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Rossi GN, Salgado PA, Squassi AF. Effectiveness of different toothbrushing patterns among schoolchildren in an urban area of Argentina. Int J Dent Hyg 2024. [PMID: 38590271 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
AIM To identify toothbrushing patterns among schoolchildren with no prior dental hygiene training and associate them with effectiveness for eliminating dental biofilm. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eight calibrated dentists assessed dental biofilm, toothbrushing procedure and dental status and registered: grip, bristle angle with respect to tooth, type of movement, surfaces brushed, simultaneous brushing of both jaws, including all six sextants and duration of brushing dental biofilm before and after brushing was determined in 944 children. Frequency distribution was calculated for nominal variables and central tendency and dispersion for quantitative variables of the toothbrushing procedure. Effectiveness was evaluated in 236 children by calculating differences between biofilm levels before and after brushing using Student's test. A cutoff value was established for the difference in reductions in biofilm levels by means of an ROC curve. RESULTS The variables including all 6 sextants and bristle angle showed positive association with biofilm reduction. The cutoff point for biofilm reduction for including all 6 sextants was 66.85% (OR 6.4 [3.6-11.38]). The cutoff value for biofilm reduction for bristle angle was 68.35% (OR 3.2 [1.83-5.8]). CONCLUSION The variables associated with biofilm reduction can be used to optimize the modality of future educational interventions in schoolchildren.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenda N Rossi
- Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Odontología Preventiva y Comunitaria, Instituto de Investigaciones en Salud Pública, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo A Salgado
- Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Odontología Preventiva y Comunitaria, Instituto de Investigaciones en Salud Pública, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Aldo F Squassi
- Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Odontología Preventiva y Comunitaria, Instituto de Investigaciones en Salud Pública, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Shitu K, Alemayehu M, Berassa SH. Oral hygiene behaviour and its determinants among preparatory school students in Gondar city, Northwest Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study. Int J Dent Hyg 2024; 22:177-186. [PMID: 36627237 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate oral hygiene behaviour and its determinants among preparatory school students in Gondar city, Northwest Ethiopia. METHODS Institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 423 students to evaluate their oral hygiene behaviour and determinant factors (sociodemographic attributes, oral hygiene knowledge, and attitude to oral hygiene behaviours). Linear regression was employed to identify factors associated with oral hygiene behaviour. A p-value of <0.05 and a 95% confidence interval were used to declare statistical significance. RESULTS A total of 407 students participated with a response rate of 96.2%. The mean age of the participants was 18 (SD ±1.3). The mean oral hygiene behaviour (OHB) score was about 7.89 ± 3.43. Only 9.2%, 21.4%, and 5.7% were brushing their teeth at least twice a day, cleaning their tongue, and flossing at least once a day respectively. Father's educational status (able to read and write (β = 1.99, 95% CI: 0.62, 3.38), completed secondary school (β = 1.68, 95% CI: 0.18, 3.18), and diploma and higher (β = 1.75, 95% CI: 0.33, 3.18)), being from private school (β = 3.25, 95%CI: 2.30, 4.19), knowledge about OHB (β = 0.16, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.30), and attitude towards OHB (β = 0.11, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.14) were significant factors positively associated with better oral hygiene behaviour. CONCLUSION Oral hygiene behaviour was poor among preparatory school students in Gondar city. Father's educational status, students' oral hygiene knowledge, and attitude were found to be significant factors affecting students' oral hygiene behaviour. Thus, tailored school-based oral health communication programs are highly required to improve students' oral hygiene behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kegnie Shitu
- Department of Health Promotion and Health Behavior, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Mekuriaw Alemayehu
- Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Babaei A, Pakdaman A, Shamshiri AR, Khazaei P, Hessari H. One-year oral health outcome of a community-based trial in schoolchildren aged 6-7 years old in Tehran, Iran. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284366. [PMID: 37083658 PMCID: PMC10120929 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Promoting schoolchildren's oral health is important, particularly in developing countries. This study was conducted to monitor the oral health of schoolchildren aged 6-7 years old following the implementation of an oral health promotion program in Tehran, Iran. The protocol was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (Code: IRCT20090307001749N4). A cluster random sampling method was applied, and the schools were randomly allocated to intervention and control groups. An intervention package consisting of a one-day workshop for parents and supervised toothbrushing for children was employed. In both groups, the Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment (CAST) and Oral Hygiene Index Simplified (OHI-S) were evaluated at baseline and at one-year follow-up in addition to the questionnaire data. Clinical data were collected by calibrated examiners at both intervals (Kappa = 89.8%, 87.68%) and analyzed using the SPSS software ver. 22.0. Of 739 children included at baseline, 593 were re-examined after one year (response rate = 74%). According to the Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) analysis, considering the confounding effect of time, significantly more children in the control group had deciduous molars with a score of 3 and higher compared to the intervention group (OR = 1.79; 95% CI:1.17-2.73, p = 0.007). The oral hygiene status of the children significantly improved in the intervention group compared to the controls (B = -0.27; 95% CI: -0.45 --0.08, p = 0.005). After one year, the improvement in the oral health-related attitude of parents and children's oral health behavior was marginally significant in the intervention group compared to the control group [0.2 (0.17) vs. -0.13 (0.05), p = 0.096] and [0.06 (0.06) vs. -0.05 (0.04), p = 0.09], respectively. However, the impact on the oral health-related knowledge and self-reported behavior of the parents was not significant. In the intervention group, children had less caries and a better oral hygiene status compared to the controls after one year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Babaei
