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Purohit BM, Malhotra S, Deb Burma M, Bhadauria US, Agarwal D, Shivakumar S, Duggal R, Priya H. Effectiveness of an oral health promotion training program among school nurses in India. NURSE EDUCATION TODAY 2024; 132:105989. [PMID: 37913634 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2023.105989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schools are a valuable platform for oral health promotion and the role of school nurse is critical in promoting oral health of children. A training program was carried out to assess its effectiveness in promoting oral health among school nurses of Navodaya Vidyalaya Samiti (NVS), one of the largest groups of central schools in India. METHODOLOGY A total of 557 school nurses of Navodaya Vidyalaya schools participated in the training program. The training was delivered virtually using didactic teaching methods based on a conceptual framework. Pre and post knowledge scores were assessed for all the participants. RESULTS A total of 451 pre-post complete responses were received during training program, with a response rate of 81 %. There was significant improvement in the overall knowledge scores (p < 0.001) of school nurses. After the training program was completed, oral health screening and education for students was conducted by these trained nurses in coordination with teachers in their respective schools. CONCLUSION The present training program was effective in addressing the gaps in oral health knowledge of the school nurses and significantly improving their oral health knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharathi M Purohit
- Division of Public Health Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sneha Malhotra
- National Oral Health Program, Centre for Dental Education and Research, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Manali Deb Burma
- National Oral Health Program, Centre for Dental Education and Research, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Upendra Singh Bhadauria
- Division of Public Health Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepali Agarwal
- Division of Public Health Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sasidharan Shivakumar
- National Oral Health Program, Centre for Dental Education and Research, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Ritu Duggal
- Division of Orthodontics, Chief Centre for Dental Education and Research, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Harsh Priya
- Division of Public Health Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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Lawal FB, Fagbule OF, Akinloye S, Lawal TA, Oke GA. Impact of oral hygiene habits on oral health-related quality of life of in-school adolescents in Ibadan, Nigeria. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2022; 3:979674. [PMID: 36338573 PMCID: PMC9632948 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2022.979674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent evidence has shown that the prevalence of periodontal diseases is still high among adolescents and, thus, there is an impetus to promote good oral hygiene habits among them through schools. There is a need to provide baseline data on the oral hygiene habits of adolescents and how it impacts their oral health-related quality of life for appropriate intervention to be instituted. Moreover, oral health-related quality of life describes how oral health affects the daily activities of individuals; thus, it provides a holistic means of involving individuals in making decisions about their oral health including uptake of oral hygiene habits. Aim To assess the impact of oral hygiene habits on adolescents' oral health-related quality of life. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,800 adolescents aged 14–18 years attending 36 Senior Secondary Schools in the metropolis of Ibadan, Nigeria. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire, which assessed students' sociodemographic characteristics, oral hygiene habits, and oral health-related quality of life with COHIP-SF19. Data obtained was analyzed with SPSS version 25 and the p-value was set at <5%. Results The mean age of the adolescents was 15.16 (±1.16) years. Many 1,094 (60.3%) cleaned their teeth twice or more often daily with 126 (7.0%) cleaning after meals and 1,519 (84.4%) changing their tooth cleaning agent at three months intervals or less. About 1,215 (67.5%) spent three minutes or longer in cleaning their teeth. Only a few 238 (13.2%) cleaned interdentally and 137 (7.6%) used dental floss. The OHRQoL scores of the adolescents ranged from 9–76. A total of 1,612 (93.5%) had at least an impact on their OHRQoL. Those who cleaned their teeth more frequently (twice or more) were more likely to have better OHRQoL (OR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.1–2.4, p = 0.025) and those who did not clean interdentally were more likely to have better OHRQoL (OR = 2.8, 95% CI = 1.2–6.5, p = 0.014) than others. Conclusion The oral hygiene habits of the adolescents were suboptimal and those who cleaned their teeth twice or more often each day had fewer impacts on their OHRQoL, whereas those who engaged in interdental cleaning had higher impacts on their OHRQoL than others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Folake Barakat Lawal
- Department of Periodontology and Community Dentistry, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
- Consortium for Advanced Research Training in Africa, African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
- Correspondence: F.B. Lawal
| | - Omotayo Francis Fagbule
- Department of Periodontology and Community Dentistry, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Seyi John Akinloye
- Department of Oral Pathology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Taiwo Akeem Lawal
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Gbemisola Aderemi Oke
