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Pan L, Zhou Y, Kuang Y, Wang C, Wang W, Hu X, Chen X. Progress of research on γδ T cells in colorectal cancer (Review). Oncol Rep 2024; 52:160. [PMID: 39364743 PMCID: PMC11478060 DOI: 10.3892/or.2024.8819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks as the third most prevalent malignancy and second leading cause of cancer‑related fatalities worldwide. Immunotherapy alone or in combination with chemotherapy has a favorable survival benefit for patients with CRC. Unlike αβ T cells, which are prone to drug resistance, γδ T cells do not exhibit major histocompatibility complex restriction and can target tumor cells through diverse mechanisms. Recent research has demonstrated the widespread involvement of Vδ1T, Vδ2T, and γδ T17 cells in tumorigenesis and progression. In the present review, the influence of different factors, including immune checkpoint molecules, the tumor microenvironment and microorganisms, was summarized on the antitumor/protumor effects of these cells, aiming to provide insights for the development of more efficient and less toxic immunotherapy‑based anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, P.R. China
| | - Yiru Zhou
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Yeye Kuang
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Chan Wang
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Weimin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, P.R. China
| | - Xiaotong Hu
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
- Department of Pathology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Xiabin Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, P.R. China
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2
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Ran R, Trapecar M, Brubaker DK. Systematic analysis of human colorectal cancer scRNA-seq revealed limited pro-tumoral IL-17 production potential in gamma delta T cells. Neoplasia 2024; 58:101072. [PMID: 39454432 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2024.101072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2024] [Revised: 10/10/2024] [Accepted: 10/10/2024] [Indexed: 10/28/2024]
Abstract
Gamma delta T cells play a crucial role in anti-tumor immunity due to their cytotoxic properties. However, the role and extent of γδ T cells in production of pro-tumorigenic interleukin-17 (IL-17) within the tumor microenvironment of colorectal cancer (CRC) remains controversial. In this study, we re-analyzed nine published human CRC whole-tissue single-cell RNA sequencing datasets, identifying 18,483 γδ T cells out of 951,785 total cells, in the neoplastic or adjacent normal tissue of 165 human CRC patients. Our results confirm that tumor-infiltrating γδ T cells exhibit high cytotoxicity-related transcription in both tumor and adjacent normal tissues, but critically, none of the γδ T cell clusters showed IL-17 production potential. We also identified various γδ T cell subsets, including poised effector-like T cells, tissue-resident memory T cells, progenitor exhausted-like T cells, and exhausted T cells, and noted an increased expression of cytotoxic molecules in tumor-infiltrating γδ T cells compared to their normal area counterparts. We proposed anti-tumor γδ T effector cells may arise from tissue-resident progenitor cells based on the trajectory analysis. Our work demonstrates that γδ T cells in CRC primarily function as cytotoxic effector cells rather than IL-17 producers, mitigating the concerns about their potential pro-tumorigenic roles in CRC, highlighting the importance of accurately characterizing these cells for cancer immunotherapy research and the unneglectable cross-species discrepancy between the mouse and human immune system in the study of cancer immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Ran
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Martin Trapecar
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Douglas K Brubaker
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; The Blood, Heart, Lung, and Immunology Research Center, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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3
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Sok CL, Rossjohn J, Gully BS. The Evolving Portrait of γδ TCR Recognition Determinants. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 213:543-552. [PMID: 39159405 PMCID: PMC11335310 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2400114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
In αβ T cells, immunosurveillance is enabled by the αβ TCR, which corecognizes peptide, lipid, or small-molecule Ags presented by MHC- and MHC class I-like Ag-presenting molecules, respectively. Although αβ TCRs vary in their Ag recognition modes, in general they corecognize the presented Ag and the Ag-presenting molecule and do so in an invariable "end-to-end" manner. Quite distinctly, γδ T cells, by way of their γδ TCR, can recognize ligands that extend beyond the confines of MHC- and MHC class I-like restrictions. From structural studies, it is now becoming apparent that γδ TCR recognition modes can break the corecognition paradigm and deviate markedly from the end-to-end docking mechanisms of αβ TCR counterparts. This brief review highlights the emerging portrait of how γδ TCRs can recognize diverse epitopes of their Ags in a manner reminiscent to how Abs recognize Ags.
