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Tabll AA, Shahein YE, Omran MM, Hussein NA, El-Shershaby A, Petrovic A, Glasnovic M, Smolic R, Smolic M. Monoclonal IgY antibodies: advancements and limitations for immunodiagnosis and immunotherapy applications. Ther Adv Vaccines Immunother 2024; 12:25151355241264520. [PMID: 39071998 PMCID: PMC11273732 DOI: 10.1177/25151355241264520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to their high specificity and scalability, Monoclonal IgY antibodies have emerged as a valuable alternative to traditional polyclonal IgY antibodies. This abstract provides an overview of the production and purification methods of monoclonal IgY antibodies, highlights their advantages over polyclonal IgY antibodies, and discusses their recent applications. Monoclonal recombinant IgY antibodies, in contrast to polyclonal IgY antibodies, offer several benefits. such as derived from a single B-cell clone, monoclonal antibodies exhibit superior specificity, ensuring consistent and reliable results. Furthermore, it explores the suitability of monoclonal IgY antibodies for low- and middle-income countries, considering their cost-effectiveness and accessibility. We also discussed future directions and challenges in using polyclonal IgY and monoclonal IgY antibodies. In conclusion, monoclonal IgY antibodies offer substantial advantages over polyclonal IgY antibodies regarding specificity, scalability, and consistent performance. Their recent applications in diagnostics, therapeutics, and research highlight their versatility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf A. Tabll
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
- Egypt Center for Research and Regenerative Medicine (ECRRM), Cairo, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Yasser E. Shahein
- Molecular Biology Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M. Omran
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nahla A. Hussein
- Molecular Biology Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Asmaa El-Shershaby
- Molecular Biology Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ana Petrovic
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Marija Glasnovic
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Robert Smolic
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Martina Smolic
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Crkvena 21, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
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2
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Petrova VN, Sawatsky B, Han AX, Laksono BM, Walz L, Parker E, Pieper K, Anderson CA, de Vries RD, Lanzavecchia A, Kellam P, von Messling V, de Swart RL, Russell CA. Incomplete genetic reconstitution of B cell pools contributes to prolonged immunosuppression after measles. Sci Immunol 2020; 4:4/41/eaay6125. [PMID: 31672862 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aay6125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Measles is a disease caused by the highly infectious measles virus (MeV) that results in both viremia and lymphopenia. Lymphocyte counts recover shortly after the disappearance of measles-associated rash, but immunosuppression can persist for months to years after infection, resulting in increased incidence of secondary infections. Animal models and in vitro studies have proposed various immunological factors underlying this prolonged immune impairment, but the precise mechanisms operating in humans are unknown. Using B cell receptor (BCR) sequencing of human peripheral blood lymphocytes before and after MeV infection, we identified two immunological consequences from measles underlying immunosuppression: (i) incomplete reconstitution of the naïve B cell pool leading to immunological immaturity and (ii) compromised immune memory to previously encountered pathogens due to depletion of previously expanded B memory clones. Using a surrogate model of measles in ferrets, we investigated the clinical consequences of morbillivirus infection and demonstrated a depletion of vaccine-acquired immunity to influenza virus, leading to a compromised immune recall response and increased disease severity after secondary influenza virus challenge. Our results show that MeV infection causes changes in naïve and memory B lymphocyte diversity that persist after the resolution of clinical disease and thus contribute to compromised immunity to previous infections or vaccinations. This work highlights the importance of MeV vaccination not only for the control of measles but also for the maintenance of herd immunity to other pathogens, which can be compromised after MeV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bevan Sawatsky
- Veterinary Medicine Division, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines and DZIF TTU Emerging Infections, Langen, Germany
| | - Alvin X Han
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.,Laboratory of Applied Evolutionary Biology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Brigitta M Laksono
- Department of Viroscience, Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lisa Walz
