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Zhuang J, Zhang L, Zhang S, Zhang Z, Xie T, Zhao W, Liu Y. Membrane-associated RING-CH 7 inhibits stem-like capacities of bladder cancer cells by interacting with nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1. Cell Biosci 2024; 14:32. [PMID: 38462600 PMCID: PMC10926635 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-024-01210-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer stem-like capacities are major factors contributing to unfavorable prognosis. However, the associated molecular mechanisms underlying cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) maintain remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of the ubiquitin E3 ligase membrane-associated RING-CH 7 (MARCH7) in bladder cancer cell CSCs. METHODS Male BALB/c nude mice aged 4-5 weeks were utilized to generate bladder xenograft model. The expression levels of MARCHs were checked in online databases and our collected bladder tumors by quantitative real-time PCR (q-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Next, we evaluated the stem-like capacities of bladder cancer cells with knockdown or overexpression of MARCH7 by assessing their spheroid-forming ability and spheroid size. Additionally, we conducted proliferation, colony formation, and transwell assays to validate the effects of MARCH7 on bladder cancer CSCs. The detailed molecular mechanism of MARCH7/NOD1 was validated by immunoprecipitation, dual luciferase, and in vitro ubiquitination assays. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing 1 (NOD1) is a substrate of MARCH7. RESULTS We found that MARCH7 interacts with NOD1, leading to the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation of NOD1. Furthermore, our data suggest that NOD1 significantly enhances stem-like capacities such as proliferation and invasion abilities. The overexpressed MARCH7 counteracts the effects of NOD1 on bladder cancer CSCs in both in vivo and in vitro models. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that MARCH7 functions as a tumor suppressor and inhibits the stem-like capacities of bladder tumor cells by promoting the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation of NOD1. Targeting the MARCH7/NOD1 pathway could be a promising therapeutic strategy for bladder cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlong Zhuang
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Urology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingli Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Siyuan Zhang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhongqing Zhang
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianlei Xie
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China.
- Clinical Laboratory, Clinical Medical College and The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yantao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Dong Y, Wu X, Xu C, Hameed Y, Abdel-Maksoud MA, Almanaa TN, Kotob MH, Al-Qahtani WH, Mahmoud AM, Cho WC, Li C. Prognostic model development and molecular subtypes identification in bladder urothelial cancer by oxidative stress signatures. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:2591-2616. [PMID: 38305808 PMCID: PMC10911378 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mounting studies indicate that oxidative stress (OS) significantly contributes to tumor progression. Our study focused on bladder urothelial cancer (BLCA), an escalating malignancy worldwide that is growing rapidly. Our objective was to verify the predictive precision of genes associated with overall survival (OS) by constructing a model that forecasts outcomes for bladder cancer and evaluates the prognostic importance of these genetic markers. METHODS Transcriptomic data were obtained from TCGA-BLCA and GSE31684, which are components of the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), respectively. To delineate distinct molecular subtypes, we employed the non-negative matrix factorization (NMF)method. The significance of OS-associated genes in predicting outcomes was assessed using lasso regression, multivariate Cox analysis, and univariate Cox regression analysis. For external validation, we employed the GSE31684 dataset. CIBERSORT was utilized to examine the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). A nomogram was created and verified using calibration and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, which are based on risk signatures. We examined variations in clinical characteristics and tumor mutational burden (TMB) among groups classified as high-risk and low-risk. To evaluate the potential of immunotherapy, the immune phenomenon score (IPS) was computed based on the risk score. In the end, the pRRophetic algorithm was employed to forecast the IC50 values of chemotherapy medications. RESULTS In our research, we examined the expression of 275 genes associated with OS in 19 healthy and 414 cancerous tissues of the bladder obtained from the TCGA database. As a result, a new risk signature was created that includes 4 genes associated with OS (RBPMS, CRYAB, P4HB, and PDGFRA). We found two separate groups, C1 and C2, that showed notable variations in immune cells and stromal score. According to the Kaplan-Meier analysis, patients classified as high-risk experienced a considerably reduced overall survival in comparison to those categorized as low-risk (P<0.001). The predictive capability of the model was indicated by the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve surpassing 0.6. Our model showed consistent distribution of samples from both the GEO database and TCGA data. Both the univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses validated the importance of the risk score in relation to overall survival (P < 0.001). According to our research, patients with a lower risk profile may experience greater advantages from using a CTLA4 inhibitor, whereas patients with a higher risk profile demonstrated a higher level of responsiveness to Paclitaxel and Cisplatin. In addition, methotrexate exhibited a more positive outcome in patients with low risk compared to those with high risk. CONCLUSIONS Our research introduces a novel model associated with OS gene signature in bladder cancer, which uncovers unique survival results. This model can assist in tailoring personalized treatment approaches and enhancing patient therapeutic effect in the management of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Dong
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoqing Wu
- Department of Oncology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chaojie Xu
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yasir Hameed
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Mostafa A. Abdel-Maksoud
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taghreed N. Almanaa
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed H. Kotob
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wahidah H. Al-Qahtani
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman M. Mahmoud
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - William C. Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Patwardhan MV, Mahendran R. The Bladder Tumor Microenvironment Components That Modulate the Tumor and Impact Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12311. [PMID: 37569686 PMCID: PMC10419109 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is complex and involves many different cell types that seemingly work together in helping cancer cells evade immune monitoring and survive therapy. The advent of single-cell sequencing has greatly increased our knowledge of the cell types present in the tumor microenvironment and their role in the developing cancer. This, coupled with clinical data showing that cancer development and the response to therapy may be influenced by drugs that indirectly influence the tumor environment, highlights the need to better understand how the cells present in the TME work together. This review looks at the different cell types (cancer cells, cancer stem cells, endothelial cells, pericytes, adipose cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, and neuronal cells) in the bladder tumor microenvironment. Their impact on immune activation and on shaping the microenvironment are discussed as well as the effects of hypertensive drugs and anesthetics on bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ratha Mahendran
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore;
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Jiang W, Pan C, Guo W, Xu Z, Ni Q, Ruan Y. Pathologic collision of urinary bladder urothelial carcinoma with small cell carcinoma: a case report. Diagn Pathol 2023; 18:80. [PMID: 37434193 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-023-01369-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urothelial carcinoma is a major subtype of bladder cancer and small cell carcinoma (SCC) is a rare type of cancer in clinical practice. Pathologic collision of urinary bladder urothelial carcinoma with SCC is not common in clinical settings. CASE PRESENTATION Here, we report a patient with high-grade papillary carcinoma which changed to collision tumor with SCC. The patient underwent radical cystectomy; however, neck and mediastinum lymph nodes metastases were detected 11 months after the operation. The lymph nodes were diagnosed pathologically as SCC. Chemoradiotherapy was subsequently prescribed. Unfortunately, this patient died of COVID-19 in early 2023. DISCUSSION We hypothesized the mechanism underlying this pathological transformation. For patients with urothelial bladder cancer, pathological analysis should be conducted to allow standardized and persistent treatment. Moreover, drugs should be selected depending on the type of pathology, especially for patients who develop relapse, since collision tumor or other pathological tumors may be present. CONCLUSIONS We recommend that radical cystectomy be performed early enough for patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer, who are at a high risk of tumor recurrence. However, this conclusion needs to be validated in a larger number of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- Department of Urological Surgery, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Chi Pan
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Urological Surgery, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Xu
- Department of Urological Surgery, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Qingtao Ni
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu, P.R. China.
| | - Yashi Ruan
- Department of Urological Surgery, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu, P.R. China.
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu, P.R. China.
