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Zhang M, Zeng Y, Wang F, Feng H, Liu Q, Li F, Zhao S, Zhao J, Liu Z, Zheng F, Liu H. Effects of the Nonstructural Protein-Nucleolar and Coiled-Body Phosphoprotein 1 Protein Interaction on rRNA Synthesis Through Telomeric Repeat-Binding Factor 2 Regulation Under Nucleolar Stress. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2024; 40:408-416. [PMID: 38062753 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2023.0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of the interaction between the non-structural protein 1 (NS1) and nucleolar and coiled-body phosphoprotein 1 (NOLC1) on rRNA synthesis through nucleolar telomeric repeat-binding factor 2 (TRF2) under nucleolar stress in avian influenza A virus infection. The analysis of TRF2 ties into the exploration of ribosomal protein L11 (RPL11) and mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) because TRF2 has been found to interact with NOLC1, and the RPL11-MDM2 pathway plays an important role in nucleolar regulation and cellular processes. Both human embryonic kidney 293T cells and human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells were transfected with the plasmids pCAGGS-HA and pCAGGS-HA-NS1, respectively. In addition, A549 cells were transfected with the plasmids pEGFP-N1, pEGFP-N1-NS1, and pDsRed2-N1-TRF2. The cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry, and coimmunoprecipitation was applied to examine the interactions between different proteins. The effect of NS1 on TRF2 was detected by immunoprecipitation, and the colocalization of NOLC1 and TRF2 or NS1 and TRF2 was visualized by immunofluorescence. Quantitative real-time PCR was conducted to detect the expression of the TRF2 and p21. There is a strong interaction between NOLC1 and TRF2, and the colocalization of NOLC1 and TRF2 in the nucleus. The protein expression of NOLC1 in A549-HA-NS1 cells was lower than that in A549-HA cells, which was accompanied by the upregulated protein expression of p53 in A549-HA-NS1 cells (all p < .05). TRF2 was scattered throughout the nucleus without clear nucleolar aggregation. RPL11 specifically interacted with MDM2 in the NS1 group, and expression of the p21 gene was significantly increased in the HA-NS1 group compared with the HA group (p < .01). NS1 protein can lead to the reduced aggregation of TRF2 in the nucleolus, inhibition of rRNA expression, and cell cycle blockade by interfering with the NOLC1 protein and generating nucleolar stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Zhang
- School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yingyue Zeng
- School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Simulation and Information Processing of Biomacromolecules of Liaoning, Shenyang, China
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Computational Simulation and Information Processing of Biological Macromolecules, Shenyang, China
| | - Fengchao Wang
- School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
| | - Huawei Feng
- Key Laboratory of Computational Simulation and Information Processing of Biomacromolecules of Liaoning, Shenyang, China
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Computational Simulation and Information Processing of Biological Macromolecules, Shenyang, China
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Design for Drug, Shenyang, China
| | - Qingqing Liu
- School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
| | - Feng Li
- School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shan Zhao
- School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Simulation and Information Processing of Biomacromolecules of Liaoning, Shenyang, China
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Computational Simulation and Information Processing of Biological Macromolecules, Shenyang, China
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Design for Drug, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhikui Liu
- Liaoning Huikang Testing and Evaluation Technology Co., Shenyang, China
| | - Fangliang Zheng
- School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongsheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Computational Simulation and Information Processing of Biomacromolecules of Liaoning, Shenyang, China
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Computational Simulation and Information Processing of Biological Macromolecules, Shenyang, China
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Design for Drug, Shenyang, China