- Department of Periodontology and Community Dentistry, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
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Amedari MI, Ogunbodede EO, Uti OG, Aborisade AO, Amedari IK. Strengthening the oral health system in Nigeria: A health systems building block approach. Niger Postgrad Med J 2022; 29:173-182. [PMID: 35900452 DOI: 10.4103/npmj.npmj_127_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
AIM The present study aimed to describe the building blocks of the oral health system, including the role that the community plays in strengthening the oral health system in Nigeria. METHODOLOGY This research was a scoping review of the existing literature retrieved from search engines and databases. Thus, we utilised grey literature, peer-reviewed literature, policy documents and websites. The oral health system was analysed using the World Health Organisation's Health systems framework, and we adapted this framework by introducing a seventh block, community participation. We also inserted the links between the oral health service delivery and oral health workforce blocks of the framework to improve the oral health outcomes. RESULTS More dental clinics are required to improve the availability and accessibility of oral health services. Dental workforce expansion is imperative. This can be approached by training of junior cadre dental professionals and incorporating community health practitioners to deliver basic oral care. There is an unregulated access to medication to treat dental conditions; hence, oral disease treatments need to be included in the country's treatment guidelines to improve standard of care. The government needs to improve on overall health spending and invariably increase oral health care allocation urgently. Furthermore, the country's stewardship of oral health care is hinged on well disseminated and implemented national policies on oral health. The oral health system can achieve its overall goals with community participation, engagement and ownership. CONCLUSION Strengthening the oral health system in Nigeria requires urgent attention on each building block and cross-cutting interventions across the system's building blocks. The role of the community will need to be recognised because it is vital in sustaining any organisational change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mcking Izeiza Amedari
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Eyitope O Ogunbodede
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Omolara G Uti
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Science, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Adetayo O Aborisade
- Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Ifeoma Katerine Amedari
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
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Akera P, Kennedy SE, Lingam R, Obwolo MJ, Schutte AE, Richmond R. Effectiveness of primary school-based interventions in improving oral health of children in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:264. [PMID: 35768801 PMCID: PMC9245251 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02291-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Risk factors for oral disease can potentially be ameliorated by school-based interventions. This review evaluates the effectiveness of primary school-based interventions in improving oral health among children in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods Our systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for systematic reviews of effectiveness. Medline, Embase, Global Health, CINAHL, Emcare, Scopus, Web of Science, WHO website, Google Advanced and Google Scholar were searched for experimental and observational studies published between 1995 and 2021 in English. Quality assessment and data extraction of the articles were performed by two independent reviewers. The primary outcome was decayed, missing, and filled teeth/surfaces [dmft(s)/DMFT(S)] scores. Seven meta-analyses were conducted. Results The search yielded 1178 publications and after removing duplicates, 753 remained. A further 648 publications were excluded after screening titles and abstracts. 105 publications were reviewed in full and 34 were included. Narrative synthesis showed school-based interventions had a positive effect on oral health outcomes. Meta-analysis showed a significant positive effect on dental caries measured by DMFT scores (standardised mean difference (SMD) = − 0.33; 95% CI − 0.56 to − 0.10; P = 0.005), net increment in DMFS scores (SMD = − 1.09; 95% CI − 1.91 to − 0.27; P = 0.009), dmft and DMFT/S score > 1 (Risk Ratio = 0.70; 95% CI 0.53 to 0.94; P = 0.02) and plaque scores (SMD = − 0.32; 95% CI − 0.46 to − 0.18; P < 0.00001). Non-significant positive effect was observed for dental caries measured by net increment in DMFT scores (SMD = − 0.34; 95% CI − 0.69 to 0.02; P = 0.06) and DMFS scores (SMD = − 0.26; 95% CI − 0.70 to 0.18; P = 0.24), and gingival health (SMD = 0.12; 95% CI − 0.32 to 0.55; P = 0.60). Certainty of evidence was assessed as very low for all oral health outcomes. Conclusion School-based interventions can be effective in reducing the burden of oral disease among primary school children in LMICs, with skills-based education, teacher training, provision of access to oral health services and parental engagement emerging as particularly promising. Further research is required to provide evidence of effectiveness of primary school-based interventions to improve oral health. Systematic review registration The title of this review was registered with PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42020202599). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12903-022-02291-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Akera
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. .,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University, P.O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda.