- Veterinary Medicine Division, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines and DZIF TTU Emerging Infections, Langen, Germany
| | - Edyth Parker
- Laboratory of Applied Evolutionary Biology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kathrin Pieper
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Carl A Anderson
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rory D de Vries
- Department of Viroscience, Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Antonio Lanzavecchia
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Paul Kellam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, Wright Fleming Institute, St Mary's Campus, London, UK.,Kymab Ltd., The Bennet Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Veronika von Messling
- Veterinary Medicine Division, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines and DZIF TTU Emerging Infections, Langen, Germany
| | - Rik L de Swart
- Department of Viroscience, Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Colin A Russell
- Laboratory of Applied Evolutionary Biology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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3
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Qiu H, Andersen H, Tarbet EB, Muhammad FS, Carnelley T, Pronyk R, Barker D, Kodihalli S. Efficacy of anti-influenza immunoglobulin (FLU-IGIV) in ferrets and mice infected with 2009 pandemic influenza virus. Antiviral Res 2020; 180:104753. [PMID: 32114033 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Seasonal influenza causes significant morbidity and mortality around the world each year, even with the use of vaccines and antivirals. There is a need for more effective treatments for severe and hospitalized cases of influenza. In this study, we have tested the efficacy of a human plasma-derived IgG product (FLU-IGIV) against seasonal influenza in mouse and ferret models of influenza infection. FLU-IGIV successfully protected mice (100% survival) against lethal influenza infection. Also, the survival rate observed with FLU-IGIV treatment was better than the survival rate observed with oseltamivir (60% survival). FLU-IGIV significantly reduced the viral load in the lungs compared to placebo (PBS) in ferrets infected with influenza A/California/07/2009 (H1N1pdm09) virus. Overall, these studies demonstrate the efficacy of human plasma-derived FLU-IGIV in relevant animal models of influenza virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Qiu
- Research and Development, Emergent BioSolutions Canada Inc, Winnipeg, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Trevor Carnelley
- Research and Development, Emergent BioSolutions Canada Inc, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Russell Pronyk
- Research and Development, Emergent BioSolutions Canada Inc, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Douglas Barker
- Research and Development, Emergent BioSolutions Canada Inc, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Shantha Kodihalli
- Research and Development, Emergent BioSolutions Canada Inc, Winnipeg, Canada.
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4
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Wong J, Layton D, Wheatley AK, Kent SJ. Improving immunological insights into the ferret model of human viral infectious disease. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2019; 13:535-546. [PMID: 31583825 PMCID: PMC6800307 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferrets are a well-established model for studying both the pathogenesis and transmission of human respiratory viruses and evaluation of antiviral vaccines. Advanced immunological studies would add substantial value to the ferret models of disease but are hindered by the low number of ferret-reactive reagents available for flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Nevertheless, progress has been made to understand immune responses in the ferret model with a limited set of ferret-specific reagents and assays. This review examines current immunological insights gained from the ferret model across relevant human respiratory diseases, with a focus on influenza viruses. We highlight key knowledge gaps that need to be bridged to advance the utility of ferrets for immunological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Wong
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyPeter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVic.Australia
| | - Daniel Layton
- CSIRO Health and BiosecurityAustralian Animal Health LaboratoriesGeelongVic.Australia
| | - Adam K. Wheatley
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyPeter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVic.Australia
| | - Stephen J. Kent
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyPeter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVic.Australia
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre and Department of Infectious DiseasesAlfred Hospital and Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVic.Australia
- ARC Centre for Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and TechnologyUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVic.Australia