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MESH Headings
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/immunology
- Humans
- Animals
- Antigen Presentation/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/metabolism
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Chhon Ling Sok
- Infection and Immunity Program & Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program & Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Benjamin S. Gully
- Infection and Immunity Program & Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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4
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Ran R, Trapecar M, Brubaker DK. Systematic Analysis of Human Colorectal Cancer scRNA-seq Revealed Limited Pro-tumoral IL-17 Production Potential in Gamma Delta T Cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.18.604156. [PMID: 39071278 PMCID: PMC11275756 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.18.604156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Gamma delta (γδ) T cells play a crucial role in anti-tumor immunity due to their cytotoxic properties. However, the role and extent of γδ T cells in production of pro-tumorigenic interleukin- 17 (IL-17) within the tumor microenvironment (TME) of colorectal cancer (CRC) remains controversial. In this study, we re-analyzed nine published human CRC whole-tissue single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) datasets, identifying 18,483 γδ T cells out of 951,785 total cells, in the neoplastic or adjacent normal tissue of 165 human CRC patients. Our results confirm that tumor-infiltrating γδ T cells exhibit high cytotoxicity-related transcription in both tumor and adjacent normal tissues, but critically, none of the γδ T cell clusters showed IL-17 production potential. We also identified various γδ T cell subsets, including Teff, TRM, Tpex, and Tex, and noted an increased expression of cytotoxic molecules in tumor-infiltrating γδ T cells compared to their normal area counterparts. Our work demonstrates that γδ T cells in CRC primarily function as cytotoxic effector cells rather than IL-17 producers, mitigating the concerns about their potential pro-tumorigenic roles in CRC, highlighting the importance of accurately characterizing these cells for cancer immunotherapy research and the unneglectable cross-species discrepancy between the mouse and human immune system in the study of cancer immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Ran
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Martin Trapecar
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Douglas K. Brubaker
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
- The Blood, Heart, Lung, and Immunology Research Center, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH
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5
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Mehdikhani F, Bahar A, Bashi M, Mohammadlou M, Yousefi B. From immunomodulation to therapeutic prospects: Unveiling the biology of butyrophilins in cancer. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e4081. [PMID: 38934382 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.4081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Butyrophilin (BTN) proteins are a type of membrane protein that belongs to the Ig superfamily. They exhibit a high degree of structural similarity to molecules in the B7 family. They fulfill a complex function in regulating immune responses, including immunomodulatory roles, as they influence γδ T cells. The biology of BTN molecules indicates that they are capable of inhibiting the immune system's ability to detect antigens within tumors. A dynamic association between BTN molecules and cellular surfaces is also recognized in specific contexts, influencing their biology. Notably, the dynamism of BTN3A1 is associated with the immunosuppression of T cells or the activation of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. Cancer immunotherapy relies heavily on T cells to modulate immune function within the intricate interaction of the tumor microenvironment (TME). A significant interaction between the TME and antitumor immunity involves the presence of BTN, which should be taken into account when developing immunotherapy. This review explores potential therapeutic applications of BTN molecules, based on the current understanding of their biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mehdikhani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aysa Bahar
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Bashi
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical, Semnan, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Maryam Mohammadlou
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical, Semnan, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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6
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Mohamed AA, al-Ramadi BK, Fernandez-Cabezudo MJ. Interplay between Microbiota and γδ T Cells: Insights into Immune Homeostasis and Neuro-Immune Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1747. [PMID: 38339023 PMCID: PMC10855551 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract of multicellular organisms, especially mammals, harbors a symbiotic commensal microbiota with diverse microorganisms including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and other microbial and eukaryotic species. This microbiota exerts an important role on intestinal function and contributes to host health. The microbiota, while benefiting from a nourishing environment, is involved in the development, metabolism and immunity of the host, contributing to the maintenance of homeostasis in the GI tract. The immune system orchestrates the maintenance of key features of host-microbe symbiosis via a unique immunological network that populates the intestinal wall with different immune cell populations. Intestinal epithelium contains lymphocytes in the intraepithelial (IEL) space between the tight junctions and the basal membrane of the gut epithelium. IELs are mostly CD8+ T cells, with the great majority of them expressing the CD8αα homodimer, and the γδ T cell receptor (TCR) instead of the αβ TCR expressed on conventional T cells. γδ T cells play a significant role in immune surveillance and tissue maintenance. This review provides an overview of how the microbiota regulates γδ T cells and the influence of microbiota-derived metabolites on γδ T cell responses, highlighting their impact on immune homeostasis. It also discusses intestinal neuro-immune regulation and how γδ T cells possess the ability to interact with both the microbiota and brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa A. Mohamed
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Basel K. al-Ramadi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Maria J. Fernandez-Cabezudo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
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7
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Rastin F, Javid H, Oryani MA, Rezagholinejad N, Afshari AR, Karimi-Shahri M. Immunotherapy for colorectal cancer: Rational strategies and novel therapeutic progress. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 126:111055. [PMID: 37992445 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
There are increasing incidences and mortality rates for colorectal cancer in the world. It is common for chemotherapy and radiation given to patients with colorectal cancer to cause toxicities that limit their effectiveness and cause cancer cells to become resistant to these treatments. Additional targeted treatments are needed to improve patient's quality of life and outcomes. Immunotherapy has rapidly emerged as an incredibly exciting and promising avenue for cancer treatment in recent years. This innovative approach provides novel options for tackling solid tumors, effectively establishing itself as a new cornerstone in cancer treatment. Specifically, in the realm of colorectal cancer (CRC), there is great promise in developing new drugs that target immune checkpoints, offering a hopeful and potentially transformative solution. While immunotherapy of CRC has made significant advances, there are still obstacles and limitations. CRC patients have a poor response to treatment because of the immune-suppressing function of their tumor microenvironment (TME). In addition to blocking inhibitory immune checkpoints, checkpoint-blocking antibodies may also boost immune responses against tumors. The review summarizes recent advances in immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for CRC, including CTLA-4, PD-1, PD-L1, LAG-3, and TIM-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farangis Rastin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Javid
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mahsa Akbari Oryani
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Amir-R Afshari
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Mehdi Karimi-Shahri
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran.
