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Pan Y, Chen Y, Cui P, Waili N, Li Y. Association between community environment and dependency among the elderly people from a service provision perspective. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:960. [PMID: 36513995 PMCID: PMC9749336 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03687-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of dependency is high among the elderly people worldwide and increases with increasing life expectancy. The purpose of this study was to establish from the perspective of resource demand the association between community environmental resources and dependency among the elderly people. METHODS This study is a cross-sectional design based on community from 22 locations in China. A multistage sampling method was used to select the study objects. The questionnaires were used to collect the survey data by face-to-face interviews. A total of 950 individuals completed the survey, and 913 individuals were available for this analysis. Dependency and community environment were measured using the standard instruments. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the community environment factors associated with dependency. Cluster analysis was used and demonstrated that dependency was mainly associated with community primary preventive care service resources. RESULTS In the group aged under 70 years, the utilization of electronic health records and the need for health assessments, and rehabilitation equipment rentals were significantly associated with the levels of dependency scores: the OR was 2.81, 2.25 and 2.13 (P < 0.05), respectively. In the group aged 70 years and over, a short-term care home was strongly associated with levels of dependency: the OR was 4.01 (P = 0.002). The daycare and nursing service, transportation service, and regular lectures on health knowledge were associated with levels of dependency: the OR was 2.41, 1.86 and 1.93 (P < 0.05). In the group with low social support, an emergency call or monitoring system, transportation services, the need for health assessment, and regular lectures on health knowledge were significantly associated with levels of dependency: the OR was 2.42, 2.19, 1.89 and 1.98 (P < 0.05), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Community environment resources were significantly associated with dependency. These results suggest that the dependent on local environment resources may consider as the resource needs among elderly people.
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Affiliation(s)
- YiYang Pan
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang China
| | - Yuan Chen
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang China
| | - PingYu Cui
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang China
| | - Nuremaguli Waili
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang China
| | - Ying Li
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang China
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Quality of Life and Anxiety Levels in Latin American Immigrants as Caregivers of Older Adults in Spain. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10122342. [PMID: 36553865 PMCID: PMC9778248 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10122342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased life expectancy in Spain has highlighted the need for formal caregivers who care for older adults who live at home. In many cases, families choose to hire immigrants from Latin America who, on many occasions, have been forced to emigrate, which causes a considerable psychological impact on them. To this, other factors such as precarious working conditions, loneliness, or high workload are added, which leads to many caregivers becoming sick. The aim of this study was to assess the quality of life and the level of anxiety derived from the workload of Latin American immigrants who come to Spain to care for older adults. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out using two validated questionnaires to measure this relationship. A correlation was also established between quality of life and anxiety as expressed by the participants. The sample consisted of a total of 426 subjects. One of the main results showed that the lower the caregiver's quality of life, the higher their level of anxiety (OR = 1.06; 95% CI). Live-in caregivers had a lower quality of life than people who did not live in the same house as the cared-for person (OR = 2.22; 95% CI). Working long hours and having a high workload was associated with poorer quality of life and higher levels of anxiety. Assessing immigrants who are formal caregivers and providing them with the support that helps to improve their quality of life is suggested to reduce the occurrence of anxiety disorders.
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Jesus DASD, Oliveira NGN, Oliveira NN, Bolina AF, Marchiori GF, Tavares DMDS. Social support among older adults understood through structural equation modeling. Rev Bras Enferm 2022; 75Suppl 4:e20220188. [PMID: 36287515 DOI: 10.1590/0034-7167-2022-0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES to analyze factors associated, directly and indirectly, with lower social support of older adults, according to sex. METHODS a cross-sectional study, with 941 older adults from a health micro-region in Minas Gerais. Descriptive and trajectory analyzes were carried out (p<0.05). RESULTS in groups of women and men, direct and significant associations were observed between a smaller social network (p<0.001;p<0.001), single-person housing (p=0.046;p<0.001), greater number of depressive symptoms (p<0.001;p=0.010) and lower participation in advanced activities (p<0.001;p=0.005) with lower social support. In women, younger age was directly and significantly associated with outcome (p<0.001). In men, older age, mediated by lower participation in advanced activities, was indirectly associated with outcome. CONCLUSIONS men and women showed less social support associated with social network, housing arrangement, depressive symptoms and participation in advanced activities. Understanding the context of social support among older adults makes it possible to establish more effective measures to improve care.
