1
|
Ahmad M, Hussain A, Dar A, Luqman M, Ditta A, Iqbal Z, Ahmad HT, Nazli F, Soufan W, Almutairi K, Sabagh AE. Combating iron and zinc malnutrition through mineral biofortification in maize through plant growth promoting Bacillus and Paenibacillus species. Front Plant Sci 2023; 13:1094551. [PMID: 36816488 PMCID: PMC9929565 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1094551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The burgeoning population of the world is causing food insecurity not only by less food availability but also by the malnutrition of essential nutrients and vitamins. Malnutrition is mostly linked with food having micronutrients lower than the optimal concentration of that specific food commodity and becoming an emerging challenge over the globe. Microbial biofortification in agriculture ensures nutritional security through microbial nitrogen fixation, and improved phosphate and zinc solubilization, which increase the uptake of these nutrients. The present study evaluates the novel plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) to biofortify maize gain. METHODS For this purpose, a pot and two field experiments for maize were conducted. PGPRs were applied alone and in combination for a better understanding of the biofortification potential of these strains. At physiological maturity, the growth parameters, and at harvest, the yield, microbial population, and nutritional status of maize were determined. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Results revealed that the consortium (ZM27+ZM63+S10) has caused the maximum increase in growth under pot studies like plant height (31%), shoot fresh weight (28%), shoot dry weight (27%), root fresh (33%) and dry weights (29%), and microbial count (21%) in the maize rhizosphere. The mineral analysis of the pot trial also revealed that consortium of ZM27+ZM63+S10 has caused 28, 16, 20, 11 and 11% increases in P, N, K, Fe, and Zn contents in maize, respectively, as compared to un-inoculated treatment in pot studies. A similar trend of results was also observed in both field trials as the consortium of ZM27+ZM63+S10 caused the maximum increase in not only growth and biological properties but also caused maximum biofortification of mineral nutrients in maize grains. The grain yield and 1000-grain weight were also found significantly higher 17 and 12%, respectively, under consortium application as compared to control. So, it can be concluded from these significant results obtained from the PGPR consortium application that microbial inoculants play a significant role in enhancing the growth, yield, and quality of the maize. However, the extensive evaluation of the consortium may help in the formulation of a biofertilizer for sustainable production and biofortification of maize to cope with nutritional security.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maqshoof Ahmad
- Department of Soil Science, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Azhar Hussain
- Department of Soil Science, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Abubakar Dar
- Department of Soil Science, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Luqman
- Department of Soil Science, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Allah Ditta
- Department of environmental science, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal, Pakistan
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Zafar Iqbal
- National Research Center of Intercropping, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Tanvir Ahmad
- Provincial Reference Fertilizer Testing Laboratory, Raiwind Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Farheen Nazli
- Institute of Agroindustry and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Walid Soufan
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Almutairi
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman El Sabagh
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kafrelsheikh, Kafr el-Sheikh, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wei Z, Zhou N, Zou L, Shi Z, Dun B, Ren G, Yao Y. Soy Protein Alleviates Malnutrition in Weaning Rats by Regulating Gut Microbiota Composition and Serum Metabolites. Front Nutr 2021; 8:774203. [PMID: 34926551 PMCID: PMC8678609 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.774203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary intervention with plant protein is one of the main methods that is used to lessen the symptoms of malnutrition. Supplementary soy protein to undernourished weaning rats for 6 weeks significantly increased their body weight gain. After the intervention, the level of total short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) was restored to 1,512.7 μg/g, while the level was only 637.1 μg/g in the 7% protein group. The amino acids (valine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan) increased in the colon, and vitamin B6 metabolism was significantly influenced in undernourished rats. The tryptophan and glycine-serine-threonine pathways were elevated, leading to an increase in the level of tryptophan and 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) in the serum. In addition, the relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group and Lactobacillus increased, while Enterococcus and Streptococcus decreased compared to undernourished rats. Overall, soy protein improved the growth of rats with malnutrition in early life by regulating gut microbiota and metabolites in the colon and serum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zuchen Wei
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China.,Laboratory for Green Cultivation and Deep Processing of Three Gorges Reservoir Area's Medicinal Herbs, College of Life Science and Engineering, The Chongqing Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, China
| | - Nong Zhou
- Laboratory for Green Cultivation and Deep Processing of Three Gorges Reservoir Area's Medicinal Herbs, College of Life Science and Engineering, The Chongqing Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liang Zou
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenxing Shi