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Zou G, Kosikova M, Kim SR, Kotian S, Wu WW, Shen R, Powers DN, Agarabi C, Xie H, Ju T. Comprehensive analysis of N-glycans in IgG purified from ferrets with or without influenza A virus infection. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:19277-19289. [PMID: 30315103 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses cause contagious respiratory infections, resulting in significant economic burdens to communities. Production of influenza-specific Igs, specifically IgGs, is one of the major protective immune mechanisms against influenza viruses. In humans, N-glycosylation of IgGs plays a critical role in antigen binding and effector functions. The ferret is the most commonly used animal model for studying influenza pathogenesis, virus transmission, and vaccine development, but its IgG structure and functions remain largely undefined. Here we show that ferret IgGs are N-glycosylated and that their N-glycan structures are diverse. Using a comprehensive strategy based on MS and ultra-HPLC analyses in combination with exoglycosidase digestions, we assigned 42 N-glycan structures in ferret IgGs. We observed that N-glycans of ferret IgGs consist mainly of complex-type glycans, including some high-mannose and hybrid glycans, similar to those observed in human IgG. The complex-type glycans of ferret IgGs were primarily core-fucosylated. Furthermore, a fraction of N-glycans carried bisecting GlcNAc. Ferret IgGs also had a minor fraction of glycans carrying α2-6Neu5Ac(s). We noted that, unlike human IgG, ferret IgGs have αGal epitopes on some N-glycans. Interestingly, influenza A infection caused prominent changes in the N-glycans of ferret IgG, mainly because of an increase in bisecting GlcNAc and F1A2G0 and a corresponding decrease in F1A2G1. This suggests that the glycosylation of virus-specific IgG may play a role in its functionality. Our study highlights the need to further elucidate the structure-function relationships of IgGs in universal influenza vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozhang Zou
- From the Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993 and
| | | | - Su-Ryun Kim
- From the Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993 and
| | - Shweta Kotian
- From the Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993 and
| | - Wells W Wu
- Facility for Biotechnology Resources, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993
| | - Rongfong Shen
- Facility for Biotechnology Resources, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993
| | - David N Powers
- From the Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993 and
| | - Cyrus Agarabi
- From the Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993 and
| | - Hang Xie
- the Office of Vaccines Research and Review and
| | - Tongzhong Ju
- From the Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993 and
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6
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Rudraraju R, Subbarao K. Passive immunization with influenza haemagglutinin specific monoclonal antibodies. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2018; 14:2728-2736. [PMID: 29985756 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2018.1489947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The isolation of broadly neutralising antibodies against the influenza haemagglutinin has spurred investigation into their clinical potential, and has led to advances in influenza virus biology and universal influenza vaccine development. Studies in animal models have been invaluable for demonstrating the prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of broadly neutralising antibodies, for comparisons with antiviral drugs used as the standard of care, and for defining their mechanism of action and potential role in providing protection from airborne infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Rudraraju
- a WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology , The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Kanta Subbarao
- a WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology , The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity , Melbourne , Australia
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7
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Paules CI, Lakdawala S, McAuliffe JM, Paskel M, Vogel L, Kallewaard NL, Zhu Q, Subbarao K. The Hemagglutinin A Stem Antibody MEDI8852 Prevents and Controls Disease and Limits Transmission of Pandemic Influenza Viruses. J Infect Dis 2017. [PMID: 28633457 PMCID: PMC5853468 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MEDI8852 is a novel monoclonal antibody (mAb) that neutralizes both group I and group II influenza A viruses (IAVs) in vitro. We evaluated whether MEDI8852 was effective for prophylaxis and therapy against representative group I (H5N1) and group II (H7N9) pandemic IAVs in mice and ferrets and could be used to block transmission of influenza H1N1pdm09 in ferrets, compared to an irrelevant control