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Tan D, Jiang W, Hu R, Li Z, Ou T. Detection of the ADGRG6 hotspot mutations in urine for bladder cancer early screening by ARMS-qPCR. Cancer Med 2023. [PMID: 37081791 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In bladder cancer, recurrent ADGRG6 enhancer hotspot mutations (chr. 6: 142,706,206 G>A, chr. 6:142,706,209 C>T) were reported at a high mutation rate of approximately 50%. Thus, ADGRG6 enhancer mutation status might be a candidate for diagnostic biomarker. METHODS To improve test efficacy, an amplification refractory mutation system combined with quantitative real-time PCR (ARMS-qPCR) assay was developed to detect the ADGRG6 mutations in a patient as a clinical diagnostic test. To validate the performance of the ARMS-qPCR assay, artificial plasmids, cell DNA reference standard were used as templates, respectively. To test the clinical diagnostic ability, we detected the cell free DNA (cfDNA) and sediment DNA (sDNA) of 30 bladder cancer patients' urine by ARMS-qPCR comparing with Sanger sequencing, followed by the droplet digital PCR to confirm the results. We also tested the urine of 100 healthy individuals and 90 patients whose diagnoses urinary tract infections or urinary stones but not bladder cancer. RESULTS Sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 96.7% were achieved when the mutation rate of the artificial plasmid was 1%, and sensitivity of 96.7% and specificity of 100% were achieved when the mutation frequency of the reference standard was 0.5%. Sanger sequencing and ARMS-qPCR both detected 30 cases of bladder cancer with 93.3% agreement. For the remaining unmatched sites, ARMS-qPCR results were consistent with droplet digital PCR. Among 100 healthy individuals, three of them carried hotspot mutations by way of ARMS-qPCR. Of 90 patients with urinary tract infections or urinary stones, no mutations were found by ARMS-qPCR. Based on clinical detection, the ARMS-qPCR assay's sensitivity is 83.3%, specificity is 98.4%. CONCLUSION We here present a novel urine test for ADGRG6 hotspot mutations with high accuracy and sensitivity, which may potentially serve as a rapid and non-invasive tool for bladder cancer early screening and follow-up relapse monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Tan
- Medical Laboratory of Shenzhen Luohu Hospital Group, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Following Precision Medical Research Institute of Luohu Hospital Group, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
- The Affiliated Shenzhen Luohu Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Wenqi Jiang
- Shenzhen Following Precision Medical Research Institute of Luohu Hospital Group, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Rixin Hu
- Shenzhen Following Precision Medical Research Institute of Luohu Hospital Group, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhuoran Li
- Shenzhen Following Precision Medical Research Institute of Luohu Hospital Group, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Tong Ou
- Medical Laboratory of Shenzhen Luohu Hospital Group, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Following Precision Medical Research Institute of Luohu Hospital Group, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
- The Affiliated Shenzhen Luohu Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
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Manni W, Min W. Signaling pathways in the regulation of cancer stem cells and associated targeted therapy. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e176. [PMID: 36226253 PMCID: PMC9534377 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are defined as a subpopulation of malignant tumor cells with selective capacities for tumor initiation, self-renewal, metastasis, and unlimited growth into bulks, which are believed as a major cause of progressive tumor phenotypes, including recurrence, metastasis, and treatment failure. A number of signaling pathways are involved in the maintenance of stem cell properties and survival of CSCs, including well-established intrinsic pathways, such as the Notch, Wnt, and Hedgehog signaling, and extrinsic pathways, such as the vascular microenvironment and tumor-associated immune cells. There is also intricate crosstalk between these signal cascades and other oncogenic pathways. Thus, targeting pathway molecules that regulate CSCs provides a new option for the treatment of therapy-resistant or -refractory tumors. These treatments include small molecule inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies that target key signaling in CSCs, as well as CSC-directed immunotherapies that harness the immune systems to target CSCs. This review aims to provide an overview of the regulating networks and their immune interactions involved in CSC development. We also address the update on the development of CSC-directed therapeutics, with a special focus on those with application approval or under clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Manni
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduP. R. China
| | - Wu Min
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of North DakotaGrand ForksNorth DakotaUSA
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7
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Castellón EA, Indo S, Contreras HR. Cancer Stemness/Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Axis Influences Metastasis and Castration Resistance in Prostate Cancer: Potential Therapeutic Target. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314917. [PMID: 36499245 PMCID: PMC9736174 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a leading cause of cancer death in men, worldwide. Mortality is highly related to metastasis and hormone resistance, but the molecular underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We have studied the presence and role of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and the Epithelial-Mesenchymal transition (EMT) in PCa, using both in vitro and in vivo models, thereby providing evidence that the stemness-mesenchymal axis seems to be a critical process related to relapse, metastasis and resistance. These are complex and related processes that involve a cooperative action of different cancer cell subpopulations, in which CSCs and mesenchymal cancer cells (MCCs) would be responsible for invading, colonizing pre-metastatic niches, initiating metastasis and an evading treatments response. Manipulating the stemness-EMT axis genes on the androgen receptor (AR) may shed some light on the effect of this axis on metastasis and castration resistance in PCa. It is suggested that the EMT gene SNAI2/Slug up regulates the stemness gene Sox2, and vice versa, inducing AR expression, promoting metastasis and castration resistance. This approach will provide new sight about the role of the stemness-mesenchymal axis in the metastasis and resistance mechanisms in PCa and their potential control, contributing to develop new therapeutic strategies for patients with metastatic and castration-resistant PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique A. Castellón
- Correspondence: (E.A.C.); (H.R.C.); Tel.: +56-229-786-863 (E.A.C.); +56-229-786-862 (H.R.C.)
| | | | - Héctor R. Contreras
- Correspondence: (E.A.C.); (H.R.C.); Tel.: +56-229-786-863 (E.A.C.); +56-229-786-862 (H.R.C.)
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8
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Zhang YY, Li XW, Li XD, Zhou TT, Chen C, Liu JW, Wang L, Jiang X, Wang L, Liu M, Zhao YG, Li SD. Comprehensive analysis of anoikis-related long non-coding RNA immune infiltration in patients with bladder cancer and immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1055304. [PMID: 36505486 PMCID: PMC9732092 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1055304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anoikis is a form of programmed cell death or programmed cell death(PCD) for short. Studies suggest that anoikis involves in the decisive steps of tumor progression and cancer cell metastasis and spread, but what part it plays in bladder cancer remains unclear. We sought to screen for anoikis-correlated long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) so that we can build a risk model to understand its ability to predict bladder cancer prognosis and the immune landscape. Methods We screened seven anoikis-related lncRNAs (arlncRNAs) from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and designed a risk model. It was validated through ROC curves and clinicopathological correlation analysis, and demonstrated to be an independent factor of prognosis prediction by uni- and multi-COX regression. In the meantime, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis, immune infiltration, and half-maximal inhibitory concentration prediction (IC50) were implemented with the model. Moreover, we divided bladder cancer patients into three subtypes by consensus clustering analysis to further study the differences in prognosis, immune infiltration level, immune checkpoints, and drug susceptibility. Result We designed a risk model of seven arlncRNAs, and proved its accuracy using ROC curves. COX regression indicated that the model might be an independent prediction factor of bladder cancer prognosis. KEGG enrichment analysis showed it was enriched in tumors and immune-related pathways among the people at high risk. Immune correlation analysis and drug susceptibility results indicated that it had higher immune infiltration and might have a better immunotherapy efficacy for high-risk groups. Of the three subtypes classified by consensus clustering analysis, cluster 3 revealed a positive prognosis, and cluster 2 showed the highest level of immune infiltration and was sensitive to most chemistries. This is helpful for us to discover more precise immunotherapy for bladder cancer patients. Conclusion In a nutshell, we found seven arlncRNAs and built a risk model that can identify different bladder cancer subtypes and predict the prognosis of bladder cancer patients. Immune-related and drug sensitivity researches demonstrate it can provide individual therapeutic schedule with greater precision for bladder cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Yu Zhang
- Department of Urology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China,Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Li
- Department of Urology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Li
- Department of Urology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China,Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ting-Ting Zhou
- Department of Urology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Urology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Ji-Wen Liu
- Department of Urology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Urology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Urology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Urology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Urology, Xuanhan Chinese Medicine Hospital, Dazhou, China
| | - You-Guang Zhao
- Department of Urology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: You-Guang Zhao, ; Sha-dan Li,
| | - Sha-dan Li
- Department of Urology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China,Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China,*Correspondence: You-Guang Zhao, ; Sha-dan Li,
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9
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Chen G, Chen Y, Xu R, Zhang G, Zou X, Wu G. Impact of SOX2 function and regulation on therapy resistance in bladder cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1020675. [PMID: 36465380 PMCID: PMC9709205 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1020675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is a malignant disease with high rates of recurrence and mortality. It is mainly classified as non-muscle-invasive BC and muscle-invasive BC (MIBC). Often, MIBC is chemoresistant, which, according to cancer stem cells (CSCs) theory, is linked to the presence of bladder cancer stem cells (BCSCs). Sex-determining region Y- (SRY) Box transcription factor 2 (SOX2), which is a molecular marker of BCSCs, is aberrantly over-expressed in chemoresistant BC cell lines. It is one of the standalone prognostic factors for BC, and it has an inherently significant function in the emergence and progression of the disease. This review first summarizes the role of SRY-related high-mobility group protein Box (SOX) family genes in BC, focusing on the SOX2 and its significance in BC. Second, it discusses the mechanisms relevant to the regulation of SOX2. Finally, it summarizes the signaling pathways related to SOX2 in BC, suggests current issues to be addressed, and proposes potential directions for future research to provide new insights for the treatment of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Chen
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Institute of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruiquan Xu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Institute of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Guoxi Zhang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Institute of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zou