- Community Oral Health Department, School of Dentistry, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Pakdaman
- Research Centre for Caries Prevention, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Community Oral Health Department, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Shamshiri
- Research Centre for Caries Prevention, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Community Oral Health Department, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pegah Khazaei
- Community Oral Health Department, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Hessari
- Research Centre for Caries Prevention, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Community Oral Health Department, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Rajeh MT. Modeling the theory of planned behavior to predict adults' intentions to improve oral health behaviors. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1391. [PMID: 35858885 PMCID: PMC9297589 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13796-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The present study aimed to apply the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to identify predictors of adults’ intentions to improve oral health behaviors. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,328 adults living in the Jeddah city, Saudi Arabia. A 64-item questionnaire that evaluated behavioral intention, oral health knowledge (OHK) and TPB constructs (attitudes, perceived behavioral control, and subjective norms) was distributed. Descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used to describe the data and examine the associations among the variables. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Results The analysis revealed that the TPB model explained 72% of the variance in oral health behavioral intentions (OHBI), indicating a good model fit. The TPB constructs of attitudes (β = 0.299), subjective norms (β = 0.035), and perceived behavioral control (β = 0.144) were significant predictors of OHBI, whereas OHK was not. Attitude was the strongest predictor of intentions to improve oral health behaviors. Conclusions The findings suggest that this model could be a helpful framework for designing oral health promotion and intervention programs. Such programs should focus on changing adults’ attitudes, positive influences from close relationships, and improving self-efficacy of OHB to improve their oral health behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Talal Rajeh
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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Chandio N, Micheal S, Tadakmadla SK, Sohn W, Cartwright S, White R, Sanagavarapu P, Parmar JS, Arora A. Barriers and enablers in the implementation and sustainability of toothbrushing programs in early childhood settings and primary schools: a systematic review. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:242. [PMID: 35717199 PMCID: PMC9206278 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02270-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Untreated dental caries negatively impacts a child's quality of life including overall health and wellbeing, growth and development, social interaction ability, and school attendance. School-based toothbrushing programs have been recognised as an effective intervention to reduce the burden of dental caries. However, limited information is available to understand the real-world enablers and challenges in the implementation and sustainability of toothbrushing programs. This review aims to understand the barriers and enablers in the implementation and sustainability of toothbrushing programs in early childhood settings and primary schools.
Methods Five electronic databases [i.e., CINAHL (EBSCO), Medline (EBSCO), EMBASE (Ovid), Web of Science, and PsycINFO] and backward citation chasing were performed. The last updated databases searches were conducted in May 2022. Studies reporting on barriers and enablers in the implementation and sustainability of toothbrushing programs in early childhood settings or primary schools were included in the review. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed by using Joanna Briggs Institute [JBI] and mixed methods appraisal tool [MMAT] critical appraisal tools and results were reported in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Results A total of six studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the review. Toothbrushing programs in early childhood settings and primary schools were mostly implemented under the supervision of staff and teachers. A positive attitude of the staff, the flexibility of toothbrushing sessions, involvement of community volunteers and parents were a few of the identified enablers. However, the timing of the communication of the program, inadequate transfer of information among staff, frequent staffing turnover, lack of parental support, and staff feeling overburdened while acting as pseudo parents were frequently reported as barriers. Conclusion The results of this systematic review identify key enablers and barriers for toothbrushing programs in early childhood settings and primary schools which need to be considered for developing oral health promotion initiatives. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12903-022-02270-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navira Chandio
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia.,Health Equity Laboratory, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia.,School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia.,Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Sowbhagya Micheal
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Santosh Kumar Tadakmadla
- Department of Rural Clinical Sciences, Violet Vines Centre for Rural Health Research, La Trobe Rural Health School, Bendigo, VIC, 3550, Australia
| | - Woosung Sohn
- Sydney Dental School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Surry Hills, 2010, Australia
| | - Susan Cartwright
- Colgate-Palmolive Pty Ltd., 345 George St., Sydney, 2001, Australia
| | - Rhiannon White
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Prathyusha Sanagavarapu
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia.,School of Education, Western Sydney University, Bankstown Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Jinal Shashin Parmar
- Health Equity Laboratory, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia.,School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Amit Arora
- Health Equity Laboratory, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia. .,School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia. .,Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia. .,Oral Health Services, Sydney Local Health District and Sydney Dental Hospital, NSW Health, Surry Hills, NSW, 2010, Australia. .,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia.
