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Jang SG, Lee W, Ha J, Choi S. Is physical restraint unethical and illegal?: a qualitative analysis of Korean written judgments. BMC Nurs 2024; 23:94. [PMID: 38311777 PMCID: PMC10838439 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-024-01781-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical restraint (PR) is used to ensure the safety of care recipients. However, this causes an ethical dilemma between the autonomy and dignity of the recipients and the provision of effective treatment by health workers. This study aimed to analyze legal and ethical situations related to the use of PR using written judgments. METHODS This study uses a qualitative retrospective design. Qualitative content analysis was performed on South Korean written judgments. A total of 38 cases from 2015 to 2021 were categorized. The types of court decisions and ethical dilemma situations were examined according to the four principles of bioethics, and the courts' judgments were compared. RESULTS Written judgments related to PR were classified into three types according to the appropriateness of PR use, the presence or absence of duty of care, and legal negligence. Ethical dilemmas were categorized into three situations depending on whether the four principles of bioethics were followed. The courts' decisions regarding the ethical dilemmas differed depending on the situational factors before and after the use of PR and the conflicting conditions of the ethical principles. CONCLUSIONS Health workers should consider legal and ethical requirements when determining whether to use PR to provide the care recipient with the necessary treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Won Lee
- Department of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongmin Ha
- Department of Nursing, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkyoung Choi
- Department of Nursing, Catholic Kwandong University, 24, Beomil-ro 579, 25601, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.
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Shetty SR, Burke S, Timmons D, Kennedy HG, Tuohy M, Terkildsen MD. Patient perspective on observation methods used in seclusion room in an Irish forensic mental health setting: A qualitative study. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2023. [PMID: 37929765 DOI: 10.1111/jpm.12979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: Nurses' observation of patients in seclusion is essential to ensure patient safety. Patient observation in seclusion assists nurses in adhering to the requirements of mental health legislation and hospital policy. Direct observation and video monitoring are widely used in observing patients in seclusion. Coercive practices may cause distress to patient-staff relations. WHAT THE PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: We add detailed information on specific observation methods in seclusion and compare them from the perspective of patients. Nurses communicating with patients ensures relational contact and that quality care is provided to patients even in the most distressed phase of their illness. Providing prior information to patients on observation methods in seclusion and the need for engaging patients in meaningful activities, while in seclusion are emphasized. Observation via camera and nurses' presence near the seclusion room made patients feel safe and gave a sense of being cared for in seclusion. Pixellating the video camera would give a sense of privacy and dignity. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE?: The overarching goal is to prevent seclusion. However, when seclusion is used as a last resort to manage risk to others, it should be done in ways that recognize the human rights of the patient, in ways that are least harmful, and in ways that recognize and cater to patients' unique needs. A consistent approach to relational contact and communication is essential. A care plan must include patient's preferred approach for interacting while in seclusion to support individualized care provision. Viewing panels (small window on the seclusion door) are important in establishing two-way communication with the patient. Educating nurses to utilize them correctly helps stimulate relational contact and communication during seclusion to benefit patients. Engaging patients in meaningful activities when in seclusion is essential to keep them connected to the outside world. Depending on the patient's presentation in the seclusion room and their preferences for interactions, reading newspapers, poems, stories, or a book chapter aloud to patients, via the viewing panel could help ensure such connectedness. More focus should be placed on providing communication training to nurses to strengthen their communication skills in caring for individuals in challenging care situations. Patient education is paramount. Providing prior information to patients using a co-produced information leaflet might reduce their anxiety and make them feel safe in the room. When using cameras in the seclusion room, these should be pixelated to maintain patients' privacy. ABSTRACT: Introduction A lack of research investigating the specific role that various observational techniques may have in shaping the therapeutic relations in mental health care during