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Jofré Madariaga D, González MT, Días Bórquez C, Macaya EC, Harrod C, Thiel M. Successful intertidal colonization of the invasive macroalga Codium fragile near its equatorial/warm range limit in the South-East Pacific. Biol Invasions 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-023-03015-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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2
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Rodriguez AK, Krug PJ. Ecological speciation by sympatric host shifts in a clade of herbivorous sea slugs, with introgression and localized mitochondrial capture between species. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2022; 174:107523. [PMID: 35589054 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Host shifting in insect-plant systems was historically important to the development of ecological speciation theory, yet surprisingly few studies have examined whether host shifting drives diversification of marine herbivores. When small-bodied consumers feed and also mate on a preferred host, disruptive selection can split a population into host races despite gene flow. Support for host shifts is notably lacking for invertebrates associated with macroalgae, where the scale of dispersal by planktonic larvae often far exceeds the grain of host patchiness, and adults are typically less specialized than terrestrial herbivores. Here, we present a candidate example of ecological speciation in a clade of sea slugs that primarily consume green algae in the genus Caulerpa, including highly invasive species. Ancestral character state reconstructions supported 'sea grapes' (C. racemosa, C. lentillifera) as the ancestral host for a tropical radiation of 12 Elysia spp., with one shift onto alternative Caulerpa spp. in the Indo-Pacific. A Caribbean radiation of three species included symaptric host shifts to Rhipocephalus brevicaulis in the ancestor of E. pratensis Ortea & Espinosa, 1996, and to C. prolifera in E. hamanni Krug, Vendetti & Valdes 2016, plus a niche expansion to a range of Caulerpa spp. in E. subornata Verrill, 1901. All three species are broadly sympatric across the Caribbean but are host-partitioned at a fine grain, and distinct by morphology and at nuclear loci. However, non-recombining mtDNA revealed a history of gene flow between E. pratensis and E. subornata: COI haplotypes from E. subornata were 10.4% divergent from E. pratensis haplotypes from four sites, but closely related to all E. pratensis haplotypes sampled from six Bahamian islands, indicating historical introgression and localized "mitochondrial capture." Disruptive selective likely fueled divergence and adaptation to distinct host environments, indicating ecological speciation may be an under-appreciated driver of diversification for marine herbivores as well as epibionts and other resource specialists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert K Rodriguez
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, CA 90032-8201, U.S.A
| | - Patrick J Krug
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, CA 90032-8201, U.S.A.
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3
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Manca F, Mulà C, Gustafsson C, Mauri A, Roslin T, Thomas DN, Benedetti-Cecchi L, Norkko A, Strona G. Unveiling the complexity and ecological function of aquatic macrophyte-animal networks in coastal ecosystems. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2022; 97:1306-1324. [PMID: 35174616 PMCID: PMC9544924 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Network theory offers innovative tools to explore the complex ecological mechanisms regulating species associations and interactions. Although interest in ecological networks has grown steadily during the last two decades, the application of network approaches has been unequally distributed across different study systems: while some kinds of interactions (e.g. plant-pollinator and host-parasite) have been extensively investigated, others remain relatively unexplored. Among the latter, aquatic macrophyte-animal associations in coastal environments have been largely neglected, despite their major role in littoral ecosystems. The ubiquity of macrophyte systems, their accessibility and multi-faceted ecological, economical and societal importance make macrophyte-animal systems an ideal subject for ecological network science. In fact, macrophyte-animal networks offer an aquatic counterpart to terrestrial plant-animal networks. In this review, we show how the application of network analysis to aquatic macrophyte-animal associations has the potential to broaden our understanding of how coastal ecosystems function. Network analysis can also provide a key to understanding how such ecosystems will respond to on-going and future threats from anthropogenic disturbance and environmental change. For this, we: (i) identify key issues that have limited the application of network theory and modelling to aquatic animal-macrophyte associations; (ii) illustrate through examples based on empirical data how network analysis can offer new insights on the complexity and functioning of coastal ecosystems; and (iii) provide suggestions for how to design future studies and establish this new research line into network ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Manca
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, PO Box 65 Viikinkaari 1, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Clelia Mulà
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, PO Box 65 Viikinkaari 1, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Camilla Gustafsson
- Tvärminne Zoological Station, University of Helsinki, J.A. Palménin tie 260, Hanko, 10900, Finland
| | - Achille Mauri
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, PO Box 65 Viikinkaari 1, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Tomas Roslin
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Ulls väg 16, Uppsala, 756 51, Sweden.,Spatial Foodweb Ecology Group, Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27 Latokartanonkaari 5, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - David N Thomas
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, PO Box 65 Viikinkaari 1, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | | | - Alf Norkko
- Tvärminne Zoological Station, University of Helsinki, J.A. Palménin tie 260, Hanko, 10900, Finland.,Baltic Sea Centre, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 20 F, Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden
| | - Giovanni Strona
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, PO Box 65 Viikinkaari 1, Helsinki, 00014, Finland.,Research Centre for Ecological Change, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, PO Box 65 Viikinkaari 1, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
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Barber K, Middlebrooks M, Bell S, Pierce S. The Specialist Marine Herbivore Elysia papillosa Grows Faster on a Less Utilized Algal Diet. THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2021; 241:158-167. [PMID: 34706209 DOI: 10.1086/716508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
AbstractMany small specialist herbivores utilize their food resources both for nutrition and as a structural refuge or resource. Trophic linkage cannot solely be inferred from physical association of herbivores with a potential food item, because herbivores may temporarily inhabit algae or plants on which they do not feed. Elysia papillosa, a small sacoglossan sea slug, consumes and sequesters chloroplasts from the siphonaceous, chlorophytic alga Penicillus capitatus; it also maintains moderate densities on this alga. Recently, E. papillosa was also infrequently found in association with the alga Penicillus lamourouxii, which displays density similar to that of P. capitatus. After collecting E. papillosa from each of the two algal species from a shallow-water site along the west central coast of Florida, we used DNA barcoding of the rbcL gene sequences in order to determine whether the slug was consuming both algal species. The molecular data indicated that E. papillosa consumed and sequestered chloroplasts from the same algal species from which they were collected. A laboratory feeding experiment tested whether algal diet (P. capitatus or P. lamourouxii) had an impact on slug growth rate as measured by change in body size (mm). After 3 weeks E. papillosa fed P. lamourouxii achieved a mean body length that was 1.5-2 times that recorded for slugs fed P. capitatus, but maximum growth depended on the original field host. Thus, while the highest densities of E. papillosa in the field occurred on P. capitatus, slugs grew much faster on P. lamourouxii in the laboratory. The observed association of E. papillosa with P. capitatus must be related to other factors, such as foraging efficiency, algal morphology, algal biochemistry, or algal suitability as a refuge.
