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Eliason CM, Cooper JC, Hackett SJ, Zahnle E, Pequeño Saco TZ, Maddox JD, Hains T, Hauber ME, Bates JM. Interspecific hybridization explains rapid gorget colour divergence in Heliodoxa hummingbirds (Aves: Trochilidae). ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 10:221603. [PMID: 36866078 PMCID: PMC9974296 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.221603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Hybridization is a known source of morphological, functional and communicative signal novelty in many organisms. Although diverse mechanisms of established novel ornamentation have been identified in natural populations, we lack an understanding of hybridization effects across levels of biological scales and upon phylogenies. Hummingbirds display diverse structural colours resulting from coherent light scattering by feather nanostructures. Given the complex relationship between feather nanostructures and the colours they produce, intermediate coloration does not necessarily imply intermediate nanostructures. Here, we characterize nanostructural, ecological and genetic inputs in a distinctive Heliodoxa hummingbird from the foothills of eastern Peru. Genetically, this individual is closely allied with Heliodoxa branickii and Heliodoxa gularis, but it is not identical to either when nuclear data are assessed. Elevated interspecific heterozygosity further suggests it is a hybrid backcross to H. branickii. Electron microscopy and spectrophotometry of this unique individual reveal key nanostructural differences underlying its distinct gorget colour, confirmed by optical modelling. Phylogenetic comparative analysis suggests that the observed gorget coloration divergence from both parentals to this individual would take 6.6-10 My to evolve at the current rate within a single hummingbird lineage. These results emphasize the mosaic nature of hybridization and suggest that hybridization may contribute to the structural colour diversity found across hummingbirds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad M. Eliason
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 S Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, USA
- Grainger Bioinformatics Center, Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 S Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, USA
| | - Jacob C. Cooper
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 S Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, USA
- Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, 1345 Jayhawk Boulevard, Lawrence, KS 66044, USA
- Directora de Monitoreo y Evaluacion de Recursos Naturales del Territorio, Plataforma digital única del Estado Peruano, Iquitos, Perú
| | - Shannon J. Hackett
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 S Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, USA
- Pritzker Laboratory for Molecular Systematics and Evolution, Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 S Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, USA
| | - Erica Zahnle
- Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, 1345 Jayhawk Boulevard, Lawrence, KS 66044, USA
| | - Tatiana Z. Pequeño Saco
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Bioenergética, Universidad Científica del Perú, Iquitos, Perú
| | - Joseph Dylan Maddox
- Pritzker Laboratory for Molecular Systematics and Evolution, Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 S Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, USA
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Bioenergética, Universidad Científica del Perú, Iquitos, Perú
| | - Taylor Hains
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 S Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, USA
- Pritzker Laboratory for Molecular Systematics and Evolution, Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 S Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, USA
| | - Mark E. Hauber
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Behaviour, School at Integrative Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA
| | - John M. Bates
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 S Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, USA
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Nedoluzhko A, Sharko F, Tsygankova S, Boulygina E, Ibragimova A, Teslyuk A, Galindo-Villegas J, Rastorguev S. Genomic evidence supports the introgression between two sympatric stickleback species inhabiting the White Sea basin. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06160. [PMID: 33604473 PMCID: PMC7875830 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Interspecies hybridization is driven by a complex interplay of factors where introgression plays an important role. In the present study, the transfer of genetic material, between two quite distant fish species from different genera, through spontaneous hybridization was documented with dedicated molecular and bioinformatics tools. We investigate the genomic landscape of putative stickleback-relative introgression by carefully analyzing the tractable transposable elements (TE) on the admixed genome of some individuals of two sympatric stickleback species inhabiting northwestern Russia, namely the three-spined (Gasterosteus aculeatus) and the nine-spined (Pungitius pungitius) sticklebacks. Our data revealed that unique TE amplification types exist, supporting our proposed hypothesis that infers on the interspecific introgression. By running a restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-Seq) with eight samples of G. aculeatus and P. pungitius and subjecting further the results to a contrasting analysis by variated bioinformatic tools, we identified the related introgression-linked markers. The admixture nature observed in a single sample of the nine-spined stickleback demonstrated the possible traces of remote introgression between these two species. Our work reveals the potential that introgression has on providing particular variants at a high-frequency speed while linking blocks of sequence with multiple functional mutations. However, even though our results are of significant interest, an increased number of samples displaying the introgression are required to further ascertain our conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem Nedoluzhko
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, 8049 Bodø, Norway
- Corresponding author.