seclusion warranted this study. Aim The aim of the study was to explore patients' experience of different methods of observation used while the patient was in seclusion. Method A retrospective phenomenological approach, using semi-structured interviews, ten patients' experiences of being observed in the seclusion room was investigated. Colaizzi's descriptive phenomenological method was followed to analyse the data. Results Communicating and engaging patients in meaningful activities can be achieved via the viewing panel. The camera was considered essential in monitoring behaviour and promoting a sense of safety. Pixelating the camera may transform patient view on privacy in seclusion. Discussion The mental health services must strive to prevent seclusion and every effort should be made to recognise the human rights of the patient. The study reveals numerous advantages when nurses actively engage in patient communication during the process of observation. Implications for Practice Different observation methods yield different benefits; therefore, staff education in using these methods is paramount. Empowering the patient with prior information on seclusion, engaging them in meaningful activities and proper documentation on patient engagement, supports the provision of individualised care in seclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shobha Rani Shetty
- National Forensic Mental Health Service, Central Mental Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Nursing Midwifery and Health Systems, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Shauna Burke
- National Forensic Mental Health Service, Central Mental Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David Timmons
- National Forensic Mental Health Service, Central Mental Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Harry G Kennedy
- Forensic Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Forensic Psychiatry, Aarhus University, Dublin, Ireland
- Forensic Psychiatry, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mary Tuohy
- National Forensic Mental Health Service, Central Mental Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Morten Deleuran Terkildsen
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Centre for Forensic Psychiatric Research and Development (CerF), Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Aarhus N, Denmark
- DEFACTUM, Central Denmark Region, Aarhus N, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus N, Denmark
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Aguilera-Serrano C, Goodman-Casanova JM, Bordallo-Aragón A, García-Sánchez JA, Mayoral-Cleries F, Guzmán-Parra J. Attitudes about Mechanical Restraint Use in Mental Health Hospitalization Services: A Spanish Survey. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:1909. [PMID: 37444743 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11131909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the attitudes of professionals in Mental Health Services throughout Spain who are directly or indirectly involved in the use of mechanical restraint and the barriers perceived to reduce its use. The study involved an online anonymous survey using Google Forms completed by Spanish mental health professionals working with service users; the survey assessed their involvement in and general attitudes and beliefs towards mechanical restraint. The survey was completed by 225 participants. Only 13.30% of the participants considered that mechanical restraint use was never necessary to guarantee the safety of users/staff in dangerous situations. Poor staff training (38.0%) and a lack of resources/staff (34.7%) were the most frequent barriers identified for the reduction of mechanical restraint. In the multivariate analysis, participation in learning programs to prevent the use of mechanical restraint was associated with lower acceptance of the use of mechanical restraint, but the result was barely significant (p = 0.050). A high percentage of mental health staff still consider mechanical restraint use necessary for safety reasons. According to the results, the participants perceived that more staff and resources and better training could reduce the use of mechanical restraint in Mental Health Hospitalization Services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Aguilera-Serrano
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA Plataforma Bionand), 29009 Málaga, Spain
| | - Jessica Marian Goodman-Casanova
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA Plataforma Bionand), 29009 Málaga, Spain
| | - Antonio Bordallo-Aragón
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA Plataforma Bionand), 29009 Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio García-Sánchez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA Plataforma Bionand), 29009 Málaga, Spain
| | - Fermín Mayoral-Cleries
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA Plataforma Bionand), 29009 Málaga, Spain
- COST Action CA19133-Fostering and Strengthening Approaches to Reducing Coercion in European Mental Health Services (FOSTREN), 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - José Guzmán-Parra
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA Plataforma Bionand), 29009 Málaga, Spain