| | - Sean E Kennedy
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Raghu Lingam
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mark J Obwolo
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University, P.O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda
| | - Aletta E Schutte
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - Robyn Richmond
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Wang MC, Wu JY, Shih WY. A scoping review of intervention components of school-based oral health-related behavioural interventions using the Theoretical Domains Framework. Eur J Oral Sci 2021; 130:e12841. [PMID: 34935210 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to review the intervention components of school-based oral health-related behavioural interventions using the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). We identified relevant papers from the review of Cooper et al., and these papers came from both the original inclusion and exclusion article lists. We also modified and updated their search strategies (2013 - April 2019). The 53 included papers reported on 79 interventions (experimental groups = 57 interventions, control groups = 22 interventions). Most of the papers used three to nine domains (average = 5.6) in their experimental interventions, and the most commonly used domains were 'knowledge,' 'skills,' 'social influences,' and 'environmental context and resources.' Considering the complexity of intervention components in one programme, there is no one specific domain or domain set that can determine the success of behavioural interventions. The design of future programmes should be guided by a complex intervention methodology. However, the best combination set might not exist, and the choice of domains should depend on local context or resources. This study can be used as a resource for identifying previous papers, which have used the same domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ching Wang
- Department of Dentistry, Taipei Municipal Wanfang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Yi Wu
- Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yu Shih
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Melo P, Fine C, Malone S, Taylor S. Impact of the Brush Day & Night Programme on Oral Health Knowledge and Behaviour in Children. Int Dent J 2021; 71:S0020-6539(21)00033-2. [PMID: 33678400 PMCID: PMC9275310 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2021.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES School-based interventions can establish positive behaviours that reduce the likelihood of oral diseases later in life. The Brush Day & Night (BDN) programme is a 21-day school-based educational programme to promote good oral health behaviours. This study aims to evaluate the effect of the BDN programme on oral health knowledge and behaviour outcomes in children after the intervention as compared to a control group over 24 weeks. METHODS This was a superiority cluster randomised trial of children aged 6-12 years from Indonesia (N = 2021) and Nigeria (N = 750). All children were provided with toothpaste and a toothbrush, and the intervention groups (N = 1107 and 439, respectively) received the 21-day BDN programme. Children were followed up at Weeks 3, 8, and 24 after the programme start date and completed a questionnaire addressing the objectives at all timepoints. Improvement in oral health knowledge and behaviour was calculated based on the percentage of positive change in answers and analysed based on a conditional logistic approach for each evaluation timepoint, compared with control, with a 95% CI. RESULTS After 24 weeks, Indonesian children following the BDN programme presented with a 30% and 60% additional probability, respectively, of adequate timing of toothbrushing and of being aware of the importance of adequate toothbrushing frequency compared with control. In Nigeria, after 24 weeks, children following the BDN programme had a 92% and 73% higher probability of adequate toothbrushing frequency and of using fluoride toothpaste, respectively, compared with control. CONCLUSIONS The BDN programme is effective at improving children's knowledge and behaviour compared with a control population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Melo
- Faculty of Dentistry, Institute of Public Health, EpiUnit, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | | | | | - Sean Taylor
- FDI World Dental Federation, Geneva, Switzerland
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Akkaya DD, Sezici E. Teaching Preschool Children Correct Toothbrushing Habits Through Playful Learning Interventions: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Pediatr Nurs 2021; 56:e70-e76. [PMID: 32811701 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the effect of playful learning interventions (with toys, visual and auditory sources) on appropriate toothbrushing behaviors and the amount of accumulated plaque in preschool children. DESIGN AND METHODS The study was carried out as a parallel-group, randomized and controlled study during the period October-December 2018, with 100 preschool children. The preschool students were randomly assigned to an intervention and a control group. The children in the intervention group were given instructions on how to brush their teeth while the children in the control group were not given any instruction outside of what they had learned in preschool. The playful learning interventions that were carried out consisted of three rounds of meetings designed to educate the children about adopting appropriate toothbrushing behaviors. RESULTS The study groups were well matched at baseline (p = .537) and the intervention group showed statistically significant improvements in toothbrushing (p = .001) and plaque control (p = .001) following the intervention in comparison to the controls. Additionally, while the amount of plaque decreased in the children in the intervention group (p = .001), plaque increased in the control group after the intervention (p = .001). CONCLUSIONS This study showed that after the playful learning interventions carried out with the preschool children, appropriate toothbrushing behaviors were acquired and there was a decrease in the amount of plaque. APPLICATION TO PRACTICE Nurses who work with preschool children could use toys and songs as effective and entertaining nursing interventions for developing correct toothbrushing behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Done Akkaya
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kutahya Health Sciences University, Turkey.
| | - Emel Sezici
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kutahya Health Sciences University, Turkey.
