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Nguyen TL, Kim H. Integrating immunoinformatics and computational epitope prediction for a vaccine candidate against respiratory syncytial virus. Infect Dis Model 2024; 9:763-774. [PMID: 38708060 PMCID: PMC11068479 DOI: 10.1016/j.idm.2024.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) poses a significant global health threat, especially affecting infants and the elderly. Addressing this, the present study proposes an innovative approach to vaccine design, utilizing immunoinformatics and computational strategies. We analyzed RSV's structural proteins across both subtypes A and B, identifying potential helper T lymphocyte, cytotoxic T lymphocyte, and linear B lymphocyte epitopes. Criteria such as antigenicity, allergenicity, toxicity, and cytokine-inducing potential were rigorously examined. Additionally, we evaluated the conservancy of these epitopes and their population coverage across various RSV strains. The comprehensive analysis identified six major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) binding, five MHC-II binding, and three B-cell epitopes. These were integrated with suitable linkers and adjuvants to form the vaccine. Further, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated stable interactions between the vaccine candidate and human Toll-like receptors (TLR4 and TLR5), with a notable preference for TLR4. Immune simulation analysis underscored the vaccine's potential to elicit a strong immune response. This study presents a promising RSV vaccine candidate and offers theoretical support, marking a significant advancement in vaccine development efforts. However, the promising in silico findings need to be further validated through additional in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Truc Ly Nguyen
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Heebal Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- eGnome, Inc., Seoul, 05836, Republic of Korea
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2
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Wireko FW, DeMartino ES, Walkoff LA, Boland JM, Ryu JH. A 62-Year-Old Woman With Cough, Dyspnea, and Diffuse Lung Nodules. Chest 2024; 166:e61-e65. [PMID: 39122310 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2024.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
CASE PRESENTATION A 62-year-old woman came to our hospital with worsening cough and dyspnea over the preceding week, during which time she had been treated with azithromycin and prednisone for suspected pneumonia. She had no fever, chills, or sweats, but her cough had become productive of clear to blood-tinged phlegm during the interval. Medical history was significant for insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and OSA. She had quit smoking 44 years earlier and had no history of lung disease. She was a bank teller residing in southeastern Minnesota and described no relevant inhalational or environmental exposures, drug use, aspiration, or travels preceding her illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix W Wireko
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Erin S DeMartino
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | | | - Jay H Ryu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
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Qousain Naqvi ST, Muhammad SA, Guo J, Zafar S, Ali A, Anderson LJ, Rostad CA, Bai B. Experimental trials of predicted CD4 + and CD8 + T-cell epitopes of respiratory syncytial virus. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1349749. [PMID: 38629077 PMCID: PMC11018974 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1349749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of viral lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in young children around the world and an important cause of LRTI in the elderly. The available treatments and FDA-approved vaccines for RSV only lessen the severity of the infection and are recommended for infants and elderly people. Methods We focused on developing a broad-spectrum vaccine that activates the immune system to directly combat RSV. The objective of this study is to identify CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell epitopes using an immunoinformatics approach to develop RSV vaccines. The efficacy of these peptides was validated through in-vitro and in-vivo studies involving healthy and diseased animal models. Results For each major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class-I and II, we found three epitopes of RSV proteins including F, G, and SH with an antigenic score of >0.5 and a projected SVM score of <5. Experimental validation of these peptides on female BALB/c mice was conducted before and after infection with the RSV A2 line 19f. We found that the 3RVMHCI (CD8+) epitope of the F protein showed significant results of white blood cells (19.72 × 103 cells/μl), neutrophils (6.01 × 103 cells/μl), lymphocytes (12.98 × 103 cells/μl), IgG antibodies (36.9 µg/ml), IFN-γ (86.96 ng/L), and granzyme B (691.35 pg/ml) compared to control at the second booster dose of 10 µg. Similarly, 4RVMHCII (CD4+) of the F protein substantially induced white blood cells (27.08 × 103 cells/μl), neutrophils (6.58 × 103 cells/μl), lymphocytes (16.64 × 103 cells/μl), IgG antibodies (46.13 µg/ml), IFN-γ (96.45 ng/L), and granzyme B (675.09 pg/ml). In-vitro studies showed that 4RVMHCII produced a significant level of antibodies in sera on day 45 comparable to mice infected with the virus. 4RVMHCII also induced high IFN-γ and IL-2 secretions on the fourth day of the challenge compared to the preinfectional stage. Conclusion In conclusion, epitopes of the F protein showed considerable immune response and are suitable for further validation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Syed Aun Muhammad