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de Carvalho Lima EN, Diaz RS, Justo JF, Castilho Piqueira JR. Advances and Perspectives in the Use of Carbon Nanotubes in Vaccine Development. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:5411-5435. [PMID: 34408416 PMCID: PMC8367085 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s314308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in nanobiotechnology have allowed the utilization of nanotechnology through nanovaccines. Nanovaccines are powerful tools for enhancing the immunogenicity of a specific antigen and exhibit advantages over other adjuvant approaches, with features such as expanded stability, prolonged release, decreased immunotoxicity, and immunogenic selectivity. We introduce recent advances in carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to induce either a carrier effect as a nanoplatform or an immunostimulatory effect. Several studies of CNT-based nanovaccines revealed that due to the ability of CNTs to carry immunogenic molecules, they can act as nonclassical vaccines, a quality not possessed by vaccines with traditional formulations. Therefore, adapting and modifying the physicochemical properties of CNTs for use in vaccines may additionally enhance their efficacy in inducing a T cell-based immune response. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to renew and awaken interest in and knowledge of the safe use of CNTs as adjuvants and carriers in vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elidamar Nunes de Carvalho Lima
- Telecommunication and Control Engineering Department, Polytechnic School of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Sobhie Diaz
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Francisco Justo
- Electronic Systems Engineering Department, Polytechnic School of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Roberto Castilho Piqueira
- Telecommunication and Control Engineering Department, Polytechnic School of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Goepfert PA, Fu B, Chabanon AL, Bonaparte MI, Davis MG, Essink BJ, Frank I, Haney O, Janosczyk H, Keefer MC, Koutsoukos M, Kimmel MA, Masotti R, Savarino SJ, Schuerman L, Schwartz H, Sher LD, Smith J, Tavares-Da-Silva F, Gurunathan S, DiazGranados CA, de Bruyn G. Safety and immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 recombinant protein vaccine formulations in healthy adults: interim results of a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 1-2, dose-ranging study. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2021; 21:1257-1270. [PMID: 33887209 PMCID: PMC8055206 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(21)00147-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background CoV2 preS dTM is a stabilised pre-fusion spike protein vaccine produced in a baculovirus expression system being developed against SARS-CoV-2. We present interim safety and immunogenicity results of the first-in-human study of the CoV2 preS dTM vaccine with two different adjuvant formulations. Methods This phase 1–2, randomised, double-blind study is being done in healthy, SARS-CoV-2-seronegative adults in ten clinical research centres in the USA. Participants were stratified by age (18–49 years and ≥50 years) and randomly assigned using an interactive response technology system with block randomisation (blocks of varying size) to receive one dose (on day 1) or two doses (on days 1 and 22) of placebo or candidate vaccine, containing low-dose (effective dose 1·3 μg) or high-dose (2·6 μg) antigen with adjuvant AF03 (Sanofi Pasteur) or AS03 (GlaxoSmithKline) or unadjuvanted high-dose antigen (18–49 years only). Primary endpoints were safety, assessed up to day 43, and immunogenicity, measured as SARS-C0V-2 neutralising antibodies (geometric mean titres), assessed on days 1, 22, and 36 serum samples. Safety was assessed according to treatment received in the safety analysis set, which included all randomly assigned participants who received at least one dose. Neutralising antibody titres were assessed in the per-protocol analysis set for immunogenicity, which included participants who received at least one dose, met all inclusion and exclusion criteria, had no protocol deviation, had negative results in the neutralisation test at baseline, and had at least one valid post-dose serology sample. This planned interim analysis reports data up to 43 days after the first vaccination; participants in the trial will be followed up for 12 months after the last study injection. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04537208, and is ongoing. Findings Between Sept 3 and Sept 29, 2020, 441 individuals (299 aged 18–49 years and 142 aged ≥50 years) were randomly assigned to one of the 11 treatment groups. The interim safety analyses included 439 (>99%) of 441 randomly assigned participants (299 aged 18–49 years and 140 aged ≥50 years). Neutralising antibody titres were analysed in 326 (74%) of 441 participants (235 [79%] of 299 aged 18–49 years and 91 [64%] of 142 aged ≥50 years). There were no vaccine-related unsolicited immediate adverse events, serious adverse events, medically attended adverse events classified as severe, or adverse events of special interest. Among all study participants, solicited local and systemic reactions of any grade after two vaccine doses were reported in 