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Salter BM, Ju X, Sehmi R. Eosinophil Lineage-Committed Progenitors as a Therapeutic Target for Asthma. Cells 2021; 10:412. [PMID: 33669458 PMCID: PMC7920418 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophilic asthma is the most prevalent phenotype of asthma. Although most asthmatics are adequately controlled by corticosteroid therapy, a subset (5-10%) remain uncontrolled with significant therapy-related side effects. This indicates the need for a consideration of alternative treatment strategies that target airway eosinophilia with corticosteroid-sparing benefits. A growing body of evidence shows that a balance between systemic differentiation and local tissue eosinophilopoietic processes driven by traffic and lung homing of bone marrow-derived hemopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) are important components for the development of airway eosinophilia in asthma. Interleukin (IL)-5 is considered a critical and selective driver of terminal differentiation of eosinophils. Studies targeting IL-5 or IL-5R show that although mature and immature eosinophils are decreased within the airways, there is incomplete ablation, particularly within the bronchial tissue. Eotaxin is a chemoattractant for mature eosinophils and eosinophil-lineage committed progenitor cells (EoP), yet anti-CCR3 studies did not yield meaningful clinical outcomes. Recent studies highlight the role of epithelial cell-derived alarmin cytokines, IL-33 and TSLP, (Thymic stromal lymphopoietin) in progenitor cell traffic and local differentiative processes. This review provides an overview of the role of EoP in asthma and discusses findings from clinical trials with various therapeutic targets. We will show that targeting single mediators downstream of the inflammatory cascade may not fully attenuate tissue eosinophilia due to the multiplicity of factors that can promote tissue eosinophilia. Blocking lung homing and local eosinophilopoiesis through mediators upstream of this cascade may yield greater improvement in clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Roma Sehmi
- CardioRespiratory Research Group, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; (B.M.S.); (X.J.)
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Cheng Y, Li S, Wang M, Cheng C, Liu R. Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor gamma (PPARγ) Agonist Rosiglitazone Ameliorate Airway Inflammation by Inhibiting Toll-Like Receptor 2 (TLR2)/Nod-Like Receptor with Pyrin Domain Containing 3 (NLRP3) Inflammatory Corpuscle Activation in Asthmatic Mice. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:9045-9053. [PMID: 30544130 PMCID: PMC6301258 DOI: 10.12659/msm.910766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to explore the function and mechanism of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor agonist (PPARγ) in the toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)/nod-like receptor with pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammatory corpuscle pathway of asthmatic mice. MATERIAL AND METHODS Eighteen female mice (C57) were randomly divided into 4 groups: the control group, the asthma model group challenged by ovalbumin (OVA), the rosiglitazone group, and the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone treatment group. The infiltration of peribronchial inflammatory cells as well as the proliferation and mucus secretion of bronchial epithelial goblet cells were observed by hematoxylin and eosin and periodic acid-Schiff staining. Western blots were employed to detect the expression levels of TLR2, PPARγ, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB), NLRP3, and ASC [apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing C-terminal caspase recruitment domain [CARD]). RESULTS The number of inflammatory cells and eosinophils, and the levels of OVAs IgE, interleukin-4 (IL-4), and IL-13 were significantly higher in the C57 asthma group compared to the C57 control group and the treatment group (P<0.05). The infiltration of peribronchiolar inflammatory cells, wall thickening, goblet cell hyperplasia, and mucus secretion in the treatment group were all significantly decreased compared to those in the asthma group. PPARg expression in the treatment group was significantly higher compared to the asthma group and the control group (P<0.05). The protein expression levels of TLR2, NF-kappaB, NLRP3, and ASC were significantly lower compared to the asthma group but were higher compared to the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS PPARγ rosiglitazone ameliorates airway inflammation by inhibiting NF-kappaB expression in asthmatic mice, and further inhibits the activation of TLR2/NLRP3 inflammatory corpuscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinzhi Cheng
- Department of Pulmonary, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical University of Anhui, Anhui Geriatrics Research Institute, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Shuai Li
- Department of Pulmonary, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical University of Anhui, Anhui Geriatrics Research Institute, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Muzi Wang
- Department of Pulmonary, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical University of Anhui, Anhui Geriatrics Research Institute, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Department of Pulmonary, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical University of Anhui, Anhui Geriatrics Research Institute, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Rongyu Liu