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Jinlei Guo
- School of Intelligent Medical Engineering, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Sidra Zafar
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Ali
- Atta-ur-Rehman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Larry J. Anderson
- Department of Pediatrics and Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Christina A. Rostad
- Department of Pediatrics and Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Baogang Bai
- School of Information and Technology, Wenzhou Business College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Medicine, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- The First School of Medical, School of Information and Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Loubet P, Fernandes J, de Pouvourville G, Sosnowiez K, Elong A, Guilmet C, Omichessan H, Bureau I, Fagnani F, Emery C, Abou Chakra CN. Respiratory syncytial virus-related hospital stays in adults in France from 2012 to 2021: A national hospital database study. J Clin Virol 2024; 171:105635. [PMID: 38215557 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2023.105635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) that may lead to hospitalization or death. The present study aimed to assess the burden of RSV infections in hospitalized adults. METHODS RSV-related hospitalizations were identified from the nationwide hospital claims database in France (PMSI) from 2012 to 2021 using ICD-10 codes J12.1, J20.5, J21.0 or B97.4, and outcomes assessment focused on 2016-2020. In-hospital outcomes included length of stay, need for intensive care (ICU) and in-hospital all-cause mortality. Post-discharge outcomes included 30-day readmission for decompensation, 90-day RSV-related readmission, and 30 and 60-day in-hospital mortality. RESULTS A cumulated number of 17 483 RSV-related stays were identified representing a rate of 72.0 cases per million stays. The outcomes assessment included 12,987 patients: 55.8 % were females and the mean age was 74.1 ± 16.4 years, with 57 % ≥ 75 years. Most of patients (78.6 %) had at least one comorbidity, mainly chronic respiratory (56.3 %) and cardiovascular diseases (41.3 %), or diabetes (23.5 %). A co-infection was found in 22.4 %, primarily bacterial (12 %). The mean length of stay was 12.3 ± 13.1 days. Overall, 10.9 % were admitted to an ICU and in-hospital mortality was 7.3 %. In-hospital outcomes were higher in cases of co-infection. Among 12 033 patients alive at discharge from the index stay, 6.5 % were readmitted with RSV within 90 days, 8.1 % for decompensation within 30 days, and 5.6 % died within 60-day. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated the high burden of RSV infections in older adults and those with chronic conditions, and the need for preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Loubet
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, CHU Nîmes Carémeau, Université de Montpellier, Nîmes, France.
| | | | | | - Katia Sosnowiez
- Department of Medical Affairs, Janssen-Cilag, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France
| | - Anne Elong
- Department of Market Access, Janssen-Cilag, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France
| | - Caroline Guilmet
- Department of Market Access, Janssen-Cilag, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France
| | - Hanane Omichessan
- Department of Market Access, Janssen-Cilag, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France
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Ruiz-Galiana J, Cantón R, De Lucas Ramos P, García-Botella A, García-Lledó A, Hernández-Sampelayo T, Gómez-Pavón J, González Del Castillo J, Martín-Delgado MC, Martín Sánchez FJ, Martínez-Sellés M, Molero García JM, Moreno Guillén S, Rodríguez-Artalejo FJ, Rodríguez Fernandez R, Kestler M, Bouza E. Respiratory syncytial virus: A new era. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE QUIMIOTERAPIA : PUBLICACION OFICIAL DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE QUIMIOTERAPIA 2024; 37:134-148. [PMID: 38205560 PMCID: PMC10945101 DOI: 10.37201/req/147.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major public health problem that has undergone significant changes in recent years. First of all, it has become easier to diagnose with highly reliable and rapidly available confirmatory tests. This has led to a better understanding of its epidemiology and RSV has gone from being a disease of the pediatric age group, severe only in infants and immunosuppressed children, to being a common disease in people of all ages, particularly important in patients of advanced age or with immunosuppressive diseases. Recent therapeutic and prophylactic advances, both with long-lasting monoclonal antibodies and vaccines, are another reason for satisfaction. For these reasons, the COVID and Emerging Pathogens Committee of the Illustrious Official College of Physicians of Madrid (ICOMEM) has considered it pertinent to review this subject in the light of new knowledge and new resources for dealing with this infection. We have formulated a series of questions that we believe will be of interest not only to members of the College but also to any non-expert in this subject, with a particular focus on the situation of RSV infection in Spain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - E Bouza
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas del Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense. CIBERES. Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias. Madrid, Spain.
