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Martínez-Pérez S, Sanchez-Rojas G, Galante E, Micó E. Saproxylic Cetoniidae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea): A 'Females' World' or a Question of Dependence on Deadwood? ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 49:288-295. [PMID: 31971240 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvz167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We explored the dependence of some Cetoniidae species on saproxylic environments and microhabitats in a Mediterranean oak forest by analyzing species collected using different kinds of traps-log emergence, hollow emergence, and interception traps-and the sex ratio of the species in each trap. Comparing the sex ratio of the species collected via emergence versus interception was useful to unravel the degree of dependence on saproxylic microhabitats. Among the species studied, Cetonia aurataeformis Curti, 1913 (Coleoptera: Cetoniidae) was the only obligate tree hollow inhabitant. Special attention should thus be paid to the maintenance of tree hollows for the species' conservation in Mediterranean forests. A gradient of dependence on tree hollows was established from the more dependent Protaetia (Potosia) cuprea (Fabricius, 1775) (Coleoptera: Cetoniidae) and Protaetia (Potosia) opaca (Fabricius, 1787) (Coleoptera: Cetoniidae) to the less dependent Protaetia (Netocia) morio (Fabricius, 1781) (Coleoptera: Cetoniidae). All the latter species can be considered facultatively dependent, to varying degrees, on tree hollows. By contrast, the saproxylic affinity of Protaetia (Netocia) oblonga (Gory and Percheron, 1833) (Coleoptera: Cetoniidae), Tropinota squalida (Scopoli, 1783) (Coleoptera: Cetoniidae) and Oxythyrea funesta (Poda, 1761) (Coleoptera: Cetoniidae) was doubtful. Generally, the sex ratio of the studied species was female-biased. A possible explanation may be local male competition for females, suggesting the Cetoniinae is a female world. However, the range of difference in the female-biased sex ratio among species suggests it is important to explore other possible causes, such as differences in dispersal abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Martínez-Pérez
- Centro Iberoamericano de la Biodiversidad CIBIO, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Gerardo Sanchez-Rojas
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Conservación, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Hidalgo CP, Pachuca, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Galante
- Centro Iberoamericano de la Biodiversidad CIBIO, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Estefanía Micó
- Centro Iberoamericano de la Biodiversidad CIBIO, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
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2
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Li J, Lv L, Wang P, Wang Y, Hatchwell BJ, Zhang Z. Sex-biased dispersal patterns of a social passerine: complementary approaches and evidence for a role of spatial scale. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blz122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAnimal dispersal patterns have important implications for many biological processes, but the measurement of dispersal is challenging and often requires the use of complementary approaches. In this study, we investigated the local-scale sex-biased dispersal pattern in a social bird, the black-throated tit (Aegithalos concinnus), in central China. Spatial genetic autocorrelation analyses suggested that significant fine-scale genetic structure existed in males but not in females. Mark–recapture analyses of ringed individuals also showed that female offspring were more dispersive than male offspring, supporting genetic evidence of local female-biased dispersal. These results were contrary to a previous finding of male-biased long-distance dispersal in this species that was based on analyses of gene flow across the species range in China. This implies that the species might potentially have a scale-dependent dispersal strategy, with females frequently dispersing further than males at the local level, but with a proportion of males occasionally dispersing over long distances and contributing more to gene flow at a larger geographical scale. Long-distance dispersal by male black-throated tits might be induced by competition for resources or by unfavourable environmental conditions, warranting further investigation, but our findings increase the evidence that geographical scale is an important factor to be considered when investigating animal dispersal patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Li
- School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Lv
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Agricultural, Life and Natural Sciences, Alabama A&M University, Normal, AL, USA
| | - Ben J Hatchwell
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Zhengwang Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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3
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Ferreira da Silva MJ, Kopp GH, Casanova C, Godinho R, Minhós T, Sá R, Zinner D, Bruford MW. Disrupted dispersal and its genetic consequences: Comparing protected and threatened baboon populations (Papio papio) in West Africa. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194189. [PMID: 29614097 PMCID: PMC5882123 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Dispersal is a demographic process that can potentially counterbalance the negative impacts of anthropogenic habitat fragmentation. However, mechanisms of dispersal may become modified in populations living in human-dominated habitats. Here, we investigated dispersal in Guinea baboons (Papio papio) in areas with contrasting levels of anthropogenic fragmentation, as a case study. Using molecular data, we compared the direction and extent of sex-biased gene flow in two baboon populations: from Guinea-Bissau (GB, fragmented distribution, human-dominated habitat) and Senegal (SEN, continuous distribution, protected area). Individual-based Bayesian clustering, spatial autocorrelation, assignment tests and migrant identification suggested female-mediated gene flow at a large spatial scale for GB with evidence of contact between genetically differentiated males at one locality, which could be interpreted as male-mediated gene flow in southern GB. Gene flow was also found to be female-biased in SEN for a smaller scale. However, in the southwest coastal part of GB, at the same geographic scale as SEN, no sex-biased dispersal was detected and a modest or recent restriction in GB female dispersal seems to have occurred. This population-specific variation in dispersal is attributed to behavioural responses to human activity in GB. Our study highlights the importance of considering the genetic consequences of disrupted dispersal patterns as an additional impact of anthropogenic habitat fragmentation and is potentially relevant to the conservation of many species inhabiting human-dominated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Joana Ferreira da Silva
- Organisms and Environment Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
- CIBIO/InBio, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
- CAPP, School of Social and Political Sciences, University of Lisbon, Rua Almerindo Lessa, Lisboa, Portugal
- * E-mail:
| | - Gisela H. Kopp
- Cognitive Ethology Laboratory, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Catarina Casanova
- CAPP, School of Social and Political Sciences, University of Lisbon, Rua Almerindo Lessa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Raquel Godinho
- CIBIO/InBio, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, South Africa
| | - Tânia Minhós
