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Hayward BA. Should Mental Health Nurses Cry with Patients? Issues Ment Health Nurs 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38980294 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2024.2367154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Brent A Hayward
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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Foster K, Hurley J. Every Nurse Is Not a Mental Health Nurse-Critical Reflections on Myths and Controversies About Mental Health Nursing. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2024. [PMID: 38970154 DOI: 10.1111/inm.13389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Kim Foster
- Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - John Hurley
- Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, Australia
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Desmet K, Vrancken B, Bergs J, Van Hecke A, Deproost E, Bracke P, Debyser B, Cools O, De Fruyt J, Muylaert S, Verhaeghe S. Patient-reported outcomes of psychiatric and/or mental health nursing in hospitals: a systematic review protocol. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e085808. [PMID: 38851230 PMCID: PMC11163823 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-085808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a lack of distinct and measurable outcomes in psychiatric and/or mental health nursing which negatively impacts guiding clinical practice, assessing evidence-based nursing interventions, ensuring future-proof nursing education and establishing visibility as a profession and discipline. Psychiatric and/or mental health nursing struggle to demonstrate patient-reported outcomes to assess the effectiveness of their practice. A systematic review that summarising patient-reported outcomes, associated factors, measured nursing care/interventions and used measurement scales of psychiatric and/or mental health nursing in the adult population in acute, intensive and forensic psychiatric wards in hospitals will capture important information on how care can be improved by better understanding what matters and what is important to patients themselves. This review can contribute to the design, planning, delivery and assessment of the quality of current and future nursing care METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This protocol follows the Cochrane methodological guidance on systematic reviews of interventions and The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocol. The search strategy will be identified by consultations with clinical and methodological experts and by exploring the literature. The databases Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, APA PsychARTICLES, Web of Science and Scopus will be searched for all published studies. Studies will be screened and selected with criteria described in the population, intervention, control and outcomes format after a pilot test by two researchers. Studies will be screened in two stages: (1) title and abstract screening and (2) full-text screening. Data extraction and the quality assessment based on the Johanna Briggs Institute guidelines will be conducted by two researchers. Data will be presented in a narrative synthesis. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION No ethical approval is needed since all data are already publicly accessible. The results of this work will be published in a peer-reviewed scientific journal. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42023363806.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Desmet
- University Centre for Nursing and Midwifery, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Ostende General Hospital, Ostend, Belgium
| | - Bruce Vrancken
- University Centre for Nursing and Midwifery, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Sint-Jan Bruges General Hospital, Bruges, Belgium
| | - Jochen Bergs
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Science, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Ann Van Hecke
- University Centre for Nursing and Midwifery, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Nursing Department, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eddy Deproost
- University Centre for Nursing and Midwifery, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Centre for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Clinic Sint-Jozef, Pittem, Belgium
| | - Piet Bracke
- Department of Sociology, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart Debyser
- University Centre for Nursing and Midwifery, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Centre for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Clinic Sint-Jozef, Pittem, Belgium
- Department of Nursing, VIVES Roeselare, Roeselare, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Sofie Verhaeghe
- University Centre for Nursing and Midwifery, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Science, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- Department of Nursing, VIVES Roeselare, Roeselare, Belgium
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García-Sastre MM, Castro-Molina FJ, Cabanillas RC, Corrales CS, Jardón Golmar L, Carretero Román J, Aguilera Serrano C. Psychotherapeutic nursing as Advanced Clinical Practice for the promotion of mental health in Spain. Int Nurs Rev 2024; 71:244-249. [PMID: 38191271 DOI: 10.1111/inr.12935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To contribute to the recognition of psychotherapeutic nursing (PTN) as a regulated advanced clinical practice (ACP) in Spain, as is the case in other countries. BACKGROUND Nurses are continually evolving to improve overall health outcomes. PTN has become a reality, with several authors describing it as an ACP. In Spain, psychotherapy is not officially regulated, which has led to a significant number of psychiatric nurses adopting an important ACP in this area without recognition. SOURCES OF EVIDENCE Evidence confirms that PTN possesses the attributes necessary to be considered an ACP. Nurses, like psychotherapists, independently address the complex needs of individuals and families within the context of therapeutic relationships, and there is a pressing need to advance formal processes of regulation and certification. DISCUSSION PTN has evolved at different rates depending on local initiatives, policies and various professional interests. In Spain, it is crucial to evaluate its outcomes, recognise it as an ACP and develop training plans for its regulation and accreditation. CONCLUSIONS Mental health nurses in Spain have a strong interest in PTN being recognised as an ACP. To this end, they should join forces with other partners, scientific associations and international bodies such as the International Council of Nurses (ICN) to make PTN an internationally recognised ACP. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE Psychotherapeutic nurses could contribute to improving mental health outcomes, client satisfaction and health system efficiency, and their formal recognition is an opportunity to enhance their professional identity, competence and autonomy. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING POLICY Nursing policy needs to be reoriented towards strengthening psychotherapy as an ACP. Synergies and alliances between international nursing associations and the ICN can promote its development and implementation, while research, education and leadership are essential to achieving official regulation and accreditation.