mAb R347 and oseltamivir. Methods MEDI8852 was administered to mice and ferrets by intraperitoneal injection at varying doses, 24 hours prior to intranasal infection with H5N1 and H7N9 viruses for prophylaxis, and 24, 48, and 72 hours post-infection for treatment. A comparison with oseltamivir alone and combination of MEDI8852 and oseltamivir was included in some studies. Survival, weight loss, and viral titers were assessed over a 14-day study period. For the transmission study, naive respiratory contact ferrets received MEDI8852 or R347 prior to exposure to ferrets infected with an H1N1pdm09 virus. Results MEDI8852 was effective for prophylaxis and treatment of H7N9 and H5N1 infection in mice, with a clear dose-dependent response and treatment with MEDI8852 24, 48, or 72 hours postinfection was superior to oseltamivir for H5N1. MEDI8852 alone was effective treatment for lethal H5N1 infection in ferrets compared to oseltamivir and R347, and MEDI8852 plus oseltamivir was better than oseltamivir alone. MEDI8852 or oseltamivir alone early in infection was equally effective for H7N9 infection in ferrets while the combination yielded similar protection when treatment was delayed. MEDI8852 was able to protect naive ferrets from airborne transmission of H1N1pdm09. Conclusions MEDI8852, alone or with oseltamivir, shows promise for prophylaxis or therapy of group I and II IAVs with pandemic potential. Additionally, MEDI8852 blocked influenza transmission in ferrets, a unique finding among influenza-specific mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharine I Paules
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda
| | - Seema Lakdawala
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda
| | - Josephine M McAuliffe
- Department of Infectious Disease and Vaccines, Medimmune LLC, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Myeisha Paskel
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda
| | - Leatrice Vogel
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda
| | - Nicole L Kallewaard
- Department of Infectious Disease and Vaccines, Medimmune LLC, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Qing Zhu
- Department of Infectious Disease and Vaccines, Medimmune LLC, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Kanta Subbarao
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda
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8
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Circulating soluble P-selectin must dimerize to promote inflammation and coagulation in mice. Blood 2017; 130:181-191. [PMID: 28515093 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-02-770479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte adhesion to P-selectin on activated platelets and endothelial cells induces shedding of the P-selectin ectodomain into the circulation. Plasma soluble P-selectin (sP-selectin) is elevated threefold to fourfold in patients with cardiovascular disease. Circulating sP-selectin is thought to trigger signaling in leukocytes that directly contributes to inflammation and thrombosis. However, sP-selectin likely circulates as a monomer, and in vitro studies suggest that sP-selectin must dimerize to induce signaling in leukocytes. To address this discrepancy, we expressed the entire ectodomain of mouse P-selectin as a monomer (sP-selectin) or as a disulfide-linked dimer fused to the Fc portion of mouse immunoglobulin G (sP-selectin-Fc). Dimeric sP-selectin-Fc, but not monomeric sP-selectin, triggered integrin-dependent adhesion of mouse leukocytes in vitro. Antibody-induced oligomerization of sP-selectin or sP-selectin-Fc was required to trigger formation of neutrophil extracellular traps. Injecting sP-selectin-Fc, but not sP-selectin, into mice augmented integrin-dependent adhesion of neutrophils in venules, generated tissue factor-bearing microparticles, shortened plasma-clotting times, and increased thrombus frequency in the inferior vena cava. Furthermore, transgenic mice that overexpressed monomeric sP-selectin did not exhibit increased inflammation or thrombosis. We conclude that elevated plasma sP-selectin is a consequence rather than a cause of cardiovascular disease.
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9
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Haraya K, Tachibana T, Nezu J. Predicting pharmacokinetic profile of therapeutic antibodies after iv injection from only the data after sc injection in cynomolgus monkey. Xenobiotica 2016; 47:194-201. [PMID: 27151820 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2016.1174792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