- Departamento de Antropologia, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Centre for Research in Anthropology (CRIA), Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- IGC, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Rui Sá
- Departamento de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Lusófona da Guiné, Rua Vitorino Costa, Bissau, Guiné-Bissau
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, Universidade de Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Dietmar Zinner
- Cognitive Ethology Laboratory, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael W. Bruford
- Organisms and Environment Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
- Sustainable Places Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
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4
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Schregel J, Remm J, Eiken HG, Swenson JE, Saarma U, Hagen SB. Multi‐level patterns in population genetics: Variogram series detects a hidden isolation‐by‐distance‐dominated structure of Scandinavian brown bears
Ursus arctos. Methods Ecol Evol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.12980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Schregel
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy ResearchNIBIO ‐ Svanhovd Svanvik Norway
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Natural Resource ManagementNorwegian University of Life Sciences Ǻs Norway
| | - Jaanus Remm
- Department of ZoologyInstitute of Ecology and Earth SciencesUniversity of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Hans Geir Eiken
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy ResearchNIBIO ‐ Svanhovd Svanvik Norway
| | - Jon E. Swenson
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Natural Resource ManagementNorwegian University of Life Sciences Ǻs Norway
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research Trondheim Norway
| | - Urmas Saarma
- Department of ZoologyInstitute of Ecology and Earth SciencesUniversity of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Snorre B. Hagen
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy ResearchNIBIO ‐ Svanhovd Svanvik Norway
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5
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Zhang L, Qu J, Li K, Li W, Yang M, Zhang Y. Genetic diversity and sex-bias dispersal of plateau pika in Tibetan plateau. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:7708-7718. [PMID: 29043027 PMCID: PMC5632614 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dispersal is an important aspect in organism's life history which could influence the rate and outcome of evolution of organism. Plateau pika is the keystone species in community of grasslands in Tibetan Plateau. In this study, we combine genetic and field data to character the population genetic pattern and dispersal dynamics in plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae). Totally, 1,352 individual samples were collected, and 10 microsatellite loci were analyzed. Results revealed that plateau pika possessed high genetic diversity and inbreeding coefficient in a fine-scale population. Dispersal distance is short and restricted in about 20 m. An effective sex-biased dispersal strategy is employed by plateau pika: males disperse in breeding period for mating while females do it after reproduction for offspring and resource. Inbreeding avoiding was shown as the common driving force of dispersal, together with the other two factors, environment and resource. In addition, natal dispersal is female biased. More detailed genetic analyzes are needed to confirm the role of inbreeding avoidance and resource competition as ultimate cause of dispersal patterns in plateau pika.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangzhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau BiotaNorthwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesXiningQinghaiChina
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological GenomicsNorthwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesXiningQinghaiChina
| | - Jiapeng Qu
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau BiotaNorthwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesXiningQinghaiChina
| | - Kexin Li
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau BiotaNorthwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesXiningQinghaiChina
| | - Wenjing Li
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau BiotaNorthwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesXiningQinghaiChina
| | - Min Yang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau BiotaNorthwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesXiningQinghaiChina
| | - Yanming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau BiotaNorthwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesXiningQinghaiChina
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological GenomicsNorthwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesXiningQinghaiChina
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6
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Huang ZP, Scott MB, Li YP, Ren GP, Xiang ZF, Cui LW, Xiao W. Black-and-white snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus bieti) feeding behavior in a degraded forest fragment: clues to a stressed population. Primates 2017. [PMID: 28634668 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-017-0618-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Rapid global deforestation has forced many of the world's primates to live in fragmented habitats, making the understanding of their behavioral responses to degraded and fragmented habitats a key challenge for their future protection and management. The black-and-white snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus bieti) is an endangered species endemic to southwest China. The forest habitat ranges from near-continuous to fragmented. In this study, we investigated the activity budget and diet of a R. bieti population that live in an isolated and degraded habitat patch at Mt. Lasha in Yunnan Province, near the current southern limit of the species. We used our data along with data from six other sites in more-continuous habitats across its range to model factors that predict stress, including feeding effort and time feeding on lichens against potential predictive parameters. Models showed feeding effort across all sites increased with increasing altitude and latitude, and with decreasing food species diversity. There was also a strong positive relationship between feeding effort and time feeding lichens. The Mt. Lasha R. bieti population exploited a total of 36 food species, spending 80.2% of feeding time feeding on lichens, Bryoria spp. and Usnea longissima. These figures are more comparable to those living in the north than those living in the mid- and southern part of the species' range. Given the models for feeding effort and time feeding on lichens, the unexpectedly high time spend feeding on lichens and feeding effort relative to latitude and elevation are suggestive of a stressed population at Mt. Lasha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Pang Huang
- Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali, 671003, Yunnan, China.,Forestry Faculty, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, Yunnan, China
| | - Matthew B Scott
- Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali, 671003, Yunnan, China.,Scion (New Zealand Forest Research Institute), Ilam, Christchurch, 8041, New Zealand
| | - Yan-Peng Li
- Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali, 671003, Yunnan, China
| | - Guo-Peng Ren
- Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali, 671003, Yunnan, China
| | - Zuo-Fu Xiang
- Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China
| | - Liang-Wei Cui
- Forestry Faculty, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, Yunnan, China.
| | - Wen Xiao
- Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali, 671003, Yunnan, China.
