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Zhu S, Chen X, Xia S, Li Q, Ye Z, Zhao S, Liu K, Liu F. Hexamerin and allergen are required for female reproduction in the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana. INSECT SCIENCE 2024; 31:186-200. [PMID: 37327125 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Reproduction is of great importance for the continuation of the species. In insects, the fat body is the major tissue for nutrient storage and involved in vitellogenesis, which is essential for female reproduction. Here, 2 proteins, hexamerin and allergen, were separated from the fat bodies of adult female American cockroaches (Periplaneta americana) and identified as storage proteins, encoding for 733 amino acids with molecular weight of 87.88 kDa and 686 amino acids with molecular weight of 82.18 kDa, respectively. The encoding genes of these 2 storage proteins are mainly expressed in the fat body. RNA interference-mediated knockdown of Hexamerin and Allergen in the early stage of the first reproductive cycle in females suppressed vitellogenesis and ovarian maturation, indicating that these storage proteins are involved in controlling reproduction. Importantly, the expression of Hexamerin and Allergen was repressed by knockdown of the juvenile hormone (JH) receptor gene Met and the primary response gene Kr-h1, and was induced by methoprene, a JH analog, in both in vivo and in vitro experiments. Altogether, we have determined that hexamerin and allergen are identified as storage proteins and play an important role in promoting female reproduction in the American cockroach. The expression of their encoding genes is induced by JH signaling. Our data reveal a novel mechanism by which hexamerin and allergen are necessary for JH-stimulated female reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiming Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangmeiyuan R&D Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, South China Normal University, Meizhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyi Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sishi Xia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziqi Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoting Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kexin Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangfang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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Ouyang G, Qian H, Sun J, Yang R, Gui T, Wang W, Liu Q, Chen A. Proteomics Analysis to Explore the Resistance Genes of Silkworm to Bombyx mori Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus. Genes (Basel) 2023; 15:59. [PMID: 38254949 PMCID: PMC10815149 DOI: 10.3390/genes15010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The resistance of silkworms to Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (BmNPV) is controlled by a major dominant gene and multiple modifying genes. Given the presence of modified genes, it is difficult to determine the main gene by positional cloning. In this study, the main anti-BmNPV gene of BmNPV-resistant silkworm variety N was introduced into the susceptible variety Su to breed the near-isogenic line SuN with BmNPV resistance. The infection process of BmNPV in the hemolymph of Su and SuN was analyzed using the cell analysis system TissueFAXS PLUS. According to the law of infection and proliferation, hemolymph was extracted every 6 h for two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) analysis and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Seven DEPs were found in comparisons between Su and SuN by 2-DE analysis. Among them, acid phosphatase, storage protein, and phenoloxidase can prevent pathogen invasion, which may play a role against BmNPV. Polyamine oxidase plays an important role in energy metabolism, which may be indirectly involved in the process of resisting BmNPV. Most of the transcriptional expression profiles of the seven DEPs were consistent with the 2-DE results. This study can provide a reference for the identification of anti-BmNPV genes and the breeding of BmNPV-resistant silkworm varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui Ouyang
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Heying Qian
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
- Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212018, China
| | - Juan Sun
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Runhuan Yang
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Tao Gui
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Wenbing Wang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Key Sericultural Laboratory of Shaanxi, Ankang University, Ankang 725000, China
| | - Anli Chen
- Key Sericultural Laboratory of Shaanxi, Ankang University, Ankang 725000, China
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Yan J, Xue Z, Dong H, Pang J, Liu H, Gong J, Xia Q, Hou Y. Nutrition regulates the expression of storage proteins in Bombyx mori via insulin-like/FoxO signaling pathway. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 149:103847. [PMID: 36155801 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2022.103847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Insect serum proteins, also termed storage proteins (SPs), are hexamer proteins that form amino acid reservoirs important for the development of pupae and embryos in most insects. In this study, we investigated the SP genes expression and regulation pathways in silkworms (Bombyx mori). We observed that B. mori SPs (BmSPs) in the fat body of larvae were strongly decreased by starvation, suggesting they respond to nutrition deprivation. Further, we examined the relationship between BmSP expression and the insulin-like signaling pathway (ILS) to study the regulation of BmSPs expression. The results showed that insulin up-regulated the expression of BmSPs, but an inhibitor of the ILS pathway protein PI3K downregulated the expression of BmSPs in B. mori larvae. Similar results were observed in cultured fat body in vitro and BmE cells. We then over-expressed FoxO, an ILS transcriptional factor, in BmE cells and B. mori larvae to further verify the regulatory role of ILS on expression of BmSPs and found BmFoxO negatively regulates the expression of BmSPs in both BmE cells and larvae. Moreover, BmFoxO was dephosphorylated and translocated from the cytoplasm to the nucleus under starvation treatment. Finally, an element on -2627-2644 bp upstream of the transcription start site of BmSP1 was identified as the binding site of BmFoxO by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and verified by chromatin immunoprecipitation. In summary, our results indicate that nutrient uptake triggers the expression of BmSPs via the ILS/FoxO signaling pathway. This study provides a reference for further study on the expression and regulation of insect SP genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China; Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zhao Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China; Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Haonan Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China; Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jiaxin Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China; Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Huawei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China; Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jing Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Qingyou Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China; Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericulture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Yong Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China; Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericulture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.
