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Knewitz DK, Castillo-Larios R, Evans LA, Cornejo J, Fullerton SM, Rao SN, Chadha RN, Elli EF. Impact of Body Mass Index ≥35 kg/m 2 on Minimally Invasive Adrenalectomy. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2024; 34:359-364. [PMID: 38301125 DOI: 10.1089/lap.2023.0479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Obesity is associated with numerous chronic conditions and an increased risk for surgical complications. Laparoscopic and robotic adrenalectomy have proven effective in the resection of adrenal tumors. This study analyzes the outcomes of severely obese patients (body-mass index [BMI] ≥35 kg/m2) following minimally invasive adrenalectomy. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of patients who underwent minimally invasive adrenalectomy at our institution between 2010 and 2023 was conducted. Two matching analyses were performed. The first analysis compared patients with BMI greater versus lower than 35 kg/m2. The second analysis compared outcomes between robotic and laparoscopic adrenalectomy in patients with a BMI ≥35 kg/m2. Results: A total of 278 patients were included in the study. The median tumor size was 29 mm. Adrenal tumors had similar laterality, and most were hormonally active (66.2%). The most common pathological diagnosis was pheochromocytoma (25.5%). No statistical difference was found in peri- and postoperative outcomes between patients with BMI ≥35 and <35 kg/m2 who underwent minimally invasive adrenalectomy. When the surgical approach was compared in severely obese patients, robotic adrenalectomy was associated with shorter hospital length of stay with similar operative time as the laparoscopic approach. Conclusions: Minimally invasive adrenalectomy is safe and feasible in patients with BMI ≥35 kg/m2. Robotic and laparoscopic approaches are both safe and efficient for the resection of adrenal tumors in severely obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lorna A Evans
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Jorge Cornejo
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Shalyn M Fullerton
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sarika N Rao
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, and Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Ryan N Chadha
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Enrique F Elli
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
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2
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Hayashida M, Sakaguchi K, Yasuoka S, Tanaka M, Oshina T, Oka S, Tatsushima K, Takeshita A, Takeuchi Y, Urakami S. Perirenal fat thickness is a powerful predictor for surgical outcomes of transperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy. Int J Urol 2024; 31:56-63. [PMID: 37750454 DOI: 10.1111/iju.15307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Laparoscopic adrenalectomy has been the gold standard surgical procedure. However, the adaptation criteria for malignant tumors and predictors of perioperative outcomes are not well defined. Therefore, this study tried to identify valid predictors for perioperative outcomes of laparoscopic adrenalectomy and consider the adaptation criteria. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the preoperative and perioperative data of 216 patients who underwent transperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy in our hospital. Preoperative factors associated with perioperative outcomes were analyzed using multiple regression analysis. RESULTS Among 216 patients, 165 (76.4%), 26 (12.0%), and 25 (11.6%) were suspected of having benign tumors, pheochromocytoma, and malignant tumors, respectively. Median tumor size was 25.0 mm (interquartile range 18.0-35.0); median perirenal fat thickness was 9.2 mm (interquartile range 4.9-15.6) on preoperative computed tomography scans. The median operative time was 145.5 min (interquartile range 117.5-184.0) and the median estimated blood loss was 0.0 mL (interquartile range 0.0-27.3). Perirenal fat thickness (p < 0.001), tumor size (p < 0.001), and malignant tumors (p = 0.020) were associated with operative time, and perirenal fat thickness (p = 0.038) and malignant tumors (p = 0.002) were associated with estimated blood loss. CONCLUSIONS Perirenal fat thickness, tumor size, and malignant tumors are valid predictors of the surgical outcomes of transperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy. As only perirenal fat thickness is associated with both surgical outcomes except for malignant tumors, it is a powerful predictor. Transperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy for large malignant adrenal tumors with thick perirenal fat should be performed with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Makoto Tanaka
- Department of Urology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Suguru Oka
- Department of Urology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keita Tatsushima
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Takeshita
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Takeuchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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3