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7
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Bertrand P, Bowman J, Dyer RJ, Manseau M, Wilson PJ. Sex-specific graphs: Relating group-specific topology to demographic and landscape data. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:3898-3912. [PMID: 28488269 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Sex-specific genetic structure is a commonly observed pattern among vertebrate species. Facing differential selective pressures, individuals may adopt sex-specific life history traits that ultimately shape genetic variation among populations. Although differential dispersal dynamics are commonly detected in the literature, few studies have used genetic structure to investigate sex-specific functional connectivity. The recent use of graph theoretic approaches in landscape genetics has demonstrated network capacities to describe complex system behaviours where network topology represents genetic interaction among subunits. Here, we partition the overall genetic structure into sex-specific graphs, revealing different male and female dispersal dynamics of a fisher (Pekania [Martes] pennanti) metapopulation in southern Ontario. Our analyses based on network topologies supported the hypothesis of male-biased dispersal. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the effect of the landscape, identified at the population level, could be partitioned among sex-specific strata. We found that female connectivity was negatively correlated with snow depth, whereas connectivity among males was not. Our findings underscore the potential of conducting sex-specific analysis by identifying landscape elements or configuration that differentially promotes or impedes functional connectivity between sexes, revealing processes that may otherwise remain cryptic. We propose that the sex-specific graph approach would be applicable to other vagile species where differential sex-specific processes are expected to occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Bertrand
- Département de Biologie, Chimie & Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, Canada
| | - Jeff Bowman
- Wildlife Research & Monitoring Section, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
| | - Rodney J Dyer
- Center for Environmental Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Micheline Manseau
- Office of the Chief Ecosystem Scientist, Gatineau, QC, Canada.,Natural Resources Institute, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Paul J Wilson
- Biology Department, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
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8
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Eldon B, Riquet F, Yearsley J, Jollivet D, Broquet T. Current hypotheses to explain genetic chaos under the sea. Curr Zool 2016; 62:551-566. [PMID: 29491945 PMCID: PMC5829445 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zow094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chaotic genetic patchiness (CGP) refers to surprising patterns of spatial and temporal genetic structure observed in some marine species at a scale where genetic variation should be efficiently homogenized by gene flow via larval dispersal. Here we review and discuss 4 mechanisms that could generate such unexpected patterns: selection, sweepstakes reproductive success, collective dispersal, and temporal shifts in local population dynamics. First, we review examples where genetic differentiation at specific loci was driven by diversifying selection, which was historically the first process invoked to explain CGP. Second, we turn to neutral demographic processes that may drive genome-wide effects, and whose effects on CGP may be enhanced when they act together. We discuss how sweepstakes reproductive success accelerates genetic drift and can thus generate genetic structure, provided that gene flow is not too strong. Collective dispersal is another mechanism whereby genetic structure can be maintained regardless of dispersal intensity, because it may prevent larval cohorts from becoming entirely mixed. Theoretical analyses of both the sweepstakes and the collective dispersal ideas are presented. Finally, we discuss an idea that has received less attention than the other ones just mentioned, namely temporal shifts in local population dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjarki Eldon
- Museum für Naturkunde Berlin, Leibniz Institut für Evolutions- und
Biodiversitätsforschung, Berlin 10115, Germany
| | - Florentine Riquet
- Université Montpellier 2, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5,
France
- ISEM - CNRS, UMR 5554, SMEL, 2 rue des Chantiers, Sète 34200, France
| | - Jon Yearsley
- School of Biology and Environmental Science and UCD Earth Institute,
University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Didier Jollivet
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Team Adaptation and Biology of
Invertebrates in Extreme Environments, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff 29680,
France
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Unité Mixte de
Recherche 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff 29680, France
| | - Thomas Broquet
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Unité Mixte de
Recherche 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff 29680, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Team Diversity and
Connectivity of Coastal Marine Landscapes, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff 29680,
France
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9
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Henry RC, Coulon A, Travis JMJ. The Evolution of Male-Biased Dispersal under the Joint Selective Forces of Inbreeding Load and Demographic and Environmental Stochasticity. Am Nat 2016; 188:423-33. [PMID: 27622876 DOI: 10.1086/688170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Sex-biased natal dispersal is widespread, and its significance remains a central question in evolutionary biology. However, theory so far fails to predict some of the most common patterns found in nature. To address this, we present novel results from an individual-based model investigating the joint roles of inbreeding load, demographic stochasticity, environmental stochasticity, and dispersal costs for the evolution of sex-biased dispersal. Most strikingly, we found that male-biased natal dispersal evolved in polygynous systems as a result of the interplay between inbreeding avoidance and stochasticity, whereas previous theory, in contrast to empirical observations, predicted male philopatry and female-biased natal dispersal under inbreeding load alone. Furthermore, the direction of the bias varied according to the nature of stochasticity. Our results therefore provide a unification of previous theory, yielding a much better qualitative match with empirical observations of male-biased dispersal in mate defense mating systems.