| | - Fedor Sharko
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071, Moscow, Russia
- National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Eugenia Boulygina
- National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Amina Ibragimova
- National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton Teslyuk
- National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Jorge Galindo-Villegas
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, 8049 Bodø, Norway
- Corresponding author.
| | - Sergey Rastorguev
- National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia
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Santos-Santos JH, Audenaert L, Verheyen E, Adriaens D. Ontogenetic divergence generates novel phenotypes in hybrid cichlids. J Anat 2021; 238:1116-1127. [PMID: 33417249 PMCID: PMC8053579 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybridization is suggested to contribute to ecomorphological and taxonomic diversity in lacustrine East African cichlids. This is supported by studies demonstrating that genetic diversity within lake radiations has been influenced by hybridization events, leading to extensive phenotypic differentiation of genetically closely related species. Hybrid persistence and speciation in sympatry with gene flow can be explained by pleiotropy in traits involved in reproductive isolation; however, little attention has been given to how trait differentiation is established during hybrid ontogeny, and how this may relate to trophic and locomotor specialization. This study compares body shape changes in a Lake Victoria cichlid hybrid throughout its post-hatch ontogeny to those of its parental species. Across the considered age/size categories, hybrids occupy a distinct and intermediate morphological space, yet where several transgressive traits emerge. A between-group principal component analysis on body shapes across size categories reveals axes of shape variation exclusive to the hybrids in the youngest/smallest size categories. Shape differences in the hybrids involved morphological traits known to be implicated in trophic and locomotor specializations in the parental species. Combined, our findings suggest that phenotypic divergence in the hybrid can lead to functional differences that may potentially release them to some degree from competition with the parental species. These findings agree with recent literature that addresses the potential importance of hybridization for the unusually recent origin of the Lake Victoria cichlid super-species flock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier H Santos-Santos
- Evolutionary Morphology of Vertebrates, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium.,Department of Biogeography and Global Change, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (MNCN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Leen Audenaert
- OD Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Vertebrates, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Erik Verheyen
- OD Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Vertebrates, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium.,Evolutionary Ecology Group, Biology Department, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Harl J, Haring E, Páll‐Gergely B. Hybridization and recurrent evolution of left-right reversal in the land snail genus Schileykula (Orculidae, Pulmonata). J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2020; 58:633-647. [PMID: 33041524 PMCID: PMC7540069 DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The land snail genus Schileykula Gittenberger, 1983 is distributed in arid limestone areas from western Turkey to north-western Iran. It comprises eight species, which display high variation in shell size and morphology. The cylindrical shells are 5-12 mm in height and the last shell whorls bear several inner lamellae and plicae. Two taxa differ in their chirality having sinistral shells, while all the others are dextrals such as the vast majority of orculids. The aim of this study was to establish a molecular genetic phylogeny of Schileykula and to test whether it conforms to the current morphology-based classification. Furthermore, we were interested in the phylogenetic position of the two sinistral forms in order to assess whether one or two reversals happened in the evolution of the genus. Nine out of ten species, including all four subspecies of Schileykula trapezensis and three of six subspecies of Schileykula scyphus, were investigated. A section of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene was analyzed in 54 specimens of Schileykula and from a subsample, partial sequences of the mitochondrial genes for the 12S rRNA and the 16S rRNA, and a section of the nuclear H4/H3 histone gene cluster were obtained. The phylogenetic trees based on