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Oyedele TA, Adeyemo YI, Ladeji AM, Adetayo AM, Nzomiwu CL. Comparison of Dental Caries and Oral Hygiene Status of Children in Suburban with those in Rural Population of Southwestern Nigeria. PESQUISA BRASILEIRA EM ODONTOPEDIATRIA E CLÍNICA INTEGRADA 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/pboci.2021.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Folayan MO, Oginni AB, El Tantawi M, Alade M, Adeniyi AA, Finlayson TL. Association between nutritional status and early childhood caries risk profile in a suburban Nigeria community. Int J Paediatr Dent 2020; 30:798-804. [PMID: 32243034 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malnutrition is associated with oral health problems. AIM To determine the association between malnutrition (undernourished and over-nourished) and early childhood caries (ECC) in a suburban population in Nigeria. DESIGN Data were extracted from a database of a household survey of 1549 under 6-year-old children. Explanatory variables were nutritional status (normal, undernourished [wasted, stunted and underweight], or over-nourished). The outcome measure was the prevalence of ECC. Children's sociodemographic characteristics (socio-economic status, sex, age) and caries-risk variables (frequency of sugar consumption in-between-meals, oral hygiene status) were the confounders. Association between ECC and malnutrition was determined using the Poisson regression analysis. Statistical significance was set at P ≤ .05. RESULTS About one-third (31.4%) of children had expected height/weight for age; 848 (54.7%) were undernourished; and 215 (13.9%) were over-nourished. Nutritional status was not significantly associated with the prevalence of ECC. Children who consumed sugar in-between-meals three or more times a day were twice as likely to have ECC as were those who consumed sugar less often in-between-meals (APR: 2.23; 95% CI: 1.30-3.81; P = .003). Children 3-5 years old were more likely to have ECC than were those 0-2 years old (APR: 2.40; 95% CI: 1.10-5.22; P = .03). CONCLUSIONS ECC was not associated with undernourished and over-nourished in a suburban population in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maha El Tantawi
- Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Micheal Alade
- Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Nigeria
| | - Abiola A Adeniyi
- Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals' Complex, Ife, Nigeria
| | - Tracy L Finlayson
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
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Edomwonyi AI, Adeniyi AA, Adedigba MA, Oyapero A. Use of teachers as agents of oral health education: Intervention study among public secondary school pupils in Lagos. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:2806-2813. [PMID: 32984130 PMCID: PMC7491855 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1269_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Common oral diseases are preventable and if detected early are reversible and schools provide a setting in which the oral health behavior of pupils can be influenced. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of using teachers in place of oral health professionals to deliver oral health education (OHE) in public secondary schools in Lagos State. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted in four phases from September 2016-April 2017. A multistage sampling method was adopted to enlist the research participants from four enlisted schools, which were randomly assigned into two groups. Trained dentists delivered OHE in the first group of schools while trained teachers did in the second group and the impact of the intervention was assessed over six months. P values for significant differences were set at 0.05. Results: At the 3 months evaluation, the mean oral health knowledge (OHK) scores were higher among pupils in the Teachers Intervention Schools (TIS) (71.3 ± 19.3) than that in the Dentist Intervention Schools (DIS) (61.3 ± 17.7) (P = 0.023). Subsequent evaluation sessions from baseline revealed a gradual increase in the proportion of pupils with positive oral health attitude scores; with a higher proportion of pupils in the DIS (34.5%) compared to the TIS (34.0%) at 6 months assessment time. At 6 months evaluation, the proportion of pupils with poor oral health practices decreased in both groups of schools (P = 0.104). Conclusion: The proportion of pupils with good OHK was higher in the TIS at post-intervention periods; this difference was statistically significant at 3 months. This result suggests that teachers are as effective as dentists in delivering OHE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abiola Adetokunbo Adeniyi
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Michael A Adedigba
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Afolabi Oyapero
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
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Gargano L, Mason MK, Northridge ME. Advancing Oral Health Equity Through School-Based Oral Health Programs: An Ecological Model and Review. Front Public Health 2019; 7:359. [PMID: 31850296 PMCID: PMC6901974 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In the United States and elsewhere, children are more likely to have poor oral health if they are homeless, poor, and/or members of racial/ethnic minority and immigrant populations who have suboptimal access to oral health care. As a result, poor oral health serves as the primary marker of social inequality. Here, the authors posit that school-based oral health programs that aim to purposefully address determinants of health care access, health and well-being, and skills-based health education across multiple levels of influence (individual/population, interpersonal, community, and societal/policy) may be more effective in achieving oral health equity than programs that solely target a single outcome (screening, education) or operate only on the individual level. An ecological model is derived from previously published multilevel frameworks and the World Health Organization (WHO) concept of a health-promoting school. The extant literature is then examined for examples of evaluated school-based oral health programs, their locations and outcomes(s)/determinant(s) of interest, the levels of influence they target, and their effectiveness and equity attributes. The authors view school-based oral health programs as vehicles for advancing oral health equity, since vulnerable children often lack access to any preventive or treatment services absent on-site care provision at schools. At the same time, they are incapable of achieving sustainable results without attention to multiple levels of influence. Policy solutions that improve the nutritional quality of children's diets in schools and neighborhoods and engage alternative providers at all levels of influence may be both effective and equitable.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mary E. Northridge