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10
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Dussex N, Broquet T, Yearsley JM. Contrasting dispersal inference methods for the greater white-toothed shrew. J Wildl Manage 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.21075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Dussex
- Department of Ecology and Evolution; University of Lausanne; CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
- Department of Anatomy; University of Otago; Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
| | - Thomas Broquet
- Department of Ecology and Evolution; University of Lausanne; CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Jon M. Yearsley
- Department of Ecology and Evolution; University of Lausanne; CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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11
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Graw B, Lindholm A, Manser M. Female-biased dispersal in the solitarily foraging slender mongoose, Galerella sanguinea, in the Kalahari. Anim Behav 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Thirty years of tick population genetics: A comprehensive review. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2015; 29:164-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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13
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Martins MM, Nascimento ATA, Nali C, Velastin GO, Mangini PB, Valladares-Padua CB, Galetti PM. A test for sex-biased dispersal in the black-faced lion tamarin (Leontopithecus caissara): inferences from microsatellite markers. STUDIES ON NEOTROPICAL FAUNA AND ENVIRONMENT 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/01650521.2014.978660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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14
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Invading and expanding: range dynamics and ecological consequences of the greater white-toothed shrew (Crocidura russula) invasion in Ireland. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100403. [PMID: 24955824 PMCID: PMC4067332 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Establishing how invasive species impact upon pre-existing species is a fundamental question in ecology and conservation biology. The greater white-toothed shrew (Crocidura russula) is an invasive species in Ireland that was first recorded in 2007 and which, according to initial data, may be limiting the abundance/distribution of the pygmy shrew (Sorex minutus), previously Ireland's only shrew species. Because of these concerns, we undertook an intensive live-trapping survey (and used other data from live-trapping, sightings and bird of prey pellets/nest inspections collected between 2006 and 2013) to model the distribution and expansion of C. russula in Ireland and its impacts on Ireland's small mammal community. The main distribution range of C. russula was found to be approximately 7,600 km2 in 2013, with established outlier populations suggesting that the species is dispersing with human assistance within the island. The species is expanding rapidly for a small mammal, with a radial expansion rate of 5.5 km/yr overall (2008–2013), and independent estimates from live-trapping in 2012–2013 showing rates of 2.4–14.1 km/yr, 0.5–7.1 km/yr and 0–5.6 km/yr depending on the landscape features present. S. minutus is negatively associated with C. russula. S. minutus is completely absent at sites where C. russula is established and is only present at sites at the edge of and beyond the invasion range of C. russula. The speed of this invasion and the homogenous nature of the Irish landscape may mean that S. minutus has not had sufficient time to adapt to the sudden appearance of C. russula. This may mean the continued decline/disappearance of S. minutus as C. russula spreads throughout the island.
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15
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Liebgold EB, Gerlach NM, Ketterson ED. Similarity in temporal variation in sex-biased dispersal over short and long distances in the dark-eyed junco, Junco hyemalis. Mol Ecol 2014; 22:5548-60. [PMID: 24730036 DOI: 10.1111/mec.12508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Patterns of sex-biased dispersal (SBD) are typically consistent within taxa, for example female-biased in birds and male-biased in mammals, leading to theories about the evolutionary pressures that lead to SBD. However, generalizations about the evolution of sex biases tend to overlook that dispersal is mediated by ecological factors that vary over time. We examined potential temporal variation in between- and within-population dispersal over an 11-year period in a bird, the dark-eyed junco (Junco hyemalis). We measured between-population dispersal patterns using genetic assignment indices and found yearly variation in which sex was more likely to have immigrated. When we measured within-population spatial genetic structure and mark–recapture dispersal distances, we typically found yearly SBD patterns that mirrored between-population dispersal, indicating common eco-evolutionary causes despite expected differences due to the scale of dispersal. However, in years without detectable between-population sex biases, we found genetic similarity between nearby males within our population. This suggests that, in certain circumstances, ecological pressures may act on within-population dispersal without affecting dispersal between populations. Alternatively, current analytical tools may be better able to detect within-population SBD. Future work will investigate potential causes of the observed temporal variation in dispersal patterns and whether they have greater effects on within-population dispersal.
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Chang Z, Yang B, Vigilant L, Liu Z, Ren B, Yang J, Xiang Z, Garber PA, Li M. Evidence of male-biased dispersal in the endangered Sichuan snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithexus roxellana). Am J Primatol 2013; 76:72-83. [PMID: 24038299 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2012] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Although sex-biased dispersal has profound effects on the viability of small and isolated populations resulting from habitat change and anthropogenic disturbance, the direction and strength of sex-biased dispersal in the endangered Sichuan snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithexus roxellana) remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated dispersal patterns of R. roxellana using 15 polymorphic microsatellite loci. Using noninvasive methods we obtained 337 fecal samples from individuals residing in four multilevel troops that inhabit the Shennongjia Nature Reserve (SNR). Our study site contains an isolated population of approximately 1,000 Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys located in the easternmost distribution of the species' range. Our results indicated that the mean coefficient of relatedness among troop members was low (mean relatedness ± SE = 0.038 ± 0.025). However, the mean relatedness of monkeys residing in the same troop was significantly higher than the mean relatedness of monkeys belonging to different troops, suggesting that some members of the same troop were closely relatived. Sex-biased dispersal tests revealed that dispersal in R. roxellana was male-biased. Moreover, analysis of isolation-by-distance indicated that the correlation between pairwise genetic distance and geographical distance was positive for females, while it was negative for males. These data suggest that males tended to disperse further than females, although these values were not statistically significant. Considering previous field data collected on Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys from other sites, we suggest that mating competition among males and female mate choice represent the major causes of male-biased dispersal in R. roxellana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongfei Chang
- Key Lab of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany; Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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17
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Waser PM, Nichols KM, Hadfield JD. Fitness consequences of dispersal: is leaving home the best of a bad lot? Ecology 2013; 94:1287-95. [PMID: 23923492 DOI: 10.1890/12-1037.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Using 20 years of demographic and genetic data from four populations of banner-tailed kangaroo rats (Dipodomys spectabilis), we asked whether dispersing individuals gain benefits during adulthood that might compensate for the substantial survival costs they experience as juveniles. Compared to philopatric animals, within- and between-population dispersers gained no measureable advantages in adult survival, fecundity, or probability of recruiting offspring to adulthood. Restricting analyses to members of two central populations living more than 15 times the median dispersal distance from the study site edge, and using peripheral populations only to detect dispersal or offspring recruitment "offsite," did not change this result. Population density during year of birth had small negative effects on adult survival and fecundity, but there were no interactions with dispersal phenotype. We found no evidence that dispersers gained access to superior habitat or that their offspring suffered less inbreeding depression. Our results are consistent with fitness advantages being indirect; by leaving, dispersers release their kin from competition. Our results are also consistent with the possibility that dispersal is the "best of a bad lot." If dispersal is a conditional strategy, then the benefits may be obscured in observational data that compare dispersing individuals to philopatric individuals rather than to individuals whose dispersal phenotype is experimentally manipulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Waser
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.
