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Okazawa Y, Kamigaki T, Sugimoto K, Yamada T, Yoshida Y, Okada S, Ibe H, Oguma E, Iwai T, Matsuda A, Yamada T, Hasegawa S, Goto S, Takimoto R, Sakamoto K. A pilot study on the safety and efficacy of neoadjuvant chemo‑adoptive immunotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2024; 27:101. [PMID: 38298433 PMCID: PMC10829080 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2024.14234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The safety and efficacy of combination therapy of immune cell therapy and chemotherapy [chemo-adoptive immunotherapy (CAIT)] for patients with stage IV or recurrent colorectal cancer have been reported. In the present study, the safety and efficacy of neoadjuvant CAIT were investigated for preoperative therapy of locally advanced rectal cancer. The study included patients with cT3/T4 or cN (+) rectal adenocarcinoma scheduled for curative surgery. Six patients who consented to participate in the current study were selected as subjects. Neoadjuvant CAIT involves administration of activated autologous lymphocytes, αβ T cells, and mFOLFOX6 every 2 weeks for six courses, followed by surgery 4-6 weeks thereafter. Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events grade 3 neutropenia was observed in one patient. Neoadjuvant CAIT and curative surgery were performed on all the patients. The confirmed response rate was 67%. Downstaging was confirmed in five patients (83%). Regarding histological effects, two patients were grade 1a and four were grade 2. Regarding immunological reactions, both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell infiltration rates increased after treatment in three patients on tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) analysis. In peripheral blood analysis, the total lymphocyte count was maintained in all patients, and the CD8+ T cell count increased by ≥3 times on the pretreatment count in two patients but may not be associated with changes in TILs. During the median postoperative follow-up duration of 24 months, liver and lung metastases occurred in one patient, but all patients survived. In conclusion, neoadjuvant CAIT (αβ T cells + mFOLFOX6) can be safely administered for the treatment of advanced rectal cancer. Verification of the efficacy of comprehensive immune cell therapy, especially the induction of antitumor immunity for the prevention of recurrence, will be maintained. The current study is registered with the Japan Registry of Clinical Trials (jRCT; ID, jRCTc030190248; January 21, 2019).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Okazawa
- Department of Coloproctological Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Takashi Kamigaki
- Department of Next-Generation Cell and Immune Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Seta Clinic Tokyo, Seta Clinic Group, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Kiichi Sugimoto
- Department of Coloproctological Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamada
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Sachiko Okada
- Department of Next-Generation Cell and Immune Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Seta Clinic Tokyo, Seta Clinic Group, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ibe
- Department of Next-Generation Cell and Immune Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Seta Clinic Tokyo, Seta Clinic Group, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Eri Oguma
- Department of Next-Generation Cell and Immune Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Seta Clinic Tokyo, Seta Clinic Group, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Takuma Iwai
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Akihisa Matsuda
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Teppei Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Suguru Hasegawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Shigenori Goto
- Department of Next-Generation Cell and Immune Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Seta Clinic Tokyo, Seta Clinic Group, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Rishu Takimoto
- Department of Next-Generation Cell and Immune Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Seta Clinic Tokyo, Seta Clinic Group, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sakamoto
- Department of Coloproctological Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
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Kida A, Mizukoshi E, Kitahara M, Miyashita T, Goto S, Kamigaki T, Takimoto R, Asai J, Kakinoki K, Urabe T, Tomita K, Kaneko S. Effects of adoptive T-cell immunotherapy on immune cell profiles and prognosis of patients with unresectable or recurrent cholangiocarcinoma. Int J Cancer 2024; 154:738-747. [PMID: 37676069 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
The identification of immune cell profiles (ICP) involved in anti-tumor immunity is crucial for immunotherapy. Therefore, we herein investigated cholangiocarcinoma patients (CCA) who received adoptive T-cell immunotherapy (ATI). Eighteen unresectable or recurrent CCA received ATI of αβ T cells alone or combined with chemotherapy. ICP were evaluated by flow cytometry. There were 14 patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) and four with distal cholangiocarcinoma (dCCA). After one course of treatment, nine iCCA and four dCCA had progressive disease (PD), while five iCCA had stable disease (SD). Median overall survival (OS) was prolonged to 21.9 months. No significant differences were observed in OS between the PD and SD groups of iCCA. The frequency of helper T cells (HT) in iCCA decreased from 70.3% to 65.5% (P = .008), while that of killer T cells (KT) increased from 27.0% to 30.6% (P = .005). dCCA showed no significant changes of immune cells. OS was prolonged in iCCA with increased frequencies of CD3+ T cells (CD3) (P = .039) and αβ T cells (αβ) (P = .039). dCCA showed no immune cells associated with OS. The frequencies of CD3+ T cells and αβ T cells in the PD group for iCCA decreased from 63.5% to 53% (P = .038) and from 61.6% to 52.2% (P = .028), respectively. In the SD group, the frequency of HT decreased from 65.8% to 56.9% (P = .043), whereas that of KT increased from 30.1% to 38.3% (P = .043). In conclusions, ATI affected ICP and prolonged OS. Immune cells involved in treatment effects differed according to the site of cholangiocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Kida
- Department of Gastroenterology, Public Central Hospital of Matto Ishikawa, Hakusan, Japan
| | - Eishiro Mizukoshi
- Innovative Clinical Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masaaki Kitahara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Komatsu Sophia Hospital, Komatsu, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Miyashita
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku-gun, Japan
| | - Shigenori Goto
- Seta Clinic Group, Department of Next-Generation Cell and Immune Therapy, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Kamigaki
- Seta Clinic Group, Department of Next-Generation Cell and Immune Therapy, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rishu Takimoto
- Seta Clinic Group, Department of Next-Generation Cell and Immune Therapy, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Asai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Public Central Hospital of Matto Ishikawa, Hakusan, Japan
| | - Kaheita Kakinoki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Public Central Hospital of Matto Ishikawa, Hakusan, Japan
| | - Takeshi Urabe
- Department of Gastroenterology, Public Central Hospital of Matto Ishikawa, Hakusan, Japan
| | | | - Shuichi Kaneko
- Department of Information-Based Medicine Development, Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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Ogg GS, Rossjohn J, Clark RA, Moody DB. CD1a and bound lipids drive T-cell responses in human skin disease. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250333. [PMID: 37539748 PMCID: PMC10592190 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