- New York University (NYU) Langone Dental Medicine—Brooklyn, Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, NYU School of Medicine, Brooklyn, NY, United States
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López-Núñez B, Aleksejūnienė J, Villanueva-Vilchis MDC. School-Based Dental Education for Improving Oral Self-Care in Mexican Elementary School-Aged Children. Health Promot Pract 2019; 20:684-696. [PMID: 30971134 DOI: 10.1177/1524839919840342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aim. To test the efficiency and acceptance of school-based dental education for improving oral self-care in Mexican elementary school-aged children. Method. A total of 408 students from 4 schools were examined at the baseline, 3 months (follow-up rate was 94%) and 6 months observations (follow-up rate 91%). Group 1 served as a control, Group 2 received a lecture-based education, and Group 3 consisted of trained peer-leaders who educated their peers. Oral self-care practice and oral self-care skills were assessed at the baseline and both follow-ups. A number of sociodemographic and oral health behavior/knowledge characteristics were tested as predictors of oral self-care outcomes at different observation periods. Results. Oral self-care outcomes improved in Groups 2 and 3, but not in the control group. The selected child population, their caregivers and teachers perceived the school-based educational strategy as important and necessary. There was no consistent pattern of predictors explaining variations in oral self-care outcomes at any of the observation periods. Oral self-care improvement observed at the 6 months observation was mainly predicted by the baseline oral self-care levels, dental education, and age. Conclusions. The school-based dental education was easy to implement, and it was effective for improving children's oral self-care practice and skills.
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Halawany HS, Al Badr A, Al Sadhan S, Al Balkhi M, Al-Maflehi N, Abraham NB, Jacob V, Al Sherif G. Effectiveness of oral health education intervention among female primary school children in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Saudi Dent J 2018; 30:190-196. [PMID: 29942102 PMCID: PMC6011217 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of oral health intervention on the improvement in knowledge and self-reported oral health behavior among 6–8 year old female primary school children in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Materials and methods The sample consisted of 1661 girls in primary schools who are 6 to 8-year-olds (first, second and third graders). The children’s level of knowledge was assessed by a self-administered questionnaire that was formulated for this specific age and divided into two parts; oral health knowledge and self-reported oral health behavior. There were seven multiple choice questions and one true/false question with five underlying parts in the questionnaire which contained basic information about oral health knowledge, oral hygiene practices and certain habits that affect teeth. The questionnaires were distributed before and six weeks after implementation of the oral health educational program to measure the level improvement of knowledge regarding oral health among these children. Results All the questions showed statistically significant improvement in knowledge and self-reported behavior in the post intervention group. There was a significant increase in the level of knowledge by 11.24% and level of self-reported behavior by 25% after intervention (P < 0.001). The highest net change in the knowledge due to intervention was noted among third graders (13.3%), whereas for self-reported oral health behavior, it was noted among first graders (28.3%). Conclusion The results of this study showed that an easy-to-organize and inexpensive school-based intervention can, on a short-term basis, be effective in improving the knowledge and self-reported oral health behavior of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Suliman Halawany
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Dental Caries Research Chair, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Corresponding author at: Dental Caries Research Chair, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abid Al Badr
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salwa Al Sadhan
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mashaiel Al Balkhi
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nassr Al-Maflehi
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nimmi Biju Abraham
- Dental Caries Research Chair, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vimal Jacob
- Dental Caries Research Chair, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gehan Al Sherif
- Dental Caries Research Chair, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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14
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Abstract
Dental caries is the main oral health challenge for children in Nigeria. Concern about its negative impact makes screening for caries in children an attractive public health strategy. The ability to detect the preclinical phase of caries, the availability of screening tools with high accuracy, and the possibility of treatment before onset of clinical symptoms with significant cost and health benefits, makes it appropriate for screening. However in Nigeria, the poor availability of highly specific and sensitive screening tools, poor access to oral health care and concerns with pre-screening consent, raise the question of the appropriateness of conducting screening programmes for children. We argue that a number of structural challenges associated with poor uptake of oral health care services need to be addressed before screening for caries can be considered ethically appropriate. These include facilitating access of children to quality oral health care and a systematic national approach to oral health implementation. Failure to address challenges associated with dental service utilization by children in Nigeria increases the risk of screening programmes promoting inequitable access to oral health care services.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Abiola A Adeniyi