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8
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Das S, Acharya D. Immunological Assessment of Recent Immunotherapy for Colorectal Cancer. Immunol Invest 2023; 52:1065-1095. [PMID: 37812224 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2023.2264906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent malignancy with increased incidence and mortality rates worldwide. Traditional treatment approaches have attempted to efficiently target CRC; however, they have failed in most cases, owing to the cytotoxicity and non-specificity of these therapies. Therefore, it is essential to develop an effective alternative therapy to improve the clinical outcomes in heterogeneous CRC cases. Immunotherapy has transformed cancer treatment with remarkable efficacy and overcomes the limitations of traditional treatments. With an understanding of the cancer-immunity cycle and tumor microenvironment evolution, current immunotherapy approaches have elicited enhanced antitumor immune responses. In this comprehensive review, we outline the latest advances in immunotherapy targeting CRC and provide insights into antitumor immune responses reported in landmark clinical studies. We focused on highlighting the combination approaches that synergistically induce immune responses and eliminate immunosuppression. This review aimed to understand the limitations and potential of recent immunotherapy clinical studies conducted in the last five years (2019-2023) and to transform this knowledge into a rational design of clinical trials intended for effective antitumor immune responses in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhadeep Das
- Department of Biotechnology, GIET University, Gunupur, India
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9
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Lin P, Yan Y, Zhang Z, Dong Q, Yi J, Li Q, Zhang A, Kong X. The γδ T cells dual function and crosstalk with intestinal flora in treating colorectal cancer is a promising area of study. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 123:110733. [PMID: 37579540 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is highly prevalent and severely affects human health, with the third-greatest occurrence and the second-greatest rate of death globally. Current CRC treatments, including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, do not significantly improve CRC patients' survival rate and quality of life, so it is essential to develop new treatment strategies. Adoptive cell therapy and other immunotherapy came into being. Currently, there has been an especially significant emphasis on γδ T cells as being the primary recipient of adoptive cell therapy. The present investigation found that γδ T cells possess the capability to trigger cytotoxicity in CRC cells, secrete cytokines, recruit immune cells for the purpose of destroying cancer cells, and inhibit the progress of CRC indirectly. Nevertheless, It is possible for γδ T cells to initiate a storm of inflammatory factors and inhibit the immune response to promote the advancement of CRC. This review demonstrates a close association between the γδ T cell initiation pathway and their close association with the intestinal flora. It has been observed that the intestinal flora performs a vital function in facilitating the stimulation and functioning of γδ T cells. The tumor-fighting effect is mainly regulated by desulphurizing Vibrio and lactic acid bacteria. In contrast, the regulation of tumor-promoting impact is closely related to Clostridia and ETBF. This review systematically combs γδ T cell dual function and their relationship to intestinal flora, which offers a conceptual framework for the γδ T cell application for CRC therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peizhe Lin
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yijing Yan
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Ze Zhang
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Qiutong Dong
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jia Yi
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Qingbo Li
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Ao Zhang
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xianbin Kong
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
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10
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Yuan T, Zhang S, He S, Ma Y, Chen J, Gu J. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide related genes signature as potential biomarker for prognosis and immune treatment in gastric cancer. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15916. [PMID: 37741901 PMCID: PMC10517958 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43223-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The composition of microbial microenvironment is an important factor affecting the development of tumor diseases. However, due to the limitations of current technological levels, we are still unable to fully study and elucidate the depth and breadth of the impact of microorganisms on tumors, especially whether microorganisms have an impact on cancer. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to conduct in-depth research on the role and mechanism of prostate microbiome in gastric cancer (GC) based on the related genes of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by using bioinformatics methods. Through comparison in the Toxin Genomics Database (CTD), we can find and screen out the bacterial LPS related genes. In the study, Venn plots and lasso analysis were used to obtain differentially expressed LPS related hub genes (LRHG). Afterwards, in order to establish a prognostic risk score model and column chart in LRHG features, we used univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis for modeling and composition. In addition, we also conducted in-depth research on the clinical role of immunotherapy with TMB, MSI, KRAS mutants, and TIDE scores. We screened 9 LRHGs in the database. We constructed a prognostic risk score and column chart based on LRHG, indicating that low risk scores have a protective effect on patients. We particularly found that low risk scores are beneficial for immunotherapy through TIDE score evaluation. Based on LPS related hub genes, we established a LRHG signature, which can help predict immunotherapy and prognosis for GC patients. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide related genes can also be biomarkers to predict progression free survival in GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Yuan
- Nantong Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Siming Zhang
- Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Songnian He
- Nantong Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yijie Ma
- Nantong Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianhong Chen
- Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jue Gu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.