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Wang W, Luo X, Zhang C, Song J, Xu D. Can Land Transfer Alleviate the Poverty of the Elderly? Evidence from Rural China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111288. [PMID: 34769804 PMCID: PMC8582979 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study explores the impact of farmland transfer on the multidimensional relative poverty of the elderly in rural areas to provide a reference for the study of rural land transfer in China and improve the welfare system for the elderly. Based on the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) rural sample data in 2018, this paper uses the AF multidimensional index measurement method to assess multidimensional relative poverty in rural areas. Logit regression estimation examines the single index poverty of rural older adults transferred from rural land and the impact of multidimensional relative poverty, using the propensity score matching method (PSM) to analyze the results' robustness. The transfer of agricultural land has different impacts on the poverty of different rural elderly poverty indicators and negatively affects the comprehensive effect of rural elderly poverty. The transfer of agricultural land significantly alleviates rural elderly poverty. Reasonable and effective transfer of agricultural land, together with improved rural social security and a caring service system for the elderly, will promote the continuous operation of large-scale agricultural operations and alleviate rural elderly poverty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Agriculture and Forestry Economics and Management, College of Management, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Rd, Chengdu 130062, China; (W.W.); (X.L.); (C.Z.)
| | - Xin Luo
- Department of Agriculture and Forestry Economics and Management, College of Management, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Rd, Chengdu 130062, China; (W.W.); (X.L.); (C.Z.)
| | - Chongmei Zhang
- Department of Agriculture and Forestry Economics and Management, College of Management, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Rd, Chengdu 130062, China; (W.W.); (X.L.); (C.Z.)
| | - Jiahao Song
- Department of Rural and Regional Development, College of Management, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Rd, Chengdu 130062, China
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (D.X.); Tel.: +86-189-7227-0055 (J.S.); +86-028-8629-0893 (D.X.)
| | - Dingde Xu
- Sichuan Center for Rural Development Research, College of Management, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Rd, Chengdu 130062, China
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (D.X.); Tel.: +86-189-7227-0055 (J.S.); +86-028-8629-0893 (D.X.)
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Martínez-Santos AE, Facal D, Vicho de la Fuente N, Vilanova-Trillo L, Gandoy-Crego M, Rodríguez-González R. Gender impact of caring on the health of caregivers of persons with dementia. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2021; 104:2165-2169. [PMID: 33610335 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2021.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dementia is a brain syndrome that affects a growing number of persons worldwide and generates a strong and progressive demand for care from a family caregiver, usually females. OBJECTIVE We aimed to describe the care provided by family caregivers of persons with dementia as well as the impact on their health and its interrelation with gender. PATIENT INVOLVEMENT This study was carried out in collaboration with the 13 associations of family caregivers of persons with dementia that are part of a Regional Federation. This partnership worked towards bettering patient care and proposing improvements to the public health system. METHODS A multi-institutional cross-sectional study. A total of 462 primary family caregivers of persons with dementia from north-west Spain were included. Data were collected between January and April 2019 with an anonymous self-administered validated questionnaire (ICUB-97) based on Virginia Henderson's nursing care model. RESULTS The most affected needs in family caregivers are those related to "recreational activities", "communication" and "rest and sleep". Statistically significant differences between male and female participants' pattern of care and health-related impacts were found, especially in issues related to work and family reconciliation. DISCUSSION Care plans should be developed taking gender perspective into account. From a nurse model point of view, more research is necessary to reduce health disparities. This study provides an assessment of gender differences in care and the impact on caregivers' health. PRACTICAL VALUE Regarding the specific health conditions of female caregivers and from a holistic point of view, these findings could provide novel and interesting data that might help to implement gender perspective in nursing care plans, generally invisible in routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba-Elena Martínez-Santos
- University of Santiago De Compostela, Faculty of Education Sciences, Department of Pedagogy and Didactics, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; University of Santiago De Compostela, Faculty of Nursing, Department of Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing and Medicine, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - David Facal
- University of Santiago De Compostela, Faculty of Psychology, Department of Developmental Psychology, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | | | - Manuel Gandoy-Crego
- University of Santiago De Compostela, Faculty of Nursing, Department of Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing and Medicine, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Raquel Rodríguez-González
- University of Santiago De Compostela, Faculty of Nursing, Department of Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing and Medicine, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Health Research Institute of Santiago De Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Grippo AJ, McNeal N, Normann MC, Colburn W, Dagner A, Woodbury M. Behavioral and neuroendocrine consequences of disrupting a long-term monogamous social bond in aging prairie voles. Stress 2021; 24:239-250. [PMID: 32820956 PMCID: PMC7914264 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2020.1812058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Social support from a spouse, long-term partner, or someone who provides emotional or instrumental support may protect against consequences of aging, including mediating behavioral stress reactivity and altering neurobiological process that underlie short-term stress responses. Therefore, long-term social bonding may have behavioral and neurobiological benefits. The socially monogamous prairie vole provides a valuable experimental model for investigating the benefits of long-term social bonds on short-term stress reactivity in aging animals, given their unique social structure of forming enduring opposite-sex bonds, living in