1
|
Salman S, Guermonprez C, Peno-Mazzarino L, Lati E, Rousseaud A, Declercq L, Kerdine-Römer S. Photobiomodulation Controls Keratinocytes Inflammatory Response through Nrf2 and Reduces Langerhans Cells Activation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030766. [PMID: 36979014 PMCID: PMC10045240 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Photobiomodulation (PBM) is rapidly gaining traction as a valuable tool in dermatology for treating many inflammatory skin conditions using low levels of visible light or near-infrared radiation. However, the physiological regulatory pathways responsible for the anti-inflammatory effect of PBM have not been well defined. Since previous studies showed that nuclear factor-erythroid 2 like 2 (Nrf2) is a master regulator of the skin inflammatory response, we have addressed its role in controlling inflammation by PBM. Primary human keratinocytes (KCs) stimulated with 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) to mimic pro-inflammatory stress were illuminated with two wavelengths: 660 nm or 520 nm. Both lights significantly reduced the mRNA expression of the DNCB-triggered TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 cytokines in KCs, while they enhanced Nrf2 pathway activation. PBM-induced Nrf2 is a key regulator of the inflammatory response in KCs since its absence abolished the regulatory effect of light on cytokines production. Further investigations of the mechanisms contributing to the immunoregulatory effect of PBM in inflamed human skin explants showed that 660 nm light prevented Langerhans cells migration into the dermis, preserving their dendricity, and decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine production compared to the DNCB-treated group. This study is the first to report that the PBM-mediated anti-inflammatory response in KCs is Nrf2-dependent and further support the role of PBM in skin immunomodulation. Therefore, PBM should be considered a promising alternative or complementary therapeutic approach for treating skin-related inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Salman
- Inserm, Inflammation Microbiome Immunosurveillance, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
- Lightinderm, Pépinière Paris Santé Cochin, Hôpital Cochin, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Cyprien Guermonprez
- Lightinderm, Pépinière Paris Santé Cochin, Hôpital Cochin, 75014 Paris, France
| | | | - Elian Lati
- Laboratoire BIO-EC, 91160 Longjumeau, France
| | - Audrey Rousseaud
- Lightinderm, Pépinière Paris Santé Cochin, Hôpital Cochin, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Lieve Declercq
- Lightinderm, Pépinière Paris Santé Cochin, Hôpital Cochin, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Saadia Kerdine-Römer
- Inserm, Inflammation Microbiome Immunosurveillance, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
De La Cruz Diaz JS, Hirai T, Anh-Thu Nguyen B, Zenke Y, Yang Y, Li H, Nishimura S, Kaplan DH. TNF-α and IL-1β Do Not Induce Langerhans Cell Migration by Inhibiting TGFβ Activation. JID INNOVATIONS 2021; 1:100028. [PMID: 34909727 PMCID: PMC8659779 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2021.100028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the skin, Langerhans cells (LCs) require autocrine latent TGFβ that is transactivated by the integrins ανβ6 and ανβ8 expressed by keratinocytes (KCs) for long-term epidermal retention. Selective expression of a ligand-independent, constitutively active form of TGFβR1 inhibits LC migration during homeostasis and in response to UVB exposure. In this study, we found that LC migration in response to inflammatory stimuli was also inhibited by ligand-independent TGFβR1 signaling. Contrary to UVB stimulation, which reduced KC expression of ανβ6, in vitro and in vivo exposure to TNF-α or IL-1β increased ανβ6 transcript and protein expression by KCs. This resulted in increased KC-mediated transactivation of latent TGFβ. Expression of ανβ8 was largely unchanged. These findings show that ligand-independent TGFβR1 signaling in LCs can overcome inflammatory migration stimuli, but reduced KC-mediated transactivation of latent TGFβ by KCs may only drive LC migration during homeostasis and in response to UV stimulation.