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Baoqing Dun
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Guixing Ren
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yao
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mehta O, Inbaraj LR, Astbury S, Grove JI, Norman G, Aithal GP, Valdes AM, Vijay A. Gut Microbial Profile Is Associated With Residential Settings and Not Nutritional Status in Adults in Karnataka, India. Front Nutr 2021; 8:595756. [PMID: 33708787 PMCID: PMC7940358 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.595756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Undernutrition is a leading contributor to disease and disability in people of all ages. Several studies have reported significant association between nutritional status and gut microbiome composition but other factors such as demographic settings may also influence the adult microbiome. The relationship between undernourishment and gut microbiome in adults has not been described to date. In this study, we compared the gut microbiome in fecal samples of 48 individuals, from two demographic settings (rural and urban slum) in Karnataka, India using 16S rRNA sequencing. Nutritional status was assessed based on BMI, with a BMI of < 18.5 kg/m2 classified as undernourished, and a BMI in the range 18.5–25 kg/m2 as nourished. We analyzed 25 individuals from rural settings (12 undernourished and 13 nourished) and 23 individuals from urban slum settings (11 undernourished and 12 nourished). We found no significant difference in overall gut microbial diversity (Shannon and Unweighted UniFrac) between undernourished and nourished individuals in either geographical settings, however, microbial taxa at the phylum level (i.e., Firmicutes and Proteobacteria) and beta diversity (unweighted UniFrac) differed significantly between the rural and urban slum settings. By predicting microbial function from 16S data profiling we found significant differences in metabolic pathways present in the gut microbiota from people residing in different settings; specifically, those related to carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. The weighted sum of the KEGG Orthologs associated with carbohydrate metabolism (Spearman's correlation coefficient, ρ = −0.707, p < 0.001), lipid metabolism (Spearman's correlation coefficient, ρ = −0.330, p < 0.022) and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites (Spearman's correlation coefficient, ρ = −0.507, p < 0.001) were decreased in the urban slum group compared to the rural group. In conclusion, we report that the geographical location of residence is associated with differences in gut microbiome composition in adults. We found no significant differences in microbiome composition between nourished and undernourished adults from urban slum or rural settings in India.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ojasvi Mehta
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Center, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Center, Nottingham University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Trust and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Stuart Astbury
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Center, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Center, Nottingham University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Trust and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jane I Grove
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Center, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Center, Nottingham University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Trust and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gift Norman
- Department of Community Health, Bangalore Baptist Hospital, Bangalore, India
| | - Guruprasad P Aithal
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Center, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Center, Nottingham University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Trust and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ana M Valdes
- National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Center, Nottingham University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Trust and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Division of Rheumatology, Orthopedics and Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Amrita Vijay
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Center, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Center, Nottingham University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Trust and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Division of Rheumatology, Orthopedics and Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Folayan MO, Oginni AB, El Tantawi M, Alade M, Adeniyi AA, Finlayson TL. Association between nutritional status and early childhood caries risk profile in a suburban Nigeria community. Int J Paediatr Dent 2020; 30:798-804. [PMID: 32243034 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malnutrition is associated with oral health problems. AIM To determine the association between malnutrition (undernourished and over-nourished) and early childhood caries (ECC) in a suburban population in Nigeria. DESIGN Data were extracted from a database of a household survey of 1549 under 6-year-old children. Explanatory variables were nutritional status (normal, undernourished [wasted, stunted and underweight], or over-nourished). The outcome measure was the prevalence of ECC. Children's sociodemographic characteristics (socio-economic status, sex, age) and caries-risk variables (frequency of sugar consumption in-between-meals, oral hygiene status) were the confounders. Association between ECC and malnutrition was determined using the Poisson regression analysis. Statistical significance was set at P ≤ .05. RESULTS About one-third (31.4%) of children had expected height/weight for age; 848 (54.7%) were undernourished; and 215 (13.9%) were over-nourished. Nutritional status was not significantly associated with the prevalence of ECC. Children who consumed sugar in-between-meals three or more times a day were twice as likely to have ECC as were those who consumed sugar less often in-between-meals (APR: 2.23; 95% CI: 1.30-3.81; P = .003). Children 3-5 years old were more likely to have ECC than were those 0-2 years old (APR: 2.40; 95% CI: 1.10-5.22; P = .03). CONCLUSIONS ECC was not associated with undernourished and over-nourished in a suburban population in Nigeria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maha El Tantawi
- Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Micheal Alade
- Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Nigeria
| | - Abiola A Adeniyi
- Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals' Complex, Ife, Nigeria
| | - Tracy L Finlayson
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mandlik RM, Mughal ZM, Khadilkar AV, Ekbote VH, Kajale NA, Patwardhan VG, Khadilkar VV, Padidela R. Paradoxical Response of Parathyroid Hormone to Vitamin D-Calcium Supplementation in Indian Children. J Pediatr 2020; 216:197-203. [PMID: 31704050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2019.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of oral vitamin D-calcium supplementation on serum intact parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium, phosphorous, and alkaline phosphatase (ALK-P) concentrations in children with habitually low calcium intakes. STUDY DESIGN In this follow-up study to a randomized controlled trial that aimed to assess the effect of vitamin D-calcium supplementation on immunity, data related to dietary intake, anthropometry, and biochemistry [serum 25(OH)D and bone profile] were collected from 178 children-79 in the vitamin D group and 99 in the non-vitamin D group. RESULTS Dietary calcium to phosphorus intake ratio was 0.4:1. Baseline serum 25(OH)D concentration was 58.2 ± 10.9 nmol/L; 66% children were vitamin D sufficient and none deficient. After supplementation, vitamin D group, compared with the non-vitamin D group, had significantly (P < .05) greater 25(OH)D (83.9 ± 30.1 nmol/L vs 58.3 ± 15.7 nmol/L), significantly greater PTH (6.7 ± 3.6 pmol/L vs 5.5 ± 3.2 pmol/L), and positive correlation (rs = 0.24) between serum 25(OH)D and PTH (vs negative correlation [rs = -0.1] in non-vitamin D group). Mean concentrations of serum bone measures in the vitamin D group were calcium (2.2 ± 0.1 mmol/L), phosphorus (1.7 ± 0.2 mmol/L), and ALK-P (178.7 ± 40.7 IU/L). At follow-up, 1-year post-supplementation, in the vitamin D group, PTH concentrations continued to remain high (but not significantly different from levels at 6 months), with low normal serum calcium, high normal phosphate, and ALK-P in reference range. CONCLUSIONS In children who are vitamin D sufficient but with habitually low dietary calcium intake, vitamin D-calcium supplementation paradoxically and significantly increased serum PTH concentrations with no apparent effect on other bone biochemistry. Chronic low dietary calcium to phosphorus ratio is likely to have caused this paradoxical response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rubina M Mandlik
- Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Jehangir Hospital, Maharashtra, India; Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Maharashtra, India
| | - Zulf M Mughal
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolic Bone Diseases, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, UK; Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Anuradha V Khadilkar
- Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Jehangir Hospital, Maharashtra, India; Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Veena H Ekbote
- Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Jehangir Hospital, Maharashtra, India
| | - Neha A Kajale
- Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Jehangir Hospital, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vivek G Patwardhan
- Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Jehangir Hospital, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vaman V Khadilkar
- Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Jehangir Hospital, Maharashtra, India
| | - Raja Padidela
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolic Bone Diseases, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, UK; Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Méndez-Salazar EO, Ortiz-López MG, Granados-Silvestre MDLÁ, Palacios-González B, Menjivar M. Corrigendum: Altered Gut Microbiota and Compositional Changes in Firmicutes and Proteobacteria in Mexican Undernourished and Obese Children. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2693. [PMID: 30515137 PMCID: PMC6251365 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eder Orlando Méndez-Salazar
- Unidad de Genómica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Facultad de Química UNAM-INMEGEN, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, México City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Berenice Palacios-González
- Unidad de Vinculación Científica de la Facultad de Medicina UNAM-INMEGEN, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, México City, Mexico
| | - Marta Menjivar
- Unidad de Genómica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Facultad de Química UNAM-INMEGEN, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, México City, Mexico.,Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Méndez-Salazar EO, Ortiz-López MG, Granados-Silvestre MDLÁ, Palacios-González B, Menjivar M. Altered Gut Microbiota and Compositional Changes in Firmicutes and Proteobacteria in Mexican Undernourished and Obese Children. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2494. [PMID: 30386323 PMCID: PMC6198253 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mexico is experiencing an epidemiological and nutritional transition period, and Mexican children are often affected by the double burden of malnutrition, which includes undernutrition (13.6% of children) and obesity (15.3%). The gut microbiome is a complex and metabolically active community of organisms that influences the host phenotype. Although previous studies have shown alterations in the gut microbiota in undernourished children, the affected bacterial communities remain unknown. The present study investigated and compared the bacterial richness and diversity of the fecal microbiota in groups of undernourished (n = 12), obese (n = 12), and normalweight (control) (n = 12) Mexican school-age children. We used next-generation sequencing to analyze the V3–V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene, and we also investigated whether there were correlations between diet and relevant bacteria. The undernourished and obese groups showed lower bacterial richness and diversity than the normalweight group. Enterotype 1 correlated positively with dietary fat intake in the obese group and with carbohydrate intake in the undernourished group. The results showed that undernourished children had significantly higher levels of bacteria in the Firmicutes phylum and in the Lachnospiraceae family than obese children, while the Proteobacteria phylum was overrepresented in the obese group. The level of Lachnospiraceae correlated negatively with energy consumption and positively with leptin level. This is the first study to examine the gut microbial community structure in undernourished and obese Mexican children living in low-income neighborhoods. Our analysis revealed distinct taxonomic profiles for undernourished and obese children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eder Orlando Méndez-Salazar
- Unidad de Genómica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México - Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Berenice Palacios-González
- Unidad de Vinculación Científica de la Facultad de Medicina UNAM-INMEGEN, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marta Menjivar
- Unidad de Genómica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México - Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico.,Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Maternal education and attitudes and practices can significantly be associated with the child's nutritional outcomes. Our goal was to find out patterns among mothers and children in the context of beliefs, knowledge and cultural practices of Iranian mothers. This research provides primary descriptive statistical data. To administer the interviews, five hospitals in Tehran, Iran (operating in mother and child medical services) were selected. 190 mothers and their children were selected for the study. Forty seven mothers (24.7%) were giving cow milk, while 92 (48.4 %) were giving powdered milk and milk itself 49 remaining (25.8%) gave a mixture of breast and cow milk to their children below one year. The anthropometric results in majority of the children fell under Grade-I and Grade-II undernourished category, and that the prevalence of under-nutrition was more obvious in lower age group children. A majority of the children were undernourished. Poor quality and inadequacy of food intake, economy below subsistence level and poor income, and seasonal food shortage were known to cause under-nutrition. Numerous factors, such as social, economic, regional, ethnical, religious, and superstition affect the mother and child.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Noughani
- a Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Islamic Republic of Iran
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Vyas S, Kandpal SD, Semwal J, Chauhan S, Nautiyal V. Trends in Weaning Practices among Infants and Toddlers in a Hilly Terrain of a Newly Formed State of India. Int J Prev Med 2014; 5:741-8. [PMID: 25013694 PMCID: PMC4085927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Weaning plays a major role in determining the nutritional status of a child. Poor weaning practices during infancy and early childhood, resulting in malnutrition, contribute to impairment of cognitive and social development, poor school performance and reduced productivity in later life. The objective of this study is to know weaning practices of mothers of difficult terrain. METHODS Cross-sectional study was conducted in all villages under Rural Health Training Center, the field practice area of Department of Community Medicine. A total of 500 mothers with children within 3 years of age were included in the study. Pre-tested pre-designed semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect information on weaning practices. RESULTS Majority of children (51.57%) were weaned at >6 months and were observed to be more under nourished (79.34%) as compared with those between 4 months and 6 months (61.50%). Majority of boys were weaned earlier than girls irrespective of the age of the weaning. Malnutrition was found in majority of those children who were weaned inadequately in terms of both frequency and amount. CONCLUSIONS The present study revealed suboptimal weaning practices among the mothers of hilly region. Thus, appropriate educational strategies should be directed particularly on counteracting various myths related to infant feeding Moreover, promotion of appropriate feeding should target not only on maternal caregivers, but also on other family members, particularly husbands and grandmothers, taking into account the social and cultural situation of the area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaili Vyas
- Department of Community Medicine, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, SRHU Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India,Correspondence to: Dr. Shaili Vyas, C-1/1, HIMS Campus, SRHU, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India. E-mail:
| | - S. D. Kandpal
- Department of Community Medicine, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, SRHU Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Jayanti Semwal
- Department of Community Medicine, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, SRHU Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sandhya Chauhan
- Department of Paediatrics, SRMSIMS, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vipul Nautiyal
- Department of Radiotherapy, CRI, Institute of Medical Sciences, SRHU, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| |
Collapse
|