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Olson M, Toffoli S, Vander Wyst KB, Zhou F, Reifsnider E, Petrov ME, Whisner CM. Associations of Infant Feeding, Sleep, and Weight Gain with the Toddler Gut Microbiome. Microorganisms 2024; 12:549. [PMID: 38543600 PMCID: PMC10972346 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12030549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
This study examines how feeding, sleep, and growth during infancy impact the gut microbiome (GM) in toddlers. The research was conducted on toddlers (n = 36), born to Latina women of low-income with obesity. Their mothers completed retrospective feeding and sleeping questionnaires at 1, 6, and 12 months; at 36 months, fecal samples were collected. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene (V4 region) revealed that breastfeeding for at least 1 month and the introduction of solids before 6 months differentiated the GM in toddlerhood (Bray-Curtis, pseudo-F = 1.805, p = 0.018, and pseudo-F = 1.651, p = 0.044, respectively). Sleep had an effect across time; at 1 and 6 months of age, a lower proportion of nighttime sleep (relative to 24 h total sleep) was associated with a richer GM at three years of age (Shannon H = 4.395, p = 0.036 and OTU H = 5.559, p = 0.018, respectively). Toddlers experiencing rapid weight gain from birth to 6 months had lower phylogenetic diversity (Faith PD H = 3.633, p = 0.057). These findings suggest that early life nutrition, sleeping patterns, and growth rate in infancy may influence the GM composition. Further verification of these results with objective sleep data and a larger sample is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Olson
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA; (M.O.); (S.T.); (K.B.V.W.); (F.Z.)
- Center for Health Through Microbiomes, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Samantha Toffoli
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA; (M.O.); (S.T.); (K.B.V.W.); (F.Z.)
| | - Kiley B. Vander Wyst
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA; (M.O.); (S.T.); (K.B.V.W.); (F.Z.)
| | - Fang Zhou
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA; (M.O.); (S.T.); (K.B.V.W.); (F.Z.)
| | - Elizabeth Reifsnider
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA; (E.R.); (M.E.P.)
| | - Megan E. Petrov
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA; (E.R.); (M.E.P.)
| | - Corrie M. Whisner
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA; (M.O.); (S.T.); (K.B.V.W.); (F.Z.)
- Center for Health Through Microbiomes, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
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Lewis P, Wild U, Pillow JJ, Foster RG, Erren TC. A systematic review of chronobiology for neonatal care units: What we know and what we should consider. Sleep Med Rev 2024; 73:101872. [PMID: 38000120 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2023.101872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
A Cochrane 2016 review indicated cycled light might benefit neonatal health in hospital. We systematically reviewed chronobiological factors for neonatal health in hospital units, identifying 56 relevant studies on light-dark cycles, feeding, noise, massage therapy, rooming-in, incubators vs. cribs, neonatal units vs. homes, and time-of-day of birth. Empirical evidence for benefits from chronobiology is weaker than expected, including light. Mechanisms of clinical benefits are unclear (e.g., changes to sleep/activity vs. other circadian-regulated processes). Regarding light, studies concerning sleep and circadian-related outcomes predominate; yet, neonatologists may be more interested in weight gain and time spent in hospital. Generalisability of findings is limited as most studies targeted neonates in stable condition and without congenital anomalies. Further research is needed, in particular concerning potential circadian entraining signals such as timing of meals or medications. Longer-term outcomes (regarding e.g., neurodevelopment and infection), and who may be at risk from time-of-day of birth effects and why remain to be explored. Overall, there is promise and ample scope for research into how chronobiological factors affect health in hospitalised neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Lewis
- Institute and Policlinic for Occupational Medicine, Environmental Medicine and Prevention Research, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Ursula Wild
- Institute and Policlinic for Occupational Medicine, Environmental Medicine and Prevention Research, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - J Jane Pillow
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia and Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Russell G Foster
- Sir Jules Thorn Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Thomas C Erren