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11
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Kurioka A, Klenerman P. Aging unconventionally: γδ T cells, iNKT cells, and MAIT cells in aging. Semin Immunol 2023; 69:101816. [PMID: 37536148 PMCID: PMC10804939 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Unconventional T cells include γδ T cells, invariant Natural Killer T cells (iNKT) cells and Mucosal Associated Invariant T (MAIT) cells, which are distinguished from conventional T cells by their recognition of non-peptide ligands presented by non-polymorphic antigen presenting molecules and rapid effector functions that are pre-programmed during their development. Here we review current knowledge of the effect of age on unconventional T cells, from early life to old age, in both mice and humans. We then discuss the role of unconventional T cells in age-associated diseases and infections, highlighting the similarities between members of the unconventional T cell family in the context of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Kurioka
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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12
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Harmon C, Zaborowski A, Moore H, St Louis P, Slattery K, Duquette D, Scanlan J, Kane H, Kunkemoeller B, McIntyre CL, Scannail AN, Moran B, Anderson AC, Winter D, Brennan D, Brehm MA, Lynch L. γδ T cell dichotomy with opposing cytotoxic and wound healing functions in human solid tumors. NATURE CANCER 2023; 4:1122-1137. [PMID: 37474835 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-023-00589-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
γδ T cells are important tissue-resident, innate T cells that are critical for tissue homeostasis. γδ cells are associated with positive prognosis in most tumors; however, little is known about their heterogeneity in human cancers. Here, we phenotyped innate and adaptive cells in human colorectal (CRC) and endometrial cancer. We found striking differences in γδ subsets and function in tumors compared to normal tissue, and in the γδ subsets present in tumor types. In CRC, an amphiregulin (AREG)-producing subset emerges, while endometrial cancer is infiltrated by cytotoxic cells. In humanized CRC models, tumors induced this AREG phenotype in Vδ1 cells after adoptive transfer. To exploit the beneficial roles of γδ cells for cell therapy, we developed an expansion method that enhanced cytotoxic function and boosted metabolic flexibility, while eliminating AREG production, achieving greater tumor infiltration and tumor clearance. This method has broad applications in cellular therapy as an 'off-the-shelf' treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathal Harmon
- Department of Endocrinology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexandra Zaborowski
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Colorectal Disease, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Haim Moore
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pamela St Louis
- Program in Molecular Medicine and the Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Karen Slattery
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Danielle Duquette
- Department of Endocrinology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John Scanlan
- Department of Endocrinology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Harry Kane
- Department of Endocrinology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Britta Kunkemoeller
- Department of Endocrinology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Claire L McIntyre
- Department of Endocrinology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aine Ni Scannail
- Department of Endocrinology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bruce Moran
- Department of Pathology, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ana C Anderson
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Des Winter
- Centre for Colorectal Disease, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Donal Brennan
- Gynecological Oncology Group, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael A Brehm
- Program in Molecular Medicine and the Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Lydia Lynch
- Department of Endocrinology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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13
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Zheng Z, Wieder T, Mauerer B, Schäfer L, Kesselring R, Braumüller H. T Cells in Colorectal Cancer: Unravelling the Function of Different T Cell Subsets in the Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11673. [PMID: 37511431 PMCID: PMC10380781 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic options for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) are very limited, and the prognosis using combination therapy with a chemotherapeutic drug and a targeted agent, e.g., epidermal growth factor receptor or tyrosine kinase, remains poor. Therefore, mCRC is associated with a poor median overall survival (mOS) of only 25-30 months. Current immunotherapies with checkpoint inhibitor blockade (ICB) have led to a substantial change in the treatment of several cancers, such as melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer. In CRC, ICB has only limited effects, except in patients with microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) or mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR) tumors, which comprise about 15% of sporadic CRC patients and about 4% of patients with metastatic CRC. The vast majority of sporadic CRCs are microsatellite-stable (MSS) tumors with low levels of infiltrating immune cells, in which immunotherapy has no clinical benefit so far. Immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors requires the presence of infiltrating T cells into the tumor microenvironment (TME). This makes T cells the most important effector cells in the TME, as evidenced by the establishment of the immunoscore-a method to estimate the prognosis of CRC patients. The microenvironment of a tumor contains several types of T cells that are anti-tumorigenic, such as CD8+ T cells or pro-tumorigenic, such as regulatory T cells (Tregs) or T helper 17 (Th17) cells. However, even CD8+ T cells show marked heterogeneity, e.g., they can become exhausted, enter a state of hyporesponsiveness or become dysfunctional and express high levels of checkpoint molecules, the targets for ICB. To kill cancer cells, CD8+ T cells need the recognition of the MHC class I, which is often downregulated on colorectal cancer cells. In this case, a population of unconventional T cells with a γδ T cell receptor can overcome the limitations of the conventional CD8+ T cells with an αβT cell receptor. γδ T cells recognize antigens in an MHC-independent manner, thus acting as a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity. Here, we discuss the effects of different T cell subsets in colorectal cancer with a special emphasis on γδ T cells and the possibility of using them in CAR-T cell therapy. We explain T cell exclusion in microsatellite-stable colorectal cancer and the possibilities to overcome this exclusion to enable immunotherapy even in these "cold" tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwen Zheng
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Wieder
- Department of Vegetative and Clinical Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Mauerer
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Luisa Schäfer
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rebecca Kesselring
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heidi Braumüller
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
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14
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Li GQ, Xia J, Zeng W, Luo W, Liu L, Zeng X, Cao D. The intestinal γδ T cells: functions in the gut and in the distant organs. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1206299. [PMID: 37398661 PMCID: PMC10311558 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1206299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Located in the frontline against the largest population of microbiota, the intestinal mucosa of mammals has evolved to become an effective immune system. γδ T cells, a unique T cell subpopulation, are rare in circulation blood and lymphoid tissues, but rich in the intestinal mucosa, particularly in the epithelium. Via rapid production of cytokines and growth factors, intestinal γδ T cells are key contributors to epithelial homeostasis and immune surveillance of infection. Intriguingly, recent studies have revealed that the intestinal γδ T cells may play novel exciting functions ranging from epithelial plasticity and remodeling in response to carbohydrate diets to the recovery of ischemic stroke. In this review article, we update regulatory molecules newly defined in lymphopoiesis of the intestinal γδ T cells and their novel functions locally in the intestinal mucosa, such as epithelial remodeling, and distantly in pathological setting, e.g., ischemic brain injury repair, psychosocial stress responses, and fracture repair. The challenges and potential revenues in intestinal γδ T cell studies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Qing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Research Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Pharmacological Research on Gastrointestinal Tumors, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jiliang Xia