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Mínguez Ojeda C, Gómez Dos Santos V, Lorca JÁ, Ruz-Caracuel I, Pian H, Sanjuanbenito Dehesa A, Burgos Revilla FJ, Araujo-Castro M. Influence of obesity and overweight in surgical outcomes of adrenalectomy for primary adrenal disease: A cohort study of 146 cases. ENDOCRINOL DIAB NUTR 2023; 70:564-571. [PMID: 37996201 DOI: 10.1016/j.endien.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of obesity and overweight on surgical outcomes in a large cohort of patients who underwent adrenalectomy due to benign or malignant primary adrenal disease. METHODS A retrospective single-center study of patients without history of active extraadrenal malignancy, with adrenal tumors operated on consecutively in our center between January 2010 and December 2022. Obesity was defined as a body mass index (BMI)≥30kg/m2 and overweight as BMI between 25.0 and 30.0kg/m2. RESULTS Of 146 patients with adrenal tumors who underwent adrenalectomy, 9.6% (n=14) were obese, 54.8% (n=80) overweight and 35.6% (n=52) normal weight. Obese patients had higher diastolic blood pressure (87.6±12.22 vs. 79.3±10.23mmHg, P=0.010) and a higher prevalence of dyslipidemia (57.1% vs. 25.8%, P=0.014) and bilateral tumors (14.3% vs. 3.1%, P=0.044) than non-obese patients. The rates of intraoperative and of postsurgical complications were similar between obese/overweight patients and patients with normal weight. However, a significantly higher rate of postsurgical complications (27.3% vs. 5.7%, P=0.009) and a longer hospital stay (5.4±1.39 vs. 3.5±1.78 days, P=0.007) were observed in patients with obesity than in non-obese patients. In the multivariant analysis, obesity, age, ASA>2 and tumor size were independent risk factors for postoperative complications, with obesity being the most important factor (OR 23.34 [2.23-244.24]). CONCLUSION Obesity and overweight are common conditions in patients who undergo adrenalectomy. Adrenalectomy is considered a safe procedure in patients with overweight, but it is associated with a higher risk of postsurgical complications and longer hospital stay in obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Mínguez Ojeda
- Urology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Javier Álvaro Lorca
- Urology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Ruz-Caracuel
- Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Héctor Pian
- Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Marta Araujo-Castro
- Endocrinology & Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain; Medicine Department, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain.
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4
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Isiktas G, Avci SN, Erten O, Ergun O, Krishnamurthy V, Shin J, Siperstein A, Berber E. Laparoscopic versus robotic adrenalectomy in severely obese patients. Surg Endosc 2023; 37:1107-1113. [PMID: 36123544 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-022-09594-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the last 20 years, the prevalence of severe obesity (body mass index ≥ 35 kg/m2) has almost doubled. This condition increases the challenge of laparoscopic adrenalectomy (LA) by creating problems with instrument reach, adequate exposure, and visualization. The aim was to compare perioperative outcomes of laparoscopic versus robotic adrenalectomy (RA) in severely obese patients. METHODS This was an institutional review board-approved retrospective study. Prospectively collected clinical parameters of patients who underwent LA versus RA between 2000 and 2021 at a single center were compared using Mann-Whitney U, ANOVA, Chi-square, and multivariate regression analysis. Continuous data are expressed as median (interquartile range). RESULTS For lateral transabdominal (LT) adrenalectomies, skin-to-skin operative time (OT) [164.5 (71.0) vs 198.8 (117.0) minutes, p = 0.006] and estimated blood loss [26.2 (15.0) vs 72.6 (50.0) ml, p = 0.010] were less in RA versus LA group, respectively. Positive margin rate, hospital stay and 90-day morbidity were similar between the groups (p = NS). For posterior retroperitoneal (PR) approach, operative time and perioperative outcomes were similar between LA and RA groups. Multivariate analysis demonstrated robotic versus laparoscopic technique (p = 0.006) to be an independent predictor of a shorter OT. CONCLUSION There was a benefit of robotic over the laparoscopic LT adrenalectomy regarding OT and estimated blood loss. Although limited by the small sample size, there was no difference regarding perioperative outcomes between RA and LA performed through a PR approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Isiktas
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave/F20, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Seyma Nazli Avci
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave/F20, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Ozgun Erten
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave/F20, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Onuralp Ergun
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave/F20, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Vikram Krishnamurthy
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave/F20, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Joyce Shin
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave/F20, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Allan Siperstein
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave/F20, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Eren Berber
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave/F20, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA. .,Department of General Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave/F20, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
