1
|
Naseri S, Rosenberg‐Hasson Y, Maecker HT, Avrutsky MI, Blumenthal PD. A cross-sectional study comparing the inflammatory profile of menstrual effluent vs. peripheral blood. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1038. [PMID: 36620506 PMCID: PMC9813904 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Cytokine profiles of peripheral blood and other bodily fluids provide diagnostic indicators for assessing inflammatory processes. Menstrual effluent may provide a noninvasive source of biological material for monitoring cytokine levels in blood and in endometrial tissues. This pilot study investigated the potential of measuring cytokines in menstrual effluent, and compared the cytokine profiles of menstrual versus peripheral blood. Methods Seven healthy donors (aged ≥18 and ≤45 years) collected menstrual effluent on day 2 of menses. Matched peripheral blood samples were collected by venous blood draw on the same day. Levels of 62 cytokines were measured in all samples by 62-plex Luminex assay. Results Peripheral blood and menstrual effluent cytokine profiles were tenuously correlated (r 2 = 0.26, p < 0.0001), with higher levels detected in menstrual effluent for 48/62 cytokines. Thirty five cytokines were significantly elevated in menstrual effluent compared to peripheral blood samples (IL-8, CCL2, CCL4, LIF, IL-1RA, IL-6, IL-1β, HGF, CCL3, FGF-2, TNF-α, VEGF-A, IL-1α, CXCL1, IL-9, IL-10, EGF, CXCL5, CSF3, EOTAXIN, TGF-α, TRAIL, CXCL10, VEGF-D, IL-12P40, CXCL9, IL-18 RESISTIN, IL-22, IL-21, CSF1, IFN-γ, IL-17A, CXCL12, IL-12p70). Two cytokines (LEPTIN, CSF2) were expressed at significantly lower levels in menstrual effluent compared to peripheral blood. Linear regression of individual cytokines found low predictive power (linear regression p > 0.05) for 53/62 cytokines in menstrual effluent versus peripheral blood. Levels of TGF-β (r 2 = 0.87, p = 0.002) and CCL7 (r 2 = 0.63, p = 0.033) were significantly positively correlated between matched menstrual and peripheral blood samples. Conclusion In this group of study participants, the cytokine profile of menstrual effluent was quantitatively distinct from peripheral blood, and also characterized by higher levels of inflammatory signaling. This pattern of comparative menstrual blood cytokine profiles points to a need for further studies to evaluate the relationship between peripheral and menstrual blood cytokines in broader populations including both healthy and diseased states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Naseri
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
- Qurasense Inc.Menlo ParkCaliforniaUSA
| | - Yael Rosenberg‐Hasson
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Holden T. Maecker
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Paul D. Blumenthal
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dynamics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Specific and Nonspecific Immune Responses in Women with Tuberculosis Infection during Pregnancy. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0117822. [PMID: 35969076 PMCID: PMC9603000 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01178-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune control of tuberculosis (TB) infection could be influenced by pregnancy. To elucidate this, we longitudinally characterized Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)-specific and nonspecific immune responses in women during pregnancy and postpartum. HIV-uninfected women without past or current active TB, and with blood samples available from the 1st/2nd trimester, 3rd trimester, and 9 months postpartum, were identified at Ethiopian antenatal care clinics. Twenty-two TB+ women and 10 TB- women, defined according to Mtb-stimulated interferon-γ levels (≥0.35 and <0.20 IU/mL, respectively, in the Quantiferon-TB Gold-Plus assay), were included in the study. Longitudinal dynamics of six cytokines (IL-1ra, IL-2, IP-10, MCP-2, MCP-3, and TGF-β1) were analyzed in supernatants from Mtb-stimulated and unstimulated whole blood. In TB+ women, Mtb-specific expression of IL-2 and IP-10 was higher at 3rd compared to 1st/2nd trimester (median 139 pg/mL versus 62 pg/mL, P = 0.006; 4,999 pg/mL versus 2,310 pg/mL, P = 0.031, respectively), whereas level of Mtb-triggered TGF-β1 was lower at 3rd compared to 1st/2nd trimester (-6.8 ng/mL versus 2.3 ng/mL, P = 0.020). Unstimulated IL-2, IP-10, and MCP-2 levels were increased postpartum, compared with those noted during pregnancy, in TB+ women. Additionally, postpartum levels of proinflammatory cytokines in unstimulated blood were higher in TB+ women, than in TB- women. None of the women developed active TB during follow-up. Taken together, dynamic changes of Mtb-specific cytokine expression revealed during the 3rd trimester in TB+ women indicate increased Mtb-antigen stimulation at later stages of pregnancy. This could reflect elevated bacterial activity, albeit without transition to active TB, during pregnancy. IMPORTANCE Tuberculosis (TB) is globally one of the most common causes of death, and a quarter of the world's population is estimated to have TB infection. The risk of active TB is increased in connection to pregnancy, a phenomenon that could be due to physiological immune changes. Here, we studied the effect of pregnancy on immune responses triggered in HIV-uninfected women with TB infection, by analyzing blood samples obtained longitudinally during pregnancy and after childbirth. We found that the dynamics of Mtb-specific and nonspecific immune responses changed during pregnancy, especially in later stages of pregnancy, although none of the women followed in this study developed active TB. This suggests that incipient TB, with elevated bacterial activity, occurs during pregnancy, but progression of infection appears to be counteracted by Mtb-specific immune responses. Thus, this study sheds light on immune control of TB during pregnancy, which could be of importance for future intervention strategies.