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Institute of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Gengqing Wu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Institute of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
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10
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Cheng X, Lou K, Ding L, Zou X, Huang R, Xu G, Zou J, Zhang G. Clinical potential of the Hippo-YAP pathway in bladder cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:925278. [PMID: 35912245 PMCID: PMC9336529 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.925278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is one of the world’s most frequent cancers. Surgery coupled with adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy is the current standard of therapy for BC. However, a high proportion of patients progressed to chemotherapy-resistant or even neoplasm recurrence. Hence, identifying novel treatment targets is critical for clinical treatment. Current studies indicated that the Hippo-YAP pathway plays a crucial in regulating the survival of cancer stem cells (CSCs), which is related to the progression and reoccurrence of a variety of cancers. In this review, we summarize the evidence that Hippo-YAP mediates the occurrence, progression and chemotherapy resistance in BC, as well as the role of the Hippo-YAP pathway in regulating bladder cancer stem-like cells (BCSCs). Finally, the clinical potential of Hippo-YAP in the treatment of BC was prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Cheng
- First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Institute of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Kecheng Lou
- First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Institute of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Liang Ding
- First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Institute of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zou
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Institute of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Jiangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Calculi Prevention, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Ruohui Huang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Institute of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Jiangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Calculi Prevention, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Institute of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Jiangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Calculi Prevention, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Junrong Zou
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Institute of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Jiangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Calculi Prevention, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Guoxi Zhang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Institute of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Jiangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Calculi Prevention, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Guoxi Zhang,
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11
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Multiorientation Simultaneous Computation of Back-Projection CT Image Reconstruction Algorithm in Staging Diagnosis of Bladder Cancer. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6731491. [PMID: 35799658 PMCID: PMC9256352 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6731491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this research was to investigate the multidirectional synchronous calculation of the back-projection computed tomography (CT) image reconstruction algorithm (MSBP) in the staging diagnosis of bladder cancer. Sixty patients with bladder cancer admitted to the hospital were selected for enhanced CT scanning, all of which were randomly divided into control group (n = 30) and study group (n = 30). The filtered back-projection (FBP) algorithm was employed to reconstruct the scanned image, and the MSBP was additionally applied to the images of the study group. Fringe artifact (SA), overall mass (OQ), effective radiation dose (ED), CT dose-exponential volume (CTDI), and dose-length product (DLP) of the two groups of images were compared and analyzed. The results showed that the total time of the traditional algorithm was 5.473 s, and the total time of MSBP combined with FBP algorithm was 2.832 s, which was significantly higher than that of the traditional algorithm (P < 0.05). CT scan bladder cancer staging results of all patients were compared with surgical pathological staging results, and the results were evaluated according to the coincidence rate. SA in the study group was lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05), and OQ was not statistically significant. The ED of the study group was significantly lower than that of the control group by 33%. The coincidence rate of postoperative pathological staging results and CT staging results was 96%, and T1, T2a, and T4 coincidence rate was 100%, The coincidence rates of T2b, T3a, and T3b were 90%, 83.3%, and 66.67%, respectively. In summary, using MSBP method combined with FBP algorithm can improve OQ while reducing ED of patients. The introduction of MSBP into CT reconstruction image simplified the pixel location operation of projection calculation, showing an important application value in preoperative staging diagnosis of bladder cancer.
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12
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Fan Y, Li Q, Shen Q, Liu Z, Zhang Z, Hu S, Yu W, He Z, He Q, Zhang Q. Head-to-Head Comparison of the Expression Differences of NECTIN-4, TROP-2, and HER2 in Urothelial Carcinoma and Its Histologic Variants. Front Oncol 2022; 12:858865. [PMID: 35515131 PMCID: PMC9063095 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.858865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Antibody–drug conjugates (ADC), such as enfortumab vedotin (EV), sacituzumab govitecan (SG), and RC-48, have shown outstanding response rates to local advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (UC). However, their corresponding target expression characteristics in UC and its histologic variants were unknown. Methods We detected the expression of NECTIN-4, TROP-2, and HER2, which are the corresponding targets of ADCs EV, SG, and RC-48 in muscle-invasive UC through immunohistochemistry. Results 161 consecutive samples from 2017 to 2021 of muscle-invasive UC and its histologic variants were obtained in Peking University First Hospital. Variant histology types included 72UC, 10 squamous carcinomas, 23 glandular carcinomas, 19 small cell carcinomas, 19 micropapillary variants, and 18 nested variants. NECTIN-4 expression was found to be 57/72 (79.2%), 10/10 (100%), 15/23 (65.2%), 4/19 (21.1%), 15/19 (78.9%), and 16/18 (88.9%) in conventional UC, squamous carcinoma, glandular carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, micropapillary, and nested variant, respectively, compared with 65/72 (90.3%), 8/10 (80.0%), 13/23 (56.5%), 3/19 (15.8%), 16/19 (84.2%), and 15/18 (83.3%) of TROP-2, and 26/72 (36.1%), 0, 5/23 (21.7%), 6/19 (31.6%), 5/19 (26.3%), and 7/18 (38.9%) of HER2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fan
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qinhan Li
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Shen
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhifu Liu
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenan Zhang
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Hu
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Yu
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhisong He
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qun He
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Huldani H, Jasim SA, Sergeenva KN, Bokov DO, Abdelbasset WK, Turakulov R, Al-Gazally ME, Ahmadzadeh B, Jawhar ZH, Siahmansouri H. Mechanisms of cancer stem cells drug resistance and the pivotal role of HMGA2. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 234:153906. [PMID: 35468338 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.153906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, the focus of researchers is on perceiving the heterogeneity observed in a tumor. The researchers studied the role of a specific subset of cancer cells with high resistance to traditional treatments, recurrence, and unregulated metastasis. This small population of tumor cells that have stem-cell-like specifications was named Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs). The unique features that distinguish this type of cancer cell are self-renewing, generating clones of the tumor, plasticity, recurrence, and resistance to therapies. There are various mechanisms that contribute to the drug resistance of CSCs, such as CSCs markers, Epithelial mesenchymal transition, hypoxia, other cells, inflammation, and signaling pathways. Recent investigations have revealed the primary role of HMGA2 in the development and invasion of cancer cells. Importantly, HMGA2 also plays a key role in resistance to treatment through their function in the drug resistance mechanisms of CSCs and challenge it. Therefore, a deep understanding of this issue can provide a clearer perspective for researchers in the face of this problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huldani Huldani
- Department of Physiology, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarmasin, South Borneo, Indonesia
| | - Saade Abdalkareem Jasim
- Medical Laboratory Techniques Department, Al-Maarif University College, Al-Anbar-Ramadi, Iraq
| | - Klunko Nataliya Sergeenva
- Department of post-graduate and doctoral programs, Russian New University, Building 5, Radio Street, Moscow City, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry Olegovich Bokov
- Institute of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8 Trubetskaya St., Bldg. 2, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Walid Kamal Abdelbasset
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia; Department of Physical Therapy, Kasr Al-Aini Hospital, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rustam Turakulov
- Department of Internal diseases, Tashkent Medical Academy, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | | | - Behnam Ahmadzadeh
- Doctoral School of the University of Szczecin, Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, 71-412 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Zanko Hassan Jawhar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Lebanese French University, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Homayoon Siahmansouri
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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14
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Kawasaki M, Nagase K, Aoki S, Udo K, Tobu S, Rikitake-Yamamoto M, Kubota M, Narita T, Noguchi M. Bystander effects induced by the interaction between urothelial cancer cells and irradiated adipose tissue-derived stromal cells in urothelial carcinoma. Hum Cell 2022; 35:613-627. [PMID: 35044631 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-022-00668-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cell-cell interactions between cancer cells and neighboring adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ATSCs) are known to regulate the aggressiveness of cancer cells. In addition, the radiation-induced bystander effect is an important modulator of cancer cell kinetics. Radiation therapy is often given for urinary cancer, but the biological effects of the irradiated cancer stroma, including adipose tissue, on urothelial carcinoma (UC) remain unclear. We investigated the bystander effect of irradiated ATSCs on UC using a collagen gel culture method to replicate irradiated ATSC-cancer cell interactions after a single 12-Gy dose of irradiation. Proliferative activity, invasive capacity, protein expression and nuclear translocation of p53 binding protein-1 (53BP1) were analyzed. Irradiated ATSCs significantly inhibited the growth and promoted the apoptosis of UC cells in comparison to non-irradiated controls. The invasiveness of UC cells was increased by irradiated ATSCs, but not irradiated fibroblasts. Nuclear translocation of 53BP1 protein due to the bystander effect was confirmed in the irradiated group. Irradiated ATSCs regulated the expressions of the insulin receptor, insulin-like growth factor-1 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 in UC. In conclusion, the bystander effect of irradiated ATSCs is a critical regulator of UC, and the actions differed depending on the type of mesenchymal cell involved. Our alternative culture model is a promising tool for further investigations into radiation therapy for many types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Kawasaki
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga, 849-8501, Japan.