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Wilson A, Hurley J, Hutchinson M, Lakeman R. In their own words: Mental health nurses' experiences of trauma-informed care in acute mental health settings or hospitals. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2024; 33:703-713. [PMID: 38146780 DOI: 10.1111/inm.13280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Trauma-informed care has emerged as a prominent strategy to eliminate coercive practices and improve experiences of care in mental health settings, with advocacy from international bodies for mental health reform. Despite this, there remains a significant gap in research understanding the integration of trauma-informed care in mental health nursing practice, particularly when applied to the acute mental health or hospital-based setting. The study aimed to explore the experiences of mental health nurses employed in acute hospital-based settings from a trauma-informed care perspective. The study design was qualitative, using a phenomenological approach to research. A total of 29 nurses employed in acute mental health or hospital-based environments participated. Three over-arching themes were uncovered: 'Embodied Awareness': highlighting mental health nursing emotional capabilities are deeply rooted in bodily awareness. 'Navigating Safety': signifying spatial elements of fear and how some mental health nurses' resort to coercive or restrictive practices for self-preservation. 'Caring Amidst Uncertainty': revealing the relational influences of security guards in mental health nursing. The study reveals a significant gap in trauma-informed care implementation when applied to the context of mental health nursing practice in this setting. Limited evidence on trauma-informed care for mental health nurses, coupled with inadequate workforce preparation and challenging work environments, hinder the effective integration of it. To genuinely embed TIC in acute mental health settings, the study emphasises the need for a thorough exploration of what this entails for mental health nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allyson Wilson
- Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John Hurley
- Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Richard Lakeman
- Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia
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Mukaihata T, Kato Y, Swa T, Fujimoto H. Work engagement of psychiatric nurses: a scoping review. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e081941. [PMID: 38684255 PMCID: PMC11086197 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-081941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Work engagement is an essential factor in improving employee performance. However, no reviews on the work engagement of psychiatric nurses have been conducted to date. This study aimed to examine the current status of research on the work engagement of psychiatric nurses and identify salient factors. DESIGN A scoping review. METHODS This review adhered to the established scoping review methodological guidelines and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Scoping Reviews checklist. The inclusion criteria were based on nurses, work engagement and psychiatric settings without language or date restrictions. Regardless of the methodology or study design, research studies related to the work engagement of psychiatric nurses have been included. A systematic search was conducted in MEDLINE, CINAHL and PsycINFO from the inception of each database, with the search strategies being set by an information specialist. The deadline for the search was 15 February 2023. RESULTS The study included 12 studies. All studies have been published since 2013. The study designs included cross-sectional (n=10), longitudinal (n=1) and intervention (n=1) studies. The impacts of work engagement were classified into (1) attitudes towards patients, (2) attitudes towards work, (3) mental health and (4) quality of care. Factors influencing work engagement were classified into (1) demographics, (2) workplace factors, (3) individual factors and (4) patient factors. CONCLUSION Work engagement of psychiatric nurses has lately gained attention, although data are limited because most studies used a cross-sectional design. Psychiatric nurses with higher work engagement showed positive outcomes. Workplace and individual factors can potentially improve their work engagement. The findings can assist nursing managers in enhancing psychiatric nurses' work engagement and, consequently, their performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuichi Kato
- Hyogo Prefecture-Hyogo Mental Health Center, Kobe, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Swa
- Division of Health Sciences Nursing Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
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Jabbie L, Walshe C, Ahmed F. The views and perceptions of training in physical health care amongst mental health nurses, managers of mental health nurses and trainers: A systematically constructed narrative synthesis. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2024; 33:309-323. [PMID: 37957829 DOI: 10.1111/inm.13253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
People with serious mental illness have higher morbidity and mortality rates compared with the general population. Mental health nurses are in an optimal position to address physical healthcare needs and inequalities experienced by this group. Research evidence suggests that mental health nurses may lack appropriate skills and confidence. The training needs of mental health nurses in physical health care of patients with serious mental illness and the perceived effectiveness of training that is provided to mental health nurses are explored in this review. A narrative synthesis approach (PROSPERO protocol registration ID=CRD42021230923) involved searching five electronic databases (PsycInfo, Cinahl, Embase, Medline and Web of Science) from 1990 to 2021. Study quality was assessed, and analysis and synthesis were initially deductively guided by a theoretical framework of training effectiveness prior to inductive data analysis. Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria. For studies examining perceived effectiveness of training, four themes were derived from the theoretical framework (individual trainee characteristics, work environment, learning outcomes, transfer of training to job) and further theme (service user factor) generated inductively. For studies examining training needs, three themes were derived inductively (knowledge and skills requirements, modality of training, service and healthcare factors). The study highlights the need for ongoing learning to improve practice. It also provides another perspective in terms of understanding the influence of service user factors (motivation and mental state) in designing and implementing of future training in mental health settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamin Jabbie