81% (95% CI 61–93; 21 of 26) of participants in the low-dose plus AF03 group, 93% (84–97; 74 of 80) in the low-dose plus AS03 group, 89% (70–98; 23 of 26) in the high-dose plus AF03 group, 95% (88–99; 81 of 85) in the high-dose plus AS03 group, 29% (10–56; five of 17) in the unadjuvanted high-dose group, and 21% (8–40; six of 29) in the placebo group. A single vaccine dose did not generate neutralising antibody titres above placebo levels in any group at days 22 or 36. Among participants aged 18–49 years, neutralising antibody titres after two vaccine doses were 13·1 (95% CI 6·40–26·9) in the low-dose plus AF03 group, 20·5 (13·1–32·1) in the low-dose plus AS03 group, 43·2 (20·6–90·4) in the high-dose plus AF03 group, 75·1 (50·5–112·0) in the high-dose plus AS03 group, 5·00 (not calculated) in the unadjuvanted high-dose group, and 5·00 (not calculated) in the placebo group. Among participants aged 50 years or older, neutralising antibody titres after two vaccine doses were 8·62 (1·90–39·0) in the low-dose plus AF03 group, 12·9 (7·09–23·4) in the low-dose plus AS03 group, 12·3 (4·35–35·0) in the high-dose plus AF03 group, 52·3 (25·3–108·0) in the high-dose plus AS03 group, and 5·00 (not calculated) in the placebo group. Interpretation The lower than expected immune responses, especially in the older age groups, and the high reactogenicity after dose two were probably due to higher than anticipated host-cell protein content and lower than planned antigen doses in the formulations tested, which was discovered during characterisation studies on the final bulk drug substance. Further development of the AS03-adjuvanted candidate vaccine will focus on identifying the optimal antigen formulation and dose. Funding Sanofi Pasteur and Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Goepfert
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Bo Fu
- Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Ian Frank
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Michael C Keefer
- University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lawrence D Sher
- Peninsula Research Associates, Rolling Hills Estates, CA, USA
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Lodaya RN, Kanitkar AP, Friedrich K, Henson D, Yamagata R, Nuti S, Mallett CP, Bertholet S, Amiji MM, O'Hagan DT. Formulation Design, Optimization and In Vivo Evaluations of an α-Tocopherol-Containing Self-Emulsified Adjuvant System using Inactivated Influenza Vaccine. J Control Release 2019; 316:12-21. [PMID: 31678654 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
α-Tocopherol has been used as an immune supplement in humans, as an emulsion adjuvant component in several veterinary vaccines as well as an immunomodulatory component of AS03, an emulsion adjuvant that was used in an H1N1 pandemic vaccine (Pandemrix). AS03 is manufactured using microfluidization and high-pressure homogenization. Such high energy and complex manufacturing processes make it difficult and expensive to produce emulsion adjuvants on a large scale, especially in developing countries. In this study we have explored simpler, comparatively inexpensive methods, to formulate emulsion adjuvants containing α-tocopherol, that have the potential to be made in any well-established scale-up facility. This might facilitate producing and stock-piling adjuvant doses and therefore aide in pandemic preparedness. We used design of experiment as a tool to explore incorporating α-tocopherol into self-emulsified systems containing squalene oil and polysorbate 80. We created novel self-emulsified adjuvant systems (SE-AS) and evaluated their potency in vivo in BALB/c mice with inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine (QIV) and tested the cellular and humoral immune responses against the four vaccine strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rushit N Lodaya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Amey P Kanitkar
- GSK, Slaoui Centre for Vaccines Research, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | | | - Dawn Henson
- GSK, Slaoui Centre for Vaccines Research, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Ryan Yamagata
- GSK, Slaoui Centre for Vaccines Research, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Sandra Nuti
- GSK, Slaoui Centre for Vaccines Research, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Corey P Mallett
- GSK, Slaoui Centre for Vaccines Research, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Sylvie Bertholet
- GSK, Slaoui Centre for Vaccines Research, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Mansoor M Amiji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Derek T O'Hagan
- GSK, Slaoui Centre for Vaccines Research, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
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Cohet C, van der Most R, Bauchau V, Bekkat-Berkani R, Doherty TM, Schuind A, Tavares Da Silva F, Rappuoli R, Garçon N, Innis BL. Safety of AS03-adjuvanted influenza vaccines: A review of the evidence. Vaccine 2019; 37:3006-3021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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6