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Mamat N, Mani SA, Danaee M. T-shaped toothbrush for plaque removal and gingival health in children: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:113. [PMID: 35392881 PMCID: PMC8991571 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02137-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To evaluate an experimental T-shaped toothbrush for plaque removal and gingival health when compared to a conventional toothbrush among children. Methods This single blind parallel randomized controlled trial was conducted on 8–10-year-old healthy schoolchildren with no history of recent antibiotic intake, proximal caries or more than 3 missing teeth per quadrant. A computer-generated randomization list allocated child to the 2 groups. Each child received detailed instructions for tooth brushing. Gingival health and plaque scores were recorded in school at baseline, 2 weeks, 1 month and 3 months in a portable dental chair by an examiner who was blind to the allocated toothbrush. A general feedback on the use of the T-shaped toothbrush was obtained at 3 months. Data was analyzed using two-way repeated measure ANOVA, Generalized estimating equation and Bonferroni test. Results A total of 195 eligible children were invited, 110 parents gave consent and 100 children completed the study; 50 in each group. There were statistically significant reductions in mean gingival and plaque scores at each visit when compared to baseline for both toothbrushes (p < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between scores for the two toothbrushes at each visit (p > 0.05). Majority of participants gave positive feedback regarding the T-shaped toothbrush. Conclusions Both toothbrushes had similar efficacy in removing plaque and improving gingival health among children. The T-shaped toothbrush is an alternative to the conventional toothbrush for oral hygiene in children. Trial registration Retrospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov Registry—NCT03989479 18/06/2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noraida Mamat
- Unit of Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.,Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shani Ann Mani
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Mahmoud Danaee
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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The Effect of Parental Education and Socioeconomic Status on Dental Caries among Saudi Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182211862. [PMID: 34831618 PMCID: PMC8619270 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182211862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Parental attitudes toward the importance of oral hygiene have an impact on the formation of their children’s oral habits and the prevalence of oral diseases. Our aim was to assess the association between parents’ education and socioeconomic status and their children’s oral health. A cross-sectional study was conducted between the years of 2018 and 2020 in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia among primary school children. Two pre-calibrated dentists performed the clinical examination of the children, and a self-administered validated questionnaire was obtained from their parents. Clinical examination was performed on 589 children with an age range of 3 to 14 years, where 47% were males and 53% were females, 70% with dental caries. Both parents with higher education and a high monthly income were significantly associated with lower prevalence of decayed teeth in their children, respectively. Mother’s education, age, gender and application of sealant were found significantly associated with the high prevalence of caries. High prevalence of tooth decay was reported among school children in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia. A high educational level of parents and high income were correlated with a lower prevalence of decayed teeth, similarly to the situation in the case of presence of medical insurance.
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Du S, Zhang C, Wang W, Liu J, Yuan C, Yu Y, Chang Q, Zhang S, Si Y. The economic benefits of increased sugar-free chewing gum in China: a budget impact analysis. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:436. [PMID: 34493249 PMCID: PMC8424996 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01786-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To analyze the potential cost savings in dental care associated with increased sugar-free gum (SFG) use among Chinese teenagers and adults. Methods The amount of SFG chewed per year and decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) was collected from a cross-sectional survey to create a dose–response curve assumption. A cost analysis of dental restoration costs was carried out. A budget impact analysis was performed to model the decrease in DMFT and the subsequent cost savings for dental care. Three different scenarios for the increase in the number of SFG were calculated. Results The average cost savings per person in the Chinese population due to increasing SFG use ranged from 45.95 RMB (6.94 USD) per year to 67.41 RMB (10.19 USD) per year. It was estimated that 21.51–31.55 billion RMB (3.25–4.77 billion USD) could be saved annually if all SFG chewers among Chinese teenagers and adults chewed SFG regularly. Conclusion This study suggests that dental care costs could be significantly reduced if SFG use increased in the Chinese population. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12903-021-01786-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Du
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Digital Dentistry of Ministry of Health, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chunzi Zhang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Digital Dentistry of Ministry of Health, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wenhui Wang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Digital Dentistry of Ministry of Health, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Digital Dentistry of Ministry of Health, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chao Yuan
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Digital Dentistry of Ministry of Health, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yizhen Yu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Digital Dentistry of Ministry of Health, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qing Chang
- Department of Second Clinical Division, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Digital Dentistry of Ministry of Health, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Digital Dentistry of Ministry of Health, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Yan Si