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Dogrul AB, Cennet O, Dincer AH. Minimally invasive techniques in benign and malignant adrenal tumors. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:12812-12821. [PMID: 36569018 PMCID: PMC9782958 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i35.12812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Minimally invasive adrenalectomy has become the main treatment modality for most adrenal lesions. Both laparoscopic transabdominal and retroperitoneoscopic approaches are safe and feasible options, each with respective advantages, including better surgical outcomes, fewer complications, and faster recovery over open adrenalectomy. While open surgery remains a valid modality in treatment of adrenocortical cancer in the presence of some findings such as invasion, robotic platforms, and minimally invasive surgery have gained popularity as technology continues to evolve. Organ preservation during adrenalectomy is feasible in some conditions to prevent adrenal insufficiency. Ablative technologies are increasingly utilized in benign and malignant tumors, including the adrenal gland, with various outcomes. A multidisciplinary team, an experienced surgeon, and a high-volume center are recommended for any surgical approaches and management of adrenal lesions. This review article evaluated recent findings and current evidence on minimally invasive adrenalectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Bulent Dogrul
- Department of General Surgery, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Omer Cennet
- Department of General Surgery, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Anıl Hilmi Dincer
- Department of General Surgery, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey
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Kira S, Sawada N, Nakagomi H, Ihara T, Furuya R, Takeda M, Mitsui T. Mayo Adhesive Probability Score Is Associated with the Operative Time in Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2021; 32:595-599. [PMID: 34491848 DOI: 10.1089/lap.2021.0459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Laparoscopic adrenalectomy (LA) is the standard treatment for adrenal benign tumors, including primary aldosteronism (PA) or Cushing's syndrome (CS). Several obesity-related factors were associated with prolonged total operative time (OT), but perinephric fat characteristics were not assessed. We investigated whether the Mayo adhesive probability (MAP) score, which evaluates perinephric fat characteristics, was associated with OT for LA. Methods: This single-center, retrospective cohort study examined 141 consecutive patients who underwent LA for PA or CS. We reviewed patients' characteristics and OT. MAP scores were recorded using preoperative imaging. The correlation among characteristics data, MAP score, and OT was evaluated. Results: Overall, we assessed 82 women and 59 men. Adrenal tumors were found in 80 PA and 61 CS patients. There were 74 left-sided and 67 right-sided tumors. For all patients, the median age, body mass index, and tumor size were 56 years (interquartile range [IQR] 46-65), 24.1 kg/m2 (IQR 21.7-26.8), and 19 mm (IQR 13-26), respectively. A total of 91 patients had MAP scores of 0, and 50 had MAP >0. The median OT was 183.5 minutes (IQR: 156-224 minutes) in the MAP >0 group and 162 minutes (IQR: 135-194 minutes) in the MAP = 0 group. In single variable analysis (unadjusted), MAP scores >0 and left-sided tumors were correlated with longer OT. Multivariable regression analysis revealed that this correlation was only significant for MAP scores >0. Conclusions: MAP score may be useful in preoperative planning for PA or CS patients undergoing LA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Kira
- Department of Urology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Norifumi Sawada
- Department of Urology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakagomi
- Department of Urology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ihara
- Department of Urology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Ryouta Furuya
- Department of Urology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Masayuki Takeda
- Department of Urology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Takahiko Mitsui
- Department of Urology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
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7
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Abstract
Currently, laparoscopic adrenalectomy is worldwide considered the gold standard technique. Both transperitoneal and retroperitoneal approaches have proved their efficacy with excellent outcomes. Since the introduction of da Vinci System (Intuitive Surgical, Sunnyvale, CA), robotic surgery has made many steps forward gaining progressively more diffusion in the field of general and endocrine surgery. The robotic technique offers advantages to overcome some laparoscopic shortcomings (rigid instruments, loss of 3D vision, unstable camera). Indeed, the robotic system is provided of stereoscopic 3D-magnified vision, additional degree of freedom, tremor-filtering technology and a stable camera. Recently, several case series have demonstrated the feasibility and the safety of robot-assisted adrenalectomy in high-volume centers with outcomes comparable to laparoscopic adrenalectomy. Notwithstanding, the technical advantages of the robotic system have not yet demonstrated significant improvements in terms of outcomes to undermine laparoscopic adrenalectomy. Moreover, robotic adrenalectomy harbor inherits drawbacks, such as longer operative time and elevated costs, that limit its use. In particular, the high cost associated with the use of the robotic system is primarily related to the purchase and the maintenance of the unit, the high instruments cost and the longer operative time. Notably, these aspects make robotic adrenalectomy up to 2.3 times more costly than laparoscopic adrenalectomy. This literature review summarizes the current available studies and provides an overview about the robotic scenario including applicability, technical details and surgical outcomes.