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Izurieta P, Kosalaraksa P, Frenette L, Dramé M, Innis BL, Vaughn DW, Schuind A. Reactogenicity and safety of AS03 B-adjuvanted H5N1 influenza vaccine in children: an open-label, one-way, crossover trial. ASIAN BIOMED 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/abm-2018-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Human cases of highly pathogenic avian-origin influenza A/H5N1 infection continue to be reported to the World Health Organization, and recent outbreaks of human cases of other zoonotic influenza strains highlight the continued need for strategies to mitigate influenza pandemic potential.
Methods
A Phase II–III randomized, placebo-controlled, observer-blind trial was conducted to assess the immunogenicity, reactogenicity, and safety of two 1.9 μg hemagglutinin doses of AS03B-adjuvanted H5N1 (AS03B-H5N1; A/Indonesia) vaccine in children (6 months to <18 years old) of Thailand, the United States, and Canada (Year 1, published elsewhere). After database lock in Year 1, the trial was unblinded, and children who had been randomized to receive placebo and continued to fulfill the eligibility criteria were invited to participate in an open-label, one-way, crossover safety extension phase, in which they received AS03B-H5N1 vaccine. Here we report the safety analysis in Year 2.
Results
A total of 155 children were vaccinated in Year 2. The most frequent solicited adverse event (AE) during 7 days post vaccination was injection site pain. Irritability or fussiness was reported in about one-third of younger children (aged <6 years) during 7 days post vaccination and was the most common solicited general AE in this age group. Postvaccination temperature (≥38°C) was reported in 4 (5.1%) children. The most common solicited general AEs in older children (aged ≥6 years) were muscle aches, headache, and fatigue. The AS03B-H5N1 vaccine had a clinically acceptable safety profile up to 385 days post vaccination.
Conclusions
Safety in the crossover phase was acceptable and consistent with that observed in vaccine recipients in the randomized, blinded phase of the study.
Clinical trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01310413.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pope Kosalaraksa
- Department of Pediatrics , Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen 40002 , Thailand
| | | | | | - Bruce L. Innis
- Vaccines Discovery and Development, GSK , King of Prussia , PA 19406 , USA
| | - David W Vaughn
- Vaccines Discovery and Development, GSK , King of Prussia , PA 19406 , USA
| | - Anne Schuind
- Vaccines Discovery and Development, GSK , King of Prussia , PA 19406 , USA
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7
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Trombetta CM, Gianchecchi E, Montomoli E. Influenza vaccines: Evaluation of the safety profile. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2018; 14:657-670. [PMID: 29297746 PMCID: PMC5861790 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1423153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The safety of vaccines is a critical factor in maintaining public trust in national vaccination programs. Vaccines are recommended for children, adults and elderly subjects and have to meet higher safety standards, since they are administered to healthy subjects, mainly healthy children. Although vaccines are strictly monitored before authorization, the possibility of adverse events and/or rare adverse events cannot be totally eliminated. Two main types of influenza vaccines are currently available: parenteral inactivated influenza vaccines and intranasal live attenuated vaccines. Both display a good safety profile in adults and children. However, they can cause adverse events and/or rare adverse events, some of which are more prevalent in children, while others with a higher prevalence in adults. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of influenza vaccine safety according to target groups, vaccine types and production methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emanuele Montomoli
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- VisMederi srl, Siena, Italy
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8
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Abstract