- Division of Health Research, Faculty of Health and Medicines, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Catherine Walshe
- Division of Health Research, Faculty of Health and Medicines, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Faraz Ahmed
- Division of Health Research, Faculty of Health and Medicines, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
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Hennipman-Herweijer C, Amerongen-Meeuse JVN, Schaap-Jonker H, Boonstra N. The experiences of living with a suicidal family member, and the impact on daily life: A systematic review and meta-aggregation. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2024. [PMID: 38470095 DOI: 10.1111/jpm.13045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Because of the pivotal role that family members play in caring for their suicidal relative, insight into their experiences is necessary to develop good support for them. AIM This systematic review aimed to aggregate qualitative research examining the experiences of family members living with their suicidal relative, and their impact on daily life. METHODS Systematic searches, covering the period 2000-2022, were conducted in Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, Ovid Nursing database and CINAHL. The JBI-QARI meta-aggregation approach and the PRISMA guidelines were followed. RESULTS Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria. Six themes were identified: The hard job of managing the risk of suicide; contributing to the relative's survival; struggling with professional care; being in a lonely position; pressure on relationships; and disruption of well-being. DISCUSSION The constant worry of losing their relative and ever-present vigilance dominates their lives in such a way that their well-being may be decreased. Professionals often overlook family members, which leads to feelings of powerlessness and loneliness. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Collaborating with families in treatment, allowing them to share information and supporting them in the care at home may lead to better outcomes for both the family and their suicidal relative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Hennipman-Herweijer
- Center for Research and Innovation in Christian Mental Health Care Eleos/de Hoop, Hoevelaken, The Netherlands
- Eleos Mental Health Care, Bosch en Duin, The Netherlands
- Nursing Sciences, Program in Clinical Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joke van Nieuw Amerongen-Meeuse
- Center for Research and Innovation in Christian Mental Health Care Eleos/de Hoop, Hoevelaken, The Netherlands
- Department of Religion and Theology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hanneke Schaap-Jonker
- Center for Research and Innovation in Christian Mental Health Care Eleos/de Hoop, Hoevelaken, The Netherlands
- Department of Religion and Theology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nynke Boonstra
- Nursing Science in Mental Health Care, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- NHL Stenden University of Applied Science, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
- KieN Early Intervention Service, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
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Bifarin O, Collier-Sewell F, Smith G, Moriarty J, Shephard H, Andrews L, Pearson S, Kasperska M. Standards of proficiency for registered nurses-To what end? A critical analysis of contemporary mental health nursing within the United Kingdom context. Nurs Inq 2024:e12630. [PMID: 38436620 DOI: 10.1111/nin.12630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Against the backdrop of cultural and political ideals, this article highlights both the significance of mental health nursing in meeting population needs and the regulatory barriers that may be impeding its ability to adequately do so. Specifically, we consider how ambiguous notions of 'proficiency' in nurse education-prescribed by the regulator-impact the development of future mental health nurses and their mental health nursing identity. A key tension in mental health practice is the ethical-legal challenges posed by sanctioned powers to restrict patients' freedom at the same time as the desire (and obligation) to promote patients' self-determined recovery. The genericism of the UK's Future Nurse Standards do little to prepare mental health nurses to navigate the tensions that ensue. This has consequences for nurses and patients alike, as both risk experiencing the distress and dissonance that attends giving or receiving poor care. We argue that more needs to be done to enable mental health nurses to define and articulate the nuances of the profession as part of becoming critical, thoughtful and confident practitioners. Educators can contribute to this mission by aligning curriculum, pedagogy and assessment to create meaningful opportunities for mental health nursing students to engage with the complexities of mental health nursing practice. Without this, the credibility of the profession will continue to be questioned; its future uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oladayo Bifarin
- School of Nursing and Advanced Practice, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
- Research & Innovation, Mersey Care NHS FT, Liverpool, UK
| | - Freya Collier-Sewell
- Centre for Culture, Media and Society, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Grahame Smith
- School of Nursing and Advanced Practice, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jo Moriarty
- NIHR Policy Research Unit in Health and Social Care Workforce, The Policy Institute, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Lauren Andrews
- School of Nursing and Advanced Practice, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Sam Pearson
- School of Nursing and Advanced Practice, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Mari Kasperska
- School of Nursing and Advanced Practice, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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Warrender D, Connell C, Jones E, Monteux S, Colwell L, Laker C, Cromar-Hayes M. Mental health deserves better: Resisting the dilution of specialist pre-registration mental health nurse education in the United Kingdom. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2024; 33:202-212. [PMID: 37788130 DOI: 10.1111/inm.13236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
