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Boldison J, Hopkinson JR, Davies J, Pearson JA, Leete P, Richardson S, Morgan NG, Wong FS. Gene expression profiling in NOD mice reveals that B cells are highly educated by the pancreatic environment during autoimmune diabetes. Diabetologia 2023; 66:551-566. [PMID: 36508037 PMCID: PMC9892163 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-022-05839-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS B cells play an important role in driving the development of type 1 diabetes; however, it remains unclear how they contribute to local beta cell destruction during disease progression. Here, we use gene expression profiling of B cell subsets identified in inflamed pancreatic tissue to explore their primary functional role during the progression of autoimmune diabetes. METHODS Transcriptional profiling was performed on FACS-sorted B cell subsets isolated from pancreatic islets and the pancreatic lymph nodes of NOD mice. RESULTS B cells are highly modified by the inflamed pancreatic tissue and can be distinguished by their transcriptional profile from those in the lymph nodes. We identified both a discrete and a core shared gene expression profile in islet CD19+CD138- and CD19+CD138+ B cell subsets, the latter of which is known to have enriched autoreactivity during diabetes development. On localisation to pancreatic islets, compared with CD138- B cells, CD138+ B cells overexpress genes associated with adhesion molecules and growth factors. Their shared signature consists of gene expression changes related to the differentiation of antibody-secreting cells and gene regulatory networks associated with IFN signalling pathways, proinflammatory cytokines and Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation. Finally, abundant TLR7 expression was detected in islet B cells and was enhanced specifically in CD138+ B cells. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our study provides a detailed transcriptional analysis of islet B cells. Specific gene signatures and interaction networks have been identified that point towards a functional role for B cells in driving autoimmune diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Boldison
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
| | - Jessica R Hopkinson
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Joanne Davies
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - James A Pearson
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Pia Leete
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Sarah Richardson
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Noel G Morgan
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - F Susan Wong
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
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Michée-Cospolite M, Boudigou M, Grasseau A, Simon Q, Mignen O, Pers JO, Cornec D, Le Pottier L, Hillion S. Molecular Mechanisms Driving IL-10- Producing B Cells Functions: STAT3 and c-MAF as Underestimated Central Key Regulators? Front Immunol 2022; 13:818814. [PMID: 35359922 PMCID: PMC8961445 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.818814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory B cells (Bregs) have been highlighted in very different pathology settings including autoimmune diseases, allergy, graft rejection, and cancer. Improving tools for the characterization of Bregs has become the main objective especially in humans. Transitional, mature B cells and plasma cells can differentiate into IL-10 producing Bregs in both mice and humans, suggesting that Bregs are not derived from unique precursors but may arise from different competent progenitors at unrestricted development stages. Moreover, in addition to IL-10 production, regulatory B cells used a broad range of suppressing mechanisms to modulate the immune response. Although Bregs have been consistently described in the literature, only a few reports described the molecular aspects that control the acquisition of the regulatory function. In this manuscript, we detailed the latest reports describing the control of IL-10, TGFβ, and GZMB production in different Breg subsets at the molecular level. We focused on the understanding of the role of the transcription factors STAT3 and c-MAF in controlling IL-10 production in murine and human B cells and how these factors may represent an important crossroad of several key drivers of the Breg response. Finally, we provided original data supporting the evidence that MAF is expressed in human IL-10- producing plasmablast and could be induced in vitro following different stimulation cocktails. At steady state, we reported that MAF is expressed in specific human B-cell tonsillar subsets including the IgD+ CD27+ unswitched population, germinal center cells and plasmablast.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Divi Cornec
- U1227, LBAI, Univ Brest, Inserm, and CHU Brest, Brest, France
| | | | - Sophie Hillion
- U1227, LBAI, Univ Brest, Inserm, and CHU Brest, Brest, France
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