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18
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Quaglietta L, Fonseca VC, Hájková P, Mira A, Boitani L. Fine-scale population genetic structure and short-range sex-biased dispersal in a solitary carnivore,Lutra lutra. J Mammal 2013. [DOI: 10.1644/12-mamm-a-171.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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19
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Qi Y, Yang W, Lu B, Fu J. Genetic evidence for male-biased dispersal in the Qinghai toad-headed agamid Phrynocephalus vlangalii and its potential link to individual social interactions. Ecol Evol 2013; 3:1219-30. [PMID: 23762509 PMCID: PMC3678477 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex-biased dispersal has profound impacts on a species' biology and several factors have been attributed to its evolution, including mating system, inbreeding avoidance, and social complexity. Sex-biased dispersal and its potential link to individual social interactions were examined in the Qinghai toad-headed agamid (Phrynocephalus vlangalii). We first determined the pattern of sex-biased dispersal using population genetic methods. A total of 345 specimens from 32 sites in the Qaidam Basin were collected and genotyped for nine microsatellite DNA loci. Both individual-based assignment tests and allele frequency-based analyses were conducted. Females revealed much more genetic structure than males and all results were consistent with male-biased dispersal. First-generation migrants were also identified by genetic data. We then examined eight social interaction-related morphological traits and explored their potential link to sex-biased dispersal. Female residents had larger heads and longer tails than female migrants. The well-developed signal system among females, coupled with viviparity, might make remaining on natal sites beneficial, and hence promote female philopatry. Dominant females with larger heads were more likely to stay. Contrary to females, male migrants had larger heads and belly patches than residents, suggesting that dispersal might confer selective advantages for males. Such advantages may include opportunities for multiple mating and escaping from crowded sites. Large belly patches and several other morphological traits may assist their success in obtaining mates during dispersal. Furthermore, a relatively high relatedness (R = 0.06) among females suggested that this species might have rudimentary social structure. Case studies in "less" social species may provide important evidence for a better understanding of sex-biased dispersal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Qi
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
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20
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Wikberg EC, Sicotte P, Campos FA, Ting N. Between-group variation in female dispersal, kin composition of groups, and proximity patterns in a black-and-white colobus monkey (Colobus vellerosus). PLoS One 2012; 7:e48740. [PMID: 23144951 PMCID: PMC3492432 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence shows within-population variation in natal dispersal, but the effects of such variation on social relationships and the kin composition of groups remain poorly understood. We investigate the link between dispersal, the kin composition of groups, and proximity patterns in a population of black-and-white colobus (Colobus vellerosus) that shows variation in female dispersal. From 2006 to 2011, we collected behavioral data, demographic data, and fecal samples of 77 males and 92 females residing in eight groups at Boabeng-Fiema, Ghana. A combination of demographic data and a genetic network analysis showed that although philopatry was female-biased, only about half of the females resided in their natal groups. Only one group contained female-female dyads with higher average relatedness than randomly drawn animals of both sexes from the same group. Despite between-group variation in female dispersal and kin composition, female-female dyads in most of the study groups had higher proximity scores than randomly drawn dyads from the same group. We conclude that groups fall along a continuum from female dispersed, not kin-based, and not bonded to female philopatric, kin-based, and bonded. We found only partial support for the predicted link between dispersal, kin composition, and social relationships. In contrast to most mammals where the kin composition of groups is a good predictor of the quality of female-female relationships, this study provides further support for the notion that kinship is not necessary for the development and maintenance of social bonds in some gregarious species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva C. Wikberg
- Department of Anthropology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Pascale Sicotte
- Department of Anthropology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Fernando A. Campos
- Department of Anthropology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nelson Ting
- Department of Anthropology and Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
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21
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Helfer V, Broquet T, Fumagalli L. Sex-specific estimates of dispersal show female philopatry and male dispersal in a promiscuous amphibian, the alpine salamander (Salamandra atra). Mol Ecol 2012; 21:4706-20. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2012.05742.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - L. Fumagalli
- Laboratory for Conservation Biology, Department of Ecology and Evolution; University of Lausanne; Biophore; CH-1015; Lausanne; Switzerland
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22
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Kitanishi S, Yamamoto T, Koizumi I, Dunham JB, Higashi S. Fine scale relationships between sex, life history, and dispersal of masu salmon. Ecol Evol 2012; 2:920-9. [PMID: 22837837 PMCID: PMC3399158 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Revised: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying the patterns and processes driving dispersal is critical for understanding population structure and dynamics. In many organisms, sex-biased dispersal is related to the type of mating system. Considerably, less is known about the influence of life-history variability on dispersal. Here we investigated patterns of dispersal in masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou) to evaluate influences of sex and life history on dispersal. As expected, assignment tests and isolation by distance analysis revealed that dispersal of marine-migratory masu salmon was male-biased. However, dispersal of resident and migratory males did not follow our expectation and marine-migratory individuals dispersed more than residents. This may be because direct competition between marine-migratory and resident males is weak or that the cost of dispersal is smaller for marine-migratory individuals. This study revealed that both sex and migratory life-history influence patterns of dispersal at a local scale in masu salmon.