family groups, and bi-parental rearing strategies. Male-female pairs of long-term, cohabitating prairie voles were investigated for short-term behavioral and neuroendocrine stress reactivity following either long-term social pairing (control), or a period of social isolation. In Experiment 1, social isolation was associated with altered behavioral reactivity to an acute swim stressor, and greater neural activation in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, as well as specifically the parvocellular region, following the swim stressor (vs. control). In Experiment 2, social isolation was associated with greater corticosterone reactivity following an acute restraint stressor (vs. control). No sex differences were observed. Exploratory correlation and subgroup analyses revealed systematic relationships among various demographic variables (such as age of the subjects, amount of time the pair cohabitated together, and number of litters the pair reared together) and the behavioral and neuroendocrine outcome measures. These findings may inform our understanding of the benefits of long-term social bonding on modulating short-term behavioral and neuroendocrine responses to stress.LAY SUMMARYReceiving social support from a long-term spouse or partner, or having a strong support network from friends, may have important health benefits as people age. In aging monogamous prairie voles, social isolation from a long-term social partner disrupted behaviors and short-term stress responses, whereas living with a long-term partner protected against these disruptions. This research is important for our understanding of the benefits of social support on stress responses as we age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela J Grippo
- Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
| | - Neal McNeal
- Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
| | - Marigny C Normann
- Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
| | - William Colburn
- Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
| | - Ashley Dagner
- Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
| | - Matthew Woodbury
- Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
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Leon-Gonzalez R, Rodriguez-Artalejo F, Ortola R, Lopez-Garcia E, Garcia-Esquinas E. Social Network and Risk of Poor Sleep Outcomes in Older Adults: Results from a Spanish Prospective Cohort Study. Nat Sci Sleep 2021; 13:399-409. [PMID: 33762861 PMCID: PMC7982710 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s288195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Not having social support has been associated with poor sleep, but most prospective studies were based on social support in the workplace, did not account for baseline sleep characteristics or did not assess sleep duration. Moreover, no previous research has evaluated the relationship between social network and sleep outcomes in an older Spanish population. METHODS 1444 individuals aged ≥60 years were followed between 2012 and 2015. At baseline (2012), a poor social network index (SNI) was computed by summing the following dichotomous indicators: not being married; living alone; not having daily contact with family, friends or neighbors; being alone ≥8h/day; lacking someone to go for a walk with; not having emotional support; lacking instrumental support. Higher values in SNI indicate less social support. In 2012 and 2015, information was collected on sleep duration (hours/day) and on symptoms of sleep disturbance: bad overall sleep; difficulty falling asleep, awakening during nighttime, early awakening with difficulty getting back to sleep, use of sleeping pills, feeling restless in the morning, being asleep at daytime, and having an Epworth Sleepiness Scale>10. Poor sleep duration was defined as short (<6 h) or long (>9 h) nighttime sleep, and poor sleep quality as having ≥4 indicators of sleep disturbance. Linear or logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship of SNI with changes in sleep duration and in number of sleep disturbance indicators, or with the risk of developing poor nighttime sleep or poor sleep quality. RESULTS Compared to individuals in the lowest (best) quartile of the SNI in 2012, those in the second, third and fourth quartiles, respectively, displayed a mean (95%confidence interval [95% CI]) change of 2.32 (-7.58-12.22), -2.70 (-13.19-7.79) and -13.04 (-23.41- -2.67) minutes in sleep duration from 2012 to 2015; p for trend=0.02. A 1-point increase in the SNI at baseline was associated with an increased risk of short nighttime sleep (Odds Ratio [OR] and 95% CI: 1.22 (1.05-1.42)), poor sleep quality (OR: 1.13; 95% CI: 1.00-1.30), and of the indicator of sleep disturbance "early awakening with difficulty getting back to sleep" (OR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.07-1.35). CONCLUSION A poorer social network is associated with a higher risk of short sleep and poor sleep quality in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Leon-Gonzalez
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodriguez-Artalejo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA Food Institute, CEI Uam+csic, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosario Ortola
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Lopez-Garcia
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA Food Institute, CEI Uam+csic, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Garcia-Esquinas
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
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The Impact of Social Support on the Health of the Rural Elderly in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17062004. [PMID: 32197415 PMCID: PMC7143868 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17062004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
With the dramatic trend of global aging, the physical and mental health of the rural elderly has attracted significant attention. Social support plays an important role in improving the health of the elderly. However, assessing the impact of social support on the physical and mental health of the elderly is challenging in rural China. This paper analyzes the impact of social support on the physical and mental health of the Chinese rural elderly based on data collected from households and village cadres. Probit, Oprobit, and ordinary least squares (OLS) are used to estimate these effects. The results show that 24.3% of the rural elderly are in bad physical health, and 32.9% of them are depressed. Physical and mental health is worse among the female elderly and among those who are in western provinces. Having pensions, taking care of grandchildren, and communicating with children by telephone are shown to significantly improve the mental health of the rural elderly. The government could promote the mental health of the rural elderly by improving public health services, increasing pensions, providing free mobile phones to elderly people in poverty, and advocating that the younger generation provide emotional support.
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