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang S, Ding J, Zhang Y, Liu S, Yang J, Yin T. Regulation and Function of Chemokines at the Maternal–Fetal Interface. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:826053. [PMID: 35938162 PMCID: PMC9354654 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.826053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful pregnancy requires the maternal immune system to tolerate the semi-allogeneic embryo. A good trophoblast function is also essential for successful embryo implantation and subsequent placental development. Chemokines are initially described in recruiting leukocytes. There are rich chemokines and chemokine receptor system at the maternal–fetal interface. Numerous studies have reported that they not only regulate trophoblast biological behaviors but also participate in the decidual immune response. At the same time, the chemokine system builds an important communication network between fetally derived trophoblast cells and maternally derived decidual cells. However, abnormal functions of chemokines or chemokine receptors are involved in a series of pregnancy complications. As growing evidence points to the roles of chemokines in pregnancy, there is a great need to summarize the available data on this topic. This review aimed to describe the recent research progress on the regulation and function of the main chemokines in pregnancy at the maternal–fetal interface. In addition, we also discussed the potential relationship between chemokines and pregnancy complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sainan Zhang
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University & Hubei Clinic Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinli Ding
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University & Hubei Clinic Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Su Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Su Liu, ; Jing Yang, ; Tailang Yin,
| | - Jing Yang
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University & Hubei Clinic Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Su Liu, ; Jing Yang, ; Tailang Yin,
| | - Tailang Yin
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University & Hubei Clinic Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Su Liu, ; Jing Yang, ; Tailang Yin,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
The Role of Selected Chemokines in the Peritoneal Fluid of Women with Endometriosis—Participation in the Pathogenesis of the Disease. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9122229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a disorder characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity, primarily into the peritoneal cavity. It is known as a complex, chronic inflammatory disease and it is strongly associated with immune dysregulation. Various soluble mediators of the immune and inflammatory responses, including chemokines, play an important role in these processes. The aim of the study was to understand the role of the chemokines MCP-1, MCP-2, MCP-3, MCP-4, MIP-1 α, MIP-1β, eotaxin 2, eotaxin 3, ENA-78, and fractalkine in the development of endometriosis through their assessment in the peritoneal fluid of women with endometriosis. The study group included 58 women with endometriosis who were diagnosed during laparoscopy and then confirmed by histopathology. In 15 women from the reference group, laparoscopic examination demonstrated a normal status of the pelvic organs without any evidence of endometriosis nor inflammation in the peritoneal cavity. The peritoneal fluid of women with endometriosis and of women from the reference group were examined. To determine the concentration of the studied chemokines, enzyme immunoassays for Luminex® platforms were used. In the peritoneal fluid of women with endometriosis, a statistically significant increase in the concentration of MIP-1β, eotaxin 2, eotaxin 3, ENA-78, and fractalkine and a decrease in the concentration of MCP-1, MCP-2, MCP-3, MCP-4, and MIP-1α were observed compared to the reference group. The concentration of these cytokines depended on the severity of the disease. Changes in the concentration of the studied chemokines in the peritoneal fluid of women with endometriosis suggest their participation in the pathogenesis of the disease. The differences in chemokines concentration observed in different stages of endometriosis may be associated with the presence of inflammation in the peritoneal cavity at each step of disease development.
Collapse
|
5
|
Jung E, Romero R, Yoon BH, Theis KR, Gudicha DW, Tarca AL, Diaz-Primera R, Winters AD, Gomez-Lopez N, Yeo L, Hsu CD. Bacteria in the amniotic fluid without inflammation: early colonization vs. contamination. J Perinat Med 2021; 49:1103-1121. [PMID: 34229367 PMCID: PMC8570988 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2021-0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Intra-amniotic infection, defined by the presence of microorganisms in the amniotic cavity, is often accompanied by intra-amniotic inflammation. Occasionally, laboratories report the growth of bacteria or the presence of microbial nucleic acids in amniotic fluid in the absence of intra-amniotic inflammation. This study was conducted to determine the clinical significance of the presence of bacteria in amniotic fluid samples in the absence of intra-amniotic inflammation. METHODS A retrospective cross-sectional study included 360 patients with preterm labor and intact membranes who underwent transabdominal amniocentesis for evaluation of the microbial state of the amniotic cavity as well as intra-amniotic inflammation. Cultivation techniques were used to isolate microorganisms, and broad-range polymerase chain reaction coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (PCR/ESI-MS) was utilized to detect the nucleic acids of bacteria, viruses, and fungi. RESULTS Patients whose amniotic fluid samples evinced microorganisms but did not indicate inflammation had a similar perinatal outcome to those without microorganisms or inflammation [amniocentesis-to-delivery interval (p=0.31), spontaneous preterm birth before 34 weeks (p=0.83), acute placental inflammatory lesions (p=1), and composite neonatal morbidity (p=0.8)]. CONCLUSIONS The isolation of microorganisms from a sample of amniotic fluid in the absence of intra-amniotic inflammation is indicative of a benign condition, which most likely represents contamination of the specimen during the collection procedure or laboratory processing rather than early colonization or infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eunjung Jung
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA,Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA,Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, USA,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Bo Hyun Yoon
- BioMedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kevin R. Theis
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Dereje W. Gudicha
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Adi L. Tarca
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA,Department of Computer Science, College of Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Ramiro Diaz-Primera
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Andrew D. Winters
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Nardhy Gomez-Lopez
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Lami Yeo
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Chaur-Dong Hsu
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA,Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hong S, Park KH, Kim YM, Lee YE, Park Y, Lee JE. A Protein Microarray Analysis of Plasma Proteins for the Prediction of Spontaneous Preterm Delivery in Women with Preterm Labor. Reprod Sci 2020; 27:1187-1196. [PMID: 32046457 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-019-00114-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to identify novel biomarkers in maternal plasma that predict spontaneous preterm delivery (SPTD) in women with preterm labor (PTL) using an antibody microarray and to develop the best prediction model for SPTD based on these biomarkers in combination with clinical and ultrasound factors. This retrospective cohort study included 215 women with singleton pregnancies and PTL (23-33 weeks) who gave plasma samples. In a nested case-control study design, plasma proteomes from SPTD (case subjects, n = 15) and term delivery (control subjects, n = 15) groups were differentially profiled using a membrane-based antibody microarray. Six candidate biomarkers of interest were validated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the total cohort (n = 215). Cervical lengths were also measured. The primary outcome measure was SPTD within 48 h after sampling. Twenty of the molecules studied displayed significant intergroup differences. Validation by ELISA confirmed significantly higher levels of plasma endostatin and lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) in women who had SPTD within 48 h than in those delivering after 48 h. However, plasma macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α levels were significantly lower in women who delivered within 48 h. A combined model was developed to predict SPTD within 48 h using a stepwise regression procedure, which included plasma endostatin and LBP levels, nulliparity, and cervical length (area under the curve = 0.920). Plasma LBP, endostatin, and MIP-1α are potential new biomarkers for predicting imminent SPTD and a combined noninvasive model based on these biomarkers and clinical and ultrasound factors can accurately predict imminent SPTD in women with PTL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subeen Hong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-ro 173 Beon-gil, Seongnam-si, Kyeonggido, 463-707, South Korea
| | - Kyo Hoon Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-ro 173 Beon-gil, Seongnam-si, Kyeonggido, 463-707, South Korea.
| | - Yu Mi Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-ro 173 Beon-gil, Seongnam-si, Kyeonggido, 463-707, South Korea
| | - Young Eun Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-ro 173 Beon-gil, Seongnam-si, Kyeonggido, 463-707, South Korea
| | - Yehyon Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-ro 173 Beon-gil, Seongnam-si, Kyeonggido, 463-707, South Korea
| | - Ji Eun Lee
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hypoxia inducible factor 1α in vascular smooth muscle cells promotes angiotensin II-induced vascular remodeling via activation of CCL7-mediated macrophage recruitment. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:544. [PMID: 31320613 PMCID: PMC6639417 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1757-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The process of vascular remodeling is associated with increased hypoxia. However, the contribution of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α), the key transcription factor mediating cellular hypoxic responses, to vascular remodeling is established, but not completely understood. In the angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced vascular remodeling model, HIF1α was increased and activated in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Selective genetic disruption of Hif1a in VSMCs markedly ameliorated Ang II-induced vascular remodeling, as revealed by decreased blood pressure, aortic thickness, collagen deposition, inflammation, and aortic stiffness. VSMC Hif1a deficiency also specifically suppressed Ang II-induced infiltration of CD45+CD11b+F4/80+CD206− M1 macrophages into the vessel. Mechanistically, HIF1α deficiency in VSMCs dramatically suppressed the expression of CCL7, a chemokine critical for macrophage recruitment. Bioinformatic analysis and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed three functional hypoxia-response elements in the Ccl7 promoter, indicating that Ccl7 is a direct HIF1α target gene. Blocking CCL7 with antibody in vivo alleviated Ang II-induced hypertension and vascular remodeling, coincident with decreased macrophage infiltration. This study provides direct evidence that HIF1α activation in VSMCs exacerbates Ang II-induced macrophage infiltration and resultant vascular remodeling via its target gene Ccl7, and thus may serve as a potential therapeutic target for remodeling-related vascular disease.