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Weihong Zeng
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Weijia Luo
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Logen Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Pharmacological Research on Gastrointestinal Tumors, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xi Zeng
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Deliang Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Research Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
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15
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Corrêa RO, Castro PR, Fachi JL, Nirello VD, El-Sahhar S, Imada S, Pereira GV, Pral LP, Araújo NVP, Fernandes MF, Matheus VA, de Souza Felipe J, Dos Santos Pereira Gomes AB, de Oliveira S, de Rezende Rodovalho V, de Oliveira SRM, de Assis HC, Oliveira SC, Dos Santos Martins F, Martens E, Colonna M, Varga-Weisz P, Vinolo MAR. Inulin diet uncovers complex diet-microbiota-immune cell interactions remodeling the gut epithelium. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:90. [PMID: 37101209 PMCID: PMC10131329 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01520-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The continuous proliferation of intestinal stem cells followed by their tightly regulated differentiation to epithelial cells is essential for the maintenance of the gut epithelial barrier and its functions. How these processes are tuned by diet and gut microbiome is an important, but poorly understood question. Dietary soluble fibers, such as inulin, are known for their ability to impact the gut bacterial community and gut epithelium, and their consumption has been usually associated with health improvement in mice and humans. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that inulin consumption modifies the composition of colonic bacteria and this impacts intestinal stem cells functions, thus affecting the epithelial structure. METHODS Mice were fed with a diet containing 5% of the insoluble fiber cellulose or the same diet enriched with an additional 10% of inulin. Using a combination of histochemistry, host cell transcriptomics, 16S microbiome analysis, germ-free, gnotobiotic, and genetically modified mouse models, we analyzed the impact of inulin intake on the colonic epithelium, intestinal bacteria, and the local immune compartment. RESULTS We show that the consumption of inulin diet alters the colon epithelium by increasing the proliferation of intestinal stem cells, leading to deeper crypts and longer colons. This effect was dependent on the inulin-altered gut microbiota, as no modulations were observed in animals deprived of microbiota, nor in mice fed cellulose-enriched diets. We also describe the pivotal role of γδ T lymphocytes and IL-22 in this microenvironment, as the inulin diet failed to induce epithelium remodeling in mice lacking this T cell population or cytokine, highlighting their importance in the diet-microbiota-epithelium-immune system crosstalk. CONCLUSION This study indicates that the intake of inulin affects the activity of intestinal stem cells and drives a homeostatic remodeling of the colon epithelium, an effect that requires the gut microbiota, γδ T cells, and the presence of IL-22. Our study indicates complex cross kingdom and cross cell type interactions involved in the adaptation of the colon epithelium to the luminal environment in steady state. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renan Oliveira Corrêa
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil.
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Pollyana Ribeiro Castro
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - José Luís Fachi
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Vinícius Dias Nirello
- International Laboratory for Microbiome Host Epigenetics, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Salma El-Sahhar
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Shinya Imada
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Gabriel Vasconcelos Pereira
- International Laboratory for Microbiome Host Epigenetics, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Laís Passariello Pral
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Nathália Vitoria Pereira Araújo
- International Laboratory for Microbiome Host Epigenetics, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Mariane Font Fernandes
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Valquíria Aparecida Matheus
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline de Souza Felipe
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Arilson Bernardo Dos Santos Pereira Gomes
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Sarah de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Vinícius de Rezende Rodovalho
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Samantha Roberta Machado de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Biotherapeutics Agents, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Helder Carvalho de Assis
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Sergio Costa Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Flaviano Dos Santos Martins
- Laboratory of Biotherapeutics Agents, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Eric Martens
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Patrick Varga-Weisz
- International Laboratory for Microbiome Host Epigenetics, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK
- São Paulo Excellence Chair, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Ramirez Vinolo
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil.
- International Laboratory for Microbiome Host Epigenetics, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil.
- Experimental Medicine Research Cluster, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil.
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-864, Brazil.
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16
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The Gut Microbiota Metabolite Urolithin B Prevents Colorectal Carcinogenesis by Remodeling Microbiota and PD-L1/HLA-B. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:6480848. [PMID: 36778211 PMCID: PMC9908333 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6480848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer has risen to the third occurring cancer in the world. Fluorouracil (5-Fu), oxaliplatin, and cisplatin are the most effective chemotherapeutic agents for clinical chemotherapy. Nevertheless, due to chemotherapeutic drug resistance, the survival rate of patients with CRC remains very low. In this study, we used the inflammation-induced or mutation-family-inherited murine CRC models to study the anticancer and immunotherapy effects of urolithin B (UB), the final metabolite of polyphenols in the gastrointestinal tract. The label-free proteomics analysis and the gene ontology (GO) classifications were used to test and analyze the proteins affected by UB. And 16S rDNA sequencing and flow cytometry were utilized to uncover gut microbiome composition and immune defense improved by UB administration. The results indicated that urolithin B prevents colorectal carcinogenesis by remodeling gut microbial and tumor immune microenvironments, such as HLA-B, NK cells, regulatory T cells, and γδ TCR cells, and decreasing the PD-L1. The combination of urolithin B with first-line therapeutic drugs improved the colorectal intestinal hematochezia by shaping gut microbiota, providing a strategy for the treatment of immunotherapy treatment for CRC treatments. UB combined with anti-PD-1 antibody could inhibit the growth of colon cancer. Urolithin B may thus contribute to anticancer treatments and provide a high immune response microenvironment for CRC patients' further immunotherapy.