In spite of current influenza vaccines being immunogenic, evolution of the influenza virus can reduce efficacy and so influenza remains a major threat to public health. One approach to improve influenza vaccines is to include adjuvants; substances that boost the immune response. Adjuvants are particularly beneficial for influenza vaccines administered during a pandemic when a rapid response is required or for use in patients with impaired immune responses, such as infants and the elderly. This review outlines the current use of adjuvants in human influenza vaccines, including what they are, why they are used and what is known of their mechanism of action. To date, six adjuvants have been used in licensed human vaccines: Alum, MF59, AS03, AF03, virosomes and heat labile enterotoxin (LT). In general these adjuvants are safe and well tolerated, but there have been some rare adverse events when adjuvanted vaccines are used at a population level that may discourage the inclusion of adjuvants in influenza vaccines, for example the association of LT with Bell's Palsy. Improved understanding about the mechanisms of the immune response to vaccination and infection has led to advances in adjuvant technology and we describe the experimental adjuvants that have been tested in clinical trials for influenza but have not yet progressed to licensure. Adjuvants alone are not sufficient to improve influenza vaccine efficacy because they do not address the underlying problem of mismatches between circulating virus and the vaccine. However, they may contribute to improved efficacy of next-generation influenza vaccines and will most likely play a role in the development of effective universal influenza vaccines, though what that role will be remains to be seen.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Tregoning
- a Mucosal Infection and Immunity group, Section of Virology, Department of Medicine , St Mary's Campus, Imperial College London , UK
| | - Ryan F Russell
- a Mucosal Infection and Immunity group, Section of Virology, Department of Medicine , St Mary's Campus, Imperial College London , UK
| | - Ekaterina Kinnear
- a Mucosal Infection and Immunity group, Section of Virology, Department of Medicine , St Mary's Campus, Imperial College London , UK
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9
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Abstract
Vaccinations are very effective measures for prevention of infections but are also associated with a long list of possible side effects. Adverse ocular effects following vaccination have been rarely reported or considered to be related to vaccinations. Conjunctivitis is a frequent sequel of various vaccinations. Oculorespiratory syndrome and serum sickness syndrome are considered to be related to influenza vaccinations. The risk of reactivation or initiation of autoimmune diseases (e. g. uveitis) cannot be excluded but has not yet been proven. Overall the benefit of vaccination outweighs the possible but very low risk of ocular side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ness
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Medizinische Fakultät der Universität Freiburg, Killianstr. 5, 79106, Freiburg, Deutschland.
| | - H Hengel
- Institut für Virologie; Department für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Freiburg, Deutschland
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10
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Gu XX, Plotkin SA, Edwards KM, Sette A, Mills KHG, Levy O, Sant AJ, Mo A, Alexander W, Lu KT, Taylor CE. Waning Immunity and Microbial Vaccines-Workshop of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2017; 24:e00034-17. [PMID: 28490424 PMCID: PMC5498725 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00034-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Since the middle of the 20th century, vaccines have made a significant public health impact by controlling infectious diseases globally. Although long-term protection has been achieved with some vaccines, immunity wanes over time with others, resulting in outbreaks or epidemics of infectious diseases. Long-term protection against infectious agents that have a complex life cycle and antigenic variation remains a key challenge. Novel strategies to characterize the short- and long-term immune responses to vaccines and to induce immune responses that mimic natural infection have recently emerged. New technologies and approaches in vaccinology, such as adjuvants, delivery systems, and antigen formulations, have the potential to elicit more durable protection and fewer adverse reactions; together with in vitro systems, these technologies have the capacity to model and accelerate vaccine development. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) held a workshop on 19 September 2016 that focused on waning immunity to selected vaccines (for Bordetella pertussis, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, Neisseria meningitidis, influenza, mumps, and malaria), with an emphasis on identifying knowledge gaps, future research needs, and how this information can inform development of more effective vaccines for infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Xing Gu
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Alessandro Sette
- La Jolla Institute of Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Kingston H G Mills