Collapse
|
8
|
Emodin Alleviates Liver Fibrosis of Mice by Reducing Infiltration of Gr1 hi Monocytes. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:5738101. [PMID: 29743924 PMCID: PMC5884281 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5738101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Emodin, as a major active component of Rheum palmatum L. and Polygonum cuspidatum, has been reported to have antifibrotic effect. However, the mechanism of emodin on antifibrotic effect for liver fibrosis was still obscure. In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether emodin can alleviate carbon tetrachloride- (CCl4-) induced liver fibrosis through reducing infiltration of Gr1hi monocytes. Liver fibrosis was induced by intraperitoneal CCl4 injection in mice. Mice in the emodin group received emodin treatment by gavage. Pretreatment with emodin significantly protected mice from liver inflammation and fibrosis revealed by the decreased elevation of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), as well as reduced hepatic necrosis and fibrosis by analysis of hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, Masson staining, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and collagen-I immunohistochemistry staining. Further, compared to CCl4 group, mice in the emodin group showed significantly less intrahepatic infiltration of Gr1hi monocytes. Moreover, emodin significantly inhibited hepatic expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), granulin (GRN), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), and chemokine ligand 7 (CCL7), which was in line with the decreased numbers of intrahepatic Gr1hi monocytes. In conclusion, emodin can alleviate the degree of liver fibrosis by reducing infiltration of Gr1hi monocytes. These results suggest that emodin is a promising candidate to prevent and treat liver fibrosis.
Collapse
|
9
|
Martinez-Varea A, Romero R, Xu Y, Miller D, Ahmed AI, Chaemsaithong P, Chaiyasit N, Yeo L, Shaman M, Lannaman K, Cher B, Hassan SS, Gomez-Lopez N. Clinical chorioamnionitis at term VII: the amniotic fluid cellular immune response. J Perinat Med 2017; 45:523-538. [PMID: 27763883 PMCID: PMC5624709 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2016-0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES 1) To characterize the cellular composition of the amniotic fluid of patients diagnosed with clinical chorioamnionitis at term, as a function of the presence or absence of microorganisms determined by cultivation techniques, and 2) to characterize the cytokine production by white blood cells present in the amniotic fluid using flow cytometry-based techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS Amniotic fluid samples from 20 women who had the diagnosis of clinical chorioamnionitis at term were analyzed using cultivation techniques (for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria as well as genital Mycoplasmas). Amniotic fluid IL-6 concentrations were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Amniotic fluid leukocytes were visualized by using hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunofluorescence. Immunophenotyping of surface markers and cytokines was performed in amniotic fluid leukocytes using flow cytometry. RESULTS 1) Neutrophils (CD45+CD15+ cells) were the most common leukocyte subset found in the amniotic fluid, followed by monocytes (CD45+CD14+ cells); other white blood cells (such as lymphocytes and natural killer cells) were scarce in the amniotic fluid; 2) the absolute counts of neutrophils and monocytes were significantly higher in patients with microorganisms found in the amniotic fluid than in those without detectable microorganisms, using cultivation techniques; 3) there was a significant correlation between the absolute counts of neutrophils and monocytes determined by flow cytometry (Spearman's correlation=0.97; P<0.001); 4) there was a significant correlation between the absolute white blood cell count determined with a hemocytometer chamber and by flow cytometric analysis (Spearman's correlation=0.88; P<0.001); and 5) the profile of cytokine expression differed between monocytes and neutrophils; while neutrophils predominantly produced TNF-α and MIP-1β, monocytes expressed higher levels of IL-1β and IL-1α. CONCLUSION Flow cytometry analysis of the amniotic fluid of patients with intra-amniotic infection and clinical chorioamnionitis at term demonstrated that neutrophils and monocytes are the most common cells participating in the inflammatory process. We have characterized, for the first time, the differential cytokine expression by these cells in this important complication of pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Martinez-Varea
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor,Michigan, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Yi Xu
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Derek Miller
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Ahmed I. Ahmed
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Piya Chaemsaithong
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Noppadol Chaiyasit
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Lami Yeo
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Majid Shaman
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Kia Lannaman
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Benjamin Cher
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Sonia S. Hassan
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Nardhy Gomez-Lopez
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Romero R, Chaemsaithong P, Chaiyasit N, Docheva N, Dong Z, Kim CJ, Kim YM, Kim JS, Qureshi F, Jacques SM, Yoon BH, Chaiworapongsa T, Yeo L, Hassan SS, Erez O, Korzeniewski SJ. CXCL10 and IL-6: Markers of two different forms of intra-amniotic inflammation in preterm labor. Am J Reprod Immunol 2017; 78. [PMID: 28544362 PMCID: PMC5488235 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Problem To determine whether amniotic fluid (AF) CXCL10 concentration is associated with histologic chronic chorioamnionitis in patients with preterm labor (PTL) and preterm prelabor rupture of the membranes (PROM). Method of Study This study included 168 women who had an episode of PTL or preterm PROM. AF interleukin (IL)‐6 and CXCL10 concentrations were determined by immunoassay. Results (i) Increased AF CXCL10 concentration was associated with chronic (OR: 4.8; 95% CI: 1.7‐14), but not acute chorioamnionitis; (ii) increased AF IL‐6 concentration was associated with acute (OR: 4.2; 95% CI: 1.3‐13.7) but not chronic chorioamnionitis; and (iii) an increase in AF CXCL10 concentration was associated with placental lesions consistent with maternal anti‐fetal rejection (OR: 3.7; 95% CI: 1.3‐10.4). (iv) All patients with elevated AF CXCL10 and IL‐6 delivered preterm. Conclusion Increased AF CXCL10 concentration is associated with chronic chorioamnionitis or maternal anti‐fetal rejection, whereas increased AF IL‐6 concentration is associated with acute histologic chorioamnionitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.,Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Piya Chaemsaithong
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Noppadol Chaiyasit
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Nikolina Docheva
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Zhong Dong
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Chong Jai Kim
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon Mee Kim
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Pathology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Jung-Sun Kim