- Institute and Policlinic for Occupational Medicine, Environmental Medicine and Prevention Research, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Booker LA, Wilson D, Spong J, Fitzgibbon C, Deacon-Crouch M, Lenz KE, Skinner TC. Maternal Circadian Disruption from Shift Work and the Impact on the Concentration of Melatonin in Breast Milk. Breastfeed Med 2024; 19:33-39. [PMID: 38150529 DOI: 10.1089/bfm.2023.0252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objective: Melatonin in breast milk exhibits a 24-hour circadian rhythm, present in nighttime breast milk but nearly undetectable in daytime breast milk. Shift work can disrupt the circadian timing of individuals, evident in changes in melatonin in saliva and urine samples. However, it is unknown whether these changes are also reflected in breast milk from a shift working mother. The aim of this study was to investigate whether maternal circadian rhythm disturbance from shift work impacts the melatonin concentration in breast milk. Materials and Methods: Breast milk and saliva samples were collected from 11 shift working mothers at four timepoints across five consecutive days. This included during their day shift or nonworkdays to act as a control, night shift, subsequent night shifts and postnight shift. Where possible, pre- and postfeed collections were also undertaken. Samples were grouped into four-time intervals: 12-6:30 am, 7-11:30 am, 12-6:30 pm, 7-11:30 pm, and melatonin levels (picogram per milliliter) in the breast milk and saliva samples were analyzed. Results: There was a significant decrease in breast milk melatonin (p = 0.026) at the 12-6:30 am time interval on subsequent night shifts, compared with control days. However, there was no overall time and shift type interaction effect (p = 0.70). In addition, no observed difference in melatonin levels was found in saliva samples, or when comparing pre- and postfeed breast milk. Breast milk melatonin however was found to be significantly higher compared with saliva (p > 0.001), at all but one time interval. Conclusion: The findings suggest that there is a potential effect of maternal circadian rhythm disruption from shift work on breast milk melatonin levels. This is an important step in exploring the role of maternal circadian timing and the effect on breast milk composition. Expansion of this research and exploration of other circadian rhythm misalignment sleep disorders on breast milk is highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Booker
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Australia
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Danielle Wilson
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Australia
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Jo Spong
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Rural Health Sciences, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Australia
| | - Cheree Fitzgibbon
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Australia
| | - Melissa Deacon-Crouch
- Department of Rural Health Sciences, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Australia
| | - Katrin E Lenz
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Australia
| | - Timothy C Skinner
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Australia
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Cai Z, Yang Y, Zhang J, Liu Y. The relationship between daytime napping and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12124. [PMID: 37495671 PMCID: PMC10372090 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37883-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Daytime napping, a habit widely adopted globally, has an unclear association with obesity. In this study, we executed a meta-analysis to explore the relationship between daytime napping and obesity. We conducted a comprehensive search of the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases for pertinent articles published up to April 2023. Random-effects models were utilized to calculate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and we assessed the heterogeneity of the included studies using the I2 statistic. To explore potential sources of heterogeneity, subgroup analyses were performed. The methodological quality of the studies was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS), and funnel plots were employed to detect any publication bias. Sensitivity analyses were conducted by sequentially omitting each study. We conducted a meta-analysis of twelve studies that included one each from the UK and Spain, five from the USA, and five from China, totalling 170,134 participants, to probe the association between napping and obesity. The pooled analysis suggested a higher risk of obesity in individuals who nap (OR: 1.22 [1.10-1.35], p < 0.001, I2 = 87%) compared to non-nappers. The meta-analysis results revealed variations in the summary ORs for studies conducted in China, Spain, the USA, and the UK. The ORs for China, Spain, the USA, and the UK were 1.05 (95% CI 0.90-1.23), 9.36 (95% CI 4.74-18.45), 1.27 (95% CI 1.10-1.47), and 1.39 (95% CI 1.32-1.47), respectively. A subgroup analysis based on age within the American population disclosed that napping in both adults and children heightened obesity incidence. A subgroup analysis based on nap duration found a significant rise in obesity occurrence when nap duration exceeded one hour, but no clear relationship emerged when nap duration was less than 1 h. In a subgroup analysis based on the definition of obesity, napping did not demonstrate a significant relationship with obesity when diagnostic criteria set obesity at a BMI of 25 or above. However, when the criteria were set at a BMI of 28 or 30 or more, napping significantly increased obesity risk. Our meta-analysis indicates a positive association between daytime napping and the risk of obesity. However, given the limited number of included studies, potential confounding factors might not have been fully addressed. Future well-designed prospective studies are required to further investigate this relationship. Large-scale studies are necessary to confirm our findings and elucidate the underlying mechanisms that drive these associations and causation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Cai
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Yang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yu Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China.