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Abstract
CAR T-cell therapy has transformed the treatment of hematological malignancies of the B cell lineage. However, the quest to fulfil the same promise for solid tumors is still in its infancy. This review summarizes some of the challenges that the field is trying to overcome for effective treatment of human carcinomas, including tumor heterogeneity, the paucity of truly tumor-specific targets, immunosuppression and metabolic restrictions at solid tumor beds, and defective T-cell trafficking. All these barriers are being currently investigated and, in some cases, targeted, by multiple independent groups. With clinical interventions against multiple human malignancies and different platforms under accelerated clinical development, the next few years will see an array of cellular therapies, including CAR T-cells, progressively becoming routine interventions to eliminate currently incurable diseases, as it happened with some hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose R Conejo-Garcia
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Jose A Guevara-Patino
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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18
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Ortiz-López N, Fuenzalida C, Dufeu MS, Pinto-León A, Escobar A, Poniachik J, Roblero JP, Valenzuela-Pérez L, Beltrán CJ. The immune response as a therapeutic target in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:954869. [PMID: 36300120 PMCID: PMC9589255 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.954869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a complex and heterogeneous disorder considered a liver-damaging manifestation of metabolic syndrome. Its prevalence has increased in the last decades due to modern-day lifestyle factors associated with overweight and obesity, making it a relevant public health problem worldwide. The clinical progression of NAFLD is associated with advanced forms of liver injury such as fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). As such, diverse pharmacological strategies have been implemented over the last few years, principally focused on metabolic pathways involved in NAFLD progression. However, a variable response rate has been observed in NAFLD patients, which is explained by the interindividual heterogeneity of susceptibility to liver damage. In this scenario, it is necessary to search for different therapeutic approaches. It is worth noting that chronic low-grade inflammation constitutes a central mechanism in the pathogenesis and progression of NAFLD, associated with abnormal composition of the intestinal microbiota, increased lymphocyte activation in the intestine and immune effector mechanisms in liver. This review aims to discuss the current knowledge about the role of the immune response in NAFLD development. We have focused mainly on the impact of altered gut-liver-microbiota axis communication on immune cell activation in the intestinal mucosa and the role of subsequent lymphocyte homing to the liver in NAFLD development. We further discuss novel clinical trials that addressed the control of the liver and intestinal immune response to complement current NAFLD therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Ortiz-López
- Laboratory of Immunogastroenterology, Unit of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Catalina Fuenzalida
- Laboratory of Immunogastroenterology, Unit of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Soledad Dufeu
- Laboratory of Immunogastroenterology, Unit of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Araceli Pinto-León
- Laboratory of Immunogastroenterology, Unit of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Jaime Poniachik
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Roblero
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lucía Valenzuela-Pérez
- Laboratory of Immunogastroenterology, Unit of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Caroll J. Beltrán
- Laboratory of Immunogastroenterology, Unit of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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19
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Faccani C, Rotta G, Clemente F, Fedeli M, Abbati D, Manfredi F, Potenza A, Anselmo A, Pedica F, Fiorentini G, Villa C, Protti MP, Doglioni C, Aldrighetti L, Bonini C, Casorati G, Dellabona P, de Lalla C. Workflow for high-dimensional flow cytometry analysis of T cells from tumor metastases. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/10/e202101316. [PMID: 35724271 PMCID: PMC9166301 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a multi-step high-dimensional (HD) flow cytometry workflow for the deep phenotypic characterization of T cells infiltrating metastatic tumor lesions in the liver, particularly derived from colorectal cancer (CRC-LM). First, we applied a novel flow cytometer setting approach based on single positive cells rather than fluorescent beads, resulting in optimal sensitivity when compared with previously published protocols. Second, we set up a 26-color based antibody panel designed to assess the functional state of both conventional T-cell subsets and unconventional invariant natural killer T, mucosal associated invariant T, and gamma delta T (γδT)-cell populations, which are abundant in the liver. Third, the dissociation of the CRC-LM samples was accurately tuned to preserve both the viability and antigenic integrity of the stained cells. This combined procedure permitted the optimal capturing of the phenotypic complexity of T cells infiltrating CRC-LM. Hence, this study provides a robust tool for high-dimensional flow cytometry analysis of complex T-cell populations, which could be adapted to characterize other relevant pathological tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Faccani
- Experimental Immunology Unit, Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Clemente
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Maya Fedeli
- Experimental Immunology Unit, Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Danilo Abbati
- Experimental Hematology Unit, Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Manfredi
- Experimental Hematology Unit, Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Potenza
- Experimental Hematology Unit, Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Achille Anselmo
- Flow Cytometry Resource, Advanced Cytometry Technical Applications Laboratory (FRACTAL) Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Pedica
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Pathology Unit, Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Guido Fiorentini
- Hepatobiliary Surgery, Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Villa
- Flow Cytometry Resource, Advanced Cytometry Technical Applications Laboratory (FRACTAL) Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria P Protti
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Doglioni
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Pathology Unit, Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Aldrighetti
- Hepatobiliary Surgery, Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Bonini
- Experimental Hematology Unit, Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Casorati
- Experimental Immunology Unit, Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Dellabona
- Experimental Immunology Unit, Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia de Lalla
- Experimental Immunology Unit, Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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21