In addition to serving as the main physical barrier with the outside world, human skin is abundantly infiltrated with resident αβ T cells that respond differently to self, infectious, microbiome, and noxious stimuli. To study skin T cells during infection and inflammation, experimental biologists track T-cell surface phenotypes and effector functions, which are often interpreted with the untested assumption that MHC proteins and peptide antigens drive measured responses. However, a broader perspective is that CD1 proteins also activate human T cells, and in skin, Langerhans cells (LCs) are abundant antigen presenting cells that express extremely high levels of CD1a. The emergence of new experimental tools, including CD1a tetramers carrying endogenous lipids, now show that CD1a-reactive T cells comprise a large population of resident T cells in human skin. Here, we review studies showing that skin-derived αβ T cells directly recognize CD1a proteins, and certain bound lipids, such as contact dermatitis allergens, trigger T-cell responses. Other natural skin lipids inhibit CD1a-mediated T-cell responses, providing an entry point for the development of therapeutic lipids that block T-cell responses. Increasing evidence points to a distinct role of CD1a in type 2 and 22 T-cell responses, providing new insights into psoriasis, contact dermatitis, and other T-cell-mediated skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham S. Ogg
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - Rachael A. Clark
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - D. Branch Moody
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School
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Avery D, Morandini L, Gabriec M, Sheakley L, Peralta M, Donahue HJ, Martin RK, Olivares-Navarrete R. Contribution of αβ T cells to macrophage polarization and MSC recruitment and proliferation on titanium implants. Acta Biomater 2023; 169:605-624. [PMID: 37532133 PMCID: PMC10528595 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Physiochemical cues like topography and wettability can impact the inflammatory response and tissue integration after biomaterial implantation. T cells are essential for immunomodulation of innate immune cells and play an important role in the host response to biomaterial implantation. This study aimed to understand how CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets, members of the αβ T cell family, polarize in response to smooth, rough, or rough-hydrophilic titanium (Ti) implants and whether their presence modulates immune cell crosstalk and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) recruitment following biomaterial implantation. Post-implantation in mice, we found that CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets polarized differentially in response to modified Ti surfaces. Additionally, mice lacking αβ T cells had significantly more pro-inflammatory macrophages, fewer anti-inflammatory macrophages, and reduced MSC recruitment in response to modified Ti post-implantation than αβ T cell -competent mice. Our results demonstrate that T cell activation plays a significant role during the inflammatory response to implanted biomaterials, contributing to macrophage polarization and MSC recruitment and proliferation, and the absence of αβ T cells compromises new bone formation at the implantation site. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: T cells are essential for immunomodulation and play an important role in the host response to biomaterial implantation. Our results demonstrate that T cells actively participate during the inflammatory response to implanted biomaterials, controlling macrophage phenotype and recruitment of MSCs to the implantation site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Avery
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Lais Morandini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Melissa Gabriec
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Luke Sheakley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Matthieu Peralta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Henry J Donahue
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Rebecca K Martin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Rene Olivares-Navarrete
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.
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5
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Zheng Z, Wieder T, Mauerer B, Schäfer L, Kesselring R, Braumüller H. T Cells in Colorectal Cancer: Unravelling the Function of Different T Cell Subsets in the Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11673. [PMID: 37511431 PMCID: PMC10380781 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic options for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) are very limited, and the prognosis using combination therapy with a chemotherapeutic drug and a targeted agent, e.g., epidermal growth factor receptor or tyrosine kinase, remains poor. Therefore, mCRC is associated with a poor median overall survival (mOS) of only 25-30 months. Current immunotherapies with checkpoint inhibitor blockade (ICB) have led to a substantial change in the treatment of several cancers, such as melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer. In CRC, ICB has only limited effects, except in patients with microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) or mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR) tumors, which comprise about 15% of sporadic CRC patients and about 4% of patients with metastatic CRC. The vast majority of sporadic CRCs are microsatellite-stable (MSS) tumors with low levels of infiltrating immune cells, in which immunotherapy has no clinical benefit so far. Immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors requires the presence of infiltrating T cells into the tumor microenvironment (TME). This makes T cells the most important effector cells in the TME, as evidenced by the establishment of the immunoscore-a method to estimate the prognosis of CRC patients. The microenvironment of a tumor contains several types of T cells that are anti-tumorigenic, such as CD8+ T cells or pro-tumorigenic, such as regulatory T cells (Tregs) or T helper 17 (Th17) cells. However, even CD8+ T cells show marked heterogeneity, e.g., they can become exhausted, enter a state of hyporesponsiveness or become dysfunctional and express high levels of checkpoint molecules, the targets for ICB. To kill cancer cells, CD8+ T cells need the recognition of the MHC class I, which is often downregulated on colorectal cancer cells. In this case, a population of unconventional T cells with a γδ T cell receptor can overcome the limitations of the conventional CD8+ T cells with an αβT cell receptor. γδ T cells recognize antigens in an MHC-independent manner, thus acting as a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity. Here, we discuss the effects of different T cell subsets in colorectal cancer with a special emphasis on γδ T cells and the possibility of using them in CAR-T cell therapy. We explain T cell exclusion in microsatellite-stable colorectal cancer and the possibilities to overcome this exclusion to enable immunotherapy even in these "cold" tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwen Zheng
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Wieder
- Department of Vegetative and Clinical Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Mauerer
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Luisa Schäfer
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rebecca Kesselring
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heidi Braumüller
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
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Dauphars DJ, Wu G, Bassing CH, Krangel MS. Methods for Study of Mouse T Cell Receptor α and β Gene Rearrangements. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2580:261-282. [PMID: 36374463 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2740-2_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative real-time PCR and next-generation sequencing (NGS) are invaluable techniques to analyze T cell receptor (Tcr) gene rearrangements in mouse lymphocyte populations. Although these approaches are powerful, they also have limitations that must be accounted for in experimental design and data interpretation. Here, we provide relevant background required for understanding these limitations and then outline established quantitative real-time PCR and NGS methods that can be used for analysis of mouse Tcra and Tcrb gene rearrangements in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle J Dauphars