the mitochondrial sequences feature high support values for most nodes, and the species appear well differentiated from each other. The two chiral forms evolved independently and are not sister lineages. However, some groupings disagree with the present morphology-based classification and taxonomical conclusions are drawn. Schileykula trapezensis is polyphyletic in the molecular genetic trees; therefore, three of its subspecies are elevated to species level: Schileykula acampsis Hausdorf, 1996 comb. nov., Schileykula neuberti Hausdorf, 1996 comb. nov., and Schileykula contraria Neubert, 1993 comb. nov. Furthermore, Schileykula sigma is grouped within S. scyphus in the mitochondrial and nuclear trees and consequently treated as a subspecies of the latter (Schileykula scyphus sigma Hausdorf, 1996 comb. nov.). Schileykula nordsiecki, whose shell morphology is indistinguishable from that of the neighboring Schileykula scyphus lycaonica, but who differs in its genital anatomy, was confirmed to represent a distinct lineage. The phylogenies produced by the mitochondrial and nuclear data sets are to some extent conflicting. The patterns differ concerning the grouping of some specimens, suggesting at least two independent hybridization events involving S. contraria, S. scyphus and S. trapezensis. The results exemplify the importance of integrating both mitochondrial and nuclear sequence data in order to complement morphology-based taxonomy, and they provide further evidence for hybridization across distantly related lineages in land snails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Harl
- Institute of PathologyUniversity of Veterinary MedicineViennaAustria
- Central Research LaboratoriesMuseum of Natural HistoryViennaAustria
| | - Elisabeth Haring
- Central Research LaboratoriesMuseum of Natural HistoryViennaAustria
- Department of Integrative ZoologyUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Barna Páll‐Gergely
- Plant Protection InstituteCentre for Agricultural ResearchHungarian Academy of SciencesBudapestHungary
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Presumable incipient hybrid speciation of door snails in previously glaciated areas in the Caucasus. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2016; 97:120-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2015.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Medeiros C, Caldeira RL, Mendonça CLF, Carvalho ODS, D'ávila S. Ontogeny and morphological variability of shell in populations of Leptinaria unilamellata (d'Orbigny, 1835) (Mollusca, Pulmonata, Subulinidae). SPRINGERPLUS 2015; 4:191. [PMID: 25977889 PMCID: PMC4414863 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-0959-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies concerning species of land snails have revealed that the shell morphometrics can provide evidence of the differentiation among populations. In many cases, the morphologic analysis combined with the investigation of molecular variability, can support changes in taxonomy of studied groups. In this sense, the study of shell morphometry during snail development can contribute to the understanding of the structural mechanisms that creates the diversity observed. DESCRIPTION The morphological and ontogenetic pattern differences were collected among snails from four different populations, kept under the same laboratorial conditions. It was possible to distinguish characteristic shell morphometrics for snails from each population. The snails from Barra Mansa and Floriano, locations with smaller precipitation indexes presented smaller shell aperture values. The results are discussed in terms of the role of the reproductive strategy of this species as a factor determining shell shape. CONCLUSIONS Differences in growth allometry indicated that the whole shell forming process is different among the populations, not only the final form of the adult's shell. Some allometry relationships indicated that, during the snails' development, the increase in shell width is not proportional to the increase of the width and height of the shell aperture. Thus, there is possibly an antagonism between the adoption of K-strategy and protection against desiccation. Since the spire indices of L. unilamellata morphotypes cannot be explained by physical functional aspects, the most likely explanation is the reproductive strategy of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Medeiros
- Laboratório de Helmintologia e Malacologia Médica, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fiocruz, Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715, Belo Horizonte, MG 30190-002 Brasil
| | - Roberta Lima Caldeira
- Laboratório de Helmintologia e Malacologia Médica, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fiocruz, Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715, Belo Horizonte, MG 30190-002 Brasil