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Bhat J, Placek K, Faissner S. Contemplating Dichotomous Nature of Gamma Delta T Cells for Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:894580. [PMID: 35669772 PMCID: PMC9163397 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.894580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
γδ T cells are unconventional T cells, distinguished from αβ T cells in a number of functional properties. Being small in number compared to αβ T cells, γδ T cells have surprised us with their pleiotropic roles in various diseases. γδ T cells are ambiguous in nature as they can produce a number of cytokines depending on the (micro) environmental cues and engage different immune response mechanisms, mainly due to their epigenetic plasticity. Depending on the disease condition, γδ T cells contribute to beneficial or detrimental response. In this review, we thus discuss the dichotomous nature of γδ T cells in cancer, neuroimmunology and infectious diseases. We shed light on the importance of equal consideration for systems immunology and personalized approaches, as exemplified by changes in metabolic requirements. While providing the status of immunotherapy, we will assess the metabolic (and other) considerations for better outcome of γδ T cell-based treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaydeep Bhat
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Placek
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Cell Biology, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Simon Faissner
- Department of Neurology, Ruhr-University Bochum, St. Josef-Hospital, Bochum, Germany
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22
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Wu X, Gu B, Yang H. The role of γδ T cells in the interaction between commensal and pathogenic bacteria in the intestinal mucosa. Int Rev Immunol 2022; 42:379-392. [PMID: 35583374 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2022.2076846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal mucosa is an important structure involved in resistance to pathogen infection. It is mainly composed of four barriers, which have different but interrelated functions. Pathogenic bacteria can damage these intestinal mucosal barriers. Here, we mainly review the mechanisms of pathogen damage to biological barriers. Most γδ T cells are located on the surface of the intestinal mucosa, with the ability to migrate and engage in crosstalk with microorganisms. Commensal bacteria are involved in the activation and migration of γδ T cells to monitor the invasion of pathogens. Pathogen invasion alters the migration pattern of γδ T cells. γδ T cells accelerate pathogen clearance and limit opportunistic invasion of commensal bacteria. By discussing these interactions among γδ T cells, commensal bacteria and pathogenic bacteria, we suggest that γδ T cells may link the interactions between commensal bacteria and pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Wu
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bing Gu
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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23
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Juat DJ, Hachey SJ, Billimek J, Del Rosario MP, Nelson EL, Hughes CCW, Zell JA. Adoptive T-Cell Therapy in Advanced Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review. Oncologist 2022; 27:210-219. [PMID: 35274719 PMCID: PMC8914488 DOI: 10.1093/oncolo/oyab038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the US. For the vast majority of patients with advanced CRC (ie, for those in whom metastatic tumors are unresectable), treatment is palliative and typically involves chemotherapy, biologic therapy, and/or immune checkpoint inhibition. In recent years, the use of adoptive T-cell therapy (ACT), leveraging the body’s own immune system to recognize and target cancer, has become increasingly popular. Unfortunately, while ACT has been successful in the treatment of hematological malignancies, it is less efficacious in advanced CRC due in part to a lack of productive immune infiltrate. This systematic review was conducted to summarize the current data for the efficacy and safety of ACT in advanced CRC. We report that ACT is well tolerated in patients with advanced CRC. Favorable survival estimates among patients with advanced CRC receiving ACT demonstrate promise for this novel treatment paradigm. However, additional stage I/II clinical trials are needed to establish the efficacy and safety of ACT in patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damie J Juat
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie J Hachey
- Department of Family Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - John Billimek
- Department of Family Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Michael P Del Rosario
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Edward L Nelson
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Christopher C W Hughes
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jason A Zell
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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24
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Zhong F, Lin Y, Jing X, Ye Y, Wang S, Shen Z. Innate tumor killers in colorectal cancer. Cancer Lett 2021; 527:115-126. [PMID: 34952144 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Standard treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) improves the prognosis of CRC patients, but it is still intractable to control the progression of metastatic CRC. Immune microenvironment and immunotherapies of CRC have received extensive attention in recent years, but present immunotherapies of CRC have mainly focused on T cells and therapeutic response is only observed in a small proportion of patients. Innate immune cells are the first-line of defense in the development of malignancies. Natural killer (NK) cells, NKT cells and γδT cells are three types of innate cells of lymphoid origin and show cytotoxicity against various tumor cells including CRC. Besides, in the development of CRC, they can also be inhibited or express regulatory type, promoting tumor progression. Researches about anti-tumorigenic and pro-tumorigenic mechanisms of these cells are ongoing and regulation of these cells is also being unearthed. Meanwhile, immunotherapies using these cells more or less have shown efficacy in animal models and some of them are under exploration in clinical trials. This review provides an overview of intrinsic properties of NK cell, NKT cell and γδT cell, and summarizes current related promising treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyun Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, PR China; Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, PR China.
| | - Yilin Lin
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, PR China; Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, PR China.
| | - Xiangxiang Jing
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, PR China; Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, PR China.
| | - Yingjiang Ye
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, PR China; Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, PR China.
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, PR China; Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, PR China.
| | - Zhanlong Shen
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, PR China; Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, PR China.