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ofer Levy
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrea J Sant
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Annie Mo
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - William Alexander
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kristina T Lu
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Christopher E Taylor
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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11
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Van Hoeven N, Fox CB, Granger B, Evers T, Joshi SW, Nana GI, Evans SC, Lin S, Liang H, Liang L, Nakajima R, Felgner PL, Bowen RA, Marlenee N, Hartwig A, Baldwin SL, Coler RN, Tomai M, Elvecrog J, Reed SG, Carter D. A Formulated TLR7/8 Agonist is a Flexible, Highly Potent and Effective Adjuvant for Pandemic Influenza Vaccines. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46426. [PMID: 28429728 PMCID: PMC5399443 DOI: 10.1038/srep46426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 1997, highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses of the H5N1 subtype have been transmitted from avian hosts to humans. The severity of H5N1 infection in humans, as well as the sporadic nature of H5N1 outbreaks, both geographically and temporally, make generation of an effective vaccine a global public health priority. An effective H5N1 vaccine must ultimately provide protection against viruses from diverse clades. Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonist adjuvant formulations have a demonstrated ability to broaden H5N1 vaccine responses in pre-clinical models. However, many of these agonist molecules have proven difficult to develop clinically. Here, we describe comprehensive adjuvant formulation development of the imidazoquinoline TLR-7/8 agonist 3M-052, in combination with H5N1 hemagglutinin (HA) based antigens. We find that 3M-052 in multiple formulations protects both mice and ferrets from lethal H5N1 homologous virus challenge. Furthermore, we conclusively demonstrate the ability of 3M-052 adjuvant formulations to broaden responses to H5N1 HA based antigens, and show that this broadening is functional using a heterologous lethal virus challenge in ferrets. Given the extensive clinical use of imidazoquinoline TLR agonists for other indications, these studies identify multiple adjuvant formulations which may be rapidly advanced into clinical trials in an H5N1 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal Van Hoeven
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Ave E., Seattle WA 98103, USA
| | - Christopher B Fox
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Ave E., Seattle WA 98103, USA
| | - Brian Granger
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Ave E., Seattle WA 98103, USA
| | - Tara Evers
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Ave E., Seattle WA 98103, USA
| | - Sharvari W Joshi
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Ave E., Seattle WA 98103, USA
| | - Ghislain I Nana
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Ave E., Seattle WA 98103, USA
| | - Sarah C Evans
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Ave E., Seattle WA 98103, USA
| | - Susan Lin
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Ave E., Seattle WA 98103, USA
| | - Hong Liang
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Ave E., Seattle WA 98103, USA
| | - Li Liang
- University of California Irvine, Department of Medicine, Irvine CA 92697, USA
| | - Rie Nakajima
- University of California Irvine, Department of Medicine, Irvine CA 92697, USA
| | - Philip L Felgner
- University of California Irvine, Department of Medicine, Irvine CA 92697, USA
| | - Richard A Bowen
- Colorado State University Department of Biomedical Sciences, Foothills Campus, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Nicole Marlenee
- Colorado State University Department of Biomedical Sciences, Foothills Campus, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Airn Hartwig
- Colorado State University Department of Biomedical Sciences, Foothills Campus, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Susan L Baldwin
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Ave E., Seattle WA 98103, USA
| | - Rhea N Coler
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Ave E., Seattle WA 98103, USA
| | - Mark Tomai
- 3M, Inc., St. Paul, Minnesota 55121, USA
| | | | - Steven G Reed
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Ave E., Seattle WA 98103, USA
| | - Darrick Carter
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Ave E., Seattle WA 98103, USA
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Cao W, Davis WG, Kim JH, De La Cruz JA, Taylor A, Hendrickson GR, Kumar A, Ranjan P, Lyon LA, Katz JM, Gangappa S, Sambhara S. An oil-in-water nanoemulsion enhances immunogenicity of H5N1 vaccine in mice. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 12:1909-1917. [PMID: 27112307 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