This article aims to draw attention to increasing genericism in nurse education in the United Kingdom, which sees less specialist mental health education for mental health nursing students and offers opposition to such direction. In 2018, the Nursing and Midwifery Council produced the 'Future Nurse' standards which directed changes to pre-registration nurse education. This led to dissatisfaction from many mental health nurses, specifically regarding reduced mental health content for students studying mental health nursing. Concerns have been raised through public forum and evolved into a grassroots national movement 'Mental Health Deserves Better' (#MHDeservesBetter). This is a position paper which presents the perspective of many mental health nurse academics working at universities within the United Kingdom. Mental health nurse academics collaborated to develop ideas and articulate arguments and perspectives which present a strong position on the requirement for specialist pre-registration mental health nurse education. The key themes explored are; a conflict of ideologies in nursing, no parity of esteem, physical health care needs to be contextualized, the unique nature of mental health nursing, ethical tensions and values conflict, implications for practice, necessary improvements overlooked and the dangers of honesty and academic 'freedom'. The paper concludes by asserting a strong position on the need for a change of direction away from genericism and calls on mental health nurses to rise from the ashes to advocate for a quality education necessary to ensure quality care delivery. The quality of mental health care provided by mental health nurses has many influences, yet the foundation offered through pre-registration education is one of the most valuable. If the education of mental health nurses does not attend to the distinct and unique role of the mental health nurse, standards of mental health care may diminish without assertive action from mental health nurses and allies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Warrender
- Mental Health Nursing, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - Chris Connell
- Mental Health Nursing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Emma Jones
- Mental Health Nursing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | | | - Lucy Colwell
- Mental Health Nursing, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | - Caroline Laker
- Mental Health Nursing, City University of London, London, UK
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Hayward BA. A job analysis of mental health nursing in a school for students with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2024. [PMID: 38291653 DOI: 10.1111/inm.13297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
While schools have become settings for the delivery of mental health supports to students, mental health nursing has not yet described its practice in schools. In the absence of this mental health nursing literature, a quantitative self-reporting job analysis methodology was used to describe the tasks of mental health nursing in a specialist school as an observant-participator in a single-case holistic case study. Additional aims were to compare the results with the general school nursing and the disability nursing literatures and interpret these findings for mental health nursing. Categories of tasks from general school nursing were used to deductively interpret the results. Tasks were recorded across all categories of school nursing. The greatest number of tasks were recorded in the professional performance category, followed by planning, then personnel. The least number of tasks were recorded in the health education and promotion category, followed by practice and treatments, assessment and diagnosis, and management. These results differ from tasks in general school nursing but share similarities with intellectual and developmental disability nursing, particularly related to relationships and communication. Practising effectively as a mental health nurse in a specialist school requires capabilities for working with people with disability, particularly communicating and establishing relationships, in addition to clinical mental health skills. Mental health nursing in schools is an area of practice that requires further exploration to capitalise on emerging policy developments to support student mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent A Hayward
- Department of Education, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Education, School of Social and Political Sciences, Faculty of Arts, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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12
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McKeown M. On the bullshitisation of mental health nursing: A reluctant work rant. Nurs Inq 2024; 31:e12595. [PMID: 37622247 DOI: 10.1111/nin.12595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
This discussion paper offers a critical provocation to my mental health nursing colleagues. Drawing upon David Graeber's account of bullshit work, work that is increasingly meaningless for workers, I pose the question: Is mental health nursing a bullshit job? Ever-increasing time spent on record keeping as opposed to direct care appears to represent a Graeberian bullshitisation of mental health nurses' work. In addition, core aspects of the role are not immune from bullshit. Professional rhetoric would have us believe that mental health nursing is a therapeutically beneficent occupation organised around ideals of care and compassion and providing fulfilling work for practitioners. Yet, there are some key characteristics of the experience of mental health nursing work that afford alternative judgements on its value and meaningfulness. Not least of these is the fact that many mental health nurses feel quite existentially unsettled in the practise of their work and many service users do not recognise the professional ideal, especially when compelled into increasingly coercive and restrictive services. In this context, Graeber's thesis is explored for its applicability to mental health nursing with a conclusion that many aspects of mental health nursing work are commensurate with bullshit but that mental health care can possibly be redeemed from bullshitisation by authentically democratising reforms. Engaging with posthumanist ideas, this exploration involves a flexing of aspects of Graeber's theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mick McKeown