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Boattini M, Almeida A, Comini S, Bianco G, Cavallo R, Costa C. From Forgotten Pathogen to Target for New Vaccines: What Clinicians Need to Know about Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Older Adults. Viruses 2024; 16:531. [PMID: 38675874 PMCID: PMC11053843 DOI: 10.3390/v16040531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is increasingly recognized as being implicated in acute illness in older adults, with a significant weight in hospitalizations for respiratory illness and death. By means of a best-evidence review, this paper aims to investigate whether RSV can be considered a forgotten pathogen in older patients, looking at trends in the literature volume and exploring possible epidemiological and clinical features underlying the focus given to it. We then present an assessment of its disease burden and present and future strategies for its reduction, particularly in light of the recent availability of new vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Boattini
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, University Hospital Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy; (G.B.)
- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Lisbon Academic Medical Centre, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - André Almeida
- Department of Internal Medicine 4, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Centro Clínico Académico de Lisboa, 1169-024 Lisbon, Portugal;
- NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Centro Clínico Académico de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sara Comini
- Operative Unit of Clinical Pathology, Carlo Urbani Hospital, 60035 Jesi, Italy
| | - Gabriele Bianco
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, University Hospital Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy; (G.B.)
- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Salento, Via Provinciale Monteroni n. 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Rossana Cavallo
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, University Hospital Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy; (G.B.)
- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Cristina Costa
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, University Hospital Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy; (G.B.)
- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
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7
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Dietz E, Pritchard E, Pouwels K, Ehsaan M, Blake J, Gaughan C, Haduli E, Boothe H, Vihta KD, Peto T, Stoesser N, Matthews P, Taylor N, Diamond I, Studley R, Rourke E, Birrell P, De Angelis D, Fowler T, Watson C, Eyre D, House T, Walker AS. SARS-CoV-2, influenza A/B and respiratory syncytial virus positivity and association with influenza-like illness and self-reported symptoms, over the 2022/23 winter season in the UK: a longitudinal surveillance cohort. BMC Med 2024; 22:143. [PMID: 38532381 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-024-03351-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Syndromic surveillance often relies on patients presenting to healthcare. Community cohorts, although more challenging to recruit, could provide additional population-wide insights, particularly with SARS-CoV-2 co-circulating with other respiratory viruses. METHODS We estimated the positivity and incidence of SARS-CoV-2, influenza A/B, and RSV, and trends in self-reported symptoms including influenza-like illness (ILI), over the 2022/23 winter season in a broadly representative UK community cohort (COVID-19 Infection Survey), using negative-binomial generalised additive models. We estimated associations between test positivity and each of the symptoms and influenza vaccination, using adjusted logistic and multinomial models. RESULTS Swabs taken at 32,937/1,352,979 (2.4%) assessments tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, 181/14,939 (1.2%) for RSV and 130/14,939 (0.9%) for influenza A/B, varying by age over time. Positivity and incidence peaks were earliest for RSV, then influenza A/B, then SARS-CoV-2, and were highest for RSV in the youngest and for SARS-CoV-2 in the oldest age groups. Many test positives did not report key symptoms: middle-aged participants were generally more symptomatic than older or younger participants, but still, only ~ 25% reported ILI-WHO and ~ 60% ILI-ECDC. Most symptomatic participants did not test positive for any of the three viruses. Influenza A/B-positivity was lower in participants reporting influenza vaccination in the current and previous seasons (odds ratio = 0.55 (95% CI 0.32, 0.95)) versus neither season. CONCLUSIONS Symptom profiles varied little by aetiology, making distinguishing SARS-CoV-2, influenza and RSV using symptoms challenging. Most symptoms were not explained by these viruses, indicating the importance of other pathogens in syndromic surveillance. Influenza vaccination was associated with lower rates of community influenza test positivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Dietz
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- The National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance at the University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Emma Pritchard
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- The National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance at the University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Koen Pouwels
- The National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance at the University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Health Economics Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Joshua Blake
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Eric Haduli
- Berkshire and Surrey Pathology Services, Camberley, UK
| | - Hugh Boothe
- Berkshire and Surrey Pathology Services, Camberley, UK
| | | | - Tim Peto
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- The National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance at the University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicole Stoesser
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- The National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance at the University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Philippa Matthews
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, UK
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Paul Birrell
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- UK Health Security Agency, London, UK
| | | | - Tom Fowler
- UK Health Security Agency, London, UK
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - David Eyre
- The National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance at the University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Ann Sarah Walker