- c Department of Preventive Dentistry , Lagos State University College of Medicine , Ikeja , Lagos , Nigeria
| | - Wasiu Lanre Adeyemo
- d Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Sciences, College of Medicine , University of Lagos , Akoka , Lagos , Nigeria
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15
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Kaewkamnerdpong I, Krisdapong S. The Associations of School Oral Health-Related Environments with Oral Health Behaviours and Dental Caries in Children. Caries Res 2018; 52:166-175. [DOI: 10.1159/000485747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Creating supportive oral health-related environments in schools is an important strategy for promoting schoolchildren’s oral health. This study determined the associations between school environments and children’s oral behaviour and dental caries. The data on school oral health-related environments were obtained through observation and interviews. Oral behaviour and dental caries data were collected through interviews and oral examinations of 984 sixth grade children. χ2 and multiple logistic regression, adjusted for sociodemographic and economic status, other school environment variables, and oral behaviour were used. Providing fresh fruit with school meals was associated with low sweets consumption and low caries levels. Children’s daily sweets consumption was positively associated with sweetened milk sales in schools. Selling sweetened beverages, including sweetened milk, sweetened drinks, and soft drinks, was associated with high caries levels, while selling meat and crispy packed snacks was associated with low caries levels. Children in schools with integrated oral health education were significantly more likely to brush their teeth twice a day and to brush after lunch. In conclusion, school oral health-related environments, especially available food choices, were associated with sweets consumption behaviour and caries levels. Children in schools with integrated oral health education had better brushing habits.
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16
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Ghaffari M, Rakhshanderou S, Ramezankhani A, Noroozi M, Armoon B. Oral Health Education and Promotion Programmes: Meta-Analysis of 17-Year Intervention. Int J Dent Hyg 2017; 16:59-67. [DOI: 10.1111/idh.12304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Ghaffari
- Environmental & Occupational Hazards Control Research Center; School of Public Health; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - S Rakhshanderou
- Environmental & Occupational Hazards Control Research Center; School of Public Health; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - A Ramezankhani
- Department of Health Education; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - M Noroozi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center; University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - B Armoon
- School of Public Health; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
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17
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Ghaffari M, Rakhshanderou S, Ramezankhani A, Buunk-Werkhoven Y, Noroozi M, Armoon B. Are educating and promoting interventions effective in oral health?: A systematic review. Int J Dent Hyg 2017; 16:48-58. [PMID: 28834249 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is estimated that about 20%-25% of the world's population are suffering from periodontal diseases or severe gum diseases. This requires appropriate interventions. For the development of effective and evidence-based programmes tailored to the target group, the aim of this review was to survey to the effectiveness of oral health education and promotion interventions in the relevant groups of people. METHODS The electronic databases including PubMed, EMBASE, Web of science and Cochrane Library were searched for English language studies between 2010 and (January-December) 2016. To assess the quality of articles, the checklist was used that includes 19 items. Studies were selected based on PICOs criteria, and finally, 16 studies were entered in our study. RESULTS A total of 16 articles were selected, classified into two groups (A and B groups), so that group A with short-term effects includes improving knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy, oral health behaviour (toothbrushing and flossing), theoretical constructs (perceived susceptibility, perceived severity and perceived behavioural control) which consists of 15 articles and group B with long-term effects includes improving decayed teeth, plaque, calculus and bleeding which consists of six articles. CONCLUSION Approximately, this study supports effectiveness of all oral health education and promotion interventions, especially in short-term outcomes. Regarding the importance of long-term and short-term outcomes for oral health education and promotion programmes, These interventions could be performed in the future with several target groups including family and teachers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ghaffari
- Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Rakhshanderou
- Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Ramezankhani
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yab Buunk-Werkhoven
- SPOH ARTS, Amsterdam in collaboration with HEALTH group of the department of Social and Organizational Psychology, University of Groningen, Grote Kruisstraat 2/1, 9712 TS, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Noroozi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - B Armoon
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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18
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Freitas CN, Castelo PM, Sousa KG, Alonso GC, Fonseca FLA, Klein MI, Barbosa TS. Educational strategies and atraumatic restorative treatment effect on salivary characteristics: A controlled clinical trial. Oral Dis 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- CN Freitas
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry; Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba; Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP); Piracicaba Brazil
| | - PM Castelo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)-Campus Diadema; Diadema Brazil
| | - KG Sousa
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry; Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba; Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP); Piracicaba Brazil
| | - GC Alonso