| | - Kei Nagase
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
| | - Shigehisa Aoki
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuma Udo
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
| | - Shohei Tobu
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
| | - Mihoko Rikitake-Yamamoto
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
| | - Masaya Kubota
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Saga University, 1 Honjo, Saga, 840-8502, Japan
| | - Takayuki Narita
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Saga University, 1 Honjo, Saga, 840-8502, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Noguchi
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
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15
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Bahmad HF, Daher D, Aljamal AA, Elajami MK, Oh KS, Alvarez Moreno JC, Delgado R, Suarez R, Zaldivar A, Azimi R, Castellano A, Sackstein R, Poppiti RJ. Repurposing of Anticancer Stem Cell Drugs in Brain Tumors. J Histochem Cytochem 2021; 69:749-773. [PMID: 34165342 PMCID: PMC8647630 DOI: 10.1369/00221554211025482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain tumors in adults may be infrequent when compared with other cancer etiologies, but they remain one of the deadliest with bleak survival rates. Current treatment modalities encompass surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. However, increasing resistance rates are being witnessed, and this has been attributed, in part, to cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs are a subpopulation of cancer cells that reside within the tumor bulk and have the capacity for self-renewal and can differentiate and proliferate into multiple cell lineages. Studying those CSCs enables an increasing understanding of carcinogenesis, and targeting CSCs may overcome existing treatment resistance. One approach to weaponize new drugs is to target these CSCs through drug repurposing which entails using drugs, which are Food and Drug Administration-approved and safe for one defined disease, for a new indication. This approach serves to save both time and money that would otherwise be spent in designing a totally new therapy. In this review, we will illustrate drug repurposing strategies that have been used in brain tumors and then further elaborate on how these approaches, specifically those that target the resident CSCs, can help take the field of drug repurposing to a new level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisham F. Bahmad
- Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology
and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach,
Florida
| | - Darine Daher
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of
Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Abed A. Aljamal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mount Sinai
Medical Center, Miami Beach, Florida
| | - Mohamad K. Elajami
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mount Sinai
Medical Center, Miami Beach, Florida
| | - Kei Shing Oh
- Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology
and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach,
Florida
| | - Juan Carlos Alvarez Moreno
- Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology
and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach,
Florida
| | - Ruben Delgado
- Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology
and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach,
Florida
| | - Richard Suarez
- Department of Pathology, Herbert Wertheim
College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Ana Zaldivar
- Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology
and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach,
Florida
| | - Roshanak Azimi
- Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology
and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach,
Florida
| | - Amilcar Castellano
- Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology
and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach,
Florida
- Department of Pathology, Herbert Wertheim
College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Robert Sackstein
- Department of Translational Medicine,
Translational Glycobiology Institute, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine,
Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Robert J. Poppiti
- Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology
and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach,
Florida
- Department of Pathology, Herbert Wertheim
College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
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16
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Wang H, Mei Y, Luo C, Huang Q, Wang Z, Lu GM, Qin L, Sun Z, Huang CW, Yang ZW, Chen J, Yin W, Qian CN, Zeng J, Chen L, Leng Q, Guo Y, Jia G. Single-Cell Analyses Reveal Mechanisms of Cancer Stem Cell Maintenance and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Recurrent Bladder Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:6265-6278. [PMID: 34526362 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-4796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Bladder cancer treatment remains a major clinical challenge due to therapy resistance and a high recurrence rate. Profiling intratumor heterogeneity can reveal the molecular mechanism of bladder cancer recurrence. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Here, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing and Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-seq) on tumors from 13 patients with low recurrence risk, high recurrence risk, and recurrent bladder cancer. RESULTS Our study generated a comprehensive cancer-cell atlas consisting of 54,971 single cells and identified distinct cell subpopulations. We found that the cancer stem-cell subpopulation is enriched during bladder cancer recurrence with elevated expression of EZH2. We further defined a subpopulation-specific molecular mechanism whereby EZH2 maintains H3K27me3-mediated repression of the NCAM1 gene, thereby inactivating the cell invasive and stemness transcriptional program. Furthermore, taking advantage of this large single-cell dataset, we elucidated the spectrum of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in clinical samples and revealed distinct EMT features associated with bladder cancer subtypes. We identified that TCF7 promotes EMT in corroboration with single-cell ATAC with high-throughput sequencing (scATAC-seq) analysis. Additionally, we constructed regulatory networks specific to recurrent bladder cancer. CONCLUSIONS Our study and analytic approaches herein provide a rich resource for the further study of cancer stem cells and EMT in the bladder cancer research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanjun Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Mei
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Luo
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qun Huang
- Department of Urology, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities Affiliated Hospital, Baise, China
| | - Zifeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guan-Ming Lu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities Affiliated Hospital, Baise, China
| | - Lili Qin
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhun Sun
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao-Wen Huang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Wen Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junxing Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiguo Yin
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao-Nan Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianming Zeng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Lingwu Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Qibin Leng
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China. .,The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Guangshuai Jia
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China. .,The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
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17
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Na L, Wang Z, Bai Y, Sun Y, Dong D, Wang W, Zhao C. WNT7B represses epithelial-mesenchymal transition and stem-like properties in bladder urothelial carcinoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1868:166271. [PMID: 34562599 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recurrence and metastasis are the major problems of bladder urothelial carcinoma, which mainly attribute to tumor cell stemness, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and chemoresistance. METHODS TCGA database was interrogated for gene mRNA expression in bladder urothelial carcinoma samples. CCLE database was interrogated for gene mRNA expression in bladder cancer cell lines. The correlation between two genes was analyzed by Pearson statistics. 37 human bladder urothelial carcinoma specimens were adopted for immunohistochemistry. Bladder cancer cells RT4, J82, and UM-UC-3 were used to carry out loss and gain of function studies. Kaplan-Meier method was performed to analyze the overall survival. FINDINGS WNT7B is downregulated in high-grade bladder urothelial carcinomas. Low WNT7B expression is associated with unfavorable prognosis. Loss and gain of function studies showed that WNT7B inhibits bladder urothelial carcinoma cell EMT, stem-like properties and chemoresistance. FZD5, a specific receptor for WNT7B, mediates WNT7B signaling. ELF3 is a downstream component of WNT7B signaling, which transcriptionally modulates NOTCH1, a tumor suppressor in bladder urothelial carcinoma. INTERPRETATION These data demonstrate that WNT7B/FZD5-ELF3-NOTCH1 signaling functions as a tumor-suppressing pathway in bladder urothelial carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Na
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Bai
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dan Dong
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Chenghai Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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18
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Hosseini A, Hamblin MR, Mirzaei H, Mirzaei HR. Role of the bone marrow microenvironment in drug resistance of hematological malignances. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:2290-2305. [PMID: 34514979 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210910124319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The unique features of the tumor microenvironment (TME) govern the biological properties of many cancers, including hematological malignancies. TME factors can trigger invasion, and protect against drug cytotoxicity by inhibiting apoptosis and activating specific signaling pathways (e.g. NF-ΚB). TME remodeling is facilitated due to the high self-renewal ability of the bone marrow. Progressing tumor cells can alter some extracellular matrix (ECM) components which act as a barrier to drug penetration in the TME. The initial progression of the cell cycle is controlled by the MAPK pathway (Raf/MEK/ERK) and Hippo pathway, while the final phase is regulated by the PI3K/Akt /mTOR and WNT pathways. In this review we summarize the main signaling pathways involved in drug resistance (DR) and some mechanisms by which DR can occur in the bone marrow. The relationship between autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and cellular signaling pathways in DR and apoptosis are covered in relation to the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Hosseini
- Laboratory Hematology and Blood Banking, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran. Iran
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028. South Africa
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan. Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Mirzaei
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran. Iran
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19
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Kaushik V, Kulkarni Y, Felix K, Azad N, Iyer AKV, Yakisich JS. Alternative models of cancer stem cells: The stemness phenotype model, 10 years later. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:934-943. [PMID: 34367485 PMCID: PMC8316871 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i7.934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The classical cancer stem cell (CSCs) theory proposed the existence of a rare but constant subpopulation of CSCs. In this model cancer cells are organized hierarchically and are responsible for tumor resistance and tumor relapse. Thus, eliminating CSCs will eventually lead to cure of cancer. This simplistic model has been challenged by experimental data. In 2010 we proposed a novel and controversial alternative model of CSC biology (the Stemness Phenotype Model, SPM). The SPM proposed a non-hierarchical model of cancer biology in which there is no specific subpopulation of CSCs in tumors. Instead, cancer cells are highly plastic in term of stemness and CSCs and non-CSCs can interconvert into each other depending on the microenvironment. This model predicts the existence of cancer cells ranging from a pure CSC phenotype to pure non-CSC phenotype and that survival of a single cell can originate a new tumor. During the past 10 years, a plethora of experimental evidence in a variety of cancer types has shown that cancer cells are indeed extremely plastic and able to interconvert into cells with different stemness phenotype. In this review we will (1) briefly describe the cumulative evidence from our laboratory and others supporting the SPM; (2) the implications of the SPM in translational oncology; and (3) discuss potential strategies to develop more effective therapeutic regimens for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kaushik
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, VA 23668, United States
| | - Yogesh Kulkarni
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, VA 23668, United States
| | - Kumar Felix
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, VA 23668, United States
| | - Neelam Azad
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, VA 23668, United States
| | - Anand Krishnan V Iyer
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, VA 23668, United States
| | - Juan Sebastian Yakisich
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, VA 23668, United States.