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- The National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance at the University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- The National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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8
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Zou G, Cao S, Gao Z, Yie J, Wu JZ. Current state and challenges in respiratory syncytial virus drug discovery and development. Antiviral Res 2024; 221:105791. [PMID: 38160942 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) in young children and elderly people worldwide. Recent significant progress in our understanding of the structure and function of RSV proteins has led to the discovery of several clinical candidates targeting RSV fusion and replication. These include both the development of novel small molecule interventions and the isolation of potent monoclonal antibodies. In this review, we summarize the state-of-the-art of RSV drug discovery, with a focus on the characteristics of the candidates that reached the clinical stage of development. We also discuss the lessons learned from failed and discontinued clinical developments and highlight the challenges that remain for development of RSV therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zou
- Shanghai Ark Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Sushan Cao
- Shanghai Ark Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhao Gao
- Shanghai Ark Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Junming Yie
- Shanghai Ark Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jim Zhen Wu
- Shanghai Ark Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 201203, China
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9
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Kurai D, Mizukami A, Preckler V, Verelst F, Molnar D, Matsuki T, Ho Y, Igarashi A. The potential public health impact of the respiratory syncytial virus prefusion F protein vaccine in people aged ≥60 years in Japan: results of a Markov model analysis. Expert Rev Vaccines 2024; 23:303-311. [PMID: 38426479 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2024.2323128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), a common respiratory pathogen, can lead to severe symptoms, especially in older adults (OA). A recently developed RSV prefusion F protein (RSVPreF3 OA) vaccine confers high protection against RSV lower respiratory tract disease (LRTD) over two full RSV seasons. The aim of this study was to assess the potential public health impact of RSVPreF3 OA vaccination in the Japanese OA population. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A static Markov model was used to estimate the number of symptomatic RSV cases, hospitalizations and deaths in the Japanese population aged ≥ 60 years over a 3-year time horizon. Japan-specific RSV epidemiology and healthcare resource use parameters were used; vaccine efficacy was derived from a phase 3 randomized study (AReSVi-006, NCT04886596). Vaccination coverage was set to 50%. RESULTS Without vaccination, >5 million RSV acute respiratory illness (ARI) would occur (2.5 million LRTD and 2.8 million upper respiratory tract infections) leading to ~ 3.5 million outpatient visits, >534,000 hospitalizations and ~ 25,500 RSV-related deaths over 3 years. Vaccination could prevent > 1 million RSV-ARI cases, 728,000 outpatient visits, 143,000 hospitalizations and 6,840 RSV-related deaths. CONCLUSIONS RSVPreF3 OA vaccination is projected to have a substantial public health impact by reducing RSV-related morbidity and mortality in the OA population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kurai
- Department of General Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ataru Igarashi
- Department of Public Health, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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10
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Ding J, Li J, Zhang Z, Du Y, Liu Y, Wang P, Du H. Network pharmacology combined with metabolomics to explore the mechanism for Lonicerae Japonicae flos against respiratory syncytial virus. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:449. [PMID: 38087272 PMCID: PMC10714634 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04286-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) stands out as a primary contributor to lower respiratory tract infections and hospitalizations, particularly in infants. Lonicerae japonicae flos (LJF), a traditional Chinese medicine renowned for its efficacy against various viral infections, including RSV, has been widely employed. Despite its common use, the precise therapeutic mechanism of LJF against RSV remains elusive. This study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanism of LJF against RSV through network pharmacology and metabolomics. METHODS In this study, based on network pharmacology, potential targets related to LJF and RSV were obtained from PubChem and Swiss Target Prediction. The core targets and pathways were established and verified by enrichment analysis and molecular docking. The anti-RSV efficacy of LJF was determined by in vitro experiments. Additionally, metabolomics analysis was integrated, allowing for the identification of differential metabolites and their correlation with targets following LJF treatment in the context of RSV infection. RESULTS A total of 23 active ingredients and 780 targets were obtained, of which 102 targets were associated with LJF anti-RSV. The construction of the corresponding Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network unveiled potential core targets, including STAT3, TNF, and AKT1. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that LJF's anti-RSV effects primarily involve key pathways such as the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance, and FoxO signaling pathway. Molecular docking showed that ZINC03978781, 4,5'-Retro-.beta.,.beta.-Carotene -3,3'-dione, 4',5'-didehydro and 7-epi-Vogeloside had better binding ability. The cellular assay showed that the therapeutic index of LJF against RSV was 4.79. Furthermore, 18 metabolites were screened as potential biomarkers of LJF against RSV, and these metabolites were mainly involved in the pathways of purine metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, alpha-linolenic acid metabolism, and other related pathways. CONCLUSIONS The intergration of network pharmacology and metabolomics can clarify the active targets and related pathways of LJF against RSV, which could provide a valuable reference for further research and clinical application of LJF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ding
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Yaxuan Du
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 117004, China
| | - Yuhong Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.