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Faisal Qureshi
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Pathology, Hutzel Women's Hospital, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Suzanne M Jacques
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Pathology, Hutzel Women's Hospital, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Bo Hyun Yoon
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tinnakorn Chaiworapongsa
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Lami Yeo
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Sonia S Hassan
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Offer Erez
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Steven J Korzeniewski
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bränn E, Papadopoulos F, Fransson E, White R, Edvinsson Å, Hellgren C, Kamali-Moghaddam M, Boström A, Schiöth HB, Sundström-Poromaa I, Skalkidou A. Inflammatory markers in late pregnancy in association with postpartum depression-A nested case-control study. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2017; 79:146-159. [PMID: 28285186 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies indicate that the immune system adaptation during pregnancy could play a significant role in the pathophysiology of perinatal depression. The aim of this study was to investigate if inflammation markers in a late pregnancy plasma sample can predict the presence of depressive symptoms at eight weeks postpartum. Blood samples from 291 pregnant women (median and IQR for days to delivery, 13 and 7-23days respectively) comprising 63 individuals with postpartum depressive symptoms, as assessed by the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale (EPDS≥12) and/or the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.) and 228 controls were analyzed with an inflammation protein panel using multiplex proximity extension assay technology, comprising of 92 inflammation-associated markers. A summary inflammation variable was also calculated. Logistic regression, LASSO and Elastic net analyses were implemented. Forty markers were lower in late pregnancy among women with depressive symptoms postpartum. The difference remained statistically significant for STAM-BP (or otherwise AMSH), AXIN-1, ADA, ST1A1 and IL-10, after Bonferroni correction. The summary inflammation variable was ranked as the second best variable, following personal history of depression, in predicting depressive symptoms postpartum. The protein-level findings for STAM-BP and ST1A1 were validated in relation to methylation status of loci in the respective genes in a different population, using openly available data. This explorative approach revealed differences in late pregnancy levels of inflammation markers between women presenting with depressive symptoms postpartum and controls, previously not described in the literature. Despite the fact that the results do not support the use of a single inflammation marker in late pregnancy for assessing risk of postpartum depression, the use of STAM-BP or the novel notion of a summary inflammation variable developed in this work might be used in combination with other biological markers in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Bränn
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Emma Fransson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Åsa Edvinsson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Hellgren
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Masood Kamali-Moghaddam
- Department of Immunology, Genetics & Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Adrian Boström
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Helgi B Schiöth
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | | | - Alkistis Skalkidou
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sweeney EL, Dando SJ, Kallapur SG, Knox CL. The Human Ureaplasma Species as Causative Agents of Chorioamnionitis. Clin Microbiol Rev 2017; 30:349-379. [PMID: 27974410 PMCID: PMC5217797 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00091-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The human Ureaplasma species are the most frequently isolated microorganisms from the amniotic fluid and placentae of women who deliver preterm and are also associated with spontaneous abortions or miscarriages, neonatal respiratory diseases, and chorioamnionitis. Despite the fact that these microorganisms have been habitually found within placentae of pregnancies with chorioamnionitis, the role of Ureaplasma species as a causative agent has not been satisfactorily explained. There is also controversy surrounding their role in disease, particularly as not all women infected with Ureaplasma spp. develop chorioamnionitis. In this review, we provide evidence that Ureaplasma spp. are associated with diseases of pregnancy and discuss recent findings which demonstrate that Ureaplasma spp. are associated with chorioamnionitis, regardless of gestational age at the time of delivery. Here, we also discuss the proposed major virulence factors of Ureaplasma spp., with a focus on the multiple-banded antigen (MBA), which may facilitate modulation/alteration of the host immune response and potentially explain why only subpopulations of infected women experience adverse pregnancy outcomes. The information presented within this review confirms that Ureaplasma spp. are not simply "innocent bystanders" in disease and highlights that these microorganisms are an often underestimated pathogen of pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Sweeney
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Samantha J Dando
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Suhas G Kallapur
- Division of Neonatology, the Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Christine L Knox
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Polettini J, Cobo T, Kacerovsky M, Vinturache AE, Laudanski P, Peelen MJCS, Helmer H, Lamont RF, Takeda J, Lapointe J, Torloni MR, Zhong N, Menon R. Biomarkers of spontaneous preterm birth: a systematic review of studies using multiplex analysis. J Perinat Med 2017; 45:71-84. [PMID: 27514075 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2016-0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite decades of research on risk indicators of spontaneous preterm birth (PTB), reliable biomarkers are still not available to screen or diagnose high-risk pregnancies. Several biomarkers in maternal and fetal compartments have been mechanistically linked to PTB, but none of them are reliable predictors of pregnancy outcome. This systematic review was conducted to synthesize the knowledge on PTB biomarkers identified using multiplex analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science) were searched for studies in any language reporting the use of multiplex assays for maternal biomarkers associated with PTB published from January 2005 to March 2014. RESULTS Retrieved citations (3631) were screened, and relevant studies (33) were selected for full-text reading. Ten studies were included in the review. Forty-two PTB-related proteins were reported, and RANTES and IL-10 (three studies) followed by MIP-1β, GM-CSF, Eotaxin, and TNF-RI (two studies) were reported more than once in maternal serum. However, results could not be combined due to heterogeneity in type of sample, study population, assay, and analysis methods. CONCLUSION By this systematic review, we conclude that multiplex assays are a potential technological advancement for identifying biomarkers of PTB, although no single or combination of biomarkers could be identified to predict PTB risk.