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20
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Zhang C, Zhang Y, Pan H, Tan Y, Wei Q, Dai X, Wei J, Chen Y. Combination of Ferulic Acid, Ligustrazine and Tetrahydropalmatine attenuates Epithelial-mesenchymal Transformation via Wnt/β-catenin Pathway in Endometriosis. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:2449-2460. [PMID: 34326686 PMCID: PMC8315018 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.60167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously the potential therapeutic action of ferulic acid, ligustrazine and tetrahydropalmatine (FLT) are discovered with unclear mechanism in rat autograft endometriosis. However, the effect of FLT on endometrial cells and allograft endometriosis is still unclear. This study is designed to elucidate the influence of FLT on epithelial-mesenchymal transformation in allograft endometriosis and endometrium cells. In vivo, fluorescent xenogeneic endometriosis model was established. In vitro, invasion and metastasis were analyzed after treating FLT. Epithelial-mesenchymal transformation and Wnt/β-catenin pathway were inspected in vitro and in vivo. Activator or inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin signaling was performed to inspect mechanism of epithelial-mesenchymal transformation. In vivo, FLT not only decreased fluorescent intensity and volume of ectopic lesion, but also ameliorated pathological morphology. E2 and PROG levels in serum were reduced by FLT. In endometrial cells, FLT significantly inhibited the invasion and metastasis. Meantime, epithelial-mesenchymal transformation was reversed, accompanied by suppression of Wnt/β-catenin pathway. In-depth study, activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway lead to promotion of epithelial-mesenchymal transformation, which was reversed by FLT. FLT prevented fluorescent allograft endometriosis and endometrium cells, which was related to suppress epithelial-mesenchymal transformation through inactivating Wnt/β-catenin pathway. The findings disclose molecular mechanism of epithelial-mesenchymal transformation in endometriosis by FLT, and contribute to further application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengling Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening from Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China.,Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica - the Key Discipline Constructed by the state Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Pharmacy Education (Southwest University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening from Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China.,Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica - the Key Discipline Constructed by the state Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Pharmacy Education (Southwest University), Chongqing, China
| | - Haiying Pan
- Sichuan Jinxin Women & Children Hospital, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Yi Tan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening from Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China.,Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica - the Key Discipline Constructed by the state Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Pharmacy Education (Southwest University), Chongqing, China
| | - Qinghua Wei
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening from Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China.,Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica - the Key Discipline Constructed by the state Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Pharmacy Education (Southwest University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xueshan Dai
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening from Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China.,Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica - the Key Discipline Constructed by the state Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Pharmacy Education (Southwest University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jiahui Wei
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening from Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China.,Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica - the Key Discipline Constructed by the state Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Pharmacy Education (Southwest University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening from Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China.,Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica - the Key Discipline Constructed by the state Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Pharmacy Education (Southwest University), Chongqing, China
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21
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Mohan A, Raj Rajan R, Mohan G, Kollenchery Puthenveettil P, Maliekal TT. Markers and Reporters to Reveal the Hierarchy in Heterogeneous Cancer Stem Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:668851. [PMID: 34150761 PMCID: PMC8209516 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.668851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A subpopulation within cancer, known as cancer stem cells (CSCs), regulates tumor initiation, chemoresistance, and metastasis. At a closer look, CSCs show functional heterogeneity and hierarchical organization. The present review is an attempt to assign marker profiles to define the functional heterogeneity and hierarchical organization of CSCs, based on a series of single-cell analyses. The evidences show that analogous to stem cell hierarchy, self-renewing Quiescent CSCs give rise to the Progenitor CSCs with limited proliferative capacity, and later to a Progenitor-like CSCs, which differentiates to Proliferating non-CSCs. Functionally, the CSCs can be tumor-initiating cells (TICs), drug-resistant CSCs, or metastasis initiating cells (MICs). Although there are certain marker profiles used to identify CSCs of different cancers, molecules like CD44, CD133, ALDH1A1, ABCG2, and pluripotency markers [Octamer binding transcriptional factor 4 (OCT4), SOX2, and NANOG] are used to mark CSCs of a wide range of cancers, ranging from hematological malignancies to solid tumors. Our analysis of the recent reports showed that a combination of these markers can demarcate the heterogeneous CSCs in solid tumors. Reporter constructs are widely used for easy identification and quantification of marker molecules. In this review, we discuss the suitability of reporters for the widely used CSC markers that can define the heterogeneous CSCs. Since the CSC-specific functions of CD44 and CD133 are regulated at the post-translational level, we do not recommend the reporters for these molecules for the detection of CSCs. A promoter-based reporter for ABCG2 may also be not relevant in CSCs, as the expression of the molecule in cancer is mainly regulated by promoter demethylation. In this context, a dual reporter consisting of one of the pluripotency markers and ALDH1A1 will be useful in marking the heterogeneous CSCs. This system can be easily adapted to high-throughput platforms to screen drugs for eliminating CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrutha Mohan
- Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Reshma Raj Rajan
- Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Gayathri Mohan
- Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
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22
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Zheng JL, Wang SS, Shen KP, Chen L, Peng X, Chen JF, An HM, Hu B. Ursolic acid induces apoptosis and anoikis in colorectal carcinoma RKO cells. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:52. [PMID: 33549076 PMCID: PMC7866452 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03232-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ursolic acid (UA) is an anti-cancer herbal compound. In the present study, we observed the effects of UA on anchorage-dependent and -independent growth of human colorectal cancer (CRC) RKO cells. METHODS RKO cells were cultured in conventional and detached condition and treated with UA. Cell viability was evaluated by CCK-8 assay. Cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry. Apoptosis was identified by Hoechst 33258 staining and flow cytometry analysis. Activities of caspases were measured by commercial kits. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) was recognized by DCFH-DA fluorescent staining. Anoikis was identified by EthD-1 fluorescent staining and flow cytometry analysis. Expression and phosphorylation of proteins were analyzed by western blot. RESULTS UA inhibited RKO cell viability in both a dose- and time-dependent manner. UA arrested the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase, and induced caspase-dependent apoptosis. UA inhibited Bcl-2 expression and increased Bax expression. In addition, UA up-regulated the level of ROS that contributed to UA activated caspase-3, - 8 and - 9, and induced apoptosis. Furthermore, UA inhibited cell growth in a detached condition and induced anoikis in RKO cells that was accompanied by dampened phosphorylation of FAK, PI3K and AKT. UA also inhibited epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) as indicated by the down-regulation of N-Cad expression and up-regulation of E-Cad expression. CONCLUSIONS UA induced caspase-dependent apoptosis, and FAK/PI3K/AKT singling and EMT related anoikis in RKO cells. UA was an effective anti-cancer compound against both anchorage-dependent and -independent growth of RKO cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Lu Zheng
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang-Shuang Wang
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Ping Shen
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Chen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Peng
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Fang Chen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Mei An
- Department of Science & Technology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Hu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
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23
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Stem Cells an Overview. Stem Cells 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-1638-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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24
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Divella R, Daniele A, Savino E, Paradiso A. Anticancer Effects of Nutraceuticals in the Mediterranean Diet: An Epigenetic Diet Model. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2020; 17:335-350. [PMID: 32576579 PMCID: PMC7367609 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological and clinical studies support the association between nutrition and development or progression of different malignancies such as colon, breast, and prostate cancer, defining these tumors as diet-associated cancer. The Mediterranean diet shows inverse associations with metabolic diseases, cardiovascular pathologies and various types of cancer. Many bioactive nutrients of the Mediterranean diet have been identified as factors protective against these types of pathologies. The epigenome has been identified as the primary goal of modulations in gene expression related to these molecular nutrients. In fact, they can modify the epigenome and can be incorporated into the 'epigenetic diet', which translates into a diet regimen that can be used therapeutically for health or preventative purposes. Most epigenetic changes are influenced by lifestyle and nutrition. Epigenetic therapy is a new area for the development of nutraceuticals whose absence of toxicity can represent a valid asset in cancer prevention strategies. Recent advances in understanding the mechanisms of nutrigenomics, nutrigenetics and nutraceuticals have led to the identification of superfoods capable of favorably conditioning gene expression. In this review, we highlight the importance of nutraceuticals present in the Mediterranean diet as epigenetic modifiers both in the mechanisms of tumor onset and as protective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Divella