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Fangupo L, Daniels L, Taylor R, Glover M, Taungapeau F, Sa'u S, Cutfield W, Taylor B. The care of infants with rapid weight gain: Should we be doing more? J Paediatr Child Health 2022; 58:2143-2149. [PMID: 36259748 PMCID: PMC10092129 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.16247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Rapid weight gain (RWG) during infancy is a known risk factor for later childhood obesity. It can be measured using a range of definitions across various time periods in the first 2 years of life. In recent years, some early childhood obesity prevention trials have included a focus on preventing RWG during infancy, with modest success. Overall, RWG during infancy remains common, yet little work has examined whether infants with this growth pattern should receive additional care when it is identified in health-care settings. In this viewpoint, we contend that RWG during infancy should be routinely screened for in health-care settings, and when identified, viewed as an opportunity for health-care professionals to instigate non-stigmatising discussions with families about RWG and general healthy practices for their infants. If families wish to engage, we suggest that six topics from early life obesity prevention studies (breastfeeding, formula feeding, complementary feeding, sleep, responsive parenting, and education around growth charts and monitoring) could form the foundations of conversations to help them establish and maintain healthy habits to support their infant's health and well-being and potentially lower the risk of later obesity. However, further work is needed to develop definitive guidelines in this area, and to address other gaps in the literature, such as the current lack of a standardised definition for RWG during infancy and a clear understanding of the time points over which it should be measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Fangupo
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Lisa Daniels
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Rachael Taylor
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,A Better Start National Science Challenge, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Marewa Glover
- Papaharakeke International Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Wayne Cutfield
- A Better Start National Science Challenge, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,The Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Barry Taylor
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,A Better Start National Science Challenge, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Loo BKG, Okely A, Taylor R, Novotny R, Wickramasinghe P, Müller-Riemenschneider F, Waqa G, Pulungan A, Kusuda S, Tan KH. Asia-Pacific consensus statement on integrated 24-hour activity guidelines for the early years. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. WESTERN PACIFIC 2022; 32:100641. [PMID: 36785856 PMCID: PMC9918766 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2022.100641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Early childhood is a vital period for development and growth. Promoting beneficial lifestyle behaviours in early childhood can help optimise children's health, development and learning, shape their behaviours in adulthood and offer the best protection against future non-communicable diseases (NCDs). In the Asia-Pacific region, NCDs are significant causes of healthcare burden and mortality. Furthermore, there is also a high prevalence of adverse metabolic risk factors and unhealthy lifestyle behaviours among these children. Method Representatives from 19 Asia-Pacific nations and/or jurisdictions developed a consensus statement on integrated 24-hour activity guidelines for the early years using the GRADE-ADOLOPMENT framework. Findings These guidelines apply to all infants, toddlers and pre-schoolers below 5 years of age. The guidelines aim to provide a holistic and practical approach to lifestyle activities by framing physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep within a 24-hour period. Dietary patterns were included as they play an integral role in metabolic health and energy balance. Interpretation Aligned with the World Health Organization's Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of NCDs through health promotion interventions in early life, through cultivating healthy lifestyle behaviours in the children's early years, we aim to provide children with the best start in life and reduce the burden of future NCDs in the Asia-Pacific region. Funding Funded by Integrated platform for research in advancing metabolic health outcomes of women and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benny Kai Guo Loo
- Sport and Exercise Medicine Service, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore,Corresponding author. Department of Paediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore, 229899, Singapore.