- School of Nursing & Midwifery, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
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Desmet K, Bracke P, Deproost E, Goossens PJJ, Vandewalle J, Vercruysse L, Beeckman D, Van Hecke A, Kinnaer LM, Verhaeghe S. Associated factors of nurse-sensitive patient outcomes: A multicentred cross-sectional study in psychiatric inpatient hospitals. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2023; 30:1231-1244. [PMID: 37409521 DOI: 10.1111/jpm.12951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN?: The nurse-patient relationship in mental health care is an important focus of mental health nursing theories and research. There is limited evidence about which factors influence nurse-sensitive patient outcomes of the nurse-patient relationship. This hinders the development, planning, delivering, and quality assurance of the nurse-patient relationship in nursing practice and nursing education. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: To our best knowledge, this is the first study to examine associations between nurse-sensitive patient outcomes of the nurse-patient relationship and a range of patient characteristics and relationship-contextual factors. In this study, we found that gender, age, hospital characteristics, nurse availability when needed, nurse contact, and nurse stimulation were associated with the scores on the nurse-sensitive patient outcome scale. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE?: Having insight into the factors associated with nurse-sensitive patient outcomes of the nurse-patient relationship can help nurses, nursing students, nursing management and also patients to enhance the nurse-patient relationship, trying to influence outcomes of nursing care. ABSTRACT: Introduction The lack of evidence on patient characteristics and relational-contextual factors influencing nurse-sensitive patient outcomes of a nurse-patient relationship is a possible threat to the quality and education of the nurse-patient relationship. Aim To measure nurse-sensitive patient outcomes of the nurse-patient relationship and to explore the associations between nurse-sensitive patient outcomes and a range of patient characteristics and relational-contextual factors. Method In a multicenter cross-sectional study, 340 inpatients from 30 units in five psychiatric hospitals completed the Mental Health Nurse-Sensitive Patient Outcome Scale. Descriptive, univariate and Linear Mixed Model analyses were conducted. Results Overall, patient-reported outcomes were moderate to good. Female participants, nurse availability when needed, more nurse contact and nurse stimulation were associated with higher outcomes. Age differences were observed for some of the outcomes. Outcomes also varied across hospitals but were not related to the number of times patients were hospitalized or to their current length of stay in the hospital. Discussion The results may help nurses to become more sensitive and responsive to factors associated with nurse-sensitive patient outcomes of the nurse-patient relationship. Implications The nurse-sensitive results can support nurses in designing future nurse-patient relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Desmet
- University Centre for Nursing and Midwifery, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- AZ Damiaan, Ostend, Belgium
| | - Piet Bracke
- Department of Sociology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eddy Deproost
- University Centre for Nursing and Midwifery, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Centre for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Clinic Sint-Jozef, Pittem, Belgium
| | - Peter J J Goossens
- University Centre for Nursing and Midwifery, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Dimence Mental Health Center for Bipolar Disorder, Deventer, the Netherlands
| | | | - Lieke Vercruysse
- Centre for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Clinic Sint-Jozef, Pittem, Belgium
| | - Dimitri Beeckman
- University Centre for Nursing and Midwifery, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- School of Health Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- School of Nursing & Midwifery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin, Ireland
- Research Unit of Plastic Surgery, Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ann Van Hecke
- University Centre for Nursing and Midwifery, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Nursing Department, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lise-Marie Kinnaer
- University Centre for Nursing and Midwifery, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Verhaeghe
- University Centre for Nursing and Midwifery, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Nursing, VIVES University College, Roeselare, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Science, University Hasselt, Hasselt, Belgium
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14
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Ohtake F, Noguchi-Watanabe M, Morita K. The Process of Home-Visiting Nurses Supporting People with Mental Disorders. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6965. [PMID: 37947523 PMCID: PMC10650724 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20216965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The number of people with mental disorders (PMD) living in the community is increasing; however, it is unclear how home-visiting nurses (HVNs) supporting them in the community acquire their support skills. This study aimed to reveal the process of how HVNs learn support skills for PMD. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 HVNs supporting PMD living in the community. The grounded theory approach was used for data analysis. As a result, two stages were present: "Explore the personal recovery of PMD" and "Believe in the potential of PMD and accompanying them". The first stage is further divided into two themes: "Overlapping the worlds of PMD and HVNs", and "Easing difficulty in living for PMD". In the first stage, HVNs gained a better understanding of PMD and obtained insight into the support they needed in their daily lives. In the second stage, HVNs became to provide the support that PMD truly needed. HVNs gained a deeper understanding of the reality of PMD through their support. After HVNs found the support PMD required, they sought to provide it, ultimately resulting in finding ways to facilitate the personal recovery of PMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumi Ohtake
- Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; (M.N.-W.); (K.M.)