| | - Cristiane Lafetá Furtado Mendonça
- Laboratório de Helmintologia e Malacologia Médica, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fiocruz, Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715, Belo Horizonte, MG 30190-002 Brasil
| | - Omar Dos Santos Carvalho
- Laboratório de Helmintologia e Malacologia Médica, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fiocruz, Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715, Belo Horizonte, MG 30190-002 Brasil
| | - Sthefane D'ávila
- Museu de Malacologia Prof. Maury Pinto de Oliveira, Programa de Pós graduação em Comportamento e Biologia Animal, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG Brasil
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Morii Y, Yokoyama J, Kawata M, Davison A, Chiba S. Evidence of introgressive hybridization between the morphologically divergent land snailsAinohelixandEzohelix. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Morii
- Graduate School of Life Sciences; Tohoku University; Sendai Miyagi 980-8576 Japan
| | - Jun Yokoyama
- Department of Biology; Faculty of Science; Yamagata University; Kojirakawa Yamagata 990-8560 Japan
| | - Masakado Kawata
- Graduate School of Life Sciences; Tohoku University; Sendai Miyagi 980-8576 Japan
| | - Angus Davison
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics; School of Life Sciences; University of Nottingham; Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Satoshi Chiba
- Graduate School of Life Sciences; Tohoku University; Sendai Miyagi 980-8576 Japan
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Morphological Variation in Wild Marmosets (Callithrix penicillata and C. geoffroyi) and Their Hybrids. Evol Biol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11692-014-9284-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Charrier M, Marie A, Guillaume D, Bédouet L, Le Lannic J, Roiland C, Berland S, Pierre JS, Le Floch M, Frenot Y, Lebouvier M. Soil calcium availability influences shell ecophenotype formation in the sub-antarctic land snail, Notodiscus hookeri. PLoS One 2013; 8:e84527. [PMID: 24376821 PMCID: PMC3869943 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecophenotypes reflect local matches between organisms and their environment, and show plasticity across generations in response to current living conditions. Plastic responses in shell morphology and shell growth have been widely studied in gastropods and are often related to environmental calcium availability, which influences shell biomineralisation. To date, all of these studies have overlooked micro-scale structure of the shell, in addition to how it is related to species responses in the context of environmental pressure. This study is the first to demonstrate that environmental factors induce a bi-modal variation in the shell micro-scale structure of a land gastropod. Notodiscus hookeri is the only native land snail present in the Crozet Archipelago (sub-Antarctic region). The adults have evolved into two ecophenotypes, which are referred to here as MS (mineral shell) and OS (organic shell). The MS-ecophenotype is characterised by a thick mineralised shell. It is primarily distributed along the coastline, and could be associated to the presence of exchangeable calcium in the clay minerals of the soils. The Os-ecophenotype is characterised by a thin organic shell. It is primarily distributed at high altitudes in the mesic and xeric fell-fields in soils with large particles that lack clay and exchangeable calcium. Snails of the Os-ecophenotype are characterised by thinner and larger shell sizes compared to snails of the MS-ecophenotype, indicating a trade-off between mineral thickness and shell size. This pattern increased along a temporal scale; whereby, older adult snails were more clearly separated into two clusters compared to the younger adult snails. The prevalence of glycine-rich proteins in the organic shell layer of N. hookeri, along with the absence of chitin, differs to the organic scaffolds of molluscan biominerals. The present study provides new insights for testing the adaptive value of phenotypic plasticity in response to spatial and temporal environmental variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryvonne Charrier
- Université de Rennes 1, Université Européenne de Bretagne, UMR CNRS 6553, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France
| | - Arul Marie
- Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Plateforme de Spectrométrie de Masse et de Protéomique, UMR CNRS 7245, Département Régulation Développement et Diversité Moléculaire, Paris, France
| | - Damien Guillaume
- Université de Toulouse, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, Géosciences Environnement Toulouse, UMR 5563 (CNRS/UPS/IRD/CNES), Toulouse, France.