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Sun Z, Ma Y, Liu Y, Lv J, Wang D, You Z, Jiang C, Sheng Q, Nie Z. The Acetylation Modification of SP1 Regulates the Protein Stability in Silkworm. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 194:1621-1635. [PMID: 34826090 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03757-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Acetylation is a highly conservative and reversible post-translational modification. Acetylation modification can regulate gene expression by altering protein function and is widely identified in an increasing number of species. Previously, the acetylated proteome of silkworm was identified by combining acetylated polypeptide enrichment with nano-HPLC/MS/MS; the identification revealed that the SP proteins (SPs) were high acetylated. In this study, the acetylation of SP1, one of the SPs, was further confirmed using immunoprecipitation (IP) and Western blotting. Then, we found the acetylation could upregulate SP1 protein expression by enhancing the protein stability. Further research found that the acetylation of SP1 protein can competitively inhibit its ubiquitination and thus improve the stability and cell accumulation of SP1 protein by inhibiting the ubiquitin-mediated proteasome degradation pathway. This result provides a basis for acetylation to regulate the nutrient storage and utilization of silkworm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Sun
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Yafei Ma
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Zhejiang Economic & Trade Polytechnic, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Jiao Lv
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Dan Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Zhengying You
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Caiying Jiang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Qing Sheng
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Zuoming Nie
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
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Geng T, Lu F, Zhu F, Wang S. Lineage-specific gene evolution of innate immunity in Bombyx mori to adapt to challenge by pathogens, especially entomopathogenic fungi. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 123:104171. [PMID: 34118279 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bombyx mori is a model species of Lepidoptera, in which 21 gene families and 220 genes have been identified as involved in immunity. However, only 45 B. mori - Drosophila melanogaster - Anopheles gambiae - Apis mellifera - Tribolium castaneum 1:1:1:1:1 orthologous genes were identified. B. mori has unique immune factors not found in D. melanogaster - A. gambiae - A. mellifera - T. castaneum. Pattern recognition receptors, signal transducers and effector genes for antifungal immune responses in B. mori have evolved through expansion and modification of existing genes. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the antifungal immune responses of B. mori and focuses on the lineage-specific gene evolution used by Lepidoptera to adapt to the challenge by pathogens, especially entomopathogenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Geng
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China; Sericulture Research Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China.
| | - Fuping Lu
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China; Sericulture Research Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China.
| | - Feng Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, 277160, China.
| | - Shuchang Wang
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China; Sericulture Research Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China.
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Qin S, Zhang S, Sun X, Kong Y, Hou C, Li M. Transcriptome reveal the response to Cry1Ac toxin in susceptible Bombyx mori. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 107:e21794. [PMID: 33948968 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bombyx mori as a representative in Lepidoptera is an important economic insect in agriculture production. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a bacterial pathogen in silkworm production. Understanding how silkworm respond to Bt-toxin can provide guidance to cultivate resistant silkworm strains. Cry1Ac is one type of Bt-toxin. In current research, Dazao, a susceptible B. mori strain to Bt-toxin, was treated by Cry1Ac toxin and compared its transcriptome with untreated samples. This analysis detected 1234 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Gene Ontology, KEGG, and UniProt keyword enrichment analysis showed that DEGs include ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter, stress response, cuticle, and protein synthesis, and folding process. Five ABC genes were upregulated after Cry1Ac treatment including ABCA2, ABCA3, and ABCC4. They are also known as the transporters of Bt-toxin in lepidopteran insect. Expression of cuticle proteins was significantly increased at 6 h after Cry1Ac treatment. Sex-specific storage-proteins and heat shock protein were also upregulated in Cry1Ac treated samples. Our data provide an expression profile about the response of Cry1Ac toxin in susceptible B. mori strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Qin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- The Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xia Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- The Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunhui Kong
- The Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chengxiang Hou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- The Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Muwang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- The Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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Zhu F, Li D, Song D, Huo S, Ma S, Lü P, Liu X, Yao Q, Chen K. Glycoproteome in silkworm Bombyx mori and alteration by BmCPV infection. J Proteomics 2020; 222:103802. [PMID: 32360640 PMCID: PMC7194664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The biological functions of protein glycosylation have been increasingly recognized but not yet been very well understood, especially in lower organisms. Silkworm as a model lepidopteran insect and important economic insect, has been widely studied in life science, however, the current knowledge on the glycosylation status of its proteome is not satisfactory, and little is known about how pathogenic infections could affect the glycosylation status. This study performed large scale glycosite mapping for the silkworm Bombyx mori P50 strain, and quantitatively compared with that infected with the Bombyx mori cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (BmCPV). Some 400 glycoproteins were mapped in the silkworm, including N- and O-glycoproteins. Upon virus infection, the glycosylation levels of 41 N-glycopeptides were significantly changed, some of them belonging to transmembrane glycoproteins. The O-glycosylation profiles were also affected. In addition, 4 BmCPV-encoded viral proteins were found to be glycosylated for the first time, including polyhedrin, P101, VP3, and the NS protein. This study drafted a silkworm protein glycosylation map and underlined the potential impact of virus infection on glycosylation. SIGNIFICANCE: This study reveals the characteristics of the glycoproteome in the silkworm strain P50, and quantitatively compared to that infected by the virus BmCPV, which underlines the impact of virus infection on the alteration of protein glycosylation in invertebrate species. Our findings add to the knowledge of the post translational modifications of this model organism, and also uncovered for the first time the glycosylation status of the viral proteins expressed by BmCPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Zhu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Dong Li
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Dandan Song
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Shuhao Huo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Shangshang Ma
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Peng Lü
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xiaoyong Liu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Qin Yao
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Keping Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
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