- COST Action CA19133-Fostering and Strengthening Approaches to Reducing Coercion in European Mental Health Services (FOSTREN), 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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Wu RMX, Wang Y, Shafiabady N, Zhang H, Yan W, Gou J, Shi Y, Liu B, Gide E, Kang C, Zhang Z, Shen B, Li X, Fan J, He X, Soar J, Zhao H, Sun L, Huo W, Wang Y. Using multi-focus group method as an effective tool for eliciting business system requirements: Verified by a case study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281603. [PMID: 36897871 PMCID: PMC10027421 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This research aims to explore the multi-focus group method as an effective tool for systematically eliciting business requirements for business information system (BIS) projects. During the COVID-19 crisis, many businesses plan to transform their businesses into digital businesses. Business managers face a critical challenge: they do not know much about detailed system requirements and what they want for digital transformation requirements. Among many approaches used for understanding business requirements, the focus group method has been used to help elicit BIS needs over the past 30 years. However, most focus group studies about research practices mainly focus on a particular disciplinary field, such as social, biomedical, and health research. Limited research reported using the multi-focus group method to elicit business system requirements. There is a need to fill this research gap. A case study is conducted to verify that the multi-focus group method might effectively explore detailed system requirements to cover the Case Study business's needs from transforming the existing systems into a visual warning system. The research outcomes verify that the multi-focus group method might effectively explore the detailed system requirements to cover the business's needs. This research identifies that the multi-focus group method is especially suitable for investigating less well-studied, no previous evidence, or unstudied research topics. As a result, an innovative visual warning system was successfully deployed based on the multi-focus studies for user acceptance testing in the Case Study mine in Feb 2022. The main contribution is that this research verifies the multi-focus group method might be an effective tool for systematically eliciting business requirements. Another contribution is to develop a flowchart for adding to Systems Analysis & Design course in information system education, which may guide BIS students step by step on using the multi-focus group method to explore business system requirements in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M X Wu
- School of Engineering and Technology, Central Queensland University, Sydney, Australia
- School of Geography, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yongwen Wang
- Shanxi Fenxi Mining Industry (Group) Co. Ltd, China
| | - Niusha Shafiabady
- Faculty of Science and Technology (Sydney Campus), Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
| | - Huan Zhang
- School of Geography, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wanjun Yan
- Shanxi Fenxi Mining Industry (Group) Co. Ltd, China
| | - Jinwen Gou
- Shanxi Fenxi Mining Zhongxing Coal Industry Co. Ltd, China
| | - Yong Shi
- Shanxi Fenxi Mining Zhongxing Coal Industry Co. Ltd, China
| | - Bao Liu
- Shanxi Fenxi Mining Zhongxing Coal Industry Co. Ltd, China
| | - Ergun Gide
- School of Engineering and Technology, Central Queensland University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Changlong Kang
- Shanxi Fenxi Mining Zhongxing Coal Industry Co. Ltd, China
| | - Zhongwu Zhang
- School of Geography, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Bo Shen
- GENEW Technologies Co. Ltd, China
| | | | - Jianfeng Fan
- School of Geography, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiangqian He
- Shanxi Fenxi Mining Zhongxing Coal Industry Co. Ltd, China
| | - Jeffrey Soar
- School of Business, University of Southern Queensland, Australia
| | - Haijun Zhao
- Shanxi Fenxi Mining Zhongxing Coal Industry Co. Ltd, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Shanxi Fenxi Mining Zhongxing Coal Industry Co. Ltd, China
| | - Wenying Huo
- School of Geography, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Shanxi Kailain Technology Co. Ltd, China
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Manzano-Bort Y, Mir-Abellán R, Via-Clavero G, Llopis-Cañameras J, Escuté-Amat M, Falcó-Pegueroles A. Experience of mental health nurses regarding mechanical restraint in patients with psychomotor agitation: A qualitative study. J Clin Nurs 2022; 31:2142-2153. [PMID: 34459048 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.16027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To explore mental health nurses' experiences whilst managing a patient with psychomotor agitation, and the factors that influence the decision to use mechanical restraints. BACKGROUND Psychomotor agitation is considered a potentially violent psychiatric emergency. The management of disruptive behaviours includes mechanical restraints as the last resort although its use has consequences for patients, professionals and the therapeutic relationship. DESIGN A qualitative study design with a hermeneutical approach was developed. METHODS A total of 31 nurses were purposively sampled