To enhance the immunogenicity of the Influenza H5N1 vaccine, we developed an oil-in-water nanoemulsion (NE) adjuvant. NE displayed good temperature stability and maintained particle size. More importantly, it significantly enhanced IL-6 and MCP-1 production to recruit innate cells, including neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages and dendritic cells to the local environment. Furthermore, NE enhanced dendritic cell function to induce robust antigen-specific T and B cell immune responses. NE-adjuvanted H5N1 vaccine not only elicited significantly higher and long-lasting antibody responses, but also conferred enhanced protection against homologous clade 1 as well as heterologous clade 2 H5N1 virus challenge in young as well as in aged mice. The pre-existing immunity to seasonal influenza did not affect the immunogenicity of NE-adjuvanted H5N1 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Cao
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - William G Davis
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jin Hyang Kim
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Juan A De La Cruz
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Andrew Taylor
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Grant R Hendrickson
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, the Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta GA, USA
| | - Amrita Kumar
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Priya Ranjan
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - L Andrew Lyon
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, the Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta GA, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Katz
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shivaprakash Gangappa
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Suryaprakash Sambhara
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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13
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Stassijns J, Bollaerts K, Baay M, Verstraeten T. A systematic review and meta-analysis on the safety of newly adjuvanted vaccines among children. Vaccine 2015; 34:714-22. [PMID: 26740250 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION New adjuvants such as the AS- or the MF59-adjuvants improve vaccine efficacy and facilitate dose-sparing. Their use in influenza and malaria vaccines has resulted in a large body of evidence on their clinical safety in children. METHODS We carried out a systematic search for safety data from published clinical trials on newly adjuvanted vaccines in children ≤10 years of age. Serious adverse events (SAEs), solicited AEs, unsolicited AEs and AEs of special interest were evaluated for four new adjuvants: the immuno-stimulants containing adjuvant systems AS01 and AS02, and the squalene containing oil-in-water emulsions AS03 and MF59. Relative risks (RR) were calculated, comparing children receiving newly adjuvanted vaccines to children receiving other vaccines with a variety of antigens, both adjuvanted and unadjuvanted. RESULTS Twenty-nine trials were included in the meta-analysis, encompassing 25,056 children who received at least one dose of the newly adjuvanted vaccines. SAEs did not occur more frequently in adjuvanted groups (RR 0.85, 95%CI 0.75-0.96). Our meta-analyses showed higher reactogenicity following administration of newly adjuvanted vaccines, however, no consistent pattern of solicited AEs was observed across adjuvant systems. Pain was the most prevalent AE, but often mild and of short duration. No increased risks were found for unsolicited AEs, febrile convulsions, potential immune mediated diseases and new onset of chronic diseases. CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis did not show any safety concerns in clinical trials of the newly adjuvanted vaccines in children ≤10 years of age. An unexplained increase of meningitis in one Phase III AS01-adjuvanted malaria trial and the link between narcolepsy and the AS03-adjuvanted pandemic vaccine illustrate that continued safety monitoring is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorgen Stassijns
- P-95, Epidemiology and Pharmacovigilance Consulting and Services, Koning Leopold III Laan 1, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Kaatje Bollaerts
- P-95, Epidemiology and Pharmacovigilance Consulting and Services, Koning Leopold III Laan 1, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Marc Baay
- P-95, Epidemiology and Pharmacovigilance Consulting and Services, Koning Leopold III Laan 1, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Thomas Verstraeten
- P-95, Epidemiology and Pharmacovigilance Consulting and Services, Koning Leopold III Laan 1, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
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