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15
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Delaney KR. The Future of the Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing Workforce: Using Our Skill Set to Address Incongruities in Mental Health Care Delivery. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2023; 44:933-943. [PMID: 37734065 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2023.2252498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
The USA is dealing with well-documented issues around mental health and its treatment. The Psychiatric Mental Health (PMH) workforce is growing and practicing in a variety of roles within the mental health system. How will PMH nurses address instances when the structure of services does not meet the mental health needs of the population? In this piece, I argue that to some degree the future of the PMH workforce will be determined by how well we use our capacity and capabilities to address incongruities in service structure and population needs. Five areas of concern with mental health services are outlined; they all involve factors that can be addressed with innovative approaches and optimum utilization of the PMH workforce. Included are suggestions on how PMH nurses might direct efforts toward these service issues, particularly by using their skill set and presence in the mental health system. Strategies include forging a tighter connection between the work of advanced practice and registered nurses in delivering care. Broadly, these efforts should be directed at building models of patient-centered care that address the needs of populations, reducing disparities, and demonstrating how engagement is a critical lever of effective inpatient and community-based care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen R Delaney
- Department of Community Mental Health and Systems, Rush College of Nursing, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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16
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Brimblecombe N. Analysis of changes in the national mental health nursing workforce in England, 2011-2021. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2023; 30:994-1004. [PMID: 36999883 DOI: 10.1111/jpm.12922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: Nurses work in mental health services around the world, constituting the largest professional group. Nurses have been identified as being potentially able to carry out a much wider range of functions than are typically allowed in practice, when provided with suitable training. There are long-term concerns regarding shortages of mental health nurses in England and many other countries. Workforce data is rarely subject to analysis in peer-reviewed journals. WHAT THE PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: This paper provides a case study of the workforce patterns of a national mental health nurse (MHN) workforce overtime allowing comparison with other countries and specialities. MHN numbers reduced from 2011 to 2017, then increased to near the 2011 level by 2021, not meeting ambitious national plans for increasing numbers. The mental health nursing proportion of the total NHS nursing workforce decreased through this period. Advanced practice roles and skills are widely, but unevenly, distributed and are provided by a small proportion of nurses. The proportion of nurses working in community settings has increased to constitute more than half of all nurses for the first time. The ratio of support workers to nurses increased in inpatient settings and will continue to change. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE?: Historical challenges in recruiting MHNs suggest that future plans to expand the profession are overly optimistic. To support the development of advanced practice roles and new skill sets, clearer research evidence of impact is required and clearer national guidance regarding best practice models. Good workforce data are essential to inform good workforce planning. ABSTRACT: Introduction Data regarding changes in characteristics of the MHN workforce is commonly cited in governmental publications, but is rarely analysed in peer-reviewed journals, despite ongoing concerns regarding high vacancy rates within mental health services. Aim The aim of the study was to characterize changes in the MHN workforce, implementation of new nursing roles/skills and alignment with national policy. Method Analysis of nationally published workforce data, peer-reviewed publications and governmental policy/planning documents. Results Nurse numbers declined from 2011 to 2017, subsequently returning to near 2011 levels, but remaining below national targets. Nurses in community settings increased to constitute more than half of all nurses, whilst inpatient numbers declined, although more slowly than bed numbers. The ratio between nurses and support workers changed due to more support workers in inpatient settings. New advanced skills and roles for nurses have increased, but are unevenly distributed, constituting a small proportion of the total workforce. Implications for Practice This paper provides a case study against which comparisons may be made with the nursing workforce in other countries and specialities. Even clear policy commitment to nursing growth may not deliver planned changes in numbers and introducing new roles may have uneven impact, especially in the absence of a robust evidence base.
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17
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Cleary M, West S, Hungerford C. Mental Health Nurses Overcoming Adversity: A Discursive Review. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2023; 44:944-950. [PMID: 37616589 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2023.2236698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The mental health nursing profession has experienced various challenges since its inception. This discursive review considers these challenges, including how mental health nurses have and can continue to overcome adversity as individuals and as a profession. The discussion examines the influence of the profession's historical involvement in institutionalization and coercive care; the continuing impact of stigma; and the increasing demand for mental health services, amidst chronic staff shortages. Collectively, mental health nurses must harness strong therapeutic relationships, intra- and multi-disciplinary collaboration, personal and professional resilience, education that prepares them for the future, and sector-wide planning and innovation, to respond positively to these challenges. These approaches will support mental health nurses to overcome adversity and achieve positive outcomes for the profession and people with the lived experience of mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Cleary
- School of Nursing, Midwifery & Social Sciences, Central Queensland University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sancia West
- School of Nursing, Midwifery & Social Sciences, Central Queensland University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Catherine Hungerford
- School of Nursing, Midwifery & Social Sciences, Central Queensland University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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18
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Painter JM, Bond C. What are nurse practice assessors' priorities when assessing student mental health nurses? A qualitative content analysis. Nurse Educ Pract 2023; 72:103776. [PMID: 37690422 DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2023.103776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND UK healthcare policy has observed over a decade of changes that has focussed on healthcare staffs' professional values as a marker for safe, high-quality care In 2018 the regulatory body for nursing and midwifery introduced several new proficiencies, with an emphasis on physical health assessment. However, a global debate has since surfaced regarding the generification of nurse education, which has been thought to have eroded field specific skills in mental health nursing. AIM To explore the priorities of practice assessors, articulated within the open comments written within online practice assessment documents. METHODS A qualitative study was conducted, with data collected from comments made within online practice assessment documents relating to the ongoing assessment of student mental health nurses at one UK University. 26 individual sets of assessor comments were collected. An inductive content analysis was used to explore the nature of qualitative feedback provided to student mental health nurses, generated by mental health practice assessors. The COREQ checklist was used for the reporting of the study. RESULTS Findings demonstrated that practice assessors were prioritising two core areas or broad-based skills categories: 'transactional' and 'transformational' competencies. Transactional competencies related to the practical application of specific tasks. Transformational competencies were commented on more frequently and placed emphasis on the students' personal attributes and characteristics, and how these contribute to 'good' mental health nursing practice. CONCLUSION Mental health nurses prioritise assessing student nurses in relation to their personal attributes, work ethic, and values that are congruent with humanist perceptions of mental health nursing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna M Painter
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health Wellbeing & Life Sciences, Sheffield Hallam University, Collegiate Crescent, Sheffield, UK; Rotherham, Doncaster and South Humber NHS Trust, UK
| | - Carmel Bond
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health Wellbeing & Life Sciences, Sheffield Hallam University, Collegiate Crescent, Sheffield, UK.