Collapse
Key Words
- DMBA, 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene
- EpCAM, epithelial cell adhesion molecule
- IFE, interfollicular
- IM, infundibulum/isthmus
- KC, keratinocyte
- LAP, latency associated peptide
- LC, Langerhans cell
- LN, lymph node
- MHC, major histocompatibility complex
- pKC, primary keratinocyte
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacinto S. De La Cruz Diaz
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Toshiro Hirai
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Breanna Anh-Thu Nguyen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yukari Zenke
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Dermatology, St. Luke’s International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Haiyue Li
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Stephen Nishimura
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Daniel H. Kaplan
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Scheinman PL, Vocanson M, Thyssen JP, Johansen JD, Nixon RL, Dear K, Botto NC, Morot J, Goldminz AM. Contact dermatitis. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2021; 7:38. [PMID: 34045488 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-021-00271-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Contact dermatitis (CD) is among the most common inflammatory dermatological conditions and includes allergic CD, photoallergic CD, irritant CD, photoirritant CD (also called phototoxic CD) and protein CD. Occupational CD can be of any type and is the most prevalent occupational skin disease. Each CD type is characterized by different immunological mechanisms and/or requisite exposures. Clinical manifestations of CD vary widely and multiple subtypes may occur simultaneously. The diagnosis relies on clinical presentation, thorough exposure assessment and evaluation with techniques such as patch testing and skin-prick testing. Management is based on patient education, avoidance strategies of specific substances, and topical treatments; in severe or recalcitrant cases, which can negatively affect the quality of life of patients, systemic medications may be needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pamela L Scheinman
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marc Vocanson
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM, U1111; Univ Lyon; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon; CNRS, UMR, 5308, Lyon, France
| | - Jacob P Thyssen
- National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeanne Duus Johansen
- National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rosemary L Nixon
- Skin Health Institute - Occupational Dermatology Research and Education Centre, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Kate Dear
- Skin Health Institute - Occupational Dermatology Research and Education Centre, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Nina C Botto
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Johanna Morot
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM, U1111; Univ Lyon; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon; CNRS, UMR, 5308, Lyon, France
| | - Ari M Goldminz
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Choi DW, Jung SY, Shon DH, Shin HS. Piperine Ameliorates Trimellitic Anhydride-Induced Atopic Dermatitis-Like Symptoms by Suppressing Th2-Mediated Immune Responses via Inhibition of STAT6 Phosphorylation. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092186. [PMID: 32392825 PMCID: PMC7248773 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disease predominately related to Type 2 helper T (Th2) immune responses. In this study, we investigated whether piperine is able to improve AD symptoms using a trimellitic anhydride (TMA)-induced AD-like mouse model. Topical treatment with piperine reduced ear swelling (ear thickness and epidermal thickness) induced by TMA exposure. Furthermore, piperine inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1β in mouse ears, compared with the TMA-induced AD group. In measuring allergic immune responses in draining lymph nodes (dLNs), we found that IL-4 secretion, GATA3 mRNA level, and STAT6 phosphorylation were suppressed by piperine treatment. In an ex vivo study, piperine also inhibited the phosphorylation of STAT6 on the CD4+ T cells isolated from splenocytes of BALB/c mice, and piperine suppressed IL-4-induced CCL26 mRNA expression and STAT6 phosphorylation in human keratinocytes resulting in the inhibition of infiltration of CCR3+ cells into inflammatory lesions. These results demonstrate that piperine could ameliorate AD symptoms through suppression of Th2-mediated immune responses, including the STAT6/GATA3/IL-4 signaling pathway. Therefore, we suggest that piperine is an excellent candidate as an inhibitor of STAT6 and may help to improve AD symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dae Woon Choi
- Food Biotechnology Program, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea; (D.W.C.); (S.Y.J.)
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea
| | - Sun Young Jung
- Food Biotechnology Program, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea; (D.W.C.); (S.Y.J.)
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea
| | - Dong-Hwa Shon
- Department of Food Processing and Distribution, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon-do 25457, Korea;
| | - Hee Soon Shin
- Food Biotechnology Program, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea; (D.W.C.); (S.Y.J.)