| | - Ping Wang
- Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Haitao Du
- Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China.
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11
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See KC. Vaccination for Respiratory Syncytial Virus: A Narrative Review and Primer for Clinicians. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1809. [PMID: 38140213 PMCID: PMC10747850 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11121809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) poses a significant burden on public health, causing lower respiratory tract infections in infants, young children, older adults, and immunocompromised individuals. Recent development and licensure of effective RSV vaccines provide a promising approach to lessening the associated morbidity and mortality of severe infections. This narrative review aims to empower clinicians with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions regarding RSV vaccination, focusing on the prevention and control of RSV infections, especially among vulnerable populations. The paper explores the available RSV vaccines and existing evidence regarding their efficacy and safety in diverse populations. Synthesizing this information for clinicians can help the latter understand the benefits and considerations associated with RSV vaccination, contributing to improved patient care and public health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay Choong See
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore 119228, Singapore
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Meister TL, Friesland M, Frericks N, Wetzke M, Haid S, Steinmann J, Todt D, Pietschmann T, Steinmann E. Virucidal activity of oral, hand, and surface disinfectants against respiratory syncytial virus. J Hosp Infect 2023; 141:25-32. [PMID: 37625461 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2023.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is known as a major cause of respiratory tract infection in adults and children. Human-to-human transmission occurs via droplets as well as direct and indirect contact (e.g. contaminated surfaces or hands of medical staff). Therefore, applicable hygiene measures and knowledge about viral inactivation are of utmost importance. AIM To elucidate the disinfection profile of RSV. METHODS The study evaluated the virucidal efficacy of oral rinses specifically designed for children, World Health Organization (WHO)-recommended hand-rub formulations, and ethanol, as well as 2-propanol against RSV in a quantitative suspension test (EN14476). The stability of RSV on stainless steel discs was assessed and its inactivation by different surface disinfectants (EN16777) investigated. FINDINGS All tested oral rinses except one reduced infectious viral titres to the lower limit of quantification. The two WHO-recommended hand-rub formulations as well as 30% ethanol and 2-propanol completely abolished the detection of infectious virus. Infectious RSV was recovered after several days on stainless steel discs. However, RSV was efficiently inactivated by all tested surface disinfectants based on alcohol, aldehyde, or hydrogen peroxide. CONCLUSION Oral rinses, all tested hand-rub formulations as well as surface inactivation reagents were sufficient for RSV inactivation in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Meister
- Department for Molecular & Medical Virology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - M Friesland
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - N Frericks
- Department for Molecular & Medical Virology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - M Wetzke
- Clinic for Paediatric Pneumology, Allergology, and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - S Haid
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - J Steinmann
- Institute of Clinical Hygiene, Medical Microbiology and Infectiology, General Hospital Nürnberg, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany; Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - D Todt
- Department for Molecular & Medical Virology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany; European Virus Bioinformatics Center (EVBC), Jena, Germany
| | - T Pietschmann
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany; Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - E Steinmann
- Department for Molecular & Medical Virology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), External Partner Site, Bochum, Germany.
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