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8
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Danwang C, Agbor VN, Bigna JJ. Obesity and postoperative outcomes of the patients with laparoscopic adrenalectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Surg 2020; 20:194. [PMID: 32867744 PMCID: PMC7457363 DOI: 10.1186/s12893-020-00848-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies have suggested differences in postoperative outcomes between patients with obesity and those without following adrenalectomy, but these remained to be ascertained with synthesis of available evidence. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the association between obesity and outcomes of patients after laparoscopic adrenalectomy. Methods We searched EMBASE, PubMed, Global Index Medicus, and Web of Science, without language restriction, to identify cohort studies published between January 1, 2000 and November 6, 2019. We considered studies with data comparing outcomes of adults with and without obesity after laparoscopic adrenalectomy. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to pool study-specific estimates. This review was registered with PROSPERO, CRD42018117070. Results Five studies with data on a pooled sample of 353 patients with obesity and 828 without were included in the meta-analysis. The risk of bias was moderate to low. We found no association between obesity and the various stages of postoperative complications: Clavien-Dindo grade 1 (OR = 1.57; 95%CI = 0.55–4.48; I2 = 44.6%), grade 2 (OR = 1.12; 95%CI = 0.54–2.32; I2 = 0.0%), grade 3 (OR = 1.79; 95%CI = 0.58–5.47; I2 = 0.0%;), grade 4 (OR = 0.43; 95%CI = 0.05–3.71; I2 = 0.0%), and grade 5 (death) (OR = 0.43; 95% CI = 0.02–14.31). Furthermore, no association was found between obesity and readmission rates (OR = 0.7; 95% CI = 0.13–3.62) and conversion of laparoscopic to open surgery (OR = 0.62; 95% CI = 0.16–2.34; I2 = 19.5%). Conclusions This study suggests that obesity is not associated with complications following laparoscopic adrenalectomy. This meta-analysis might have been underpowered to detect a true association between obesity and patient outcome after laparoscopic adrenalectomy due to the small number of included studies. Larger studies are needed to clarify the role of obesity in patients undergoing laparoscopic adrenalectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celestin Danwang
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium. .,Department of Surgery and Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Valirie Ndip Agbor
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Clinical Research, Health Education and Research Organisation (HERO), Buea, Cameroon
| | - Jean Joel Bigna
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris Sud XI, Paris, France
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Tan L, Ye Y, Xiao K, Xu X, Liang H, Zheng F, Qin Z. A clinicopathological analysis of adrenal tumors in patients with history of extra-adrenal cancers. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:838. [PMID: 31455293 PMCID: PMC6712887 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6061-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adrenal tumors in patients with previous/synchronous extra-adrenal malignancy are diverse and are a dilemma in clinical practice. This study investigated the differentiation of adrenal malignant and benign tumors in these patients. Methods Data from patients with a pathological diagnosis of adrenal tumors were retrospectively retrieved from April 1991 to November 2015. Patients without extra-adrenal malignancy were excluded. Clinical and imaging characteristics, including sex, age, tumor size, tumor location, isolated lesion, time interval between the diagnosis of the two tumors and retrieved imaging diagnosis, were collected and analyzed. The selected patients were divided into 2 groups: those with primary or secondary malignancies (PSM) and those with primary benign tumors (PB). Chi-squared tests were used to evaluate differences between the two groups. Logistic regression was performed to explore potential risk factors related to the differentiation of PSM and PB, and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate their diagnostic values. Results Ninety-one patients were selected; 54 were male, and the median age was 56 years old. Between the groups of PSM and PB, sex (p = 0.004), age (p = 0.029), tumor size (p < 0.001), isolated lesion (p < 0.001) and imaging diagnosis (p < 0.001) were significantly different, while tumor size (p = 0.001), sex (p = 0.047) and imaging diagnosis (p = 0.002) were independent predictors of PSM. With ROC curve analysis, risk factors ≥2 was the optimal cutoff to differentiate these adrenal tumors, and their sensitivity and specificity were 73 and 77%, respectively. With a median follow-up of 32 months, only 4 of 32 patients with PB died from cancer, and 24 of 47 patients with PSM died from cancer, although aggressive treatment was performed. Conclusions Tumor size, sex and imaging diagnosis were independent predictors of adrenal primary or secondary malignancies. These predictors might be helpful for differentiation of adrenal tumors in patients with previous/synchronous extra-adrenal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tan
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China.,Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunlin Ye
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Kanghua Xiao
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuelian Xu
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Haitao Liang
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Fufu Zheng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Zike Qin
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China.