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Digital Dentistry of Ministry of Health, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Natapov L, Dekel D, Pikovsky V, Zusman SP. Dental health of preschool children after two-years of a supervised tooth brushing program in Southern Israel. Isr J Health Policy Res 2021; 10:42. [PMID: 34294158 PMCID: PMC8296643 DOI: 10.1186/s13584-021-00479-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Supervised tooth brushing is an important part of leading national oral health improvement programs in different countries. With the cessation of water fluoridation in 2014, a new program was immediately required to provide community-based caries prevention, especially amongst young children. The aim of this study was to determine whether a supervised tooth brushing program (STBP) in kindergartens could reduce dental caries amongst preschool children, when compared with children from the same community who did not participate in the program. The study was performed 2 years after the start of the program. Methods Two Jewish and two Arab local authorities (one participating and one control) were randomly chosen. In each local authority, 4 kindergartens (children aged 5) were randomly chosen, giving a total of 16 kindergartens. Children in the intervention group brushed once daily at kindergartens, with fluoridated toothpaste, for two school- years. All the children were examined using the WHO Oral Health Survey Methods Ed.4. Results Two hundred eighty-three five-year-old children were examined, 157 of them Jewish (86 participants in STBP, 71 non-participants) and 126 Arab (59 vs 67 respectively). Among Jewish children, the fraction of untreated decayed teeth was 61% in the participant group and 65% for non-participants, and amongst the Arab children 69% vs. 90% respectively. The fraction of treated decayed teeth for the participant group was 37% compared to 29% for the non-participants among Jewish children, whilst for the Bedouin group it was 23% vs. 8% respectively. Conclusions After 2 years, supervised tooth brushing with fluoride toothpaste shows a favorable effect. This study suggests that dental health of children participating in STBP was better than the control group. Fewer carious teeth and more treated carious lesions were recorded in this group. This program can be applied to low SES communities nationwide. Guidelines for fluoride concentration in toothpaste for children should be re-considered based on high caries levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Natapov
- Dental Health Division, Ministry of Health, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dan Dekel
- Dental Health Division, Ministry of Health, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Vadim Pikovsky
- Ashkelon Regional Health Office, Ministry of Health, Ashkelon, Israel
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Carvalho Silva C, Gavinha S, Vilela S, Rodrigues R, Manso MC, Severo M, Lopes C, Melo P. Dietary Patterns and Oral Health Behaviours Associated with Caries Development from 4 to 7 Years of Age. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11070609. [PMID: 34202656 PMCID: PMC8305377 DOI: 10.3390/life11070609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between modifiable risk factors and caries in children has been documented; however, most studies have been cross-sectional and have not considered the complexity of dietary factors and oral health habits. This study aimed to investigate the prospective association between dietary patterns and oral health behaviours at 4 years of age and the development of new decayed, missing, and filled teeth (d3–6mft/D3–6MFT) over a period of three years. Participants were children from the Generation XXI population-based birth cohort. At 4 years of age, diet patterns were assessed using a food frequency questionnaire, with three dietary patterns being identified. For the purpose of capturing the new development of caries between 4 and 7 years of age, two dental outcomes were defined in the mixed dentition: “dental caries development” and “severe dental caries development” in the mixed dentition. Bivariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were used. From 4 to 7 years of age, 51.2% of the children had at least one new d3–6mft/D3–6MFT and 27.4% had more than two new d3–6mft/D3–6MFT. Children belonging to the “energy-dense foods” (OR = 2.19; 95% CI: 1.20–4.00) and “snacking” (OR = 2.19; 95% CI: 1.41–3.41) dietary patterns at 4 years old were associated with severe dental caries development three years later. Preventive strategies should be implemented in an attempt to reduce snacking and the consumption of energy-dense, micronutrient-poor foods to promote children’s oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Carvalho Silva
- Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade do Porto (U. Porto), Rua Dr. Manuel Pereira da Silva, 93, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal;
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Praça 9 de Abril, 349, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal; (S.G.); (R.R.); (M.C.M.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +351-220901100
| | - Sandra Gavinha
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Praça 9 de Abril, 349, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal; (S.G.); (R.R.); (M.C.M.)
| | - Sofia Vilela
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; (S.V.); (M.S.); (C.L.)
| | - Rita Rodrigues
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Praça 9 de Abril, 349, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal; (S.G.); (R.R.); (M.C.M.)
| | - Maria Conceição Manso
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Praça 9 de Abril, 349, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal; (S.G.); (R.R.); (M.C.M.)
- Environmental and Health Research Unit (FP-ENAS), Universidade Fernando Pessoa Energy, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV/REQUIMTE), Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Milton Severo
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; (S.V.); (M.S.); (C.L.)
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Lopes
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; (S.V.); (M.S.); (C.L.)
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo Melo
- Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade do Porto (U. Porto), Rua Dr. Manuel Pereira da Silva, 93, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal;
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; (S.V.); (M.S.); (C.L.)