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the pathogenesis of contact allergy in recent years has increasingly focused on the mechanisms of the innate immune response, valid therapeutic options are still lacking. AIMS This article intends to shed light on the background of contact allergy development as well as possible risk factors and to highlight potential new therapeutic options. MATERIALS AND METHODS Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) as well as the sensitization and trigger phase, potential risk factors as well as the therapy options including (current) PubMed-listed literature are described. RESULTS Inflammation plays a central role in ACD. The innate immune system responds to contact allergens as well as to infection. Elucidation of the mechanisms will enable a targeted therapeutic intervention in the future. CONCLUSION Although there is still a need for research, many parts of the contact allergy pathogenesis are now better understood. In particular, the essential role of the innate immune response not only for the sensitization but also for the elicitation phase seems to be established. Implementation of today's knowledge into new therapeutic approaches and their application testing remains important and exciting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp R Esser
- Klinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Forschergruppe Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hauptstr. 7, 79104, Freiburg im Breisgau, Deutschland.
| | - Stefan F Martin
- Klinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Forschergruppe Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hauptstr. 7, 79104, Freiburg im Breisgau, Deutschland.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Eaton LH, Dearman RJ, Kimber I, Griffiths CEM. Keratinocytes derived from late-onset-psoriasis skin do not impair Langerhans cell migration. Br J Dermatol 2018; 179:1208-1209. [PMID: 29923325 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.16896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L H Eaton
- The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, M6 8HD, U.K
| | - R J Dearman
- The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, M6 8HD, U.K
| | - I Kimber
- The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, M6 8HD, U.K
| | - C E M Griffiths
- The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, M6 8HD, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jiang L, Huang D, Nie S, Xie M. Polysaccharide isolated from seeds of Plantago asiatica L. induces maturation of dendritic cells through MAPK and NF-κB pathway. Saudi J Biol Sci 2018; 25:1202-1207. [PMID: 30174523 PMCID: PMC6117183 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Plantago species are used as traditional medicine in Asian and Europe. Polysaccharide isolated from the seeds of Plantago asiatica L. could stimulate maturation transformation of bone-marrow derived dendritic cells (DCs). We found that blocking p38, ERK1/2 and JNK MAPK signal transduction could significantly decreased the PLP-2 induced expression of MHC II, CD86 surface molecules on DCs. Blocking p38 and JNK signal also significantly inhibited the cytokine secretion of TNF-α and IL-12p70 as well, while blocking ERK1/2 signal only decreased the secretion of TNF-α. Meanwhile, DCs in the three MAPK signal-blocking groups showed dramatically attenuated effects on stimulating proliferation of T lymphocytes. Similarly, blocking signal transduction of NF-κB pathway also significantly impaired the phenotypic and functional maturation development of DCs induced by PLP-2. These data suggest that MAPK and NF-κB pathway mediates the PLP-induced maturation on DCs. Especially, among the three MAPK pathways, activation of JNK signal transduction is the most important for DCs development after PLP-2 incubation. And PLP-2 may activate the MAPK and NF-κB pathway by triggering toll-like receptor 4 on DCs.
Collapse
Key Words
- CD, cluster of differentiation
- DCs, dendritic cells
- Dendritic cell
- ERK, extracellular signal regulated kinases
- IL, interleukin
- JNK, c-Jun amino-terminal kinases
- MAPK
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- NF-κB
- NF-κB, nuclear factor κB
- PAMPs, pathogen-associated molecular patterns
- PDTC, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate
- PLP, polysaccharide from the seeds of Plantago asiatica L.
- PRR, pattern recognition receptors
- Plantago asiatica L.
- Polysaccharides
- TLR, toll-like receptor
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- Toll-like receptor
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - MingYong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ontogeny and function of murine epidermal Langerhans cells. Nat Immunol 2017; 18:1068-1075. [PMID: 28926543 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Langerhans cells (LCs) are epidermis-resident antigen-presenting cells that share a common ontogeny with macrophages but function as dendritic cells (DCs). Their development, recruitment and retention in the epidermis is orchestrated by interactions with keratinocytes through multiple mechanisms. LC and dermal DC subsets often show functional redundancy, but LCs are required for specific types of adaptive immune responses when antigen is concentrated in the epidermis. This Review will focus on those developmental and functional properties that are unique to LCs.