| | - Laurent Bédouet
- Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques, UMR CNRS 7208 / IRD 207, Paris, France
| | - Joseph Le Lannic
- Université de Rennes 1, Université Européenne de Bretagne, Service Commun de Microscopie Electronique à Balayage et micro-Analyse, Rennes, France
| | - Claire Roiland
- Université de Rennes 1, Université Européenne de Bretagne, Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6226, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France
| | - Sophie Berland
- Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques, UMR CNRS 7208 / IRD 207, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Sébastien Pierre
- Université de Rennes 1, Université Européenne de Bretagne, UMR CNRS 6553, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France
| | - Marie Le Floch
- Université de Rennes 1, Université Européenne de Bretagne, Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6226, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France
| | - Yves Frenot
- Institut Polaire Français Paul Émile Victor, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, Plouzané, France
| | - Marc Lebouvier
- Université de Rennes 1, Université Européenne de Bretagne, UMR CNRS 6553, Station Biologique, Paimpont, France
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Olave M, Martinez LE, Avila LJ, Sites JW, Morando M. Evidence of hybridization in the Argentinean lizards Liolaemus gracilis and Liolaemus bibronii (IGUANIA: LIOLAEMINI): An integrative approach based on genes and morphology. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2011; 61:381-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2011.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2011] [Revised: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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MIKULA ONDREJ, AUFFRAY JEANCHRISTOPHE, MACHOLAN MILOS. Asymmetric size and shape variation in the Central European transect across the house mouse hybrid zone. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2010.01490.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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12
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Budd AF, Pandolfi JM. Evolutionary novelty is concentrated at the edge of coral species distributions. Science 2010; 328:1558-61. [PMID: 20558718 DOI: 10.1126/science.1188947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Conservation priorities are calculated on the basis of species richness, endemism, and threats. However, areas ranked highly for these factors may not represent regions of maximal evolutionary potential. The relationship between geography and evolutionary innovation was analyzed in a dominant complex of Caribbean reef corals, in which morphological and genetic data concur on species differences. Based on geometric morphometrics of Pleistocene corals and genetically characterized modern colonies, we found that morphological disparity varies from the center to the edge of the Caribbean, and we show that lineages are static at well-connected central locations but split or fuse in edge zones where gene flow is limited. Thus, conservation efforts in corals should focus not only on the centers of diversity but also on peripheral areas of species ranges and population connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann F Budd
- Department of Geoscience, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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Natural hybridization generates mammalian lineage with species characteristics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:11447-52. [PMID: 20534512 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1000133107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Most diploid species arise from single-species ancestors. Hybrid origins of new species are uncommon (except among polyploids) and are documented infrequently in animals. Examples of natural hybridization leading to speciation in mammals are exceedingly rare. Here, we show a Caribbean species of bat (Artibeus schwartzi) has a nuclear genome derived from two nonsister but congeneric species (A. jamaicensis and A. planirostris) and a mitochondrial genome that is from a third extinct or uncharacterized congener. Artibeus schwartzi is self-sustaining, morphologically distinct, and exists in near geographic isolation of its known parent species. Island effects (i.e., area, reduced habitat variability, and geographic isolation) likely have restricted gene flow from parental species into the Caribbean populations of this hybrid lineage, thus contributing to local adaptation and isolation of this newly produced taxon. We hypothesize differential rates of the development of reproductive isolation within the genus and estimate that 2.5 million years was an insufficient amount of time for the development of postzygotic isolation among the three species that hybridized to produce A. schwartzi. Reticulated evolution thus has resulted in a genomic combination from three evolutionary lineages and a transgressive phenotype that is distinct from all other known species of Artibeus. The data herein further demonstrate the phenomenon of speciation by hybridization in mammals is possible in nature.