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19
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Reinius M, Steinsaphir Å, Malmqvist Castillo M, Stenfors T. Patients' experiences of Daily Talks: a patient-driven intervention in inpatient mental healthcare. J Ment Health 2023:1-8. [PMID: 36840358 DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2023.2182420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recovery is known to be enhanced by meaningful interactions between patients and mental health staff. However, nurses may become distanced from patients, and patients may spend most of their time in inpatient mental health care alone. AIMS This study aimed to explore how patients experience the intervention Daily Talks, a patient-driven innovation intended to enhance meaningful interactions between patients and staff. METHODS Fourteen in-depth interviews were performed with patients who participated in Daily Talks. The interviews were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. RESULTS The results of the participants' experiences of Daily Talks are presented in four themes: 1.Interpersonal and active interaction where individual factors matter 2.A patient-controlled space 3.A multi-use intervention and 4.A part of the daily healthcare structure. Participants stated that Daily Talks improved the relationship between patients and their nursing staff, and they stressed the importance of patients having control over both time and content in the Daily Talks. Daily Talks was used to vent emotions and thoughts, handle situations and create strategies, and become part of a helpful structure. CONCLUSIONS The results support the value of Daily Talks, indicating that Daily Talks may facilitate helpful structures and meaningful relationships between patients and nursing staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Reinius
- Medical Management Centre, Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Åsa Steinsaphir
- User Involvement Coordinator, North Stockholm Psychiatry, Health Care Services Stockholm County, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Moa Malmqvist Castillo
- Medical Management Centre, Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Terese Stenfors
- Division of Learning, Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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20
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Martínez-Martínez C, Sánchez-Martínez V. All I missed in the therapeutic relationship: The lived experience narrative of a mental health nurse receiving mental healthcare. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2023. [PMID: 36748293 DOI: 10.1111/jpm.12906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: The therapeutic relationship is crucial for mental health practice, especially to practice that is recovery-orientated. WHAT THE PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: This lived experience suggests that mental health professionals can be a long way from knowing the service users' feelings and their precise needs. The narrative reveals how mental health professionals maintain stereotypes and prejudices against people with mental health conditions and how these are reflected in their practice through lack of respect and users' dignity. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR MENTAL HEALTH NURSING?: This lived experience narrative highlights the need to humanize care. ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: The therapeutic relationship is not always functional in clinical practice due to various factors, such as lack of time, lack of job motivation, exhaustion and rejection towards the person cared for. AIM The aim of this study is to illustrate to professionals the needs of the persons they care for and how they see the world. METHOD The aim was achieved through the development of a lived experience narrative. RESULTS This lived experience narrative describes the experience of a mental health nurse since her first psychotic symptoms and her perceptions of the therapeutic relationship with mental health staff in her trajectory from the first psychiatric appointment until her last contact with the community mental health services. DISCUSSION This narrative suggests that mental health professionals are sometimes far from discovering what service users are feeling and their precise needs. This highlights the need to humanize mental healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
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- Conselleria de Sanitat Pública i Universal, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vanessa Sánchez-Martínez
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Chiropody, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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21
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Hurley J, Foster K, Campbell K, Edan V, Hazelton M, Kennedy H, Roper C, Lakeman R. Mental health nursing capability development: Perspectives of consumers and supporters. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2023; 32:172-185. [PMID: 36199271 DOI: 10.1111/inm.13074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Mental health nursing requires a specialist range of capabilities and values. In Australian contexts, the preparation of nurses to work in mental health settings has attracted criticism from government reviews, academics, and graduate nurses. Insufficient mental health content and clinical placement experience in undergraduate nursing courses have been central to this criticism. The study aim was to identify the areas and modalities of capability development of graduate mental health nurses, from the perspectives of end point users. In order to meet the aim, a four-item cross-sectional online survey with three additional and open-ended questions was developed. The questions were co-designed with consumer academics and reviewed by consumer and carer organizations. The survey was widely distributed across Australian consumer and carer organizations, with 95 useable responses. Findings indicated strong support for lived experience being integrated into teaching teams for nurses, as well as support for undergraduate direct entry for mental health nursing. Themed content from open-ended responses reflected the survey outcomes as well as prioritizing skill development to support better therapeutic relating and nurse self-care. Key findings included strong support for greater lived experience input into mental health nurse education, specialist undergraduate preparation and a focus on developing relational capabilities in the mental health nurse workforce.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Hurley
- Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kim Foster
- Australian Catholic University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kat Campbell
- Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vrinda Edan
- University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | - Cath Roper
- University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard Lakeman
- Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia
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22