Collapse
|
14
|
Kuo CH, Collins AM, Boettner DR, Yang Y, Ono SJ. Role of CCL7 in Type I Hypersensitivity Reactions in Murine Experimental Allergic Conjunctivitis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 198:645-656. [PMID: 27956527 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Molecules that are necessary for ocular hypersensitivity reactions include the receptors CCR1 and CCR3; CCL7 is a ligand for these receptors. Therefore, we explored the role of CCL7 in mast cell activity and motility in vitro and investigated the requirement for CCL7 in a murine model of IgE-mediated allergic conjunctivitis. For mast cells treated with IgE and Ag, the presence of CCL7 synergistically enhanced degranulation and calcium influx. CCL7 also induced chemotaxis in mast cells. CCL7-deficient bone marrow-derived mast cells showed decreased degranulation following IgE and Ag treatment compared with wild-type bone marrow-derived mast cells, but there was no difference in degranulation when cells were activated via an IgE-independent pathway. In vivo, CCL7 was upregulated in conjunctival tissue during an OVA-induced allergic response. Notably, the early-phase clinical symptoms in the conjunctiva after OVA challenge were significantly higher in OVA-sensitized wild-type mice than in control challenged wild-type mice; the increase was suppressed in CCL7-deficient mice. In the OVA-induced allergic response, the numbers of conjunctival mast cells were lower in CCL7-deficient mice than in wild-type mice. Our results demonstrate that CCL7 is required for maximal OVA-induced ocular anaphylaxis, mast cell recruitment in vivo, and maximal FcεRI-mediated mast cell activation in vitro. A better understanding of the role of CCL7 in mediating ocular hypersensitivity reactions will provide insights into mast cell function and novel treatments for allergic ocular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Hui Kuo
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229; and
| | - Andrea M Collins
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229; and
| | - Douglas R Boettner
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229; and
| | - YanFen Yang
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229; and
| | - Santa J Ono
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229; and .,University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kim CJ, Romero R, Chaemsaithong P, Chaiyasit N, Yoon BH, Kim YM. Acute chorioamnionitis and funisitis: definition, pathologic features, and clinical significance. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2015; 213:S29-52. [PMID: 26428501 PMCID: PMC4774647 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2015.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 599] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Acute inflammatory lesions of the placenta consist of diffuse infiltration of neutrophils at different sites in the organ. These lesions include acute chorioamnionitis, funisitis, and chorionic vasculitis and represent a host response (maternal or fetal) to a chemotactic gradient in the amniotic cavity. While acute chorioamnionitis is evidence of a maternal host response, funisitis and chorionic vasculitis represent fetal inflammatory responses. Intraamniotic infection generally has been considered to be the cause of acute chorioamnionitis and funisitis; however, recent evidence indicates that "sterile" intraamniotic inflammation, which occurs in the absence of demonstrable microorganisms induced by "danger signals," is frequently associated with these lesions. In the context of intraamniotic infection, chemokines (such as interleukin-8 and granulocyte chemotactic protein) establish a gradient that favors the migration of neutrophils from the maternal or fetal circulation into the chorioamniotic membranes or umbilical cord, respectively. Danger signals that are released during the course of cellular stress or cell death can also induce the release of neutrophil chemokines. The prevalence of chorioamnionitis is a function of gestational age at birth, and present in 3-5% of term placentas and in 94% of placentas delivered at 21-24 weeks of gestation. The frequency is higher in patients with spontaneous labor, preterm labor, clinical chorioamnionitis (preterm or term), or ruptured membranes. Funisitis and chorionic vasculitis are the hallmarks of the fetal inflammatory response syndrome, a condition characterized by an elevation in the fetal plasma concentration of interleukin-6, and associated with the impending onset of preterm labor, a higher rate of neonatal morbidity (after adjustment for gestational age), and multiorgan fetal involvement. This syndrome is the counterpart of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome in adults: a risk factor for short- and long-term complications (ie, sterile inflammation in fetuses, neonatal sepsis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, periventricular leukomalacia, and cerebral palsy). This article reviews the definition, pathogenesis, grading and staging, and clinical significance of the most common lesions in placental disease. Illustrations of the lesions and diagrams of the mechanisms of disease are provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chong Jai Kim
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea; Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI; Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI.
| | - Piya Chaemsaithong
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Noppadol Chaiyasit
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Bo Hyun Yoon
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon Mee Kim
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI; Department of Pathology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chaemsaithong P, Romero R, Korzeniewski SJ, Martinez-Varea A, Dong Z, Yoon BH, Hassan SS, Chaiworapongsa T, Yeo L. A rapid interleukin-6 bedside test for the identification of intra-amniotic inflammation in preterm labor with intact membranes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2015; 29:349-59. [PMID: 25758618 PMCID: PMC4776723 DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2015.1006620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Preterm birth is associated with 5–18% of pregnancies and is the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Amniotic fluid (AF) interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a key cytokine for the identification of intra-amniotic inflammation, and patients with an elevated AF IL-6 are at risk for impending preterm delivery. However, results of the conventional method of measurement (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; ELISA) are usually not available in time to inform care. The objective of this study was to determine whether a point of care (POC) test or lateral-flow-based immunoassay for measurement of AF IL-6 concentrations can identify patients with intra-amniotic inflammation and/or infection and those destined to deliver spontaneously before term among women with preterm labor and intact membranes. Methods: One-hundred thirty-six women with singleton pregnancies who presented with symptoms of preterm labor and underwent amniocentesis were included in this study. Amniocentesis was performed at the time of diagnosis of preterm labor. AF Gram stain and AF white blood cell counts were determined. Microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity (MIAC) was defined according to the results of AF culture (aerobic and anaerobic as well as genital mycoplasmas). AF IL-6 concentrations were determined by both lateral flow-based immunoassay and ELISA. The primary outcome was intra-amniotic inflammation, defined as AF ELISA IL-6 ≥ 2600 pg/ml. Results: (1) AF IL-6 concentrations determined by a POC test have high sensitivity (93%), specificity (91%) and a positive likelihood ratio of 10 for the identification of intra-amniotic inflammation by using a threshold of 745 pg/ml; (2) the POC test and ELISA for IL-6 perform similarly in the identification of MIAC, acute inflammatory lesions of placenta and patients at risk of impending spontaneous preterm delivery. Conclusion: A POC AF IL-6 test can identify intra-amniotic inflammation in women who present with preterm labor and intact membranes and those who will subsequently deliver spontaneously before 34 weeks of gestation. Results can be available within 20 min – this has important clinical implications and opens avenues for early diagnosis as well as treatment of intra-amniotic inflammation/infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piya Chaemsaithong
- a Division of Intramural Research , Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH , Bethesda, MD and Detroit , MI , USA .,b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Roberto Romero
- a Division of Intramural Research , Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH , Bethesda, MD and Detroit , MI , USA .,c Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA .,d Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , Michigan State University , East Lansing , MI , USA , and
| | - Steven J Korzeniewski
- a Division of Intramural Research , Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH , Bethesda, MD and Detroit , MI , USA .,b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University , Detroit , MI , USA .,d Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , Michigan State University , East Lansing , MI , USA , and
| | - Alicia Martinez-Varea
- a Division of Intramural Research , Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH , Bethesda, MD and Detroit , MI , USA .,b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Zhong Dong
- a Division of Intramural Research , Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH , Bethesda, MD and Detroit , MI , USA .,b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Bo Hyun Yoon
- e Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
| | - Sonia S Hassan
- a Division of Intramural Research , Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH , Bethesda, MD and Detroit , MI , USA .,b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Tinnakorn Chaiworapongsa
- a Division of Intramural Research , Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH , Bethesda, MD and Detroit , MI , USA .,b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Lami Yeo
- a Division of Intramural Research , Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH , Bethesda, MD and Detroit , MI , USA .,b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University , Detroit , MI , USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Conde-Agudelo A, Romero R. Prediction of preterm birth in twin gestations using biophysical and biochemical tests. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2014; 211:583-95. [PMID: 25072736 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2014.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the performance of biophysical and biochemical tests for the prediction of preterm birth in both asymptomatic and symptomatic women with twin gestations. We identified a total of 19 tests proposed to predict preterm birth, mainly in asymptomatic women. In these women, a single measurement of cervical length with transvaginal ultrasound before 25 weeks of gestation appears to be a good test to predict preterm birth. Its clinical potential is enhanced by the evidence that vaginal progesterone administration in asymptomatic women with twin gestations and a short cervix reduces neonatal morbidity and mortality associated with spontaneous preterm delivery. Other tests proposed for the early identification of asymptomatic women at increased risk of preterm birth showed minimal to moderate predictive accuracy. None of the tests evaluated in this review meet the criteria to be considered clinically useful to predict preterm birth among patients with an episode of preterm labor. However, a negative cervicovaginal fetal fibronectin test could be useful in identifying women who are not at risk for delivering within the next week, which could avoid unnecessary hospitalization and treatment. This review underscores the need to develop accurate tests for predicting preterm birth in twin gestations. Moreover, the use of interventions in these patients based on test results should be associated with the improvement of perinatal outcomes.