- Department of Pulmonary, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical University of Anhui, Anhui Geriatrics Research Institute, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
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Schierle S, Flauaus C, Heitel P, Willems S, Schmidt J, Kaiser A, Weizel L, Goebel T, Kahnt AS, Geisslinger G, Steinhilber D, Wurglics M, Rovati GE, Schmidtko A, Proschak E, Merk D. Boosting Anti-Inflammatory Potency of Zafirlukast by Designed Polypharmacology. J Med Chem 2018; 61:5758-5764. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Schierle
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Cathrin Flauaus
- Institute of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Pascal Heitel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sabine Willems
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jurema Schmidt
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Astrid Kaiser
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lilia Weizel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Tamara Goebel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Astrid S. Kahnt
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dieter Steinhilber
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Mario Wurglics
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - G. Enrico Rovati
- Institute of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milan, Via Balzaretti 9, I-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Achim Schmidtko
- Institute of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ewgenij Proschak
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Daniel Merk
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
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Salter BMA, Smith SG, Mukherjee M, Plante S, Krisna S, Nusca G, Oliveria JP, Irshad A, Gauvreau GM, Chakir J, Nair P, Sehmi R. Human Bronchial Epithelial Cell-derived Factors from Severe Asthmatic Subjects Stimulate Eosinophil Differentiation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2018; 58:99-106. [PMID: 28853918 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2016-0262oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Activated bronchial epithelial cells (BEC) release various alarmins, including thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), that drive type 2 inflammation. We hypothesize that BEC-derived factors promote in situ eosinophil differentiation and maturation, a process that is driven by an IL-5-rich microenvironment in asthmatic airways. To assess the eosinophilopoietic potential of epithelial-derived factors, eosinophil/basophil colony forming units (Eo/B-CFU) were enumerated in 14-day methylcellulose cultures of blood-derived nonadherent mononuclear cells incubated with BEC supernatants (BECSN) from healthy nonatopic controls (n = 8), mild atopic asthmatics (n = 9), and severe asthmatics (n = 5). Receptor-blocking antibodies were used to evaluate the contribution of alarmins. Modulation of the mRNA expression of transcription factors that are crucial for eosinophil differentiation was evaluated. BECSN stimulated the clonogenic expansion of eosinophil progenitors in vitro. In the presence of IL-5, Eo/B-CFU numbers were significantly greater in cocultures of BESCN from severe asthmatics compared with other groups. This was attenuated in the presence of a TSLP (but not an IL-33) receptor-blocking antibody. Recombinant human TSLP (optimal at 100 pg/ml) stimulated Eo/B-CFU growth, which was significantly enhanced in the presence of IL-5 (1 ng/ml). Overnight culture of CD34+ cells with IL-5 and TSLP synergistically increased GATA-binding factor 2 and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α mRNA expression. The eosinophilopoietic potential of factors derived from BEC is increased in severe asthma. Our data suggest that TSLP is a key alarmin that is produced by BECs and promotes in situ eosinophilopoiesis in a type 2-rich microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany M A Salter
- 1 Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Steven G Smith
- 1 Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Manali Mukherjee
- 1 Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Sophie Plante
- 2 Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Sakktee Krisna
- 1 Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Graeme Nusca
- 1 Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - John Paul Oliveria
- 1 Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Anam Irshad
- 1 Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Gail M Gauvreau
- 1 Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Jamila Chakir
- 2 Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Parameswaran Nair
- 1 Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Roma Sehmi
- 1 Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; and