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Glendon Wu
- Immunology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Craig H Bassing
- Immunology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Michael S Krangel
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
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Assy L, Khalil SM, Attia M, Salem ML. IL-12 conditioning of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from breast cancer patients promotes the zoledronate-induced expansion of γδ T cells in vitro and enhances their cytotoxic activity and cytokine production. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 114:109402. [PMID: 36481526 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a series of our preclinical studies, we have reported that conditioning of α/β CD8+ T cells in vitro with interleukin-12 (IL-12) during their expansion improves their homing phenotype and anti-tumor cytolytic function upon their adoptive transfer in vivo. Vγ9+Vδ2+ T cells can also be expanded in vitro with amino bisphosphonates such as zoledronate (ZOL) for the purpose of adoptive therapy. AIM We aimed in this study to use IL-12 to enhance the expansion and cytotoxic functions of ZOL-expanded Vγ9+Vδ2+T cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were separated from healthy donors and stage II breast cancer patients. PBMCs (1 × 106 cells/mL) were cultured and treated with ZOL/IL2, ZOL/IL2/IL12, or IL2/IL12. Cultured cells were harvested on days 7 and 14 of culture and their numbers, phenotype, and cytolytic activity were assessed. The levels of pro- and inflammatory cytokines/chemokines in the plasma and supernatants of the cultured cells were analyzed by Luminex. RESULTS In healthy subjects, the addition of IL-12 to ZOL/IL2-stimulated PBMCs increased the expansion and the cytotoxic activity of Vγ9+Vδ2+ T cells on days 7 and 14 of culture. The latter was measured by the expression level of the cytolytic molecules granzyme B (GZB) and perforin (PER). Of note, αβ CD8 + T cells were also activated under the same condition but with a lesser extent addition of IL-12 to ZOL/IL2-stimulated PBMCs from cancer patients also induced similar effects but were lower than in control subjects. Interestingly, ZOL/IL2/IL12-treated PBMCs showed higher levels of cytokines/chemokines, in particular, CCL, CCL4, GM-CSF, IL-1rα; IL-12, IL-13, TNF, and IFNγ measured on days 7 and 14. CONCLUSION The addition of IL12 at the start of the expansion protocol can enhance the activity of γδ T cells which might be mediated in part by the activation of αβ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lobna Assy
- Immunology and Biotechnology Unit, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt; Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, New Tanta University Teaching Hospital, Tanta, University, Egypt
| | - Sohaila M Khalil
- Immunology and Biotechnology Unit, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt; Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, New Tanta University Teaching Hospital, Tanta, University, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Attia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mohamed L Salem
- Immunology and Biotechnology Unit, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt; Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, New Tanta University Teaching Hospital, Tanta, University, Egypt.
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Abstract
T cell development is a complex multistep process that requires the coordinated activation of distinct signaling responses and the regulated progression of developing cells (thymocytes) through key stages of maturation. Although sophisticated techniques such as fetal thymus organ culture, in vitro thymocyte culture, and multiparameter flow cytometry-based cell sorting are now widely employed to evaluate thymocyte maturation by experienced laboratories, defects in T cell development can usually be identified with relatively simple flow cytometry screening methods. Here, we provide a basic protocol for assessment of T cell development that will enable laboratories with access to a multi-laser flow cytometer to screen mouse strains, including those generated from embryonic stem cells with targeted gene mutations, for thymocyte maturation defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Y M Lee
- Section on Hematopoiesis and Lymphocyte Biology, Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paul E Love
- Section on Hematopoiesis and Lymphocyte Biology, Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Chan KF, Duarte JDG, Ostrouska S, Behren A. γδ T Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment-Interactions With Other Immune Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:894315. [PMID: 35880177 PMCID: PMC9307934 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.894315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing number of studies have shown that γδ T cells play a pivotal role in mediating the clearance of tumors and pathogen-infected cells with their potent cytotoxic, cytolytic, and unique immune-modulating functions. Unlike the more abundant αβ T cells, γδ T cells can recognize a broad range of tumors and infected cells without the requirement of antigen presentation via major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. Our group has recently demonstrated parts of the mechanisms of T-cell receptor (TCR)-dependent activation of Vγ9Vδ2+ T cells by tumors following the presentation of phosphoantigens, intermediates of the mevalonate pathway. This process is mediated through the B7 immunoglobulin family-like butyrophilin 2A1 (BTN2A1) and BTN3A1 complexes. Such recognition results in activation, a robust immunosurveillance process, and elicits rapid γδ T-cell immune responses. These include targeted cell killing, and the ability to produce copious quantities of cytokines and chemokines to exert immune-modulating properties and to interact with other immune cells. This immune cell network includes αβ T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, monocytes, natural killer cells, and neutrophils, hence heavily influencing the outcome of immune responses. This key role in orchestrating immune cells and their natural tropism for tumor microenvironment makes γδ T cells an attractive target for cancer immunotherapy. Here, we review the current understanding of these important interactions and highlight the implications of the crosstalk between γδ T cells and other immune cells in the context of anti-tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kok Fei Chan
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Jessica Da Gama Duarte
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Simone Ostrouska
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Andreas Behren
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Andreu-Ballester JC, Arribas MA, Rico M, García-Ballesteros C, Galindo-Regal L, Sorando-Serra R, Albert L, Navarro A, López-Chuliá F, Peydró F, Cuéllar C. Changes of CD3+CD56+ γδ T cell number and apoptosis during hospital admission are related to mortality in septic patients. Clin Immunol 2022; 236:108956. [PMID: 35176483 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2022.108956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Immunoparalysis and apoptosis of T cells are serious problems for the evolution of septic patients. We aimed to relate changes in the number of αβ and γδ T cells during hospital stay to the poor evolution of sepsis. In this prospective study, we recruited a total of 92 septic patients from the Emergency and Intensive Care Departments of two Hospitals, according to the latest criteria for the definition and management of sepsis. According to the severity of the septic process, there was a progressive decrease in T cells, being much more intense in γδ T cells. This decrease recovered in surviving patients, but CD3+CD56+ γδ T cells continued to decreased during hospital stay in non-surviving patients. Apoptosis increased in sepsis. Cell death of CD3+CD56+ γδ T cells progressively increased according to the severity of sepsis, especially in non-surviving patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M A Arribas
- Critical Care Department, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - M Rico
- Critical Care Department, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital, Valencia, Spain.