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Gudipaneni RK, Patil SR, Assiry AA, Karobari MI, Bandela V, Metta KK, Almuhanna R. Association of oral hygiene practices with the outcome of untreated dental caries and its clinical consequences in pre- and primary school children: A cross-sectional study in a northern province of Saudi Arabia. Clin Exp Dent Res 2021; 7:968-977. [PMID: 34080323 PMCID: PMC8638273 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To assess the association amongst oral hygiene practices, untreated dental caries (UDC) and clinical consequences of UDC in pre‐ and primary school children aged 3–5 and 6–7 years. Materials and methods A total of 250 subjects were recruited. The demographic and oral hygiene data were collected using a closed‐ended questionnaire. The UDC was measured using the ‘d/D' component of the decayed, missing, filled teeth (dmft/DMFT) index, and its clinical consequences were recorded using the ‘p/P' component of the pulpal involvement, ulceration, fistula and abscess (pufa/PUFA) index. The data were analyzed by multiple logistic regression. Results Overall, 94.2% and 56.5% of the participants had one or more UDC and pulp involvement (p ≥ 1), respectively in 3–5‐year‐old age group. In the 6‐7‐year‐ age group the prevalence of UDC was 26.7% and the pulp involvement was 11.6%. Children who brushed with their fingers were 4.7 times more likely to have UDC (crude odds ratio [COR] = 4.71; 95% CI: 1.21–18.40). Twice‐daily brushing resulted in a 39% (p = 0.732) lower likelihood of having UDC compared with once‐daily brushing (COR = 0.61; 95% CI: 0.04, 10.09). Children with irregular brushing frequency were 3.2 times more likely to have pulpal involvement (COR = 3.21; 95% CI: 1.74–5.93). Conclusion Finger brushing, irregular frequency of brushing and lack of parental supervision whilst brushing were associated with UDC and its consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kumar Gudipaneni
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Pediatric Dentistry Division, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Santosh R Patil
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, New Horizon Dental College and Research Institute, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Ali A Assiry
- Preventive Dental Science Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohmed Isaqali Karobari
- Conservative Dentistry Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Vinod Bandela
- Fixed Division, Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kiran Kumar Metta
- Department of Conservative Dental Sciences, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Martignon S, Roncalli AG, Alvarez E, Aránguiz V, Feldens CA, Buzalaf MAR. Risk factors for dental caries in Latin American and Caribbean countries. Braz Oral Res 2021; 35:e053. [PMID: 34076077 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2021.vol35.0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying the risk factors for dental caries is vital in epidemiology and clinical practices for developing effective preventive strategies, both, at the individual and collective levels. Different causality/determination models have been proposed to understand the development process of dental caries. In the present review, we designed a model inspired by the world-known social determinants models proposed in the 90s and more recently in the 10s, wherein the contextual factors are placed more externally and encompass the individual factors. The contextual factors included those related to the cultural and societal values, as well as the social and health government policies. The individual factors were classified into the following categories: socioeconomic (social class, occupation, income, and education level), demographic characteristics (age, sex, and ethnicity), behavioral factors (non-use of fluoride dentifrice, sugar consumption, poor oral hygiene, and lack of preventive dental care), and biological factors (recent caries experience/active caries lesions, biofilm retentive factors, developmental defects of the enamel, disabilities, saliva amount and quality, cariogenic biofilm). Each of these variables was addressed, while focusing on the current evidence from studies conducted in Latin American and Caribbean countries (LACC). Based on the proposed model, educational aspects were addressed, and individual caries risk assessment and management decisions were proposed; further, implications for public health policies and clinical practice were described. The identification of modifiable risk factors for dental caries should be the basis for multi-strategy actions that consider the diversity of Latin American communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Martignon
- Universidad El Bosque, Caries Research Unit, Research Department, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Evelyn Alvarez
- Universidad Científica del Sur, School of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Lima, Perú
| | - Vicente Aránguiz
- Universidad de los Andes, Faculty of Dentistry, Cariology Unit, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Alberto Feldens
- Universidade Luterana do Brasil, School of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Canoas, RS, Brazil
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Nasseripour M, Newton JT, Warburton F, Awojobi O, Di Giorgio S, Gallagher JE, Banerjee A. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the role of sugar-free chewing gum on Streptococcus mutans. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:217. [PMID: 33926448 PMCID: PMC8082871 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01517-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Preventive strategies targeting Streptococcus mutans may be effective in reducing the global burden of caries. The aim of the current systematic review of published literature was to determine the difference in level of Streptococcus mutans in adults and children who chew sugar-free gum (SFG), compared with those who did not chew gum, who chewed a control gum or received alternatives such as probiotics or fluoride varnish.