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Abstract
Since Felix Fränkel's account of pheochromocytoma in 1886, great discoveries and vast advancements in the diagnosis, genetics, anatomical and functional imaging techniques, and surgical management of pheochromcytoma and paraganglioma (P-PGL) have been made. The improved insight in the pathophysiology of P-PGL and more accurate detection methods enable physicians to tailor the treatment plan to an individual based on the genetic profile and tumor behavior. This review will cover briefly the clinical features, diagnosis, genetic mutations, and imaging modalities that are used to guide current surgical management of these rare and interesting endocrinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Wiseman
- Surgical Oncology Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mustapha El Lakis
- Surgical Oncology Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Naris Nilubol
- Surgical Oncology Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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11
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Shimokihara K, Kawahara T, Mochizuki T, Morinaga R, Izumi K, Sanjyo H, Nakaigawa N, Yao M, Otani M, Uemura H. Spontaneous adrenal hemorrhage with dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate elevation in a patient with suspected adrenal cortical carcinoma. IJU Case Rep 2019; 2:102-104. [PMID: 32743385 PMCID: PMC7292189 DOI: 10.1002/iju5.12053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Spontaneous adrenal hemorrhage is a relatively rare disease that is sometimes difficult to differentiate from adrenal cortical carcinoma. We herein report a case of spontaneous adrenal hemorrhage with dehydroepiandrosterone‐sulfate elevation. Case presentation The patient was a 78‐year‐old man with an adrenal tumor that had increased in size to 42 mm. With the exception of an elevated dehydroepiandrosterone‐sulfate level (2281 ng/mL), the results of a hormone analysis were almost normal. Laparoscopic adrenal tumor resection was performed. The pathological diagnosis was adrenal hematoma. Conclusion We reported a case of spontaneous adrenal hemorrhage in a patient with dehydroepiandrosterone‐sulfate elevation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Shimokihara
- Departments of Urology and Renal Transplantation Yokohama City University Medical Center Yokohama Japan
| | - Takashi Kawahara
- Departments of Urology and Renal Transplantation Yokohama City University Medical Center Yokohama Japan
| | - Taku Mochizuki
- Departments of Urology and Renal Transplantation Yokohama City University Medical Center Yokohama Japan
| | - Ryota Morinaga
- Departments of Urology and Renal Transplantation Yokohama City University Medical Center Yokohama Japan
| | - Koji Izumi
- Departments of Urology and Renal Transplantation Yokohama City University Medical Center Yokohama Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sanjyo
- Department of Urology Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine Yokohama Japan
| | - Noboru Nakaigawa
- Department of Urology Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine Yokohama Japan
| | - Masahiro Yao
- Department of Urology Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine Yokohama Japan
| | - Masako Otani
- Division of Diagnostic Pathology Yokohama City University Medical Center Yokohama Japan
| | - Hiroji Uemura
- Departments of Urology and Renal Transplantation Yokohama City University Medical Center Yokohama Japan
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12
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Ortenzi M, Balla A, Ghiselli R, Vergari R, Silecchia G, Guerrieri E, Maria Paganini A, Guerrieri M. Minimally invasive approach to the adrenal gland in obese patients with Cushing's syndrome. MINIM INVASIV THER 2019; 28:285-291. [PMID: 30663461 DOI: 10.1080/13645706.2018.1536669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The combination of Cushing's syndrome and obesity, one of the most common manifestations of the syndrome itself, may be associated with the worsening of post-operative outcomes in case of laparoscopic adrenalectomy. This study focused on the laparoscopic treatment of Cushing's syndrome with the purpose to identify any relevant difference between morbidly obese, mildly obese and non-obese patients.Material and methods: Patients were retrospectively divided into three groups according to their Body Mass Index (BMI). Demographic characteristics, operative and post-operative data were collected. Data about different hemostatic devices were also collected and compared. Differences were analyzed with the Fisher's exact test for categorical variables, and the Mann-Whitney test for continuous variables.Results: No differences were found in operative time (101.5 ± 50.9 min; p = .919), conversion rate (2.6%; p = .655) or length of stay (4.3 ± 2.9 days; p = .886). Complication rate was 3% (p = .32), without any mortality. 95% of patients showed a complete resolution of hypercotisolyism-related symptoms, and a mean BMI reduction of 5 ± 3.2 kg/m2 (follow up = 6.3 ± 4.2 years). Conclusions: Laparoscopic adrenalectomy is safe and feasible in obese patients affected with Cushing's disease and it can lead to the resolution of the related symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Ortenzi