| | - C García-Ballesteros
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital, Valencia, Spain.
| | - L Galindo-Regal
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - R Sorando-Serra
- Emergency Department, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - L Albert
- Critical Care Department, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Navarro
- Critical Care Department, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - F López-Chuliá
- Hematology Department, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital, Valencia, Spain.
| | - F Peydró
- Critical Care Department, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - C Cuéllar
- Microbiology and Parasitology Department, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.
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Born WK, O'Brien RL. Becoming aware of γδ T cells. Adv Immunol 2022; 153:91-117. [PMID: 35469596 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The discovery that B cells and αβ T cells exist was predictable: These cells gave themselves away through their products and biological effects. In contrast, there was no reason to anticipate the existence of γδ T cells. Even the accidental discovery of a novel TCR-like gene (later named γ) that did not encode TCR α or β proteins did not immediately change this. TCR-like γ had no obvious function, and its early expression in the thymus encouraged speculation about a possible role in αβ T cell development. However, the identification of human PBL-derived cell-lines which expressed CD3 in complex with the TCR-like γ protein, but not the αβ TCR, first indicated that a second T cell-type might exist, and the TCR-like γ chain was observed to co-precipitate with another protein. Amid speculation about a possible second TCR, this potential dimeric partner was named δ. To determine if the δ protein was indeed TCR-like, we undertook to sequence it. Meanwhile, a fourth TCR-like gene was discovered and provisionally named x. TCR-like x had revealed itself through genomic rearrangements early in T cell development, and was an attractive candidate for the gene encoding δ. The observation that δ protein sequences matched the predicted amino acid sequences encoded by the x gene, as well as serological cross-reactivity, confirmed that the TCR-like x gene indeed encoded the δ protein. Thus, the γδ heterodimer was established as a second TCR, and the cells that express it (the γδ T cells) consequently represented a third lymphocyte-population with the potential of recognizing diverse antigens. Soon, it became clear that γδ T cells are widely distributed and conserved among the vertebrate species, implying biological importance. Consistently, early functional studies revealed their roles in host resistance to pathogens, tissue repair, immune regulation, metabolism, organ physiology and more. Albeit discovered late, γδ T cells have repeatedly proven to play a distinct and often critical immunological role, and now generate much interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willi K Born
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States.
| | - Rebecca L O'Brien
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO, United States
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12
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Zhang M, Lu X, Wei C, Li X. Association between αβ and γδ T-cell subsets and clinicopathological characteristics in patients with breast cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:325. [PMID: 33123241 PMCID: PMC7584013 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to discuss the effect of surgery on the T-lymphocyte subsets of patients with breast cancer (BC) and investigate the association between peripheral blood αβ and γδ T-cell counts and the clinicopathological characteristics of BC. The CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ and γδ T-cell subsets in the peripheral blood of healthy volunteers and Patients with BC before and after surgery were determined using flow cytometry. The association between αβ and γδ T-cell counts in the peripheral blood and clinicopathological characteristics was analyzed by comparing the differences in the αβ and γδ T-cell counts in the peripheral blood of Patients with BC before and after surgery with those of healthy volunteers and combining with clinicopathological data. The CD3+, CD4+ and γδ T-cell counts in the peripheral blood of Patients with BC were lower compared with those in healthy volunteers (P=0.0077, 0.0116 and 0.0003, respectively), whereas the number of CD8+ cells was higher (P=0.0241). The CD3+, CD4+ and γδ T-cell counts and the CD4+/CD8+ ratio after surgery were significantly higher compared with those before surgery (P=0.0109, 0.0031, 0.0165 and 0.018, respectively). There was no significant difference between the number of CD8+ cells before and after surgery (P=0.0053), but the number of CD8+ cells was higher in healthy volunteers compared with that in Patients with BC (P<0.05). Moreover, the CD3+ cell number was higher in patients with TNM stage II/III compared with those with TNM stage I disease (P=0.187 and 0.022, respectively), and the peripheral blood CD4+/CD8+ ratio and number of γδ T cells were lower in stage III compared with stage I Patients with BC (P=0.0065 and 0.0176, respectively). Histological grading demonstrated that the CD4+/CD8+ ratio and number of γδ T cells in patients with stage III BC were lower compared with those with stage I BC (P=0.02 and 0.0128, respectively). The γδ T-cell count in patients with luminal A and B subtypes was significantly higher compared with that in patients with basal-like subtype (P=0.004 and 0.0104, respectively). The CD3+, CD4+ and γδ T-cell counts were significantly lower in patients with lymph node (LN) metastasis compared with those without LN metastasis, and the CD8+ cell number was lower in patients without LN metastasis compared with that in patients with >10 LN metastases (P=0.0086, 0.0000 and 0.00468, respectively). The CD8+ cell count in patients without LN metastasis was lower compared with that in patients with 4–9 and >10 LN metastases (P=0.0435 and 0.0283, respectively). Surgery affects the T-lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with BC, and αβ and γδ T-cell counts may increase following mastectomy. Therefore, measurement of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets is crucial for understanding the immune function status of Patients with BC with differences in TNM stage, histological grade, cell subtypes and LN metastases, and may provide a basis for the application of T-cell subsets in the comprehensive treatment of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- First Clinical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, P.R. China
| | - Xueling Lu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tai'an City Central Hospital, Tai'an, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Changran Wei
- First Clinical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, P.R. China
| | - Xiangqi Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