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics; Araraquara Dental School; Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP; São Paulo Brazil
| | - FLA Fonseca
- Department of Hematology and Oncology; Faculdade de Medicina do ABC (FMABC); Santo André Brazil
| | - MI Klein
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics; Araraquara Dental School; Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP; São Paulo Brazil
| | - TS Barbosa
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry; Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba; Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP); Piracicaba Brazil
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19
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Naidu J, Nandlal B. Evaluation of the Effectiveness of a Primary Preventive Dental Health Education Programme Implemented Through School Teachers for Primary School Children in Mysore City. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2017; 7:82-89. [PMID: 28462175 PMCID: PMC5390583 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_326_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims and Objectives: The present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effectiveness of a Primary Preventive Dental Health Education Programme conducted for 6–12-year-old primary school children in Mysore City. Materials and Methods: A total of 12 schools, one each in the category of Government, Aided, and Unaided, were randomly selected per zone viz., North, South, East, and West. These 12 schools constituted the study group where the Primary Preventive School Dental Health Education Programme (PPSDHEP) was implemented. Two additional schools were selected at random from the four zones to serve as the control. A total of 926 children participated in the study. The PPSDHEP involved the second-level transfer of preventive package wherein the oral health education was imparted to the school children by schoolteachers trained by the investigator. Among the parameters for evaluating the outcome of the programme were the pre and post-programme assessment (at the baseline and at follow-up, i.e., after 6 months) of knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP), dental caries status, oral hygiene, and gingival health status. Results: The results suggest that the PPSDHEP resulted in bringing about an enhancement in the KAP towards oral health and also an improvement in dental caries, oral hygiene, and gingival health status of the school children in the study group. Conclusion: The present study supports the implementation of similar programmes in schools and the contention that schoolteachers are suitable personnel for imparting dental health education to school children on a regular basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Naidu
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, VIDS and RC, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - B Nandlal
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, J.S.S Dental College and Hospital, Mysore, Karnataka, India
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20
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Agbaje HO, Kolawole KA, Folayan MO, Onyejaka NK, Oziegbe EO, Oyedele TA, Chukwumah NM, Oshomoji OV. Digit Sucking, Age, Sex, and Socioeconomic Status as Determinants of Oral Hygiene Status and Gingival Health of Children in Suburban Nigeria. J Periodontol 2016; 87:1047-56. [PMID: 27240472 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2016.150681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study determines prevalence of digit sucking and gingivitis, and association among age, sex, socioeconomic status, presence of digit-sucking habits, oral hygiene status (OHS), and gingivitis among a group of Nigerian children. METHODS Data of 992 children aged 1 to 12 years recruited through a household survey conducted in Osun State, Nigeria were analyzed. Information on age, sex, socioeconomic status, and history of digit-sucking habits were collected. Children were assessed for OHS and severity of gingivitis using the simplified oral hygiene index and the gingival index, respectively. Predictors of presence of gingivitis and poor oral hygiene were determined using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS One (0.2%) and 454 (93.0%) children aged 1 to 5 years had poor oral hygiene and mild gingivitis, respectively. Twenty-two (4.4%) and 361 (72.9%) children aged 6 to 12 years had poor oral hygiene and mild gingivitis, respectively. The odds of having poor oral hygiene (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 0.26; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.20 to 0.35; P <0.001) and gingivitis (AOR: 0.21; 95% CI: 0.14 to 0.31; P <0.001) was significantly reduced for children aged 1 to 5 years. The odds of having gingivitis was increased in children with low socioeconomic status (AOR: 2.09; 95% CI: 1.32 to 3.31; P = 0.002). There was no significant relationship among sex, digit sucking, OHS, and presence of gingivitis. CONCLUSIONS A digit-sucking habit did not increase chances of having poor oral hygiene and gingivitis. Increasing age and low socioeconomic status were factors that significantly increased chances of having poor oral hygiene and gingivitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakeem O Agbaje
- Oral Habit Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.,Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals' Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Kikelomo A Kolawole
- Oral Habit Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.,Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals' Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.,Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals' Complex
| | - Morenike O Folayan
- Oral Habit Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.,Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals' Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.,Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals' Complex
| | - Nneka K Onyejaka
- Oral Habit Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.,Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals' Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Elizabeth O Oziegbe
- Oral Habit Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.,Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals' Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.,Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals' Complex
| | - Titus A Oyedele