- Institutional BioBank, Experimental Oncology and Biobank Management Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella Daniele
- Institutional BioBank, Experimental Oncology and Biobank Management Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
| | - Eufemia Savino
- Clinical and Pathology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
| | - Angelo Paradiso
- Institutional BioBank, Experimental Oncology and Biobank Management Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
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25
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Establishment of 2.5D organoid culture model using 3D bladder cancer organoid culture. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9393. [PMID: 32523078 PMCID: PMC7287130 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66229-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) organoid culture holds great promises in cancer precision medicine. However, Matrigel and stem cell-stimulating supplements are necessary for culturing 3D organoid cells. It costs a lot of money and consumes more time and effort compared with 2D cultured cells. Therefore, the establishment of cheaper and Matrigel-free organoid culture that can maintain the characteristics of a part of 3D organoids is demanded. In the previous study, we established a dog bladder cancer (BC) 3D organoid culture system by using their urine samples. Here, we successfully isolated cells named "2.5D organoid" from multiple strains of dog BC 3D organoids using 2.5 organoid media. The cell proliferation speed of 2.5D organoids was faster than parental 3D organoid cells. The expression pattern of stem cell markers was close to 3D organoids. Injection of 2.5D organoid cells into immunodeficient mice formed tumors and showed the histopathological characteristics of urothelial carcinoma similar to the injection of dog BC 3D organoids. The 2.5D organoids had a similar sensitivity profile for anti-cancer drug treatment to their parental 3D organoids. These data suggest that our established 2.5D organoid culture method might become a reasonable and useful tool instead of 3D organoids in dog BC research and therapy.
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26
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Hacek J, Brisuda A, Babjuk M, Zamecnik J. Expression of cancer stem cells markers in urinary bladder urothelial carcinoma and its precursor lesions. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2020; 165:316-321. [PMID: 32424373 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2020.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer stem cells (CSC) and their role in tumorigenesis of various solid tumors have been studied in past decades. Urothelial CSC were first identified 10 years ago and subsequent studies have been performed with the aim to identify reliable markers of CSC. So far, a few studies have investigated a relationship between CSC markers expression in urothelial carcinoma tissue and histopathological characteristics of the tumor. METHODS In our study, we evaluated an immunoexpression of the CSC markers CD24, CD44, CD66 and CD133 in tissue sections of urothelial carcinoma (all tumor grades and stages were included), urothelial carcinoma in situ and non-neoplastic urothelium, totally 218 specimens were enrolled. RESULTS All studied molecules were expressed either in tumor tissue and non-neoplastic urothelium. Urothelial carcinomas of higher tumor grade and stage expressed molecules CD24 and CD133 significantly more frequently whereas molecules CD44 and CD66 did not show significant association with tumor histopathological features. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that studied molecules are not suitable for direct detection of CSC in urothelial carcinoma tissue sections, but an expression of molecules CD24 and CD133 is significantly related to urothelial carcinoma grade and stage, which are both important prognostic indicators and therefore an expression of these markers might have a potential prognostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaromir Hacek
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Antonin Brisuda
- Department of Urology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Babjuk
- Department of Urology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Zamecnik
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
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27
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Abstract
In 2018 bladder cancer (urothelial carcinoma) was ranked twelfth concerning worldwide diagnosis of malignancies. At the time point of diagnosis of bladder cancer, approximately 75% of patients present with a nonmuscle-invasive disease (NMIBC), while the remaining 25% show invasion of tumor cells in the muscle layer of the bladder wall (MIBC). Among NMIBC tumors, flat, high-grade carcinoma in situ (CIS) is a therapeutic challenge. CIS shows a tendency to invade the muscle tissue of the bladder wall and thus become a MIBC. Standard therapy of NMIBC (including CIS) is done via intravesical instillation of BCG (bacillus Calmette Guerin) inducing a local immune reaction that finally promotes elimination of bladder cancer cells. However, BCG treatment of NMIBC proves to be ineffective in approximately 40% of patients. Therefore, new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of bladder cancer are urgently needed. Among promising new treatment options that are currently being investigated are the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors, and targeted approaches attacking (among others) long noncoding RNAs, micro RNAs, cancer stem cells, PARP1, and receptor signaling pathways. Moreover, the use of antibody-drug-conjugates (ADCs) is investigated also in bladder cancer therapy. Another approach that has been successfully established in preclinical studies uses the cytotoxic power of the alpha-emitter Bi-213 coupled to an antibody targeting EGFR. Overexpression of EGFR has been demonstrated in the majority of patients suffering from CIS. Feasibility, safety, toxicity and therapeutic efficacy of intravesical instillation of Bi-213-anti-EGFR have been evaluated in a pilot study. Since the results of the pilot study proved to be promising, a further optimization of alpha-emitter immunotherapy in bladder cancer seems mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christof Seidl
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany.
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28
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Schulz A, Gorodetska I, Behrendt R, Fuessel S, Erdmann K, Foerster S, Datta K, Mayr T, Dubrovska A, Muders MH. Linking NRP2 With EMT and Chemoradioresistance in Bladder Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 9:1461. [PMID: 32038994 PMCID: PMC6986262 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropilin-2 (NRP2) is a prognostic indicator for reduced survival in bladder cancer (BCa) patients. Together with its major ligand, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C, NRP2 expression is a predictive factor for treatment outcome in response to radiochemotherapy in BCa patients who underwent transurethral resection. Therefore, we investigated the benefit of combining cisplatin-based chemotherapy with irradiation treatment in the BCa cell line RT112 exhibiting or lacking endogenous NRP2 expression in order to evaluate NRP2 as potential therapeutic target. We have identified a high correlation of NRP2 and the glioma-associated oncogene family zinc finger 2 (GLI2) transcripts in the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) cohort of BCa patients and a panel of 15 human BCa cell lines. Furthermore, we used in vitro BCa models to show the transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGFβ1)-dependent regulation of NRP2 and GLI2 expression levels. Since NRP2 was shown to bind TGFβ1, associate with TGFβ receptors, and enhance TGFβ1 signaling, we evaluated downstream signaling pathways using an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-assay in combination with a PCR profiling array containing 84 genes related to EMT. Subsequent target validation in NRP2 knockout and knockdown models revealed secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1/OPN/Osteopontin) as a downstream target positively regulated by NRP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Schulz
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ielizaveta Gorodetska
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rayk Behrendt
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Immunology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Susanne Fuessel
- Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kati Erdmann
- Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sarah Foerster
- Rudolf Becker Laboratory for Prostate Cancer Research, Center of Pathology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kaustubh Datta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Thomas Mayr
- Rudolf Becker Laboratory for Prostate Cancer Research, Center of Pathology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anna Dubrovska
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology – OncoRay, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael H. Muders
- Rudolf Becker Laboratory for Prostate Cancer Research, Center of Pathology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
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29
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Abugomaa A, Elbadawy M, Yamawaki H, Usui T, Sasaki K. Emerging Roles of Cancer Stem Cells in Bladder Cancer Progression, Tumorigenesis, and Resistance to Chemotherapy: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Bladder Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:E235. [PMID: 31963556 PMCID: PMC7016964 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is a complex and highly heterogeneous stem cell disease associated with high morbidity and mortality rates if it is not treated properly. Early diagnosis with personalized therapy and regular follow-up are the keys to a successful outcome. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the leading power behind tumor growth, with the ability of self-renewal, metastasis, and resistance to conventional chemotherapy. The fast-developing CSC field with robust genome-wide screening methods has found a platform for establishing more reliable therapies to target tumor-initiating cell populations. However, the high heterogeneity of the CSCs in BC disease remains a large issue. Therefore, in the present review, we discuss the various types of bladder CSC heterogeneity, important regulatory pathways, roles in tumor progression and tumorigenesis, and the experimental culture models. Finally, we describe the current stem cell-based therapies for BC disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Abugomaa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; (A.A.); (M.E.); (K.S.)