| | - Anthony Okely
- School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rachael Taylor
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand
| | - Rachel Novotny
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | | | | | - Gade Waqa
- School of Public Health and Primary Care, Fiji National University, Suva, Fiji
| | - Aman Pulungan
- Endocrinology Division, Child Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia – Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Satoshi Kusuda
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyorin University, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kok Hian Tan
- Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore
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7
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Grigg-Damberger M. Increased risk for excessive weight gain in infants who sleep less than 12 hours per 24 hours. J Clin Sleep Med 2021; 17:2141-2143. [PMID: 34666880 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.9662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Petrov ME, Jiao N, Panchanathan SS, Reifsnider E, Coonrod DV, Liu L, Krajmalnik-Brown R, Gu H, Davidson LA, Chapkin RS, Whisner CM. Protocol of the Snuggle Bug/Acurrucadito Study: a longitudinal study investigating the influences of sleep-wake patterns and gut microbiome development in infancy on rapid weight gain, an early risk factor for obesity. BMC Pediatr 2021; 21:374. [PMID: 34465311 PMCID: PMC8405858 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-021-02832-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overweight, obesity, and associated comorbidities are a pressing global issue among children of all ages, particularly among low-income populations. Rapid weight gain (RWG) in the first 6 months of infancy contributes to childhood obesity. Suboptimal sleep-wake patterns and gut microbiota (GM) have also been associated with childhood obesity, but little is known about their influences on early infant RWG. Sleep may alter the GM and infant metabolism, and ultimately impact obesity; however, data on the interaction between sleep-wake patterns and GM development on infant growth are scarce. In this study, we aim to investigate associations of infant sleep-wake patterns and GM development with RWG at 6 months and weight gain at 12 months. We also aim to evaluate whether temporal interactions exist between infant sleep-wake patterns and GM, and if these relations influence RWG. METHODS The Snuggle Bug/ Acurrucadito study is an observational, longitudinal study investigating whether 24-h, actigraphy-assessed, sleep-wake patterns and GM development are associated with RWG among infants in their first year. Based on the Ecological Model of Growth, we propose a novel conceptual framework to incorporate sleep-wake patterns and the GM as metabolic contributors for RWG in the context of maternal-infant interactions, and familial and socio-physical environments. In total, 192 mother-infant pairs will be recruited, and sleep-wake patterns and GM development assessed at 3 and 8 weeks, and 3, 6, 9, and 12 months postpartum. Covariates including maternal and child characteristics, family and environmental factors, feeding practices and dietary intake of infants and mothers, and stool-derived metabolome and exfoliome data will be assessed. The study will apply machine learning techniques combined with logistic time-varying effect models to capture infant growth and aid in elucidating the dynamic associations between study variables and RWG. DISCUSSION Repeated, valid, and objective assessment at clinically and developmentally meaningful intervals will provide robust measures of longitudinal sleep, GM, and growth. Project findings will provide evidence for future interventions to prevent RWG in infancy and subsequent obesity. The work also may spur the development of evidence-based guidelines to address modifiable factors that influence sleep-wake and GM development and prevent childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Petrov
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, 550 N. 3rd Street, Suite 301, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Nana Jiao
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, 550 N. 3rd Street, Suite 301, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Sarada S Panchanathan
- Valleywise Comprehensive Health Center - Phoenix (Pediatric Clinic), 2525 E. Roosevelt St., Phoenix, AZ, 85008, USA
- College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, 85007, USA
| | - Elizabeth Reifsnider
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, 550 N. 3rd Street, Suite 301, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Dean V Coonrod
- Valleywise Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2525 E. Roosevelt St., Phoenix, AZ, 85008, USA
| | - Li Liu
- Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Ave BDA230B, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Rosa Krajmalnik-Brown
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Ave, PO Box 875701, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Haiwei Gu
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 550 N. 3rd. Street, Suite 501, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Laurie A Davidson
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, 2253 TAMU, 112 Cater-Mattil, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Robert S Chapkin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, 2253 TAMU, 112 Cater-Mattil, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Corrie M Whisner
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 550 N. 3rd. Street, Suite 501, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA.
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