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Shepherd FR, McLaren JE. T Cell Immunity to Bacterial Pathogens: Mechanisms of Immune Control and Bacterial Evasion. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6144. [PMID: 32858901 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The human body frequently encounters harmful bacterial pathogens and employs immune defense mechanisms designed to counteract such pathogenic assault. In the adaptive immune system, major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted αβ T cells, along with unconventional αβ or γδ T cells, respond to bacterial antigens to orchestrate persisting protective immune responses and generate immunological memory. Research in the past ten years accelerated our knowledge of how T cells recognize bacterial antigens and how many bacterial species have evolved mechanisms to evade host antimicrobial immune responses. Such escape mechanisms act to corrupt the crosstalk between innate and adaptive immunity, potentially tipping the balance of host immune responses toward pathological rather than protective. This review examines the latest developments in our knowledge of how T cell immunity responds to bacterial pathogens and evaluates some of the mechanisms that pathogenic bacteria use to evade such T cell immunosurveillance, to promote virulence and survival in the host.
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Chiplunkar SV, Gogoi D. The multifaceted role of Notch signal in regulating T cell fate. Immunol Lett 2019; 206:59-64. [PMID: 30629981 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Notch signaling pathway facilitates important cellular functions of the host. Notch signal is essential for the development of T cells, and the role of Notch in fine tuning of αβ versus γδ T cell lineage commitment is fundamentally different in mice and human. The Notch family of cell surface receptor likewise plays a critical role in regulating T cell activation, and influences T cell response both intrinsically and through the local environment. In this review, we take an overview of Notch signaling pathway and also emphasize the role of Notch signal in T cell lineage differentiation and activating effector function of peripheral T cells.
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Andreu-Ballester JC, Zamora V, Garcia-Ballesteros C, Benet-Campos C, Lopez-Chuliá F, Tormo-Calandín C, Cuéllar C. Anti-Anisakis sp. antibodies in serum of patients with sepsis and their relationship with γδ T cells and disease severity. Int J Parasitol 2018. [PMID: 29518408 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Immunosuppression in sepsis reduces both αβ and γδ T cell subsets. Anisakis sp. is a parasitic nematode with a high prevalence in Spain. Previous contact with the parasite is related to a decrease in γδ T cells. Anti-Anisakis antibodies were measured and related to αβ and γδ T cells in 114 septic patients versus 97 healthy controls. Significant differences were seen with respect to the groups with severe sepsis and septic shock where lower anti-Anisakis levels were observed. A similar decrease appeared in the case of specific IgM with significant differences between the groups of control/uncomplicated sepsis versus severe sepsis and septic shock. These differences were also apparent in the case of specific IgA. The lowest IgE levels were detected in the septic shock group. Anti-Anisakis IgG levels significantly increased in septic shock groups compared with the controls. We observed positive correlations among anti-Anisakis IgA levels and all γδ T cell subsets. There were negative correlations among IgA levels and APACHE and SOFA indices. Greater contact with the parasite (IgG) was directly related with septic shock, inflammation and markers of sepsis severity. A lack of protection in the mucosa (IgA and γδ T cells) was associated with the disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vega Zamora
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Carmen Cuéllar
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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16
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Abstract
The adaptive immune system continually faces unpredictable circumstances yet reproducibly counteracts invading pathogens while limiting damage to self. However, the system is dynamic in nature: many of its internal components are not fixed, but rather, fluctuate over time. This concept is exemplified by αβ T lymphocytes, which vary significantly from cell-to-cell in their spatiotemporal dynamics, antigen-binding receptors, and subcellular protein concentrations. How are reproducible immune functions achieved in the face of such variability? This design principle is known as robustness and requires the system to employ layered control schemes that both buffer and exploit different facets of cellular variation. In this article, we discuss these schemes and their applications to individual αβ T cell responses as well as integrated population level behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harikesh S Wong
- Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Systems Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1892, USA.
| | - Ronald N Germain
- Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Systems Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1892, USA.
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17
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Dar AA, Bhat SA, Gogoi D, Gokhale A, Chiplunkar SV. Inhibition of Notch signalling has ability to alter the proximal and distal TCR signalling events in human CD3 + αβ T-cells. Mol Immunol 2017; 92:116-124. [PMID: 29078088 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The Notch signalling pathway is an important regulator of T cell function and is known to regulate the effector functions of T cells driven by T cell receptor (TCR). However, the mechanism integrating these pathways in human CD3+ αβ T cells is not well understood. The present study was carried out to investigate how Notch and TCR driven signalling are synchronized in human αβ T cells. Differential expression of Notch receptors, ligands, and target genes is observed on human αβ T cells which are upregulated on stimulation with α-CD3/CD28 mAb. Inhibition of Notch signalling by GSI-X inhibited the activation of T cells and affected proximal T cell signalling by regulating CD3-ζ chain expression. Inhibition of Notch signalling decreased the protein expression of CD3-ζ chain and induced expression of E3 ubiquitin ligase (GRAIL) in human αβ T cells. Apart from affecting proximal TCR signalling, Notch signalling also regulated the distal TCR signalling events. In the absence of Notch signalling, α-CD3/CD28 mAb induced activation and IFN-γ production by αβ T cells was down-modulated. The absence of Notch signalling in human αβ T cells inhibited proliferative responses despite strong signalling through TCR and IL-2 receptor. This study shows how Notch signalling cooperates with TCR signalling by regulating CD3-ζ chain expression to support proliferation and activation of human αβ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif A Dar
- Chiplunkar Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400094, India
| | - Sajad A Bhat
- Chiplunkar Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400094, India
| | - Dimpu Gogoi
- Chiplunkar Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400094, India
| | - Abhiram Gokhale
- Chiplunkar Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra 410210, India
| | - Shubhada V Chiplunkar
- Chiplunkar Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400094, India.