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Passalacqua G, Matucci A, Vultaggio A, Bagnasco D, Mincarini M, Maggi E, Canonica GW. The safety of monoclonal antibodies in asthma. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2017; 15:1087-95. [PMID: 27215447 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2016.1186641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the last two decades the knowledge of the mechanisms of the inflammatory processes underlying asthma rapidly evolved, several key mediators (cytokines and receptors) were identified, and the laboratory techniques have allowed us to synthesize monoclonal antibodies highly specific for those target molecules. Nowadays, many biological agents are investigated in asthma (with anti IgE being the only commercially available). The clinical efficacy of some biologics was demonstrated in many cases, however, the safety issue has progressively emerged and has been recognized as a crucial aspect. AREAS COVERED We summarized the currently available knowledge on the safety and side effects of biologics in asthma, as derived by reviews, meta analyses and clinical trials. PubMed was searched with the terms anti IL-x [AND] safety [OR] side effects, within the categories "clinical trial", meta-analysis" and "review". Case reports were excluded. The authors collegially selected the relevant entries to be included. EXPERT OPINION Overall, the safety of most of the investigated agents seems to be satisfactory, a certain risk of side effects remains present, and is variable for the different molecules. Thus caution must be paid in evaluating the risk to benefit ratio. Specific biomarkers to predict the response to each biological are urgently needed to improve the safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Passalacqua
- a Allergy and Respiratory Diseases , IRCCS San Martino, IST, University of Genoa , Genova , Italy
| | - Andrea Matucci
- b Immunoallergology Unit , AOU Careggi, University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| | - Alessandra Vultaggio
- b Immunoallergology Unit , AOU Careggi, University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| | - Diego Bagnasco
- a Allergy and Respiratory Diseases , IRCCS San Martino, IST, University of Genoa , Genova , Italy
| | - Marcello Mincarini
- a Allergy and Respiratory Diseases , IRCCS San Martino, IST, University of Genoa , Genova , Italy
| | - Enrico Maggi
- c Centre of Excellence DENOTHE, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine , University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| | - Giorgio Walter Canonica
- a Allergy and Respiratory Diseases , IRCCS San Martino, IST, University of Genoa , Genova , Italy
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Xu Y, Romero R, Miller D, Kadam L, Mial TN, Plazyo O, Garcia-Flores V, Hassan SS, Xu Z, Tarca AL, Drewlo S, Gomez-Lopez N. An M1-like Macrophage Polarization in Decidual Tissue during Spontaneous Preterm Labor That Is Attenuated by Rosiglitazone Treatment. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2016; 196:2476-2491. [PMID: 26889045 PMCID: PMC4779725 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Decidual macrophages are implicated in the local inflammatory response that accompanies spontaneous preterm labor/birth; however, their role is poorly understood. We hypothesized that decidual macrophages undergo a proinflammatory (M1) polarization during spontaneous preterm labor and that PPARγ activation via rosiglitazone (RSG) would attenuate the macrophage-mediated inflammatory response, preventing preterm birth. In this study, we show that: 1) decidual macrophages undergo an M1-like polarization during spontaneous term and preterm labor; 2) anti-inflammatory (M2)-like macrophages are more abundant than M1-like macrophages in decidual tissue; 3) decidual M2-like macrophages are reduced in preterm pregnancies compared with term pregnancies, regardless of the presence of labor; 4) decidual macrophages express high levels of TNF and IL-12 but low levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) during spontaneous preterm labor; 5) decidual macrophages from women who underwent spontaneous preterm labor display plasticity by M1↔M2 polarization in vitro; 6) incubation with RSG reduces the expression of TNF and IL-12 in decidual macrophages from women who underwent spontaneous preterm labor; and 7) treatment with RSG reduces the rate of LPS-induced preterm birth and improves neonatal outcomes by reducing the systemic proinflammatory response and downregulating mRNA and protein expression of NF-κB, TNF, and IL-10 in decidual and myometrial macrophages in C57BL/6J mice. In summary, we demonstrated that decidual M1-like macrophages are associated with spontaneous preterm labor and that PPARγ activation via RSG can attenuate the macrophage-mediated proinflammatory response, preventing preterm birth and improving neonatal outcomes. These findings suggest that the PPARγ pathway is a new molecular target for future preventative strategies for spontaneous preterm labor/birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xu
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Derek Miller
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Leena Kadam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Tara N. Mial
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Olesya Plazyo
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Valeria Garcia-Flores
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Sonia S. Hassan
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Zhonghui Xu
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Adi L. Tarca
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Sascha Drewlo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Nardhy Gomez-Lopez
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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