specific. The literature on anticipation of the normative losses experienced by adult children is sparse. DESIGN The Schwartz-Barcott and Kim hybrid concept analysis was used to examine anticipatory loss in adult noncaregiving children. This three-step approach, involving literature review, fieldwork, and final analysis, has been used successfully to compare, revise, and expand a number of existing definitions. DATA SOURCE Empirical and conceptual literature as well as qualitative fieldwork. RESULTS Defining attributes of anticipatory loss in healthy aging families are worry, sadness, and gratitude. Worry about future loss is tempered by gratitude for current parental good health. Anticipatory loss acts as an impetus for adult children to connect with parents and siblings. A conceptual definition of anticipatory loss is proposed based on the findings. CONCLUSIONS Anticipating the loss of a healthy aging parent is different from existing conceptualizations of anticipatory loss and related concepts. Future research is needed to validate this concept and explore connections with health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munira Wells
- Undergraduate Nursing Department, College of Nursing, Seton Hall University, South Orange, New Jersey
| | - Connie R Kartoz
- Department of Nursing, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey
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Weissheimer G, Mazza VDA, de Lima VF, Mantovani MDF, Freire MHDS, Guimarães PRB. Relationship of family management with sociodemographic aspects and children's physical dependence in neurological disorders. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem 2018; 26:e3076. [PMID: 30462788 PMCID: PMC6248770 DOI: 10.1590/1518-8345.2494.3076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship of family management with sociodemographic and physical dependence aspects of children and adolescents with neurological impairment. METHOD Descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted at a child neurology center. A non-probabilistic sample was obtained from 141 family members who answered two instruments: a) Sociodemographic condition of families; b) Family Management Measure. In the statistical analysis, we used the Spearman Coefficient and the Mann Whitney Test. RESULTS the longer the specialized care time, the lower the identity score (rs = - 0.209, p = 0.01); the higher the effort score (rs = 0.181, p = 0.03), the family difficulty score (rs = 0.239, p = 0.001) and the impact of the disease on family life (rs = 0.213, p = 0.01). The families of children and adolescents with physical dependence for activities of daily living presented a higher score in the following dimensions: management effort (<0.001), family difficulty (p = 0.004) and perception of disease impact (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION There was evidence of a correlation between management with sociodemographic and child dependence aspects, with an association between management difficulty and longer time of child and adolescent care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele Weissheimer
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Enfermagem,
Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Parental coping in the context of having a child who is facing death: A theoretical framework. Palliat Support Care 2017; 16:432-441. [DOI: 10.1017/s1478951517000463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTObjective:While improvements in healthcare have resulted in children with complex and life-threatening conditions living longer, a proportion of them still die. The death of a child puts parents at increased risk for anxiety, depression, and complicated grief. Increasing our understanding of the coping strategies that parents use under such extreme circumstances will enable us to best provide support to families, before and after a child's death. Our aim herein was to develop a theoretical framework of parental coping.Method:Evidence from the literature was employed to develop a theoretical framework to describe parental coping in the context of having a child with a life-limiting illness who is declining and facing eventual death.Results:The reasoning and argument consists of three guiding elements: (1) the importance of approach as well as avoidance (as coping strategies) in the context of managing the extreme emotions; (2) the importance of the social aspect of coping within a family, whereby parents cope for others as well as for themselves; and (3) the importance of a flexible and balanced coping profile, with parents using different coping strategies simultaneously. Central to the proposed framework is that effective coping, in terms of adjustment, is achieved by balancing coping strategies: accessing different coping strategies simultaneously or in parallel with a specific focus on (1) approach and avoidance and (2) coping aimed at self and others.Significance of results:Understanding of parental coping strategies is essential for health professionals in order to support parents effectively.