Collapse
|
9
|
Dittmar D, Schuttelaar ML. Immunology and genetics of tumour necrosis factor in allergic contact dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 2017; 76:257-271. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.12769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daan Dittmar
- Department of Dermatology; University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen; 9700 RB Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Marie L. Schuttelaar
- Department of Dermatology; University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen; 9700 RB Groningen The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Eaton L, Dearman R, Kimber I, Griffiths C. Interleukin-17 and interleukin-23 regulate Langerhans cell migration. Br J Dermatol 2016; 175:622-4. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.14541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L.H. Eaton
- The Faculty of Life Sciences; University of Manchester; Manchester U.K
- The Dermatology Centre; Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre; University of Manchester; Manchester U.K
| | - R.J. Dearman
- The Faculty of Life Sciences; University of Manchester; Manchester U.K
| | - I. Kimber
- The Faculty of Life Sciences; University of Manchester; Manchester U.K
| | - C.E.M. Griffiths
- The Dermatology Centre; Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre; University of Manchester; Manchester U.K
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gennari A, Pelliccia M, Donno R, Kimber I, Tirelli N. Mannosylation Allows for Synergic (CD44/C-Type Lectin) Uptake of Hyaluronic Acid Nanoparticles in Dendritic Cells, but Only upon Correct Ligand Presentation. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:966-76. [PMID: 26865006 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The selective targeting of dendritic cells (DCs) can lead to more efficacious vaccines. Here, materials have been designed for a synergic DC targeting: interacting with CD44 through the use of hyaluronic acid (HA), and with mannose-binding lectins (typical DC pattern recognition receptors) through HA mannosylation. Negatively charged, HA-displaying nanoparticles are produced via polyelectrolyte complexation of (mannosylated) HA and high- or low- molecular-weight chitosan (CS, 36 and 656 kDa). Using CS36, HA is better exposed and the particles have a higher affinity for HA receptors; this means a higher number of receptors clustered around each particle and, due to the rather limited CD44 availability, an overall lower uptake per cell. Employing Langerhans-like XS106 cells, all particles show negligible toxicity or inflammatory activation. The cellular uptake kinetics are qualitatively similar to other leukocytic models and thus considered to be CD44-dominated; the uptake increases with increasing HA mannosylation and with the use of adjuvants (LPS, mannan) for CS36/HA but not for CS656//HA particles; this indicates that the interactions with mannose-binding receptors requires a correct ligand presentation, and only in that case can they be enhanced by appropriate adjuvants. In summary, mannose-binding receptors can be used to enhance the internalization of HA-based carriers, although this positive synergy depends on the mode of ligand presentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Gennari
- Centre for Tissue Injury and Repair; Institute of Inflammation and Repair; Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences; The University of Manchester; Manchester M13 9PT UK
| | - Maria Pelliccia
- Centre for Tissue Injury and Repair; Institute of Inflammation and Repair; Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences; The University of Manchester; Manchester M13 9PT UK
| | - Roberto Donno
- NorthWest Centre of Advanced Drug Delivery (NoWCADD); Manchester Pharmacy School; Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences; The University of Manchester; Manchester M13 9PT UK
| | - Ian Kimber
- Faculty of Life Sciences; The University of Manchester; Manchester M13 9PT UK
| | - Nicola Tirelli
- Centre for Tissue Injury and Repair; Institute of Inflammation and Repair; Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences; The University of Manchester; Manchester M13 9PT UK
- NorthWest Centre of Advanced Drug Delivery (NoWCADD); Manchester Pharmacy School; Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences; The University of Manchester; Manchester M13 9PT UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rancan F, Asadian-Birjand M, Dogan S, Graf C, Cuellar L, Lommatzsch S, Blume-Peytavi U, Calderón M, Vogt A. Effects of thermoresponsivity and softness on skin penetration and cellular uptake of polyglycerol-based nanogels. J Control Release 2016; 228:159-169. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|