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23
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Yannic G, Basset P, Büchi L, Hausser J, Broquet T. SCALE-SPECIFIC SEX-BIASED DISPERSAL IN THE VALAIS SHREW UNVEILED BY GENETIC VARIATION ON THE Y CHROMOSOME, AUTOSOMES, AND MITOCHONDRIAL DNA. Evolution 2012; 66:1737-50. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2011.01554.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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LEHMANN LAURENT, ROUSSET FRANÇOIS. The evolution of social discounting in hierarchically clustered populations. Mol Ecol 2011; 21:447-71. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2011.05238.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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25
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Cooper JD, Waser PM, Gopurenko D, Hellgren EC, Gabor TM, DeWoody JA. Measuring sex-biased dispersal in social mammals: comparisons of nuclear and mitochondrial genes in collared peccaries. J Mammal 2010. [DOI: 10.1644/09-mamm-a-313.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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26
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Abstract
The organization of neutral genetic variation has long been used as a diagnostic tool to infer demographic properties of populations, and recently it has been shown that this information can also be used to estimate the magnitude of genetic deterioration in small or fragmented populations. A further step of this research is to assess whether neutral genetic indicators can serve to predict and compare the viabilities of endangered species. I use modeling to explore how ecological metapopulation settings are related to neutral genetic indicators (such as the fixation index [F(ST)]), changes in genetic load, and metapopulation viability. The analysis indicates that genetic indicators are generally strongly and consistently correlated with the genetic load, population size and structure, and time of extinction but identifies two potential limitations for their use in viability assessments. First, the regime of environmental perturbations is not accurately reflected by neutral indicators, so that their predictive power may be reduced in variable environments. Second, many species are threatened by recent human-induced changes of their habitat configuration. In most cases, genetic indicators may not have reached their equilibrium value in the altered habitat, which limits their ability to compare species with heterogeneous histories and life-history traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Robert
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), Département Ecologie et Gestion de la Biodiversité, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7204 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-MNHN-Université Pierre et Marie Curie Conservation des Espèces, Restauration et Suivi des Populations, 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France.
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27
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Lehmann L. Space‐Time Relatedness and Hamilton’s Rule for Long‐Lasting Behaviors in Viscous Populations. Am Nat 2010; 175:136-43. [DOI: 10.1086/648554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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28
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Cooper JD, Vitalis R, Waser PM, Gopurenko D, Hellgren EC, Gabor TM, DeWoody JA. Quantifying male-biased dispersal among social groups in the collared peccary (Pecari tajacu) using analyses based on mtDNA variation. Heredity (Edinb) 2009; 104:79-87. [DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2009.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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29
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Gauffre B, Petit E, Brodier S, Bretagnolle V, Cosson JF. Sex-biased dispersal patterns depend on the spatial scale in a social rodent. Proc Biol Sci 2009; 276:3487-94. [PMID: 19586945 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2009.0881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dispersal is a fundamental process in ecology because it influences the dynamics, genetic structure and persistence of populations. Furthermore, understanding the evolutionary causes of dispersal pattern, particularly when they differ between genders, is still a major question in evolutionary ecology. Using a panel of 10 microsatellite loci, we investigated at different spatial scales the genetic structure and the sex-specific dispersal patterns in the common vole Microtus arvalis, a small colonial mammal. This study was conducted in an intensive agricultural area of western France. Hierarchical F(ST) analyses, relatedness and assignment tests suggested (i) that females are strongly kin-clustered within colonies; (ii) that dispersal is strongly male-biased at a local scale; and (iii) long-distance dispersal is not rare and more balanced between genders. We conclude that males migrate continuously from colony to colony to reproduce, whereas females may disperse just once and would be mainly involved in new colony foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Gauffre
- INRA-EFPA, UMR Centre de Biologie et de Gestion des Populations (INRA/IRD/Cirad/Montpellier SupAgro), Campus International de Baillarguet, CS 30016, 34988 Montferrier-sur-Lez cedex, France.
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30
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BROQUET THOMAS, YEARSLEY JONATHAN, HIRZEL ALEXANDREH, GOUDET JÉRÔME, PERRIN NICOLAS. Inferring recent migration rates from individual genotypes. Mol Ecol 2009; 18:1048-60. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2008.04058.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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31
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Jaquiéry J, Guélat J, Broquet T, Berset-Brändli L, Pellegrini E, Moresi R, Hirzel AH, Perrin N. HABITAT-QUALITY EFFECTS ON METAPOPULATION DYNAMICS IN GREATER WHITE-TOOTHED SHREWS,CROCIDURA RUSSULA. Ecology 2008; 89:2777-85. [DOI: 10.1890/07-1833.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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32
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Munshi-South J. Female-biased dispersal and gene flow in a behaviorally monogamous mammal, the large treeshrew (Tupaia tana). PLoS One 2008; 3:e3228. [PMID: 18797506 PMCID: PMC2528962 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2008] [Accepted: 08/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Female-biased dispersal (FBD) is predicted to occur in monogamous species due to local resource competition among females, but evidence for this association in mammals is scarce. The predicted relationship between FBD and monogamy may also be too simplistic, given that many pair-living mammals exhibit substantial extra-pair paternity. Methodology/Principal Findings I examined whether dispersal and gene flow are female-biased in the large treeshrew (Tupaia tana) in Borneo, a behaviorally monogamous species with a genetic mating system characterized by high rates (50%) of extra-pair paternity. Genetic analyses provided evidence of FBD in this species. As predicted for FBD, I found lower mean values for the corrected assignment index for adult females than for males using seven microsatellite loci, indicating that female individuals were more likely to be immigrants. Adult female pairs were also less related than adult male pairs. Furthermore, comparison of Bayesian coalescent-based estimates of migration rates using maternally and bi-parentally inherited genetic markers suggested that gene flow is female-biased in T. tana. The effective number of migrants between populations estimated from mitochondrial DNA sequence was three times higher than the number estimated using autosomal microsatellites. Conclusions/Significance These results provide the first evidence of FBD in a behaviorally monogamous species without mating fidelity. I argue that competition among females for feeding territories creates a sexual asymmetry in the costs and benefits of dispersal in treeshrews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Munshi-South
- Behavior, Ecology, Evolution and Systematics Program, Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA.