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Hudson BF, Oostendorp LJM, Candy B, Vickerstaff V, Jones L, Lakhanpaul M, Bluebond-Langner M, Stone P. The under reporting of recruitment strategies in research with children with life-threatening illnesses: A systematic review. Palliat Med 2017; 31:419-436. [PMID: 27609607 PMCID: PMC5405809 DOI: 10.1177/0269216316663856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Researchers report difficulties in conducting research with children and young people with life-limiting conditions or life-threatening illnesses and their families. Recruitment is challenged by barriers including ethical, logistical and clinical considerations. AIM To explore how children and young people (aged 0-25 years) with life-limiting conditions or life-threatening illnesses and their families were identified, invited and consented to research published in the last 5 years. DESIGN Systematic review. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Sciences Citation Index and SCOPUS were searched for original English language research published between 2009 and 2014, recruiting children and young people with life-limiting conditions or life-threatening illness and their families. RESULTS A total of 215 studies - 152 qualitative, 54 quantitative and 9 mixed methods - were included. Limited recruitment information but a range of strategies and difficulties were provided. The proportion of eligible participants from those screened could not be calculated in 80% of studies. Recruitment rates could not be calculated in 77%. A total of 31% of studies recruited less than 50% of eligible participants. Reasons given for non-invitation included missing clinical or contact data, or clinician judgements of participant unsuitability. Reasons for non-participation included lack of interest and participants' perceptions of potential burdens. CONCLUSION All stages of recruitment were under reported. Transparency in reporting of participant identification, invitation and consent is needed to enable researchers to understand research implications, bias risk and to whom results apply. Research is needed to explore why consenting participants decide to take part or not and their experiences of research recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briony F Hudson
- Louis Dundas Centre for Children’s Palliative Care, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Marie Curie Palliative Care Research Department, UCL Division of Psychiatry, London, UK
| | - Linda JM Oostendorp
- Louis Dundas Centre for Children’s Palliative Care, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Bridget Candy
- Marie Curie Palliative Care Research Department, UCL Division of Psychiatry, London, UK
| | - Victoria Vickerstaff
- Marie Curie Palliative Care Research Department, UCL Division of Psychiatry, London, UK
| | - Louise Jones
- Marie Curie Palliative Care Research Department, UCL Division of Psychiatry, London, UK
| | - Monica Lakhanpaul
- Population, Policy and Practice Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Myra Bluebond-Langner
- Louis Dundas Centre for Children’s Palliative Care, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Paddy Stone
- Marie Curie Palliative Care Research Department, UCL Division of Psychiatry, London, UK
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Al-Gamal E, Long T. Health-related quality of life and its association with self-esteem and fatigue among children diagnosed with cancer. J Clin Nurs 2016; 25:3391-3399. [DOI: 10.1111/jocn.13467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ekhlas Al-Gamal
- Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing; Faculty of Nursing; The University of Jordan; Amman Jordan
- Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing; College of Nursing; Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs; King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences; Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Tony Long
- Child and Family Health; School of Nursing, Midwifery & Social Work; University of Salford; Salford UK
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Ward C, Glass N, Ford R. Care in the home for seriously ill children with complex needs: A narrative literature review. J Child Health Care 2015; 19:524-31. [PMID: 24982427 DOI: 10.1177/1367493514538327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews contemporary literature on home care of the seriously ill child with complex care needs and the sick child/parent dyad. The literature search revealed three major themes, namely the increasing acuity of child illness, the evolving role of the parent as care provider, and the health professional as care provider. While there is much known about the complexity of care of children and the role of family in that care, little is known about what families require in terms of support and sustenance during the long years of care provision.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nel Glass
- Australian Catholic University, Australia
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Burke LA, Clark KA, Ali KS, Gibson BW, Smigelsky MA, Neimeyer RA. Risk Factors for Anticipatory Grief in Family Members of Terminally Ill Veterans Receiving Palliative Care Services. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL WORK IN END-OF-LIFE & PALLIATIVE CARE 2015; 11:244-266. [PMID: 26654060 DOI: 10.1080/15524256.2015.1110071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Anticipatory grief is the process associated with grieving the loss of loved ones in advance of their inevitable death. Because anticipatory grief has been associated with a variety of outcomes, risk factors for this condition deserve closer consideration. Fifty-seven family members of terminally ill, hospice-eligible veterans receiving palliative care services completed measures assessing psychosocial factors and conditions. Elevated anticipatory grief was found in families characterized by relational dependency, lower education, and poor grief-specific support, who also experienced discomfort with closeness and intimacy, neuroticism, spiritual crisis, and an inability to make sense of the loss. Thus, in this sample, anticipatory grief appears to be part of a cluster of factors and associated distress that call for early monitoring and possible intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie A Burke
- a Memphis Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Department of Psychology , University of Memphis , Memphis , Tennessee , USA
| | - Karen A Clark
- b Memphis Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Memphis , Tennessee , USA
| | - Khatidja S Ali
- b Memphis Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Memphis , Tennessee , USA
| | - Benjamin W Gibson
- c Department of Psychology , University of Memphis , Memphis , Tennessee , USA
| | - Melissa A Smigelsky
- a Memphis Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Department of Psychology , University of Memphis , Memphis , Tennessee , USA
| | - Robert A Neimeyer
- c Department of Psychology , University of Memphis , Memphis , Tennessee , USA
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