from six short- and medium-stay mental health inpatient units. Data were obtained from semi-structured interviews. A thematic content analysis following the seven steps of Colaizzi's method was performed. Three researchers independently conducted an inductive analysis within a perspective of a hermeneutic paradigm. The COREQ checklist was followed in carrying out this research. RESULTS Four themes emerged from the analysis: 1) Nurses' perceptions of restraint methods, 2) Factors influencing decision-making, 3) Consequences for professionals of the use of mechanical restraint and 4) Alternatives to mechanical restraint. CONCLUSIONS Aspects such as the importance of teamwork, the issue of cognitive dissonance, ethical conflict and barriers to effecting the withdrawal of these measures affect the mental health nurse's decision-making process. The understanding of these aspects is crucial to further reducing its incidence and negative consequences and achieving the elimination of mechanical restraints. RELEVANCE FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE Knowing how nurses feel during the patient's episode of psychomotor agitation and which factors influence the decision on whether to apply coercive methods can guide us on the quality of care offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmina Manzano-Bort
- Research Group on Patient Safety, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramón Mir-Abellán
- Patient Safety Department, Research Group on Patient Safety, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Via-Clavero
- Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Nursing Research Group (GRIN-IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaime Llopis-Cañameras
- Department of Social and Cultural Anthropology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Escuté-Amat
- Nursing Management Department, Research Group on Patient Safety, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Falcó-Pegueroles
- School of Nursing Faculty of Medicine and Healthf Sciences, Consolidated Research Group SGR 269 Quantitative Psychology, University of Barcelona (Spain, Research Group on Patient Safety, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
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Välimäki M, Lantta T, Lam YTJ, Cheung T, Cheng PYI, Ng T, Ip G, Bressington D. Perceptions of patient aggression in psychiatric hospitals: a qualitative study using focus groups with nurses, patients, and informal caregivers. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:344. [PMID: 35585520 PMCID: PMC9118596 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-03974-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aggression in psychiatric hospitals has been of interest to researchers. Information on how different stakeholders perceive patient aggression remains equivocal. Even less is known about possible similarities or differences in stakeholders' perceptions of how aggressive behaviour is understood, managed and prevented in psychiatric hospitals. We aimed to explore multiple viewpoints on patient aggression, its possible causes and outcomes, and development ideas for prevention and management. METHODS A qualitative design was adopted. The data were collected using focus group interviews. A thematic approach was used for interpretation. The data were collected on 15 adult wards in two inpatient psychiatric settings in Hong Kong. Participants were nurses working on the psychiatric inpatient wards, patients admitted to the wards, and informal caregivers visiting inpatient wards (N = 94). RESULTS Commonalities between all groups were found on how patient aggression is perceived, and why it occurs. Patients and especially nurses described how patient aggression occurred with no clear reason or forewarning and how patients were physically controlled or restricted after aggressive events. Only nurses and patients expressed experiencing physical burden, while all groups considered psychological burden to be a consequence of aggression. All groups proposed that helpful attitudes among nurses, better communication, structural changes, and better self-management skills would prevent patient aggression. Risk assessment was proposed only by nurses and patients, while safety measures were proposed by nurses and informal caregivers only. The use of restrictive interventions to manage aggressive events was proposed by all groups. CONCLUSIONS Despite the complex diversity of perspectives in different stakeholder groups regarding patient aggression, the findings highlighted that it is possible to achieve some mutual understanding of aggression in psychiatric hospitals and identify areas to be developed. Staffs' attitudes and skills for engagement and communication with patients and informal caregivers should be improved. There is also still room to develop the therapeutic environment and culture toward meaningful activities during the treatment period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maritta Välimäki
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Xiangya Center for Evidence-Based Practice & Healthcare Innovation, Central South University, 172 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China. .,Department of Nursing Science, ICT-city, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland.