Methods Systematic review (PROSPERO registration No. CRD42018094676) of controlled trials with adult and child participants where chewing of SFG was the main intervention. Databases searched (1 Jan 1946 to 31 August 2020): MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science, Allied and Complimentary Medicine Database, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Open Grey, PROSPERO and the Cochrane library of systematic reviews. ‘Search terms included Medical Subject Headings, and free text to cover the following range of constructs: chewing gum, sugar free, oral health, caries, xerostomia, periodontal disease. Data extraction and Risk of Bias assessment was undertaken by three researchers using a modified version of the Cochrane RoB tool (version 1). Data synthesis was conducted using meta-analysis in STATA. Results Thirteen studies of SFG with micro-organisms as outcomes were identified. The use of SFG significantly reduced the load of Streptococcus mutans (effect size − 0.42; 95% CI − 0.60 to − 0.25) compared to all controls. In seven of the 13 studies the confidence intervals of the effect size estimate included zero, suggesting no effect of the intervention. Twelve trials used xylitol gum only as the basis of the intervention; xylitol gum significantly reduced the load of Streptococcus mutans (effect size − 0.46; 95% CI − 0.64 to − 0.28) in comparison to all controls. There was a moderate level of heterogeneity across the included studies. No adverse effects were recorded. Conclusion Chewing SFG reduces the load of Streptococcus mutans in the oral cavity in comparison to non-chewing controls. Considering the degree of variability in the effect and the moderate quality of the trials included, there is a need for future research exploring the use SFG as a preventive measure for reducing the cariogenic oral bacterial load. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12903-021-01517-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Nasseripour
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Floor 26, Guy's Dental Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
| | - Jonathon Timothy Newton
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Floor 26, Guy's Dental Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Fiona Warburton
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Floor 26, Guy's Dental Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Oluwatunmise Awojobi
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Floor 26, Guy's Dental Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Sonya Di Giorgio
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Floor 26, Guy's Dental Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Jennifer Elizabeth Gallagher
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Floor 26, Guy's Dental Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Avijit Banerjee
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Floor 26, Guy's Dental Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
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Determinants of intention to improve oral hygiene behavior among students based on the theory of planned behavior: A structural equation modelling analysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247069. [PMID: 33630853 PMCID: PMC7906382 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevalence of oral hygiene behaviors (OHB) is very low among school children in Ethiopia. However, the determinants of student's readiness/intention to perform those behaviors have been remained unstudied. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify the determinants of oral hygiene behavioral intention (OHBI) among preparatory school students based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB). METHODS AND MATERIALS An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 393 students. A 98-item self-administered questionnaire was used to evaluate oral hygiene knowledge (OHK), oral hygiene behavior (OHB), and OHBI based on TPB variables [attitude (ATT), subjective norms (SN) and perceived behavioral control (PBC)]. Descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling analysis (SEM) were employed to confirm relationships and associations among study variables. A p-value of less than 0.05 and a 95% confidence interval were used to declare statistical significance. RESULTS A total of 393 students were participated with a response rate of 97.5%. The mean age of the participants (54% females) was 18 (± 1.3) with an age range of 16 to 24. The TPB model was well fitted to the data and explained 66% of the variance in intention. ATT (β = 0.38; 95% CI, (0.21, 0.64)), SN (β = 0.33; 95% CI, (0.05, 0.83)) and PBC (β = 0.29; 95% CI, (0.13, 0.64)) were significant predictors of OHBI, where ATT was the strongest predictor of OHBI. CONCLUSION The TPB model explained a large variance in the intention of students to improve their OHB. All TPB variables were significantly and positively linked to stronger intent, as the theory suggests. Furthermore, these results suggest that the model could provide a framework for oral hygiene promotion interventions in the study area. Indeed, these interventions should focus on changing the attitudes of students towards OHB, creation of positive social pressure, and enabling students to control over OHB barriers.
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15
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Babaei A, Pakdaman A, Hessari H. Effect of an Oral Health Promotion Program Including Supervised Toothbrushing on 6 to 7-Year-Old School Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Dent 2021; 17:1-9. [PMID: 33615295 PMCID: PMC7883658 DOI: 10.18502/fid.v17i19.4313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The purpose was to evaluate the impact of an oral health promotion program including supervised toothbrushing and educational packages for parents on parent's knowledge and oral health status of 6- to 7-year-old schoolchildren. Materials and Methods A multi-stage cluster random sampling method was applied, and schools were allocated to intervention and control groups. After ethical clearance and baseline evaluation, an intervention package consisting of supervised toothbrushing at the school setting, an educational package for parents, and a home package containing toothbrush and fluoridated toothpaste (1000 parts-per-million) were delivered. A