- Oral Habit Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.,Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals' Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Nneka M Chukwumah
- Oral Habit Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.,Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals' Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Olusegun V Oshomoji
- Oral Habit Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.,Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals' Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
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21
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Folayan MO, Kolawole KA, Chukwumah NM, Oyedele T, Agbaje HO, Onyejaka N, Oziegbe EO, Oshomoji OV. Use of caries prevention tools and associated caries risk in a suburban population of children in Nigeria. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2016; 17:187-93. [PMID: 27160760 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-016-0227-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine the association between use of recommended oral self-care (ROSC) caries prevention tools and presence of dental caries in children resident in suburban Nigeria. METHODOLOGY Secondary analysis was conducted for a dataset generated for 1-12 years old children recruited through a household survey. Information on use of ROSC caries prevention tools (brushing more than once a day, use of fluoridated toothpaste always, and eating sugary snacks between main meals less than once a day), use of oral health adjuncts (dental floss, mouth rinses, other tooth cleansing agents) and presence of caries were extracted. The odds of having caries when ROSC caries prevention tools were used singly or in combination, were determined using multivariate logistic regression adjusted for age and sex. RESULTS The single or combined use of ROSC caries prevention tools had no statistically significant association with presence of caries. Brushing more than once a day reduced the odds of having caries while consumption of sugar between meals once a day or more increased the odds of having caries after adjusting for age and gender. The use of two ROSC caries prevention tools reduced the risk for caries (AOR 0.28; 95 % CI 0.05-1.53) when adjusted for age. The converse was observed when adjusted for gender (AOR 1.15; 95 % CI 0.38-3.45). The largest effect size was observed when sugary snacks were taken once a day or more between meals after adjusting for age (AOR 5.74; 95 % CI 0.34-96.11). CONCLUSION The use of a combination of fluoridated toothpaste and twice-daily tooth brushing had the largest effect on reducing the chance for caries in children resident in Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- M O Folayan
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. .,Oral Habit Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. .,Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
| | - K A Kolawole
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.,Oral Habit Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.,Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - N M Chukwumah
- Oral Habit Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.,Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Titus Oyedele
- Oral Habit Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.,Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - H O Agbaje
- Oral Habit Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.,Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - N Onyejaka
- Oral Habit Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.,Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - E O Oziegbe
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.,Oral Habit Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.,Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - O V Oshomoji
- Oral Habit Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.,Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
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22
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Onyejaka NK, Folayan MO, Folaranmi N. Barriers and facilitators of dental service utilization by children aged 8 to 11 years in Enugu State, Nigeria. BMC Health Serv Res 2016; 16:93. [PMID: 26979531 PMCID: PMC4793514 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-016-1341-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple factors influence a child's ability to access oral health care. The aim of this study was to identify factors that facilitated and served as barriers to children's utilization of oral health care services in Enugu, Nigeria. METHODS The study recruited 1406 primary school pupils aged 8 to 11 years. All the children received oral health education, with the aid of an oral health education curriculum appropriate for their age. After this, referral letters were given to the children. Twelve months later, the study participants were revisited in their schools to obtain information on their reasons for utilizing, or not utilizing an oral health care service in the last 12 months. The association between socio-economic status; form of parenthood; number of siblings, birth rank and reasons for utilization and non-utilization of dental services were assessed. Influence on the child's predisposition to oral health service utilization on dental visit was also assessed. RESULTS Only 116 (14.7 %) of the 791 children accessible during the 12 months follow-up visit had visited the dental clinic and the main reason for utilization was the desire to fulfill the dentist's request for dental visit (41.9 %) while parents' inability to make out time for a dental visit (43.3 %) was the main reason for non-utilization. The odds of utilizing oral health care services for study participants from the middle (AOR: 0.50; CI: 0.31-0.79; P = 0.003) and low (AOR: 0.24; CI: 0.13-0.45; p = <0.001) socioeconomic strata, and those living with guardians/relatives (AOR: 0.08; CI: 0.01-0.60; p = 0.01) were decreased when compared to those living with both parents, respectively. Respondents with positive perception about dental service utilization had increased odds of utilizing oral health care (AOR: 2.96; CI: 1.48-5.90; p = 0.002). CONCLUSION Dentists can be strong motivators for children to utilize oral health care. Time is a significant barrier for the utilization of dental services. The programs designed to address barriers to oral health care utilization for children should be geared towards overcoming the possible threats that socio-economic status and type of parents they have may pose, to reduce inequity in dental service utilization.
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