Collapse
|
18
|
Du MR, Wang SC, Li DJ. The integrative roles of chemokines at the maternal-fetal interface in early pregnancy. Cell Mol Immunol 2014; 11:438-48. [PMID: 25109684 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2014.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryos express paternal antigens that are foreign to the mother, but the mother provides a special immune milieu at the fetal-maternal interface to permit rather than reject the embryo growth in the uterus until parturition by establishing precise crosstalk between the mother and the fetus. There are unanswered questions in the maintenance of pregnancy, including the poorly understood phenomenon of maternal tolerance to the allogeneic conceptus, and the remarkable biological roles of placental trophoblasts that invade the uterine wall. Chemokines are multifunctional molecules initially described as having a role in leukocyte trafficking and later found to participate in developmental processes such as differentiation and directed migration. It is increasingly evident that the gestational uterine microenvironment is characterized, at least in part, by the differential expression and secretion of chemokines that induce selective trafficking of leukocyte subsets to the maternal-fetal interface and regulate multiple events that are closely associated with normal pregnancy. Here, we review the expression and function of chemokines and their receptors at the maternal-fetal interface, with a special focus on chemokine as a key component in trophoblast invasiveness and placental angiogenesis, recruitment and instruction of immune cells so as to form a fetus-supporting milieu during pregnancy. The chemokine network is also involved in pregnancy complications.
Collapse
|
19
|
Saban DR, Calder V, Kuo CH, Reyes NJ, Dartt DA, Ono SJ, Niederkorn JY. New twists to an old story: novel concepts in the pathogenesis of allergic eye disease. Curr Eye Res 2013; 38:317-30. [PMID: 23281793 DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2012.747617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of allergy is rising globally at a very significant rate, which is currently at 20-40% of individuals in westernized nations. In the eye, allergic conditions can take on the acute form such as in seasonal and perennial allergic conjunctivitis, or a more severe and debilitating chronic form such as in vernal and atopic keratoconjunctivitis. Indeed, some key aspects of allergic eye disease pathophysiology are understood, such as the role of mast cells in the acute allergic reaction, and the contribution of eosinophils in late-onset and chronic allergy. However, recent developments in animal models and clinical studies have uncovered new and important roles for previously underappreciated players, including chemokine receptors on ocular surface dendritic cells such as CCR7, the contribution of conjunctival epithelium to immunity, histamine and leukotriene receptors on conjunctival goblet cells and a role for mast cells in late-onset manifestations. Furthermore, recent work in animal models has delineated the contribution of IL-4 in the increased incidence of corneal graft rejection in hosts with allergic conjunctivitis. Recent studies such as these mean that conventional paradigms and concepts should be revisited. The aim of this review is to highlight some of the most recent advances and insights on newly appreciated players in the pathogenesis of allergic eye disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Saban
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lenis AT, Kuang M, Woo LL, Hijaz A, Penn MS, Butler RS, Rackley R, Damaser MS, Wood HM. Impact of parturition on chemokine homing factor expression in the vaginal distention model of stress urinary incontinence. J Urol 2012; 189:1588-94. [PMID: 23022009 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.09.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Human childbirth simulated by vaginal distention is known to increase the expression of chemokines and receptors involved in stem cell homing and tissue repair. We hypothesized that pregnancy and parturition in rats contributes to the expression of chemokines and receptors after vaginal distention. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used 72 age matched female Lewis rats, including virgin rats with and without vaginal distention, and delivered rats with and without vaginal distention. Each rat was sacrificed immediately, or 3 or 7 days after vaginal distention and/or parturition, and the urethra was harvested. Relative expression of chemokines and receptors was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Mixed models were used with the Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. RESULTS Vaginal distention up-regulated urethral expression of CCL7 immediately after injury in virgin and postpartum rats. Hypoxia inducible factor-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor were up-regulated only in virgin rats immediately after vaginal distention. CD191 expression was immediately up-regulated in postpartum rats without vaginal distention compared to virgin rats without vaginal distention. CD195 was up-regulated in virgin rats 3 days after vaginal distention compared to virgin rats without vaginal distention. CD193 and CXCR4 showed delayed up-regulation in virgin rats 7 days after vaginal distention. CXCL12 was up-regulated in virgin rats 3 days after vaginal distention compared to immediately after vaginal distention. Interleukin-8 and CD192 showed no differential expression. CONCLUSIONS Vaginal distention results in up-regulation of the chemokines and receptors expressed during tissue injury, which may facilitate the spontaneous functional recovery previously noted. Pregnancy and delivery up-regulated CD191 and attenuated the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor in the setting of vaginal distention, likely by decreasing hypoxia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Lenis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gomez-Lopez N, Laresgoiti-Servitje E, Olson DM, Estrada-Gutiérrez G, Vadillo-Ortega F. The Role of Chemokines in Term and Premature Rupture of the Fetal Membranes: A Review1. Biol Reprod 2010; 82:809-14. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.109.080432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
|
22
|
Struyf S, Proost P, Vandercappellen J, Dempe S, Noyens B, Nelissen S, Gouwy M, Locati M, Opdenakker G, Dinsart C, Van Damme J. Synergistic up-regulation of MCP-2/CCL8 activity is counteracted by chemokine cleavage, limiting its inflammatory and anti-tumoral effects. Eur J Immunol 2009; 39:843-57. [PMID: 19224633 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200838660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines mediate the inflammatory response by attracting various leukocyte types. MCP-2/CC chemokine ligand 8 (CCL8) was induced at only suboptimal levels in fibroblasts and endothelial cells by IL-1beta or IFN-gamma, unless these cytokines were combined. IFN-gamma also synergized with the TLR ligands peptidoglycan (TLR2), dsRNA (TLR3) or LPS (TLR4). Under these conditions, intact MCP-2/CCL8(1-76) produced by fibroblasts was found to be processed into MCP-2/CCL8(6-75), which lacked chemotactic activity for monocytic cells. Furthermore, the capacity of MCP-2/CCL8(6-75) to increase intracellular calcium levels through CCR1, CCR2, CCR3 and CCR5 was severely reduced. However, the truncated isoform still blocked these receptors for other ligands. MCP-2/CCL8(6-75) induced internalization of CCR2, inhibited MCP-1/CCL2 and MCP-2/CCL8 ERK signaling and antagonized the chemotactic activity of several CCR2 ligands (MCP-1/CCL2, MCP-2/CCL8, MCP-3/CCL7). In contrast to MCP-3/CCL7, parvoviral delivery of MCP-2/CCL8 into B78/H1 melanoma failed to inhibit tumor growth, partially due to proteolytic cleavage into inactive MCP-2/CCL8 missing five NH(2)-terminal residues. However, in an alternative tumor model, using HeLa cells, MCP-2/CCL8 retarded tumor development. These data indicate that optimal induction and delivery of MCP-2/CCL8 is counteracted by converting this chemokine into a receptor antagonist, thereby losing its anti-tumoral potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Struyf