post-intervention evaluation was performed after one month on parents' oral health knowledge and oral hygiene of children using the Oral Hygiene Index Simplified (OHI-S). Schools were considered as a unit of randomization, and a generalized estimating equation (GEE) analysis was performed to apply the cluster effect. Descriptive and analytical analyses were performed using SPSS 22 software. Results Overall, 701 subjects were re-examined (response rate of 95%). At the one-month follow-up, being in the intervention group (P<0.001, B=-0.028, 95% confidence interval (CI)= -0.33, -0.23) and having higher socioeconomic status [P=0.01, B=-0.12, 95% CI=-0.22, -0.03) were significantly associated with improved oral hygiene status. In the post-test evaluation, parents' knowledge improvement score regarding oral health in the intervention group was not statistically different from that of the controls (0.51 vs. 0.23). However, the ΔOHI-S improved in the post-test evaluation (-0.27±0.02 vs. 0.02±0.02; P<0.001). Conclusion Children showed improved oral hygiene status, as measured by the OHI-S, after the program consisting of supervised toothbrushing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Babaei
- Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Pakdaman
- Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Caries Prevention, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Hessari
- Research Center for Caries Prevention, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Hesse D, Guglielmi CDAB, Raggio DP, Bönecker MJS, Mendes FM, Bonifácio CC. Atraumatic Restorative Treatment-Sealed versus Nonsealed First Permanent Molars: A 3-Year Split-Mouth Clinical Trial. Caries Res 2020; 55:12-20. [PMID: 33326970 DOI: 10.1159/000506466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the efficacy of atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) sealants vs. no sealant in preventing the development of dentine caries lesions in first permanent molars over a period of 3 years. A total of 187 schoolchildren (aged 6-8 years) from a low-income population presenting the 4 first permanent molars without clinically detectable dentine caries lesions were selected to be part of a split-mouth clinical trial. All 4 first permanent molars were investigated in this trial and the children's mouth was split vertically into left and right sides; therefore, 2 molars were randomly allocated to receive ART sealants, while the other 2 molars remained nonsealed. All children received toothbrushing instructions and dietary advice every 6 months for a period of 3 years. Clinical evaluations were performed after 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, and 36 months and both sealant retention and dental caries were scored. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, log-rank test, and Cox regression with shared frailty analysis were performed. A cavitated dentine caries lesion was considered a failure. The cumulative survival rates of dentine cavity-free first permanent molars were 90% for ART-sealed molars and 90.8% for nonsealed molars, with no statistically significantly difference between sealed and nonsealed molars (p = 0.70). The retention of sealants was not associated with the development of cavitated dentine caries and children presenting a higher baseline caries experience had greater chances of developing dentine lesions. In conclusion, the application of ART sealants was not more efficacious than nonsealing in reducing the development of dentine cavitated lesions in first permanent molars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Hesse
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,
| | | | - Daniela Prócida Raggio
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Dental School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Fausto Medeiros Mendes
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Dental School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Calil Bonifácio
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Lo Giudice R, Militi A, Nicita F, Bruno G, Tamà C, Lo Giudice F, Puleio F, Calapai F, Mannucci C. Correlation between Oral Hygiene and IL-6 in Children. Dent J (Basel) 2020; 8:E91. [PMID: 32796524 PMCID: PMC7558544 DOI: 10.3390/dj8030091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between marginal gingivitis, oral hygiene parameters, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in gingival crevicular fluid of 40 children. The marginal periodontal pathology was evaluated by gingival index (GI). The status of oral hygiene was estimated by using patient hygiene performance (PHP), brushing frequency (BF), and plaque index (PI). IL-6 levels in gingival crevicular fluid were measured to evaluate the inflammation in marginal gingiva. PHP score showed a significant correlation with GI, BF, and PI. The groups based on PHP ranges were significantly related to IL-6 concentration in crevicular fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Lo Giudice
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy
| | - Angela Militi
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy; (A.M.); (F.N.); (G.B.); (C.T.); (F.L.G.); (F.P.); (F.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Fabiana Nicita
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy; (A.M.); (F.N.); (G.B.); (C.T.); (F.L.G.); (F.P.); (F.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Giancarlo Bruno
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy; (A.M.); (F.N.); (G.B.); (C.T.); (F.L.G.); (F.P.); (F.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Cristina Tamà
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy; (A.M.); (F.N.); (G.B.); (C.T.); (F.L.G.); (F.P.); (F.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Fabrizio Lo Giudice
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy; (A.M.); (F.N.); (G.B.); (C.T.); (F.L.G.); (F.P.); (F.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Francesco Puleio
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy; (A.M.); (F.N.); (G.B.); (C.T.); (F.L.G.); (F.P.); (F.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Fabrizio Calapai
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy; (A.M.); (F.N.); (G.B.); (C.T.); (F.L.G.); (F.P.); (F.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Carmen Mannucci
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy; (A.M.); (F.N.); (G.B.); (C.T.); (F.L.G.); (F.P.); (F.C.); (C.M.)