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Abdelhakim H, Abdel-Azim H, Saad A. Role of αβ T Cell Depletion in Prevention of Graft versus Host Disease. Biomedicines 2017; 5:E35. [PMID: 28672883 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines5030035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Graft versus host disease (GVHD) represents a major complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo HCT). Graft cellular manipulation has been used to mitigate the risk of GVHD. The αβ T cells are considered the primary culprit for causing GVHD therefore depletion of this T cell subset emerged as a promising cellular manipulation strategy to overcome the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) barrier of haploidentical (haplo) HCT. This approach is also being investigated in HLA-matched HCT. In several studies, αβ T cell depletion HCT has been performed without pharmacologic GVHD prophylaxis, thus unleashing favorable effect of donor’s natural killer cells (NK) and γδ T cells. This article will discuss the evolution of this method in clinical practice and the clinical outcome as described in different clinical trials.
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Benet-Campos C, Cuéllar C, García-Ballesteros C, Zamora V, Gil-Borrás R, Catalán-Serra I, López-Chuliá F, Andreu-Ballester JC. Determination of Anti-Anisakis Simplex Antibodies and Relationship with αβ and γδ Lymphocyte Subpopulations in Patients with Crohn's Disease. Dig Dis Sci 2017; 62:934-943. [PMID: 28168577 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-017-4473-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The etiology of Crohn's disease (CD) is still unknown although new theories are based on defects in innate immunity. We have previously shown a decrease in γδ T cells in CD patients. Previous studies have shown a high prevalence of anti-A. simplex immunoglobulins in CD patients. The diminution of γδ T cells in the peripheral blood and intestinal mucosa of CD patients may create a state of immunosuppression that would facilitate A. simplex infection. AIMS To study the antibody responses to Anisakis antigens in Crohn's disease patients and its relationship with αβ and γδ T cell subsets. METHODS We recruited 81 CD patients and 81 healthy controls. αβ and γδ T cell subsets and anti-A. simplex antibodies were measured. RESULTS Levels of anti-A. simplex IgG and IgM were significantly increased in CD patients. Almost 20% of CD patients were positive for IgG and IgM anti-A. simplex versus only 3.7 and 2.5%, respectively, in normal subjects. However, lower specific IgA levels were observed in the group of CD patients versus healthy subjects. We found an association between CD3 + CD8 + γδ subset and IgM anti-A. simplex levels. In ileal cases and stricturing behavior of CD, we observed the highest levels of specific antibodies with the exception of anti-A. simplex IgA. CONCLUSIONS The relationship of specific antibodies with a γδ T cell deficiency makes these cell candidates to play a role in the immune response against Anisakis. In addition, anti-Anisakis antibodies could be considered as markers of risk of progression in CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Benet-Campos
- Hematology Department, Arnau de Vilanova Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - C Cuéllar
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - V Zamora
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - R Gil-Borrás
- Digestive Department, IBD Unit, Arnau de Vilanova Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - I Catalán-Serra
- Digestive Department, IBD Unit, Arnau de Vilanova Hospital, Valencia, Spain
- Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology Department, Levanger Hospital, Helse Nord-Trondelag, Levanger, Norway
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Norwegian Science and Technology University (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - F López-Chuliá
- Hematology Department, Arnau de Vilanova Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - J C Andreu-Ballester
- Research Department, Arnau de Vilanova Hospital, c/San Clemente 12, 46015, Valencia, Spain.