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Wilson A, Hurley J, Hutchinson M, Lakeman R. Trauma-informed care in acute mental health units through the lifeworld of mental health nurses: A phenomenological study. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2023; 32:829-838. [PMID: 36705234 DOI: 10.1111/inm.13120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Trauma-informed care has gained increasing popularity in mental health services over the past two decades. Mental health nurses remain one of the largest occupations employed in acute mental health settings and arguably have a critical role in supporting trauma-informed care in this environment. Despite this, there remains a limited understanding on how trauma-informed care is applied to the context of mental health nursing in the hospital environment. The aim of this study was to explore what it means for mental health nurses to provide trauma-informed care in the acute mental health setting. The study design was qualitative, using van Manen's (Researching lived experience: human science for an action sensitive pedagogy. State University of New York Press, 1990) approach to hermeneutic phenomenological inquiry. A total of 29 mental health nurses participated in this study. There were three overarching themes that emerged; these entail: embodied trauma-informed milieu, trauma-informed relationality and temporal dimensions of trauma-informed mental health nursing. The study found that for mental health nurses, there are elements of trauma-informed care that extend far beyond the routine application of the principles to nursing practice. For mental health nurses working in the acute setting, trauma-informed care may offer a restorative function in practice back to the core tenants of therapeutic interpersonal dynamics it was once based upon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allyson Wilson
- Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John Hurley
- Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Richard Lakeman
- Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia
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23
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Marriott SC, Grov EK, Gonzalez MT. Nurse Educators' Pedagogical Approaches Addressing Student Nurses' Mental Health Care Competence: A Qualitative Study. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2023; 44:152-161. [PMID: 36669164 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2022.2163440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Nurses' mental health care competence is vital for addressing the current mental health care crisis' demand for quality in mental health care and services. These challenges also involve educational institutions. In the mental health course of the bachelor's nursing curriculum, nurse educators face multiple tasks and challenges concerning preparing students for their clinical placement. This study aimed to explore and describe nurse educators' pedagogical approaches across three universities. The study applied a qualitative and descriptive design, and data were collected from individual qualitative interviews with 13 experienced nurse educators. A content analysis approach in lines with Graneheim and Lundman was used to analyse the data. The content analysis resulted in one theme and three categories, and each category was characterised by three subcategories. The theme intentionally preparing student nurses for mental health care competence served as an overarching theme describing the educators' overall reflections and descriptions. The three categories were: activating students for the mental health context; caring for students on a personal level; and supporting students in grasping the scope of nursing within the mental health context. These categories described the varieties and complexity of nurse educators' pedagogical approaches addressing student nurses' mental health care competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siv Camilla Marriott
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Institute of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway, Drammen, Norway
| | - Ellen Karine Grov
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marianne Thorsen Gonzalez
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Institute of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway, Drammen, Norway
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Lakeman R, Foster K, Hazelton M, Roper C, Hurley J. Helpful encounters with mental health nurses in Australia: A survey of service users and their supporters. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2022; 30:515-525. [PMID: 36440476 DOI: 10.1111/jpm.12887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED WHAT IS KNOWN ABOUT THE SUBJECT?: Most nurses who work in mental health in Australia have completed a comprehensive nursing programme at a university. This training has been widely criticized and has not produced "job-ready" graduates. Public inquiries into mental health services have highlighted the need for transformation of mental health services and concern about future nursing shortages. WHAT THE PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: This survey highlights what service users and supporters perceive are useful nursing skills and capabilities. The characteristics of helpful encounters with nurses are also described. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE?: Helpful nursing practice is aligned with traditional nursing values and theory, rather than the performance of specific tasks. Improving the retention of nurses to this specialty area of practice requires educational processes to enable nurses to enact values, develop their therapeutic potential and undertake facilitative and supportive practices which are helpful to service users. ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Successive inquiries into mental health services in Australia have identified the need for major reform of services and proposed a return to direct-entry nursing training. AIM/QUESTION To identify what service users, family and supporters have found helpful in their encounters with nurses in mental health settings. METHOD A survey of 95 service users and supporters rated the importance of the capabilities and competencies of nurses. They also shared examples of helpful encounters with nurses which were subject to thematic analysis. RESULTS The most highly rated competencies were around demonstrating caring, empathy and understanding, and responding effectively in crisis situations. Helpful encounters involved enacted values, highly skilful interpersonal and psychotherapeutic engagement and practices that were facilitative and supportive. DISCUSSION The process and content of pre-registration nursing training needs to refocus on the nurse meeting the needs of service users and supporters, rather than the instrumental needs of services today. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Educational reform may be necessary but insufficient to address anticipated nursing workforce shortages. Policymakers and health service directors need to align services with mental health nursing values and promote practices aligned with what service users and their supporters report as helpful.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kim Foster
- Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mike Hazelton
- University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Cath Roper
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - John Hurley
- Southern Cross University, Bilinga, Queensland, Australia
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