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33
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NUTT KARENJ. A comparison of techniques for assessing dispersal behaviour in gundis: revealing dispersal patterns in the absence of observed dispersal behaviour. Mol Ecol 2008; 17:3541-56. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2008.03858.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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34
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Grafen A, Archetti M. Natural selection of altruism in inelastic viscous homogeneous populations. J Theor Biol 2008; 252:694-710. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2008.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2007] [Revised: 01/22/2008] [Accepted: 01/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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35
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Schweizer M, Excoffier L, Heckel G. Fine-scale genetic structure and dispersal in the common vole (Microtus arvalis). Mol Ecol 2008; 16:2463-73. [PMID: 17561906 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2007.03284.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The genetic structure and demography of local populations is tightly linked to the rate and scale of dispersal. Dispersal parameters are notoriously difficult to determine in the field, and remain often completely unknown for smaller organisms. In this study, we investigate spatial and temporal genetic structure in relation to dispersal patterns among local populations of the probably most abundant European mammals, the common vole (Microtus arvalis). Voles were studied in six natural populations at distances of 0.4-2.5 km in three different seasons (fall, spring, summer) corresponding to different life-history stages. Field observations provided no direct evidence for movements of individuals between populations. The analysis of 10 microsatellite markers revealed a persistent overall genetic structure among populations of 2.9%, 2.5% and 3% FST in the respective season. Pairwise comparisons showed that even the closest populations were significantly differentiated from each other in each season, but there was no evidence for temporal differentiation within populations or isolation by distance among populations. Despite significant genetic structure, assignment analyses identified a relatively high proportion of individuals as being immigrants for the population where they were captured. The immigration rate was not significantly lower for females than for males. We suggest that a generally low and sex-dependent effective dispersal rate as the consequence of only few immigrants reproducing successfully in the new populations together with the social structure within populations may explain the maintenance of genetic differentiation among populations despite migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Schweizer
- Computational and Molecular Population Genetics Lab (CMPG), Zoological Institute, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
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36
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HARDY OLIVIERJ, PEARCY MORGAN, ARON SERGE. Small-scale spatial genetic structure in an ant species with sex-biased dispersal. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00898.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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37
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Abstract
In many instances, there are large sex differences in mutation rates, recombination rates, selection, rates of gene flow, and genetic drift. Mutation rates are often higher in males, a difference that has been estimated both directly and indirectly. The higher male mutation rate appears related to the larger number of cell divisions in male lineages but mutation rates also appear gene- and organism-specific. When there is recombination in only one sex, it is always the homogametic sex. When there is recombination in both sexes, females often have higher recombination but there are many exceptions. There are a number of hypotheses to explain the sex differences in recombination. Sex-specific differences in selection may result in stable polymorphisms or for sex chromosomes, faster evolutionary change. In addition, sex-dependent selection may result in antagonistic pleiotropy or sexually antagonistic genes. There are many examples of sex-specific differences in gene flow (dispersal) and a number of adaptive explanations for these differences. The overall effective population size (genetic drift) is dominated by the lower sex-specific effective population size. The mean of the mutation, recombination, and gene flow rates over the two sexes can be used in a population genetics context unless there are sex-specific differences in selection or genetic drift. Sex-specific differences in these evolutionary factors appear to be unrelated to each other. The evolutionary explanations for sex-specific differences for each factor are multifaceted and, in addition, explanations may include chance, nonadaptive differences, or mechanistic, nonevolutionary factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip W Hedrick
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-4501, USA.
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38
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Skalski GT. Joint estimation of migration rate and effective population size using the island model. Genetics 2007; 177:1043-57. [PMID: 17720905 PMCID: PMC2034612 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.107.078998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Using the island model of population demography, I report that the demographic parameters migration rate and effective population size can be jointly estimated with equilibrium probabilities of identity in state calculated using a sample of genotypes collected at a single point in time from a single generation. The method, which uses moment-type estimators, applies to dioecious populations in which females and males have identical demography and monoecious populations with no selfing and requires that offspring genotypes are sampled following reproduction and prior to migration. I illustrate the estimation procedure using the infinite-island model with no mutation and the finite-island model with three kinds of mutation models. In the infinite-island model with no mutation, the estimators can be expressed as simple functions of estimates of the F-statistic parameters F(IT) and F(ST). In the finite-island model with mutation among k alleles, mutation rate, migration rate, and effective population size can be simultaneously estimated. The estimates of migration rate and effective population size are somewhat robust to violations in assumptions that may arise in empirical applications such as different kinds of mutation models and deviations from temporal equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrick T Skalski
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA.
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39
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Abstract
Sex-biased dispersal is an almost ubiquitous feature of mammalian life history, but the evolutionary causes behind these patterns still require much clarification. A quarter of a century since the publication of seminal papers describing general patterns of sex-biased dispersal in both mammals and birds, we review the advances in our theoretical understanding of the evolutionary causes of sex-biased dispersal, and those in statistical genetics that enable us to test hypotheses and measure dispersal in natural populations. We use mammalian examples to illustrate patterns and proximate causes of sex-biased dispersal, because by far the most data are available and because they exhibit an enormous diversity in terms of dispersal strategy, mating and social systems. Recent studies using molecular markers have helped to confirm that sex-biased dispersal is widespread among mammals and varies widely in direction and intensity, but there is a great need to bridge the gap between genetic information, observational data and theory. A review of mammalian data indicates that the relationship between direction of sex-bias and mating system is not a simple one. The role of social systems emerges as a key factor in determining intensity and direction of dispersal bias, but there is still need for a theoretical framework that can account for the complex interactions between inbreeding avoidance, kin competition and cooperation to explain the impressive diversity of patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Lawson Handley
- Theoretical and Molecular Population Genetics Group, Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EH, UK.