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25
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Sun Y, Li L, Yao W, Liu X, Yang Y, Ma B, Xue D. USH2A Mutation is Associated With Tumor Mutation Burden and Antitumor Immunity in Patients With Colon Adenocarcinoma. Front Genet 2021; 12:762160. [PMID: 34795697 PMCID: PMC8593250 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.762160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) is one of the diseases with the highest morbidity and mortality in the world. At present, immunotherapy has become a valuable method for the treatment of COAD. Tumor mutational burden (TMB) is considered to be the most common biomarker for predicting immunotherapy. According to reports, the mutation rate of COAD ranks third. However, whether these gene mutations are related to TMB and immune response is still unknown. Here, COAD somatic mutation data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) databases. Bioinformatics methods were used to study the relationships among gene mutations, COAD survival prognosis, and tumor immune response. A total of 22 of the top 40 mutations in TCGA and ICGC databases were the same. Among them, the USH2A mutation was associated with high TMB and poor clinical prognosis. According to Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and the CIBERSORT algorithm, we determined that the USH2A mutation upregulates signaling pathways involved in the immune system and the antitumor immune response. In cases with a USH2A mutation, the immune score and MSI score of TCGA samples increased, the expression of immune checkpoint genes decreased significantly, and the TIDE score decreased significantly. Dependent on the presence or absence of a USH2A mutation, TCGA COAD samples were analyzed for differentially expressed genes, 522 of which were identified. Using a univariate Cox analysis and LASSO COX analysis of these differential genes, a prediction model was established, which established significant differences in the infiltration of immune cells, immune checkpoint gene expression, immune score, MSI score, TMB, and TIDE in patients in high- and low-risk groups. In conclusion, mutation of USH2A is frequent in COAD and is related to an increase in TMB and the antitumor immunity. The differential genes screened by USH2A mutation allowed the construction of a risk model for predicting the survival and prognosis of cancer patients, in addition to providing new ideas for COAD immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Sun
- Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Long Li
- Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenchao Yao
- Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xuxu Liu
- Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Biao Ma
- Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dongbo Xue
- Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Zhan Y, Zheng L, Liu J, Hu D, Wang J, Liu K, Guo J, Zhang T, Kong D. PLA2G4A promotes right-sided colorectal cancer progression by inducing CD39+γδ Treg polarization. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e148028. [PMID: 34283812 PMCID: PMC8409991 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.148028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The γδ T cell is a promising candidate cell in tumor immunotherapy. However, γδ T cells polarize to CD39+γδ Tregs upon colorectal cancer (CRC) induction, and the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we show that the frequency of CD39+γδ Tregs, which positively correlated with poor prognosis, was significantly higher in right-sided CRC (RSCRC) than in the left-sided CRC (LSCRC). Interestingly, CD39+γδ Tregs from RSCRC showed stronger immunosuppressive phenotype and function than LSCRC. Furthermore, the quantitative mass spectrometry data show that CD39+γδ Treg polarization was related to the abnormal activation of the Phospholipase a2-IVa/Arachidonic acid (PLA2G4A/AA) metabolic pathway in RSCRC. Using an in vitro coculture system and an orthotopic murine model of CRC, we show that the overexpression of Pla2g4a in CT26 cells induced CD39+γδ Tregs, inhibiting the antitumor immune response. Finally, we found that the overall survival of the PLA2G4Ahi group was significantly shortened compared with PLA2G4Alo RSCRC, while the survival of LSCRC showed the opposite. Collectively, RSCRC with abnormal PLA2G4A expression educates γδ T cells into CD39+γδ Tregs to promote tumor progression and metastasis. Our work highlights the interaction between cancer cells and immune cells by distinguishing the primary tumor site and deepens the understanding of the tumor microenvironment and immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhan
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Dongzhi Hu
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Junfeng Wang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiansheng Guo
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Ti Zhang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai,China
| | - Dalu Kong
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
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27
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Rahman Qazi K, Jensen GB, van der Heiden M, Björkander S, Marchini G, Jenmalm MC, Abrahamsson T, Sverremark-Ekström E. Extreme prematurity and sepsis strongly influence frequencies and functional characteristics of circulating γδ T and natural killer cells. Clin Transl Immunology 2021; 10:e1294. [PMID: 34136218 PMCID: PMC8192243 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Extremely low gestational age neonates with extremely low birthweight (ELGAN/ELBW) are highly susceptible to infection. This is linked to their relatively immature immune system which is not yet fully compatible with an extra‐uterine environment. Here, we performed a longitudinal characterisation of unconventional T and natural killer (NK) cells in ELGAN/ELBW during their first months of life. Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected from 97 ELGAN/ELBW at 14 and 28 days of life and at a time point corresponding to postmenstrual week 36 + 0. γδ T‐cell, NKT‐cell, mucosa‐associated invariant T‐cell and NK cell frequencies and characteristics were analysed by flow cytometry. As control, cells from 14‐day‐old full‐term (FT) infants were included. Results Extreme prematurity had significant bearing on γδ T‐cell and NK cell frequencies and characteristics. ELGAN/ELBW had significantly higher proportions of γδ T cells that were skewed towards effector and effector memory phenotypes, characteristics that were maintained throughout the study period. Expression of the gut homing receptor CCR9 was also more common in γδ T cells from ELGAN/ELBW. Conversely, NK cell frequencies were markedly lower and skewed towards a cytotoxic phenotype in the ELGAN/ELBW group at 14 days of age. Culture‐proven sepsis with an onset during the first 14 days after birth further manifested these differences in the γδ T‐ and NK cell populations at 14 days of age. Conclusion Prematurity strongly influences the levels of γδ T and NK cells, in particular in cases where sepsis debuts during the first 2 weeks of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaleda Rahman Qazi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences The Wenner-Gren Institute Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
| | - Georg B Jensen
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Linköping University Linköping Sweden.,Department of Paediatrics Linköping University Linköping Sweden
| | - Marieke van der Heiden
- Department of Molecular Biosciences The Wenner-Gren Institute Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
| | - Sophia Björkander
- Department of Molecular Biosciences The Wenner-Gren Institute Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
| | - Giovanna Marchini
- Department of Women's and Children's Health Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Maria C Jenmalm
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Linköping University Linköping Sweden
| | - Thomas Abrahamsson
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Linköping University Linköping Sweden.,Department of Paediatrics Linköping University Linköping Sweden
| | - Eva Sverremark-Ekström
- Department of Molecular Biosciences The Wenner-Gren Institute Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
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28
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Déchanet-Merville J, Prinz I. From basic research to clinical application of γδ T cells. Immunol Rev 2020; 298:5-9. [PMID: 33245813 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Immo Prinz
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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