1. The number of developed therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has increased in this decade. This study aims to predict their pharmacokinetic profiles after intravenous (iv) injection using only the data taken after subcutaneous (sc) injection in cynomolgus monkey. 2. Two-compartment model parameters, Q, Vc and Vp, were collected from the published data after iv injection in cynomolgus monkey for 21 mAbs (Group A). Bioavailability after sc injection (F), CL and serum/plasma concentration after iv injection of other published 19 mAbs (Group B) were predicted using the estimated geometric means of Q, Vc and Vp in Group A and the serum/plasma concentration after sc injection in Group B. 3. F and CL of 18 out of 19 mAbs in Group B were successfully predicted within 30% difference of observed value. Moreover, most of the observed serum/plasma concentrations after iv injection of mAbs in Group B were successfully predicted within 2-fold difference. Our approach suggests that iv injection might not be required to evaluate absorption of mAbs after sc injection in cynomolgus monkey. Therefore, our approach might reduce the time and cost of drug development, reduce the burden on resources, and also contribute to animal welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Haraya
- a Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd , Synapse , Singapore
| | | | - Junichi Nezu
- a Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd , Synapse , Singapore
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10
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Muzammil S, Mabus JR, Cooper PR, Brezski RJ, Bement CB, Perkinson R, Huebert ND, Thompson S, Levine D, Kliwinski C, Bradley D, Hornby PJ. FcRn binding is not sufficient for achieving systemic therapeutic levels of immunoglobulin G after oral delivery of enteric-coated capsules in cynomolgus macaques. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2016; 4:e00218. [PMID: 27433338 PMCID: PMC4876138 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although much speculation has surrounded intestinally expressed FcRn as a means for systemic uptake of orally administered immunoglobulin G (IgG), this has not been validated in translational models beyond neonates or in FcRn-expressing cells in vitro. Recently, IgG1 intestinal infusion acutely in anesthetized cynomolgus resulted in detectable serum monoclonal antibody (mAb) levels. In this study, we show that IgG2 has greater protease resistance to intestinal enzymes in vitro and mice in vivo, due to protease resistance in the hinge region. An IgG2 mAb engineered for FcRn binding, was optimally formulated, lyophilized, and loaded into enteric-coated capsules for oral dosing in cynomolgus. Small intestinal pH 7.5 was selected for enteric delivery based on gastrointestinal pH profiling of cynomolgus by operator-assisted IntelliCap System(®). Milling of the lyophilized IgG2 M428L FcRn-binding variant after formulation in 10 mmol/L histidine, pH 5.7, 8.5% sucrose, 0.04% PS80 did not alter the physicochemical properties nor the molecular integrity compared to the batch released in PBS. Size 3 hard gel capsules (23.2 mg IgG2 M428L ~3 mg/kg) were coated with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate for rapid dissolution at pH 7.5 in small intestine and FcRn binding of encapsulated mAb confirmed. Initial capsule dosing by endoscopic delivery into the small intestine achieved 0.2 + 0.1 ng/mL (n = 5) peak at 24 h. Weekly oral capsule dosing for 6 weeks achieved levels of 0.4 + 0.2 ng/mL and, despite increasing the dose and frequency, remained below 1 ng/mL. In conclusion, lyophilized milled mAb retains FcRn binding and molecular integrity for small intestinal delivery. The low systemic exposure has demonstrated the limitations of intestinal FcRn in non-human primates and the unfeasibility of employing this for therapeutic levels of mAb. Local mAb delivery with limited systemic exposure may be sufficient as a therapeutic for intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman Muzammil
- Janssen Biopharmaceuticals (formerly Biotechnology Center of Excellence) R&D of J&J Spring House Pennsylvania 19477
| | - John R Mabus
- Janssen Biopharmaceuticals (formerly Biotechnology Center of Excellence) R&D of J&J Spring House Pennsylvania 19477
| | - Philip R Cooper
- Janssen Biopharmaceuticals (formerly Biotechnology Center of Excellence) R&D of J&J Spring House Pennsylvania 19477
| | - Randall J Brezski
- Janssen Biopharmaceuticals (formerly Biotechnology Center of Excellence) R&D of J&J Spring House Pennsylvania 19477
| | - Courtney B Bement
- Janssen Biopharmaceuticals (formerly Biotechnology Center of Excellence) R&D of J&J Spring House Pennsylvania 19477
| | - Rob Perkinson
- Janssen Biopharmaceuticals (formerly Biotechnology Center of Excellence) R&D of J&J Spring House Pennsylvania 19477
| | - Norman D Huebert
- Discovery Sciences Janssen Pharmaceutical R&D of J&J Spring House Pennsylvania 19477
| | - Suzanne Thompson
- Preclinical Center of Excellence Ethicon., Inc. Cincinnati Ohio 45242
| | - Dalia Levine
- Janssen Biopharmaceuticals (formerly Biotechnology Center of Excellence) R&D of J&J Spring House Pennsylvania 19477
| | - Connie Kliwinski
- Janssen Biopharmaceuticals (formerly Biotechnology Center of Excellence) R&D of J&J Spring House Pennsylvania 19477
| | - Dino Bradley
- Discovery Sciences Janssen Pharmaceutical R&D of J&J Spring House Pennsylvania 19477
| | - Pamela J Hornby
- Janssen Biopharmaceuticals (formerly Biotechnology Center of Excellence) R&D of J&J Spring House Pennsylvania 19477
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