| | - Tella Lantta
- grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371Department of Nursing Science, ICT-city, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Yuen Ting Joyce Lam
- grid.16890.360000 0004 1764 6123School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Teris Cheung
- grid.16890.360000 0004 1764 6123School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Po Yee Ivy Cheng
- grid.417134.40000 0004 1771 4093Community Psychiatric Services, 12/F, Block A, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hospital Authority, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Tony Ng
- grid.417134.40000 0004 1771 4093Department of Psychiatry, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hospital Authority, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Glendy Ip
- grid.415585.80000 0004 0469 9664Central Nursing Division, Kwai Chung Hospital, Hospital Authority, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Daniel Bressington
- grid.1043.60000 0001 2157 559XCollege of Nursing and Midwifery, Charles Darwin University, Ellengowan Drive, Casuarine, Darwin, NT 0909 Australia
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Lee TK, Välimäki M, Lantta T. The Knowledge, Practice and Attitudes of Nurses Regarding Physical Restraint: Survey Results from Psychiatric Inpatient Settings. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18136747. [PMID: 34201597 PMCID: PMC8269370 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18136747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
There is a considerable amount of literature describing how nurses’ knowledge contributes to their attitudes and practices related to patient physical restraint. However, whether or not there have been any improvements in nurses’ knowledge levels, attitudes or practices regarding physical restraint during the past few years is unknown. A survey was conducted on nurses (n = 133) in one psychiatric hospital in Hong Kong (n = 98, response rate = 74%). The data were analyzed using independent t-tests, ANOVA, a Mann–Whitney U test, a Kruskal–Wallis test and Spearman’s rho. In general, nurses had good restraint-related knowledge with satisfactory attitudes and practices, although their knowledge levels, attitudes, and practices regarding restraint varied. Having a higher age, seniority, and education level contributed to a higher restraint-related knowledge level. Male nurses demonstrated more desirable practices (i.e., care of restrained patients), while nurses with a higher education level were more likely to avoid restraint. Nurses’ restraint-related knowledge positively correlated with restraint practices. Although nurses’ knowledge levels, attitudes, and practices regarding restraint were found to be satisfactory, more training efforts should focus on young nurses working in psychiatric settings with less work experience and lower education levels. As some nurses seem to favor the use of restraint with limited reflection, more studies are needed to verify nurses’ emotions and how their emotions influence the use of restrictive practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsz-Kai Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Tai Po Hospital, Tai Po, New Territories, Hong Kong, China;
- School of Nursing, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Maritta Välimäki
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Tella Lantta
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland;
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Jeong G, Kang SW. Exploring Nurses' Perceptions of Safety: A Phenomenological Study. ANS Adv Nurs Sci 2021; 44:E65-E76. [PMID: 33394586 DOI: 10.1097/ans.0000000000000346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the study is to explore the lived experiences of nurses with regard to their personal safety and to identify the fundamental structures underlying nurse safety. A qualitative descriptive phenomenological design, using the data analysis method proposed by Colaizzi, was used. Eleven nurses participated in the study between March and July 2019. The research findings indicated the fundamental structure of nurse safety encompasses 3 categories: "nurses' personal protection systems," "safety support systems," and "risk factors." The fundamental structure identified in this study can contribute to better understanding and insight regarding the safety of nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeonghui Jeong
- College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea (Ms Jeong and Dr Kang); and Department of Nursing, Donggang University, Gwangju, South Korea (Ms Jeong)
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Bontà G, Campus G, Cagetti MG. COVID-19 pandemic and dental hygienists in Italy: a questionnaire survey. BMC Health Serv Res 2020; 20:994. [PMID: 33129340 PMCID: PMC7602333 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-020-05842-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This online cross-sectional survey assesses the signs/symptoms, the protective measures taken and the awareness and risk perception regarding COVID-19 among Italian dental hygienists. All Italian dental hygienists were invited to participate. The ad hoc online questionnaire was divided into four domains: personal data, protective measures (-before patient arrival; -in the waiting room; -in the operating room) and PPE, awareness and risk perception. RESULTS Two-thousand-seven-hundred-ninety-eight subjects participated. Only 0.25% of the sample was positive to the virus. Sense of fatigue (8.19%), headache (7.81%) and sore throat (7.32%) were the most common symptoms. A statistically significant trend across the areas with a different prevalence of COVID-19 was observed related to the number of signs/symptoms (areas z = 6.38 p < 0.01). Overall, 90.55% of the sample used protective glasses or visor, 90.10% disposable gloves and 82.80% surgical mask. Regarding the confidence to avoid the infection, a statistically significant difference was found among dental hygienists belonging to the 3 years-professional-experiences groups who worked in the high COVID-19 prevalence area. The findings of this survey show that Italian dental hygienists have modified their working habits according to the professional risk related to the current pandemic and they seem correctly prepared to face the risk of a SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Bontà
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Science, University of Milan, Via Beldiletto 1, I-20142, Milan, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Campus
- Department of Surgery, Microsurgery and Medicine Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro, I-07100, Sassari, Italy. .,Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Maria Grazia Cagetti
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Science, University of Milan, Via Beldiletto 1, I-20142, Milan, Italy
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