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Newton JT, Awojobi O, Nasseripour M, Warburton F, Di Giorgio S, Gallagher JE, Banerjee A. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Role of Sugar-Free Chewing Gum in Dental Caries. JDR Clin Trans Res 2019; 5:214-223. [PMID: 31743654 DOI: 10.1177/2380084419887178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the difference in level of dental caries in adults and children who chew sugar-free gum (SFG), compared with those who do not chew SFG or use alternatives such as lozenges, candies, rinses, tablets, and other nonchewing controls. METHODS Systematic review of published literature. RESULTS Twelve studies of interventions of SFG for dental caries outcomes were included. SFGs were found to significantly reduce caries increment, giving a preventative fraction (PF) of 28% (95% CI, 7% to 48%). Including the 8 trials that used xylitol gum only as the basis of the intervention, the PF was 33% (95% CI, 4% to 61%). No adverse effects were recorded. There was a high level of heterogeneity among the trials included. CONCLUSION The findings of this review provide tentative evidence that chewing SFG reduces caries increment in comparison to nonchewing controls. However, there is a considerable degree of variability in the effect and the trials included were generally of moderate quality. There is a need for future research to explore the acceptability and feasibility of the use of SFG as a public health intervention (PROSPERO 2018 CRD42018094676). KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER STATEMENT The results of this study can be used by clinicians when deciding how best to implement dental caries prevention regimes for their patients. With consideration of cost and patient preference, this information could help to develop national policy directives on caries prevention and dictate the direction of future clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Newton
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Dental Hospital, London, UK
| | - O Awojobi
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Dental Hospital, London, UK
| | - M Nasseripour
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Dental Hospital, London, UK
| | - F Warburton
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Dental Hospital, London, UK
| | - S Di Giorgio
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Dental Hospital, London, UK
| | - J E Gallagher
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Dental Hospital, London, UK
| | - A Banerjee
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Dental Hospital, London, UK
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Guidelines on the use of fluoride for caries prevention in children: an updated EAPD policy document. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2019; 20:507-516. [PMID: 31631242 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-019-00464-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM To update the exisitng European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (EAPD) 2009 fluoride guidelines. METHODS Experts met in Athens, Greece duirng November 2018 for the following groups: I Fluoride toothpastes, II Fluoride gels, rinses and varnishes, III Fluoridated milk, fluoridated salt, tablets/lozenges and drops, IV Water fluoridation. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses were reviewed and discussed for each of the groups. The GRADE system was used to assess the quality of evidence which was judged as HIGH, MODERATE, LOW or VERY LOW based on the assessment of eight criteria which can influence the confidence of the results. Following the quality assessment, GRADE was then used to indicate the strength of recommendation for each fluoride agent as STRONG or WEAK/CONDITIONAL. RESULTS Parents must be strongly advised to apply an age-related amount of toothpaste and assist/supervise tooth brushing until at least 7 years of age. The EAPD strongly endorses the daily use of fluoride as a major part of any comprehensive programme for the prevention and control of dental caries in children. Regardless of the type of programme, community or individually based, the use of fluoride must be balanced between the estimation of caries-risk and the possible risks of adverse effects of the fluorides. Fluoride use is considered safe when the manufacturer's instructions are followed. Preventive programmes should be re-evaluated at regular intervals and adapted to a patient's or population's needs and risks. CONCLUSIONS For the majority of European Countries, the EAPD recommends the appropriate use of fluoride toothpaste in conjunction with good oral hygiene to be the basic fluoride regimen.
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Goldfeld S, Francis KL, Hoq M, Do L, O'Connor E, Mensah F. The Impact of Policy Modifiable Factors on Inequalities in Rates of Child Dental Caries in Australia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16111970. [PMID: 31163687 PMCID: PMC6604007 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16111970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background: Poor oral health in childhood can lead to adverse impacts later in life. We aimed to estimate the prevalence and population distribution of childhood dental caries in Australia and investigate factors that might ameliorate inequalities. Methods: Data from the nationally representative birth cohort Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (N = 5107), using questions assessing: The experience of dental caries during each biennial follow-up period (2–3 years to 10–11 years), socioeconomic position (SEP), and policy modifiable oral health factors. Results: The odds of dental caries were higher for children with lowest vs. highest SEP (adjusted OR (adjOR) 1.92, 95% CI 1.49–2.46), and lower where water was fluoridated to recommended levels (adjOR 0.53, 95% CI 0.43–0.64). There was no evidence of an association between caries experience and either reported sugary diet or tooth brushing. When SEP and fluoridation were considered in conjunction, compared to the highest SEP group with water fluoridation children in the lowest SEP with fluoridation had adjOR 1.54 for caries, (95% CI 1.14–2.07), and children in the lowest SEP without fluoridation had adjOR 4.06 (95% CI 2.88–5.42). For patterns of service use: The highest SEP group reported a greater percentage of service use in the absence of caries. Conclusions: Dental caries appears prevalent and is socially distributed in Australia. Policy efforts should consider how to ensure that children with dental caries receive adequate prevention and early care with equitable uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Goldfeld
- Centre for Community Child Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne 3052, Australia.
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia.
| | - Kate Louise Francis
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne 3052, Australia.
| | - Monsurul Hoq
- Centre for Community Child Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne 3052, Australia.
| | - Loc Do
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, Adelaide Dental School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia.
| | - Elodie O'Connor
- Centre for Community Child Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne 3052, Australia.
| | - Fiona Mensah
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia.
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne 3052, Australia.
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