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40
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Lee PLM, Luschi P, Hays GC. Detecting female precise natal philopatry in green turtles using assignment methods. Mol Ecol 2007; 16:61-74. [PMID: 17181721 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2006.03115.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that sea turtles return to natal rookeries to mate and lay their eggs, and that individual females are faithful to particular nesting sites within the rookery. Less certain is whether females are precisely returning to their natal beach. Attempts to demonstrate such precise natal philopatry with genetic data have had mixed success. Here we focused on the green turtles of three nesting sites in the Ascension Island rookery, separated by 5-15 km. Our approach differed from previous work in two key areas. First, we used male microsatellite data (five loci) reconstructed from samples collected from their offspring (N = 17) in addition to data for samples taken directly from females (N = 139). Second, we employed assignment methods in addition to the more traditional F-statistics. No significant genetic structure could be demonstrated with F(ST). However, when average assignment probabilities of females were examined, those for nesting populations in which they were sampled were indeed significantly higher than their probabilities for other populations (Mann-Whitney U-test: P < 0.001). Further evidence was provided by a significant result for the mAI(C) test (P < 0.001), supporting greater natal philopatry for females compared with males. The results suggest that female natal site fidelity was not sufficient for significant genetic differentiation among the nesting populations within the rookery, but detectable with assignment tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia L M Lee
- Institute of Environmental Sustainability, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wales Swansea, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK.
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Landscape structure affects dispersal in the greater white-toothed shrew: Inference between genetic and simulated ecological distances. Ecol Modell 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Broquet T, Johnson CA, Petit E, Thompson I, Burel F, Fryxell JM. Dispersal and genetic structure in the American marten, Martes americana. Mol Ecol 2006; 15:1689-97. [PMID: 16629821 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2006.02878.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Natal dispersal in a vagile carnivore, the American marten (Martes americana), was studied by comparing radio-tracking data and microsatellite genetic structure in two populations occupying contrasting habitats. The genetic differentiation determined among groups of individuals using F(ST) indices appeared to be weak in both landscapes, and showed no increase with geographical distance. Genetic structure investigated using pairwise genetic distances between individuals conversely showed a pattern of isolation by distance (IBD), but only in the population occurring in a homogeneous high-quality habitat, therefore showing the advantage of individual-based analyses in detecting within-population processes and local landscape effects. The telemetry study of juveniles revealed a leptokurtic distribution of dispersal distances in both populations, and estimates of the mean squared parent-offspring axial distance (sigma2) inferred both from the genetic pattern of IBD and from the radio-tracking survey showed that most juveniles make little contribution to gene flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Broquet
- UMR CNRS 6553 Ecobio, Université Rennes1, France.
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Handley LJL, Berset-Brändli L, Perrin N. Disentangling reasons for low Y chromosome variation in the greater white-toothed shrew (Crocidura russula). Genetics 2006; 173:935-42. [PMID: 16582448 PMCID: PMC1526517 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.105.050203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Y chromosome variation is determined by several confounding factors including mutation rate, effective population size, demography, and selection. Disentangling these factors is essential to better understand the evolutionary properties of the Y chromosome. We analyzed genetic variation on the Y chromosome, X chromosome, and mtDNA of the greater white-toothed shrew, a species with low variance in male reproductive success and limited sex-biased dispersal, which enables us to control to some extent for life-history effects. We also compared ancestral (Moroccan) to derived (European) populations to investigate the role of demographic history in determining Y variation. Recent colonization of Europe by a small number of founders (combined with low mutation rates) is largely responsible for low diversity observed on the European Y and X chromosomes compared to mtDNA. After accounting for mutation rate, copy number, and demography, the Y chromosome still displays a deficit in variation relative to the X in both populations. This is possibly influenced by directional selection, but the slightly higher variance in male reproductive success is also likely to play a role, even though the difference is small compared to that in highly polygynous species. This study illustrates that demography and life-history effects should be scrutinized before inferring strong selective pressure as a reason for low diversity on the Y chromosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori J Lawson Handley
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Hammond RL, Handley LJL, Winney BJ, Bruford MW, Perrin N. Genetic evidence for female-biased dispersal and gene flow in a polygynous primate. Proc Biol Sci 2006; 273:479-84. [PMID: 16615216 PMCID: PMC1560213 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2005.3257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2005] [Accepted: 07/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many models of sex-biased dispersal predict that the direction of sex-bias depends upon a species' mating system. In agreement with this, almost all polygynous mammals show male-biased dispersal whereas largely monogamous birds show female-biased dispersal (FBD). The hamadryas baboon (Papio hamadryas hamadryas) is polygynous and so dispersal is predicted to be male biased, as is found in all other baboon subspecies, but there are conflicting field data showing both female and male dispersal. Using 19 autosomal genetic markers genotyped in baboons from four Saudi Arabian populations, we found strong evidence for FBD in post-dispersal adults but not, as expected, in pre-dispersal infants and young juveniles, when we compared male and female: population structure (F(st)), inbreeding (F(is)), relatedness (r), and the mean assignment index (mAIc). Furthermore, we found evidence for female-biased gene flow as population genetic structure (F(st)), was about four times higher for the paternally inherited Y, than for either autosomal markers or for maternally inherited mtDNA. These results contradict the direction of sex-bias predicted by the mating system and show that FBD has evolved recently from an ancestral state of male-biased dispersal. We suggest that the cost-benefit balance of dispersal to males and females is tightly linked to the unique hierarchical social structure of hamadryas baboons and that dispersal and social organization have coevolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Hammond
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Biology Building, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland.
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