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Wiwegweaw A, Seki K, Utsuno H, Asami T. Fitness consequences of reciprocally asymmetric hybridization between simultaneous hermaphrodites. Zoolog Sci 2009; 26:191-6. [PMID: 19341339 DOI: 10.2108/zsj.26.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Depending on fitness consequences, hybridization may rescue Inbred populations; generate premating barriers, reproductive Interference, or hybrid species; or extinguish a species. However, the fitness of hybrids is unpredictable without direct quantification of their performance in fitness components across multiple generations. The land snails Bradybaena pellucida and B. similaris, which are Indigenous and non-Indigenous in Japan, respectively, copulate with each other simultaneously and reciprocally. However, only B. pellucida produces hybrids, because it ends mating by removing the penis before transferring a spermatophore, while B. similaris Inseminates B. pellucida. To evaluate the strength of an Intrinsic postzygotic barrier against the hybrids produced by B. pellucida, we conducted breeding experiments in the laboratory and measured six life-history traits: (1) growth rate, (2) body weight at maturity, (3) number of days to first oviposition after being permitted to mate, (4) clutch size, (5) fecundity, and (6) hatchability. We also calculated the relative intrinsic fitness based on five of these trait values (excluding clutch size). F(1) hybrids exhibited heterosis in growth rate, body weight at maturity and relative intrinsic fitness. F(2) hybrids also showed heterosis in body weight at maturity. Nevertheless, the F(2) hybrids produced significantly fewer progeny than the mid-point value of the parental species. Thus, the F(2) hybrids exhibited weak out-breeding depression in reproduction, offsetting their vigor in body size. These results indicate that only a weak postzygotic barrier, contrasting with strong F(1) heterosis, has evolved during genetic divergence of the two sibling species in allopatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amporn Wiwegweaw
- Department of Biology, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
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Dépraz A, Hausser J, Pfenninger M. A species delimitation approach in the Trochulus sericeus/hispidus complex reveals two cryptic species within a sharp contact zone. BMC Evol Biol 2009; 9:171. [PMID: 19622149 PMCID: PMC2724411 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-9-171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2009] [Accepted: 07/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mitochondrial DNA sequencing increasingly results in the recognition of genetically divergent, but morphologically cryptic lineages. Species delimitation approaches that rely on multiple lines of evidence in areas of co-occurrence are particularly powerful to infer their specific status. We investigated the species boundaries of two cryptic lineages of the land snail genus Trochulus in a contact zone, using mitochondrial and nuclear DNA marker as well as shell morphometrics. Results Both mitochondrial lineages have a distinct geographical distribution with a small zone of co-occurrence. In the same area, we detected two nuclear genotype clusters, each being highly significantly associated to one mitochondrial lineage. This association however had exceptions: a small number of individuals in the contact zone showed intermediate genotypes (4%) or cytonuclear disequilibrium (12%). Both mitochondrial lineage and nuclear cluster were statistically significant predictors for the shell shape indicating morphological divergence. Nevertheless, the lineage morphospaces largely overlapped (low posterior classification success rate of 69% and 78%, respectively): the two lineages are truly cryptic. Conclusion The integrative approach using multiple lines of evidence supported the hypothesis that the investigated Trochulus lineages are reproductively isolated species. In the small contact area, however, the lineages hybridise to a limited extent. This detection of a hybrid zone adds an instance to the rare reported cases of hybridisation in land snails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Dépraz
- Lab Centre, Biodiversity & Climate Research Centre, Biocampus Siesmayerstrasse, D-60054 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Clements R, Liew TS, Vermeulen JJ, Schilthuizen M. Further twists in gastropod shell evolution. Biol Lett 2008; 4:179-82. [PMID: 18182365 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2007.0602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The manner in which a gastropod shell coils has long intrigued laypersons and scientists alike. In evolutionary biology, gastropod shells are among the best-studied palaeontological and neontological objects. A gastropod shell generally exhibits logarithmic spiral growth, right-handedness and coils tightly around a single axis. Atypical shell-coiling patterns (e.g. sinistroid growth, uncoiled whorls and multiple coiling axes), however, continue to be uncovered in nature. Here, we report another coiling strategy that is not only puzzling from an evolutionary perspective, but also hitherto unknown among shelled gastropods. The terrestrial gastropod Opisthostoma vermiculum sp. nov. generates a shell with: (i) four discernable coiling axes, (ii) body whorls that thrice detach and twice reattach to preceding whorls without any reference support, and (iii) detached whorls that coil around three secondary axes in addition to their primary teleoconch axis. As the coiling strategies of individuals were found to be generally consistent throughout, this species appears to possess an unorthodox but rigorously defined set of developmental instructions. Although the evolutionary origins of O. vermiculum and its shell's functional significance can be elucidated only once fossil intermediates and live individuals are found, its bewildering morphology suggests that we still lack an understanding of relationships between form and function in certain taxonomic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reuben Clements
- World Wide Fund for Nature-Malaysia, 49, Jalan SS23/15, 47400 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Madec L, Bellido A. Spatial variation of shell morphometrics in the subantarctic land snail Notodiscus hookeri from Crozet and Kerguelen Islands. Polar Biol 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-007-0318-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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