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20
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Li Pira G, Di Cecca S, Biagini S, Girolami E, Cicchetti E, Bertaina V, Quintarelli C, Caruana I, Lucarelli B, Merli P, Pagliara D, Brescia LP, Bertaina A, Montanari M, Locatelli F. Preservation of Antigen-Specific Functions of αβ T Cells and B Cells Removed from Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplants Suggests Their Use As an Alternative Cell Source for Advanced Manipulation and Adoptive Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2017; 8:332. [PMID: 28386262 PMCID: PMC5362590 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is standard therapy for numerous hematological diseases. The use of haploidentical donors, sharing half of the HLA alleles with the recipient, has facilitated the use of this procedure as patients can rely on availability of a haploidentical donor within their family. Since HLA disparity increases the risk of graft-versus-host disease, T-cell depletion has been used to remove alloreactive lymphocytes from the graft. Selective removal of αβ T cells, which encompass the alloreactive repertoire, combined with removal of B cells to prevent EBV-related lymphoproliferative disease, proved safe and effective in clinical studies. Depleted αβ T cells and B cells are generally discarded as by-products. Considering the possible use of donor T cells for donor lymphocyte infusions or for generation of pathogen-specific T cells as mediators of graft-versus-infection effect, we tested whether cells in the discarded fractions were functionally intact. Response to alloantigens and to viral antigens comparable to that of unmanipulated cells indicated a functional integrity of αβ T cells, in spite of the manipulation used for their depletion. Furthermore, B cells proved to be efficient antigen-presenting cells, indicating that antigen uptake, processing, and presentation were fully preserved. Therefore, we propose that separated αβ T lymphocytes could be employed for obtaining pathogen-specific T cells, applying available methods for positive selection, which eventually leads to indirect allodepletion. In addition, these functional T cells could undergo additional manipulation, such as direct allodepletion or genetic modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Li Pira
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital , Rome , Italy
| | - Stefano Di Cecca
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital , Rome , Italy
| | - Simone Biagini
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital , Rome , Italy
| | - Elia Girolami
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital , Rome , Italy
| | - Elisabetta Cicchetti
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital , Rome , Italy
| | - Valentina Bertaina
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital , Rome , Italy
| | - Concetta Quintarelli
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of "Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia", University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ignazio Caruana
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital , Rome , Italy
| | - Barbarella Lucarelli
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital , Rome , Italy
| | - Pietro Merli
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital , Rome , Italy
| | - Daria Pagliara
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital , Rome , Italy
| | - Letizia Pomponia Brescia
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital , Rome , Italy
| | - Alice Bertaina
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital , Rome , Italy
| | - Mauro Montanari
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital , Rome , Italy
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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21
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Mondragón L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Immunosuppressive γδ T cells foster pancreatic carcinogenesis. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1237328. [PMID: 27999755 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1237328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mondragón
- Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; INSERM, U1138, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France; Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; INSERM, U1138, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France; Pôle de Biologie, Hopitâl Européen George Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; INSERM, U1138, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France; Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France; Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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22
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Rodríguez-Gómez IM, Talker SC, Käser T, Stadler M, Hammer SE, Saalmüller A, Gerner W. Expression of T-bet, Eomesodermin and GATA-3 in porcine αβ T cells. Dev Comp Immunol 2016; 60:115-126. [PMID: 26920461 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factors GATA-3, T-bet and Eomesodermin play important roles in T-cell development, differentiation and memory formation. However, their expression has not been studied in great detail in porcine T cells. We report on protein expression at the single cell-level of these transcription factors in thymocytes and mature αβ T cells. GATA-3 expression was found in γδ(-) thymocytes, with decreasing expression from the CD4(-)CD8α(-) stage towards single-positive stages. Extra-thymic CD4(+) T cells but not CD8β(+) T cells expressed low levels of GATA-3, which decreased with age. CD4(+) and CD8β(+) T-bet(+) cells mainly displayed a CD8α(+)CD27(-) and perforin(+)CD27(dim/-) phenotype, respectively and had the capacity for IFN-γ production; indicative of an effector/effector memory phenotype. Eomesodermin(+) αβ T cells had mixed phenotypes in regard to CD8α, CD27 and perforin expression. In conclusion, our data so far support the hitherto reported roles for GATA-3 in T-cell development and T-bet for Th1 effector-differentiation, but question the role of Eomesodermin for memory formation of porcine T-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene M Rodríguez-Gómez
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephanie C Talker
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tobias Käser
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Stadler
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine E Hammer
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Armin Saalmüller
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wilhelm Gerner
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
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Oh K, Seo MW, Kim YW, Lee DS. Osteopontin Potentiates Pulmonary Inflammation and Fibrosis by Modulating IL-17/IFN-γ-secreting T-cell Ratios in Bleomycin-treated Mice. Immune Netw 2015; 15:142-9. [PMID: 26140046 PMCID: PMC4486777 DOI: 10.4110/in.2015.15.3.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung fibrosis is a life-threatening disease caused by overt or insidious inflammatory responses. However, the mechanism of tissue injury-induced inflammation and subsequent fibrogenesis remains unclear. Recently, we and other groups reported that Th17 responses play a role in amplification of the inflammatory phase in a murine model induced by bleomycin (BLM). Osteopontin (OPN) is a cytokine and extracellular-matrix-associated signaling molecule. However, whether tissue injury causes inflammation and consequent fibrosis through OPN should be determined. In this study, we observed that BLM-induced lung inflammation and subsequent fibrosis was ameliorated in OPN-deficient mice. OPN was expressed ubiquitously in the lung parenchymal and bone-marrow-derived components and OPN from both components contributed to pathogenesis following BLM intratracheal instillation. Th17 differentiation of CD4+ αβ T cells and IL-17-producing γδ T cells was significantly reduced in OPN-deficient mice compared to WT mice. In addition, Th1 differentiation of CD4+ αβ T cells and the percentage of IFN-γ-producing γδ T cells increased. T helper cell differentiation in vitro revealed that OPN was preferentially upregulated in CD4+ T cells under Th17 differentiation conditions. OPN expressed in both parenchymal and bone marrow cell components and contributed to BLM-induced lung inflammation and fibrosis by affecting the ratio of pathogenic IL-17/protective IFN-γ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keunhee Oh
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cancer Biology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea. ; Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | - Myung Won Seo
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cancer Biology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | - Young Whan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | - Dong-Sup Lee
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cancer Biology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea. ; Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea
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Gerner W, Talker SC, Koinig HC, Sedlak C, Mair KH, Saalmüller A. Phenotypic and functional differentiation of porcine αβ T cells: current knowledge and available tools. Mol Immunol 2014; 66:3-13. [PMID: 25466616 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2014.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Domestic pigs are considered as a valuable large animal model because of their close relation to humans in regard to anatomy, genetics and physiology. This includes their potential use as organ donors in xenotransplantation but also studies on various zoonotic infections affecting pigs and humans. Such work also requires a thorough understanding of the porcine immune system which was partially hampered in the past by restrictions on available immunological tools compared to rodent models. However, progress has been made during recent years in the study of both, the innate and the adaptive immune system of pigs. In this review we will summarize the current knowledge on porcine αβ T cells, which comprise two major lymphocyte subsets of the adaptive immune system: CD4(+) T cells with important immunoregulatory functions and CD8(+) T cells, also designated as cytolytic T cells. Aspects on their functional and phenotypic differentiation are presented. In addition, we summarize currently available tools to study these subsets which may support a more widespread use of swine as a large animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilhelm Gerner
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Stephanie C Talker
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hanna C Koinig
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria; University Clinic for Swine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Corinna Sedlak
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kerstin H Mair
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Armin Saalmüller
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
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Zeng JC, Lin DZ, Yi LL, Liu GB, Zhang H, Wang WD, Zhang JA, Wu XJ, Xiang WY, Kong B, Chen ZW, Wang CY, Xu JF. BTLA exhibits immune memory for αβ T cells in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis. Am J Transl Res 2014; 6:494-506. [PMID: 25360214 PMCID: PMC4212924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite past extensive studies, the role of B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) in αβ T cells in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis (ATB) remains poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that BTLA expression on αβ T cells is decreased in patients with M. tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. Particularly, BTLA expression levels are likely critical for αβ T cells to manifest and maintain an active central memory phenotype with high capacity for secretion of IFN-γ and perforin, which are important for immune memory against TB infection. BTLA(high) αβ T cells also exhibited higher capacity in response to Mtb peptide stimulation. In contrast to the role of BTLA played for negative regulation of immune responses, our data in the current studies suggest that BTLA expression on αβ T cells is likely associated with protective immune memory against Mtb infection in the setting of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis. This previous unappreciated role for BTLA may have implications for prevention and treatment of patients with Mtb infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Cheng Zeng
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical CollegeNo. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan 523808, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular DiagnosticsNo. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Dong-Zi Lin
- Dongguan Hospital for Prophylaxis and Treatment of Chronic DiseaseDongguan 523008, China
| | - Lai-Long Yi
- Dongguan Hospital for Prophylaxis and Treatment of Chronic DiseaseDongguan 523008, China
| | - Gan-Bin Liu
- Dongguan Hospital for Prophylaxis and Treatment of Chronic DiseaseDongguan 523008, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical CollegeNo. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan 523808, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular DiagnosticsNo. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Wan-Dang Wang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical CollegeNo. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Jun-Ai Zhang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical CollegeNo. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan 523808, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular DiagnosticsNo. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Xian-Jing Wu
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical CollegeNo. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan 523808, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical CollegeZhanjiang 524000, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen-Yu Xiang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical CollegeNo. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Bin Kong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular DiagnosticsNo. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Zheng W Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of MedicineChicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Cong-Yi Wang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical CollegeNo. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan 523808, China
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology1095 Jiefang Ave., Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jun-Fa Xu
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical CollegeNo. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan 523808, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular DiagnosticsNo. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan 523808, China
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Deng X, Terunuma H, Terunuma A, Takane T, Nieda M. Ex vivo-expanded natural killer cells kill cancer cells more effectively than ex vivo-expanded γδ T cells or αβ T cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 22:486-91. [PMID: 25131561 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Adoptive immunotherapy of cancer is evolving with the development of novel technologies for generating a large number of activated killer cells such as natural killer (NK) cells, γδ T cells, and αβ T cells. We have recently established large-scale culture methods to generate activated NK cells from human peripheral blood, and demonstrated that expanded NK cells have higher cytotoxicity against cancer cells than freshly isolated NK cells. In this study, we compared cultured NK cells with cultured γδ T and αβ T cells that were prepared by conventional culture methods regarding the expression of cytotoxic molecules and cytotoxicity against cancer cells. Natural cytotoxicity receptors such as NKp30, NKp44 and NKp46, and perforin were expressed most exclusively on NK cells. Granzyme A, NKG2D, and interferon-γ were dominantly expressed in NK cells and γδ T cells but not in αβ T cells. Consistent with the expression profiles of the cytotoxic molecules, cultured NK cells from both healthy volunteers and cancer patients demonstrated significantly higher cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines, including MHC class I-positive cell lines, compared with cultured γδ T cells and cultured αβ T cells. Additionally, NK cells, unlike γδ T cells or αβ T cells, expressed high levels of CD16, and showed augmented cytotoxicity when co-administered with an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody drug, rituximab. These results suggest the excellent efficacy of expanded NK cells for cancer treatment.
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Inoue SI, Niikura M, Mineo S, Kobayashi F. Roles of IFN-γ and γδ T Cells in Protective Immunity Against Blood-Stage Malaria. Front Immunol 2013; 4:258. [PMID: 24009610 PMCID: PMC3756480 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria is caused by infection with Plasmodium parasites. Various studies with knockout mice have indicated that IFN-γ plays essential roles in protective immunity against blood-stage Plasmodium infection. However, after Plasmodium infection, increased IFN-γ production by various types of cells is involved not only in protective immunity, but also in immunopathology. Recent reports have shown that IFN-γ acts as a pro-inflammatory cytokine to induce not only the activation of macrophages, but also the generation of uncommon myelolymphoid progenitor cells after Plasmodium infection. However, the effects of IFN-γ on hematopoietic stem cells and progenitor cells are unclear. Therefore, the regulation of hematopoiesis by IFN-γ during Plasmodium infection remains to be clarified. Although there are conflicting reports concerning the significance of γδ T cells in protective immunity against Plasmodium infection, γδ T cells may respond to infection and produce IFN-γ as innate immune cells in the early phase of blood-stage malaria. Our recent studies have shown that γδ T cells express CD40 ligand and produce IFN-γ after Plasmodium infection, resulting in the enhancement of dendritic cell activation as part of the immune response to eliminate Plasmodium parasites. These data suggest that the function of γδ T cells is similar to that of NK cells. Although several reports suggest that γδ T cells have the potential to act as memory cells for various infections, it remains to be determined whether memory γδ T cells are generated by Plasmodium infection and whether memory γδ T cells can contribute to the host defense against re-infection with Plasmodium. Here, we summarize and discuss the effects of IFN-γ and the various functions of γδ T cells in blood-stage Plasmodium infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichi Inoue
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka , Tokyo , Japan
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