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, K.U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Romero R, Espinoza J, Hassan S, Gotsch F, Kusanovic JP, Avila C, Erez O, Edwin S, Schmidt AM. Soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) and endogenous secretory RAGE (esRAGE) in amniotic fluid: modulation by infection and inflammation. J Perinat Med 2009; 36:388-98. [PMID: 18593373 DOI: 10.1515/jpm.2008.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) has been proposed to participate in the innate and adaptive immune responses. RAGE can induce production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, as well as neutrophil chemotaxis in a manner that may be suppressed or stimulated by soluble, truncated forms of RAGE including the soluble form of RAGE (sRAGE) and endogenous secretory RAGE (esRAGE). The objective of this study was to determine whether intra-amniotic infection/inflammation (IAI) is associated with changes in the amniotic fluid concentration of sRAGE and esRAGE. STUDY DESIGN Amniotic fluid (AF) was retrieved from patients in the following groups: 1) mid-trimester (14-18 weeks of gestation; n=68); 2) term not in labor (n=24); 3) term in labor (n=51); 4) preterm labor and intact membranes (n=124); and 5) preterm PROM (n=80). Intra-amniotic infection and inflammation were defined as the presence of a positive amniotic fluid culture for microorganisms and an AF interleukin-6 concentration >or=2.6 ng/mL, respectively. The AF concentration of sRAGE and esRAGE were determined using specific and sensitive ELISAs which measured total immunoreactive sRAGE and esRAGE, respectively. Patients were matched for gestational age at amniocentesis to compare the AF concentration of sRAGE and esRAGE in patients with and without IAI. Non-parametric statistics were used for analysis and a P<0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS 1) Patients at term not in labor had higher median AF concentrations of sRAGE and esRAGE than those in the mid-trimester (P<0.001 for both comparisons) and those at term in labor (P=0.03 and P=0.04, respectively); 2) patients with preterm labor and intact membranes with intra-amniotic infection/inflammation (IAI) had higher median AF concentrations of sRAGE and esRAGE than those without IAI (P=0.02 and P=0.005, respectively); 3) similarly, patients with preterm PROM with IAI had higher median AF concentrations of sRAGE and esRAGE than those without IAI (P=0.03 and P=0.02, respectively). CONCLUSION Intra-amniotic infection/inflammation is associated with increased amniotic fluid concentrations of sRAGE and esRAGE. Changes in the amniotic fluid concentration of sRAGE and esRAGE may represent part of the immune response to intra-amniotic infection/inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Nhan-Chang CL, Romero R, Kusanovic JP, Gotsch F, Edwin SS, Erez O, Mittal P, Kim CJ, Kim MJ, Espinoza J, Friel LA, Vaisbuch E, Than NG, Mazaki-Tovi S, Hassan SS. A role for CXCL13 (BCA-1) in pregnancy and intra-amniotic infection/inflammation. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2008; 21:763-75. [PMID: 19031272 PMCID: PMC3169890 DOI: 10.1080/14767050802244946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES CXCL13 is a potent chemokine, produced by mature and recently recruited macrophages to sites of inflammation, which has antimicrobial and anti-angiogenic properties. The purpose of this study was to: (1) determine whether CXCL13 is present in maternal serum, umbilical cord blood, and amniotic fluid (AF); (2) to determine if AF concentration changes with intra-amniotic infection/inflammation (IAI); and (3) to localize the production of CXCL13 in chorioamniotic membranes and umbilical cord. STUDY DESIGN A cross-sectional study on maternal serum was performed including patients in the following groups: (1) non-pregnant women (n = 20), (2) normal pregnant women (n = 49), (3) patients at term not in labor (n = 30), and (4) patients in spontaneous labor at term (n = 29). Umbilical cord blood was collected from term neonates with (n = 30) and without labor (n = 28). Amniotic fluid was obtained from patients in the following groups: (1) midtrimester (n = 65); (2) term not in labor (n = 22); (3) term in labor (n = 47); (4) preterm labor (PTL) with intact membranes leading to term delivery (n = 70); and (5) PTL leading to preterm delivery with IAI (n = 79) and without IAI (n = 60). CXCL13 concentrations were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Chorioamniotic membranes and umbilical cords were examined with immunohistochemistry. Non-parametric statistics were used for analysis. RESULTS (1) CXCL13 was present in 100% of serum and cord blood samples, and 99% of AF samples (339/343). (2) Serum CXCL13 concentration was significantly higher in pregnant women when compared to non-pregnant women (median 313.3 pg/mL (interquartile range (IQR) 197.2-646.9) vs. 40.5 pg/mL (IQR 29.5-93.5), respectively; p < 0.001). (3) Serum CXCL13 concentration decreased with advancing gestational age (Spearman's Rho = -0.424; p < 0.001). (4) There were no significant differences in the median serum CXCL13 concentration between women at term with and without labor (371.6 pg/mL (IQR 194.3-614.3) vs. 235.1 pg/mL (IQR 182.8-354.7), respectively; p = 0.6). (5) The concentration of CXCL13 in AF did not change with gestational age (p = 0.1). (6) Patients with PTL and delivery with IAI had a significantly higher median concentration of CXCL13 than those without IAI (median 513.2 pg/mL (IQR 199.7-2505.5) vs. 137.3 pg/mL (IQR 96.7-209.6), respectively; p < 0.001) and those who delivered at term (133.7 pg/mL (IQR 97.8-174.8); p < 0.001). (7) Spontaneous labor did not result in a change in the median AF concentration of CXCL13 (labor: 86.9 pg/mL (IQR 55.6-152.0) vs. no labor: 77.8 pg/mL (IQR 68.0-98.0); p = 0.8). (8) CXCL13 was immunolocalized to macrophages in fetal membranes and umbilical vein. CONCLUSIONS (1) We report for the first time the presence of CXCL13 in AF. (2) AF CXCL13 concentrations are dramatically increased in IAI. (3) Unlike other chemokines, AF and serum CXCL13 concentrations did not change with spontaneous parturition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ling Nhan-Chang
- Perinatology Research Branch, Intramural Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University/Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Detroit, MI
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Intramural Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Juan Pedro Kusanovic
- Perinatology Research Branch, Intramural Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI
| | - Francesca Gotsch
- Perinatology Research Branch, Intramural Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI
| | - Samuel S. Edwin
- Perinatology Research Branch, Intramural Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Offer Erez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University/Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Detroit, MI
| | - Pooja Mittal
- Perinatology Research Branch, Intramural Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University/Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Detroit, MI
| | - Chong Jai Kim
- Perinatology Research Branch, Intramural Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Mi Jeong Kim
- Perinatology Research Branch, Intramural Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Jimmy Espinoza
- Perinatology Research Branch, Intramural Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University/Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Detroit, MI
| | - Lara A. Friel
- Perinatology Research Branch, Intramural Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University/Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Detroit, MI
| | - Edi Vaisbuch
- Perinatology Research Branch, Intramural Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI
| | - Nandor Gabor Than
- Perinatology Research Branch, Intramural Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI
| | - Shali Mazaki-Tovi
- Perinatology Research Branch, Intramural Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University/Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Detroit, MI