- Clinica Chirurgica, Universita Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Balla
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Specialties "Paride Stefanini", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Ghiselli
- Clinica Chirurgica, Universita Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Roberto Vergari
- Clinica Chirurgica, Universita Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Silecchia
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Division of General Surgery and Bariatric Centre of Excellence, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Maria Paganini
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Specialties "Paride Stefanini", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Guerrieri
- Clinica Chirurgica, Universita Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
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Christakis I, Ng CS, Chen C, Yiin YH, Grubbs EG, Perrier ND, Lee JE, Graham PH. Operation duration and adrenal gland size, but not BMI, are correlated with complication rate for posterior retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy for benign diseases. Surgery 2018; 165:637-643. [PMID: 30482519 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We sought to determine whether obesity is correlated with complications after posterior retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy for benign diseases and to develop surrogate markers of abdominal fat in preoperative computed tomography. METHODS We conducted a retrospective chart review of all patients who had undergone posterior retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy and preoperative computed tomography between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2015. The cross-sectional components of fat assessed by computed tomography included total fat area, subcutaneous fat area, retroperitoneal fat area, and peritoneal fat area. The patients were grouped into 2 categories according to the absence or presence of a postoperative complication (the no-complications group and the complications group, respectively). RESULTS Of 116 study patients, 20 patients (17%) had a postoperative complication. Operations of greater duration and smaller adrenal gland size were significantly correlated with complications both in univariate and multivariate analyses. Body mass index, total fat area, subcutaneous fat area, retroperitoneal fat area, peritoneal fat area, and distance of skin to muscle (in axial and sagittal images) correlated with complications in univariate analysis but not in multivariate analysis. In the no-complications group, the removed adrenal gland was larger than that removed in the complications group (6 vs 4 cm, respectively, P = .001), whereas the complications group had a greater operative duration (139 vs 104 min, respectively, P = .001) and a greater duration of hospital stay (3 days vs 1 day, respectively, P = .001). CONCLUSION In this study, operations of greater duration and smaller adrenal gland size were better predictors of complications after posterior retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy for benign disease than measures of obesity, including body mass index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Christakis
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Chaan S Ng
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Yeh Hung Yiin
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Elizabeth G Grubbs
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Nancy D Perrier
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Jeffrey E Lee
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Paul H Graham
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
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Inaishi T, Kikumori T, Takeuchi D, Ishihara H, Miyajima N, Shibata M, Takano Y, Nakanishi K, Noda S, Kodera Y. Obesity does not affect peri- and postoperative outcomes of transabdominal laparoscopic adrenalectomy. NAGOYA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE 2018; 80:21-28. [PMID: 29581611 PMCID: PMC5857498 DOI: 10.18999/nagjms.80.1.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Laparoscopic adrenalectomy is the gold standard procedure for most adrenal tumors. Obesity is considered as a risk factor for surgical complications. This study aimed to evaluate whether obesity affects peri- and postoperative outcomes of transabdominal laparoscopic adrenalectomy using body mass index (BMI). This retrospective study included 98 patients who underwent transabdominal laparoscopic adrenalectomy between January 2011 and December 2016. We divided the patients into 2 groups: non-obese group (BMI < 25 kg/m2) and obese group (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2). We assessed perioperative outcomes and postoperative complications between the groups. A total of 98 patients were analyzed (70 without obesity and 28 with obesity). There were no significant differences between the non-obese and obese groups regarding operative time (111 vs 107 min; p = 0.795), blood loss (3.5 vs 3.5 ml; p = 0.740), rate of placement of additional trocars (14.3% vs 17.9%; p = 0.657), rate of open conversion (2.6% vs 3.6%; p = 0.853), and postoperative length of hospital stay (6 vs 5 days; p = 0.237). Furthermore, obesity was not a significant risk factor for postoperative complications (postoperative bleeding, wound infection, and pneumonia). There are no significant differences in peri- and postoperative outcomes of transabdominal laparoscopic adrenalectomy in patients with obesity compared with those without obesity. Transabdominal laparoscopic adrenalectomy is feasible and safe for patients with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Inaishi