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Dakahliya, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Elbadawy
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; (A.A.); (M.E.); (K.S.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh 13736, Elqaliobiya, Egypt
| | - Hideyuki Yamawaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan;
| | - Tatsuya Usui
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; (A.A.); (M.E.); (K.S.)
| | - Kazuaki Sasaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; (A.A.); (M.E.); (K.S.)
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30
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Cai Z, Zhang F, Chen W, Zhang J, Li H. miRNAs: A Promising Target in the Chemoresistance of Bladder Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:11805-11816. [PMID: 32099386 PMCID: PMC6997227 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s231489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is an important cancer treatment method. Tumor chemotherapy resistance is one of the main factors leading to tumor progression. Like other malignancies, bladder cancer, especially muscle-invasive bladder cancer, is prone to chemotherapy resistance. Additionally, only approximately 50% of muscle-invasive bladder cancer responds to cisplatin-based chemotherapy. miRNAs are a class of small, endogenous, noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level, which results in the inhibition of translation or the degradation of mRNA. In the study of miRNAs and cancer, including gastric cancer, prostate cancer, liver cancer, and colorectal cancer, it has been found that miRNAs can regulate the expression of genes related to tumor resistance, thereby promoting the progression of tumors. In bladder cancer, miRNAs are also closely related to chemotherapy resistance, suggesting that miRNAs can be a new therapeutic target for the chemotherapy resistance of bladder cancer. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of miRNAs in the chemotherapy resistance of bladder cancer is an important foundation for restoring the chemotherapy sensitivity of bladder cancer and improving the efficacy of chemotherapy and patient survival. In this article, we review the role of miRNAs in the development of chemotherapy-resistant bladder cancer and the various resistance mechanisms that involve apoptosis, the cell cycle, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and cancer stem cells (CSCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglin Cai
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fa Zhang
- Department of Urology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijie Chen
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzhong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjun Li
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Li Z, Hu J, Qin Z, Tao Y, Lai Z, Wang Q, Li T. High-dimensional single-cell proteomics analysis reveals the landscape of immune cells and stem-like cells in renal tumors. J Clin Lab Anal 2019; 34:e23155. [PMID: 31855296 PMCID: PMC7246380 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Renal tumors are highly heterogeneous, and identification of tumor heterogeneity is an urgent clinical need for effective treatment. Mass cytometry (MC) can be used to perform high‐dimensional single‐cell proteomics analysis of heterogeneous samples via cytometry by time‐of‐flight (CyTOF), in order to achieve more accurate observation and classification of phenotypes within a cell population. This study aimed to develop a high‐dimensional MC method for the detection and analysis of heterogeneity in renal tumors. Materials and Methods We collected tissue samples from 8 patients with different types of renal tumors. Single‐cell suspensions were prepared and stained using a panel of 28 immune cell‐centric antibodies and a panel of 21 stem‐like cell‐centric antibodies. The stained cells were detected using CyTOF. Result Renal tumors were divided into 25 immune cell subsets (4 CD4+ T cells, 7 CD8+ T cells, 1 B cells, 8 macrophages, 1 dendritic cells, 2 natural killer (NK) cells, 1 granulocyte, and 1 other subset) and 7 stem‐like cells subsets (based on positivity of vimentin, CD326, CD34, CD90, CD13, CD44, and CD47). Different types of renal tumors have different cell subsets with significantly different characteristics. Conclusion High‐dimensional single‐cell proteomics analysis using MC aids in the discovery and analysis of renal tumors heterogeneity. Additionally, it can be used to accurately classify the immune cell population and analyze the expression of stem cell‐related markers in renal tumors. Our findings provide a valuable resource for deciphering tumor heterogeneity and might improve the clinical management of patients with renal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijian Li
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jiaxin Hu
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhao Qin
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yuting Tao
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhiyong Lai
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi key laboratory for genomic and personalized medicine, Guangxi collaborative innovation center for genomic and personalized medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Qiuyan Wang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi key laboratory for genomic and personalized medicine, Guangxi collaborative innovation center for genomic and personalized medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Tianyu Li
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi key laboratory for genomic and personalized medicine, Guangxi collaborative innovation center for genomic and personalized medicine, Nanning, China.,Department of Urology and Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Targeting Cancer Stem Cells: A Strategy for Effective Eradication of Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11050732. [PMID: 31137841 PMCID: PMC6562442 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are subpopulations of tumor cells with the ability to self-renew, differentiate, and initiate and maintain tumor growth, and they are considered to be the main drivers of intra- and inter-tumoral heterogeneity. While conventional chemotherapy can eradicate the majority of non-CSC tumor cells, CSCs are often drug-resistant, leading to tumor recurrence and metastasis. The heterogeneity of CSCs is the main challenge in developing CSC-targeting therapy; therefore, we and other investigators have focused on developing novel therapeutic strategies that combine conventional chemotherapy with inhibitors of CSC-regulating pathways. Encouraging preclinical findings have suggested that CSC pathway blockade can indeed enhance cellular sensitivity to non-targeted conventional therapy, and this work has led to several ongoing clinical trials of CSC pathway inhibitors. Our studies in bladder cancer and lung adenocarcinoma have demonstrated a crucial role of YAP1, a transcriptional regulator of genes that promote cell survival and proliferation, in regulating CSC phenotypes. Moreover, using cell lines and patient-derived xenograft models, we showed that inhibition of YAP1 enhances the efficacy of conventional therapies by attenuating CSC stemness features. In this review, we summarize the therapeutic strategies for targeting CSCs in several cancers and discuss the potential and challenges of the approach.
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Jung M, Lee JH, Kim B, Park JH, Moon KC. Transcriptional Analysis of Immunohistochemically Defined Subgroups of Non-Muscle-Invasive Papillary High-Grade Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E570. [PMID: 30699951 PMCID: PMC6386996 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for CK5/6 and CK20 was reported to be correlated with the prognosis of early urothelial carcinoma in a way contrary to that of advanced tumors for unknown reasons. We aimed to characterize the gene expression profiles of subgroups of non-muscle-invasive papillary high-grade upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) classified by CK5/6 and CK20 expression levels: group 1 (CK5/6-high/CK20-low), group 2 (CK5/6-high/CK20-high), and group 3 (CK5/6-low/CK20-high). Expression of group 3 was predictive of worse prognosis of non-muscle-invasive papillary high-grade UTUC. Transcriptional analysis revealed 308 differentially expressed genes across the subgroups. Functional analyses of the genes identified cell adhesion as a common process differentially enriched in group 3 compared to the other groups, which could explain its high-risk phenotype. Late cell cycle/proliferation signatures were also enriched in group 3 and in some of the other groups, which may be used as a prognostic biomarker complementary to CK5/6 and CK20. Group 2, characterized by low levels of genes associated with mitogen-activated protein kinase and tumor necrosis factor signaling pathways, was hypothesized to represent the least cancerous subtype considering its normal urothelium-like IHC pattern. This study would facilitate the application of easily accessible prognostic biomarkers in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsun Jung
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| | - Jeong Hoon Lee
- Seoul National University Biomedical Informatics (SNUBI), Division of Biomedical Informatics and Systems Biomedical Informatics National Core Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| | - Bohyun Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| | - Jeong Hwan Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.