| | - Sonia S. Hassan
- Perinatology Research Branch, Intramural Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University/Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Detroit, MI
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wood HM, Kuang M, Woo L, Hijaz A, Butler RS, Penn M, Rackley R, Damaser MS. Cytokine expression after vaginal distention of different durations in virgin Sprague-Dawley rats. J Urol 2008; 180:753-9. [PMID: 18554634 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2008.03.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2007] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the effect of the duration of vaginal distention on the differential expression of stem cell homing, tissue repair cytokines and cytokine receptors to identify the factors most important for recovery from injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 20, 10-week-old virgin Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups, including 1, 4 and 6-hour vaginal distention, and anesthetized sham operation. The vagina, bladder, urethra and rectum were harvested immediately after vaginal distention. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the relative expression of cytokines and receptors of interest. Mixed models analysis was used to determine associations between expression levels and vaginal distention duration. RESULTS Positive associations between vaginal distention duration and the urethral expression level were found for 1 of the receptors of monocyte chemotactic protein-3, CCR1 (p = 0.0001) as well as for monocyte chemotactic protein-3 (p = 0.025), CCR5 (p = 0.032) and hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha (p = 0.023). A positive relationship between vaginal distention duration and monocyte chemotactic protein-3 expression was also observed in rectal tissue (p = 0.035). Urethral expression of CCR2, another receptor for monocyte chemotactic protein-3, approached significance (p = 0.066). An inverse relationship between vaginal distention duration and interleukin-8 expression was found in the bladder (p = 0.0008). No association was noted between vaginal distention duration and the expression of stromal derived factor-1, CXCR4, CCR3 and vascular endothelial growth factor in any pelvic organs. CONCLUSIONS These data support a relationship between vaginal distention duration and the subsequent expression of monocyte chemotactic protein-3 and 1 of its associated receptors, CCR1, in the urethra immediately following vaginal distention. The increase in hypoxia-inducible factor1alpha expression in the urethra with prolonged vaginal distention suggests a limited role of tissue ischemia in the immediate response of pelvic organs to vaginal distention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hadley M Wood
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Hamill N, Romero R, Gotsch F, Kusanovic JP, Edwin S, Erez O, Than NG, Mittal P, Espinoza J, Friel LA, Vaisbuch E, Mazaki-Tovi S, Hassan SS. Exodus-1 (CCL20): evidence for the participation of this chemokine in spontaneous labor at term, preterm labor, and intrauterine infection. J Perinat Med 2008; 36:217-27. [PMID: 18576931 PMCID: PMC3182481 DOI: 10.1515/jpm.2008.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM CCL20, also known as MIP-3 alpha, is a chemokine that participates in chemotaxis of immature dendritic cells, effector/memory T-cells, and B-lymphocytes. The objectives of this study were to determine whether CCL20 can be detected in amniotic fluid (AF) and if AF concentration of this chemokine changes with advancing gestational age, parturition (term and preterm), and intra-amniotic infection/inflammation (IAI). METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted including the following groups: (1) mid-trimester of pregnancy (n=65); (2) term not in labor (TNL; n=22); (3) term in labor (TIL; n=47); (4) spontaneous preterm labor (PTL) who delivered at term (n=57); (5) spontaneous PTL without IAI who delivered preterm (n=71); and (6) spontaneous PTL with IAI (n=38). AF CCL20 concentrations were determined using ELISA. RESULTS (1) The median AF CCL20 concentration in TNL was higher than that of mid-trimester patients; (2) Women in spontaneous labor at term had a higher median AF concentration of CCL20 than patients at term not in labor; (3) Patients with spontaneous PTL and IAI had a significantly higher median AF concentration of CCL20 than those without IAI who delivered preterm and those who delivered at term. Moreover, women with spontaneous PTL without IAI who delivered preterm had a significantly higher median AF concentration than those with PTL who subsequently delivered at term. CONCLUSIONS (1) CCL20 is a physiologic constituent of AF and its concentration increases as term approaches; (2) spontaneous labor (term and preterm) in the absence of IAI is associated with increased bioavailability of AF CCL20 suggesting that an increase in CCL20 is part of the common pathway of human parturition; (3) patients with IAI had dramatic elevations in the AF CCL20 concentrations suggesting that this chemokine participates in the host response to infection or other stimuli associated with intra-amniotic infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neil Hamill
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University/Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Francesca Gotsch
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Juan Pedro Kusanovic
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Sam Edwin
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Offer Erez
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Nandor Gabor Than
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Pooja Mittal
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University/Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Jimmy Espinoza
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University/Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Lara A. Friel
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University/Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Edi Vaisbuch
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Shali Mazaki-Tovi
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University/Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Sonia S. Hassan
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University/Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Schenk S, Mal N, Finan A, Zhang M, Kiedrowski M, Popovic Z, McCarthy PM, Penn MS. Monocyte chemotactic protein-3 is a myocardial mesenchymal stem cell homing factor. Stem Cells 2006; 25:245-51. [PMID: 17053210 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2006-0293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
MSCs have received attention for their therapeutic potential in a number of disease states, including bone formation, diabetes, stem cell engraftment after marrow transplantation, graft-versus-host disease, and heart failure. Despite this diverse interest, the molecular signals regulating MSC trafficking to sites of injury are unclear. MSCs are known to transiently home to the freshly infarcted myocardium. To identify MSC homing factors, we determined chemokine expression pattern as a function of time after myocardial infarction (MI). We merged these profiles with chemokine receptors expressed on MSCs but not cardiac fibroblasts, which do not home after MI. This analysis identified monocyte chemotactic protein-3 (MCP-3) as a potential MSC homing factor. Overexpression of MCP-3 1 month after MI restored MSC homing to the heart. After serial infusions of MSCs, cardiac function improved in MCP-3-expressing hearts (88.7%, p < .001) but not in control hearts (8.6%, p = .47). MSC engraftment was not associated with differentiation into cardiac myocytes. Rather, MSC engraftment appeared to result in recruitment of myofibroblasts and remodeling of the collagen matrix. These data indicate that MCP-3 is an MSC homing factor; local overexpression of MCP-3 recruits MSCs to sites of injured tissue and improves cardiac remodeling independent of cardiac myocyte regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soren Schenk
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|