- Department of Transplantation and Endocrine Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toyone Kikumori
- Department of Transplantation and Endocrine Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Dai Takeuchi
- Department of Transplantation and Endocrine Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Ishihara
- Department of Transplantation and Endocrine Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Miyajima
- Department of Transplantation and Endocrine Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahiro Shibata
- Department of Transplantation and Endocrine Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuko Takano
- Department of Transplantation and Endocrine Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kenichi Nakanishi
- Department of Transplantation and Endocrine Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Sumiyo Noda
- Department of Transplantation and Endocrine Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kodera
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Adrenal Hemangioma: A Case of Retroperitoneal Tumor. Case Rep Med 2018; 2018:8796327. [PMID: 29560018 PMCID: PMC5836307 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8796327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Adrenal hemangioma is a rare disease, with only some 60 cases reported previously. Due to the difficulty of the preoperative diagnosis of adrenal hemangioma, almost all of the cases were diagnosed by a histopathological analysis of surgical specimens. Case Presentation A 52-year-old man was referred to our department for further examination of his left retroperitoneal tumor. He had received hemodialysis due to chronic renal failure resulting from membranous nephropathy. Computed tomography revealed a mass around his left hilum. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron-emission tomography (PET)-CT were unable to confirm or deny malignancy, and tumor markers, including CEA and CA19-9, showed slight elevation. His tumor grew from 38 mm to 54 mm in diameter in 7 months of follow-up. We therefore planned retroperitoneal tumor resection with left nephrectomy. Histopathologically, hyperplastic small vessels with hemorrhaging and denaturation were seen. The endothelial cells showed no variants or division of the nucleus. Based on this diagnosis, no further therapy was performed. He has had no recurrence in the eight months since the surgery. Conclusion We herein report a rare case of adrenal hemangioma.
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Risk factors for prolonged hospitalization in patients undergoing laparoscopic adrenalectomy. Wideochir Inne Tech Maloinwazyjne 2018; 13:141-147. [PMID: 30002745 PMCID: PMC6041577 DOI: 10.5114/wiitm.2018.73357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Even though laparoscopic adrenalectomy is currently a standard, there are important variations between different centres in short-term treatment results such as length of hospital stay (LOS) or morbidity. Aim To determine the factors affecting LOS in patients after laparoscopic transperitoneal lateral adrenalectomy (LTA). Material and methods The study enrolled 453 patients (173 men and 280 women, mean age 57 years) who underwent LTA between 2009 and 2017. Discharge from hospital after more than median hospital stay was considered as prolonged LOS. We evaluated factors that potentially may influence LOS (primary length of stay after surgery, excluding readmissions). Logistic regression models were used in univariate and corrected multivariate analyses, in order to identify the factors related to prolonged LOS. Results The median LOS after LTA in the studied group was 2 days. One hundred seventy-five (38.5%) patients required prolonged hospitalization. Univariate logistic regression showed that the following factors were related to prolonged LOS: presence of any comorbidity, cardiovascular disease, intraoperative complications, postoperative complications, day of the week of operation (surgery on Thursday or Friday), intraoperative blood loss, need for transfusion, hormonal activity, postoperative drainage, ASA (III–IV) and histological type – pheochromocytoma. Multivariate logistic regression showed that only complications (OR = 3.86; 95% CI: 1.84–8.04), day of the week of operation (Thursday or Friday) (OR = 4.85; 95% CI: 3.04–7.73), need for drainage (OR = 3.63; 95% CI: 1.55–8.52), and histological type – pheochromocytoma (OR = 2.48; 95% CI: 1.35–4.54) prolonged LOS. Conclusions Prolonged length of hospital stay following laparoscopic transperitoneal lateral adrenalectomy is strongly associated with the presence of postoperative complications, day of the week of operation (Thursday or Friday), need for drainage, and histological type – pheochromocytoma.
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