- Department of Pathology, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| | - Kyung Chul Moon
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.
- Kidney Research Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.
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Zhao AY, Dai YJ, Lian JF, Huang Y, Lin JG, Dai YB, Xu TW. YAP regulates ALDH1A1 expression and stem cell property of bladder cancer cells. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:6657-6663. [PMID: 30349299 PMCID: PMC6188067 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s170858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Yes-associated protein (YAP), a key player of the Hippo pathway, has been identified to have more and more important roles in tumorigenesis and may be an important biomarker for cancer therapy. YAP is important for bladder cancer cell migration, metastasis, and drug resistance; however, its function in bladder cancer stem cells remains unknown. Purpose The aim of this work was to examine the expression and role of YAP in bladder cancer stem cells. Materials and methods We identified that the expression level of YAP was significantly enriched in bladder cancer stem cells compared to noncancer stem cell population. Moreover, the effect of YAP on stem cell self-renewal was examined in bladder cancer cells by siRNA silencing approach. In addition, we showed that YAP is required for aldehyde dehydrogenase activity in bladder cancer cells. Results RNAseq analysis and quantitative real-time PCR results showed that silencing of YAP inhibited the expression of ALDH1A1 gene. Conclusion Collectively, our findings for the first time elucidated that YAP serves as a cancer stem cell regulator in bladder cancer, which provided a promising therapy strategy for patients with bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Yue Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China,
| | - Yi-Jun Dai
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China,
| | - Jian-Feng Lian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Quanzhou Children's Hospital, Quanzhou 362000, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China,
| | - Jian-Guang Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China,
| | - Yang-Bin Dai
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China,
| | - Tian-Wen Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China,
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Tong D, Liu Q, Wang LA, Xie Q, Pang J, Huang Y, Wang L, Liu G, Zhang D, Lan W, Jiang J. The roles of the COX2/PGE2/EP axis in therapeutic resistance. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2018; 37:355-368. [DOI: 10.1007/s10555-018-9752-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Bellmunt J. Stem-Like Signature Predicting Disease Progression in Early Stage Bladder Cancer. The Role of E2F3 and SOX4. Biomedicines 2018; 6:biomedicines6030085. [PMID: 30072631 PMCID: PMC6164884 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines6030085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid development of the cancer stem cells (CSC) field, together with powerful genome-wide screening techniques, have provided the basis for the development of future alternative and reliable therapies aimed at targeting tumor-initiating cell populations. Urothelial bladder cancer stem cells (BCSCs) that were identified for the first time in 2009 are heterogenous and originate from multiple cell types; including urothelial stem cells and differentiated cell types—basal, intermediate stratum and umbrella cells Some studies hypothesize that BCSCs do not necessarily arise from normal stem cells but might derive from differentiated progenies following mutational insults and acquisition of tumorigenic properties. Conversely, there is data that normal bladder tissues can generate CSCs through mutations. Prognostic risk stratification by identification of predictive markers is of major importance in the management of urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC) patients. Several stem cell markers have been linked to recurrence or progression. The CD44v8-10 to standard CD44-ratio (total ratio of all CD44 alternative splicing isoforms) in urothelial cancer has been shown to be closely associated with tumor progression and aggressiveness. ALDH1, has also been reported to be associated with BCSCs and a worse prognosis in a large number of studies. UCC include low-grade and high-grade non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and high-grade muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Important genetic defects characterize the distinct pathways in each one of the stages and probably grades. As an example, amplification of chromosome 6p22 is one of the most frequent changes seen in MIBC and might act as an early event in tumor progression. Interestingly, among NMIBC there is a much higher rate of amplification in high-grade NMIBC compared to low grade NMIBC. CDKAL1, E2F3 and SOX4 are highly expressed in patients with the chromosomal 6p22 amplification aside from other six well known genes (ID4, MBOAT1, LINC00340, PRL, and HDGFL1). Based on that, SOX4, E2F3 or 6q22.3 amplifications might represent potential targets in this tumor type. Focusing more in SOX4, it seems to exert its critical regulatory functions upstream of the Snail, Zeb, and Twist family of transcriptional inducers of EMT (epithelial–mesenchymal transition), but without directly affecting their expression as seen in several cell lines of the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) project. SOX4 gene expression correlates with advanced cancer stages and poor survival rate in bladder cancer, supporting a potential role as a regulator of the bladder CSC properties. SOX4 might serve as a biomarker of the aggressive phenotype, also underlying progression from NMIBC to MIBC. The amplicon in chromosome 6 contains SOX4 and E2F3 and is frequently found amplified in bladder cancer. These genes/amplicons might be a potential target for therapy. As an existing hypothesis is that chromatin deregulation through enhancers or super-enhancers might be the underlying mechanism responsible of this deregulation, a potential way to target these transcription factors could be through epigenetic modifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquim Bellmunt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital del Mar, IMIM (PSMAR-Hospital del Mar Research Institute), 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Belgorosky D, Fernández-Cabada T, Peñaherrera-Pazmiño AB, Langle Y, Booth R, Bhansali S, Pérez MS, Eiján AM, Lerner B. Analysis of tumoral spheres growing in a multichamber microfluidic device. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:6327-6336. [PMID: 29574936 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Lab on a Chip (LOC) farming systems have emerged as a powerful tool for single cell studies combined with a non-adherent cell culture substrate and single cell capture chips for the study of single cell derived tumor spheres. Cancer is characterized by its cellular heterogeneity where only a small population of cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for tumor metastases and recurrences. Thus, the in vitro strategy to the formation of a single cell-derived sphere is an attractive alternative to identify CSCs. In this study, we test the effectiveness of microdevices for analysis of heterogeneity within CSC populations and its interaction with different components of the extracellular matrix. CSC could be identify using specific markers related to its pluripotency and self-renewal characteristics such as the transcription factor Oct-4 or the surface protein CD44. The results confirm the usefulness of LOC as an effective method for quantification of CSC, through the formation of spheres under conditions of low adhesion or growing on components of the extracellular matrix. The device used is also a good alternative for evaluating the individual growth of each sphere and further identification of these CSC markers by immunofluorescence. In conclusion, LOC devices have not only the already known advantages, but they are also a promising tool since they use small amounts of reagents and are under specific culture parameters. LOC devices could be considered as a novel technology to be used as a complement or replacement of traditional studies on culture plates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Belgorosky
- Instituto de Oncología Angel H. Roffo, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Fellow at Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tamara Fernández-Cabada
- Fellow at Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Universidad Tecnológica Nacional (UTN), Facultad Regional de Haedo, Paris, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Belén Peñaherrera-Pazmiño
- Fellow at Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Universidad Tecnológica Nacional (UTN), Facultad Regional de Haedo, Paris, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Yanina Langle
- Instituto de Oncología Angel H. Roffo, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ross Booth
- Millipore Sigma Corporation, Hayward, California
| | - Shekhar Bhansali
- Bio-MEMS and Microsystem Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Maximiliano S Pérez
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional (UTN), Facultad Regional de Haedo, Paris, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Ingeniería Biomédica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Buenos Aires, (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Member at Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana María Eiján
- Instituto de Oncología Angel H. Roffo, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Member at Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Betiana Lerner
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional (UTN), Facultad Regional de Haedo, Paris, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Ingeniería Biomédica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Buenos Aires, (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Member at Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Phi LTH, Sari IN, Yang YG, Lee SH, Jun N, Kim KS, Lee YK, Kwon HY. Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) in Drug Resistance and their Therapeutic Implications in Cancer Treatment. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:5416923. [PMID: 29681949 PMCID: PMC5850899 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5416923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 564] [Impact Index Per Article: 94.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs), also known as tumor-initiating cells (TICs), are suggested to be responsible for drug resistance and cancer relapse due in part to their ability to self-renew themselves and differentiate into heterogeneous lineages of cancer cells. Thus, it is important to understand the characteristics and mechanisms by which CSCs display resistance to therapeutic agents. In this review, we highlight the key features and mechanisms that regulate CSC function in drug resistance as well as recent breakthroughs of therapeutic approaches for targeting CSCs. This promises new insights of CSCs in drug resistance and provides better therapeutic rationales to accompany novel anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Thi Hanh Phi
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ita Novita Sari
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ying-Gui Yang
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Lee
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Nayoung Jun
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Seock Kim
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Kyung Lee
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyog Young Kwon
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
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