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First Record of the Nudibranch Tenellia adspersa (Nordmann, 1845) in Portugal, Associated with the Invasive Hydrozoan Cordylophora caspia (Pallas, 1771). DIVERSITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/d12060214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The estuarine nudibranch Tenellia adspersa (Nordmann, 1845) was recorded for the first time in Portugal, while sampling for fouling fauna of artificial structures along the salinity gradient of the Guadiana estuary (SW Iberian Peninsula). Two specimens were found in association with the invasive hydrozoan Cordylophora caspia (Pallas, 1771) and kept in the laboratory for taxonomy purposes. After two days, batches of eggs were seen in C. caspia branches, while the nudibranchs were also actively feeding on the hydrozoan polyps. The fast generation times of T. adspersa, along with its food preference for C. caspia, might suggest a positive role of the nudibranch on controlling this invasive hydrozoan in the Guadiana estuary. Introduction routes and facilitation interactions are discussed.
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Krug PJ, Wong NLWS, Medina MR, Gosliner TM, Valdés ÁA. Cryptic speciation yields remarkable mimics: A new genus of sea slugs that masquerade as toxic algae (
Caulerpa
spp.). ZOOL SCR 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J. Krug
- Department of Biological Sciences California State University Los Angeles California
| | - Nur Leena W. S. Wong
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang Selangor Malaysia
| | - Melanie R. Medina
- Department of Biological Sciences California State University Los Angeles California
| | | | - Ángel A. Valdés
- Department of Biological Sciences California State Polytechnic University Pomona California
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Oladi M, Nasrolahi A, Ahmadzadeh F, Alizadeh O, Krug PJ. Molecular confirmation of the occurrence of Elysia cf. tomentosa (Mollusca: Heterobranchia) in the Persian Gulf. ZOOLOGY IN THE MIDDLE EAST 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09397140.2018.1444571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Oladi
- Department of Aquatic Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Nasrolahi
- Department of Aquatic Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Tehran, Iran
| | - Faraham Ahmadzadeh
- Department of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Management, Environmental Sciences Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Patrick J. Krug
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, USA
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Berriman JS, Ellingson RA, Awbrey JD, Rico DM, Valdés ÁA, Wilson NG, Aguilar A, Herbert DG, Hirano YM, Trowbridge CD, Krug PJ. A biting commentary: Integrating tooth characters with molecular data doubles known species diversity in a lineage of sea slugs that consume "killer algae". Mol Phylogenet Evol 2018. [PMID: 29524652 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2018.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Predicting biotic resistance to highly invasive strains of "killer algae" (Caulerpa spp.) requires understanding the diversity and feeding preferences of native consumers, including sea slugs in family Oxynoidae. Past studies reported low algal host specificity for Oxynoe (6 spp.) and Lobiger (4 spp.), but these taxonomically challenging slugs may represent species complexes of unrecognized specialists that prefer different Caulerpa spp. Here, we assess global diversity of these genera by integrating gene sequences with morphological data from microscopic teeth and internal shells, the only hard parts in these soft-bodied invertebrates. Four delimitation methods applied to datasets comprising mtDNA and/or nuclear alleles yielded up to 16 species hypotheses for samples comprising five nominal taxa, including five highly divergent species in Lobiger and five in Oxynoe. Depending on the analysis, a further four to six species were recovered in the O. antillarum-viridis complex, a clade in which mitochondrial divergence was low and nuclear alleles were shared among lineages. Bayesian species delimitation using only morphological data supported most candidate species, however, and integrative analyses combining morphological and genetic data fully supported all complex members. Collectively, our findings double the recognized biodiversity in Oxynoidae, and illustrate the value of including data from traits that mediate fast-evolving ecological interactions during species delimitation. Preference for Caulerpa spp. and radular tooth characteristics covaried among newly delimited species, highlighting an unappreciated degree of host specialization and coevolution in these taxa that may help predict their role in containing outbreaks of invasive algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Berriman
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, CA 90032-8201, USA
| | - Ryan A Ellingson
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, CA 90032-8201, USA
| | - Jaymes D Awbrey
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, CA 90032-8201, USA
| | - Diane M Rico
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, CA 90032-8201, USA
| | - Ángel A Valdés
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, CA 91768, USA
| | - Nerida G Wilson
- Western Australian Museum, Kew Street, Welshpool, Perth, Western Australia 6106, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Andres Aguilar
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, CA 90032-8201, USA
| | - David G Herbert
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P. Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
| | - Yayoi M Hirano
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Japan
| | - Cynthia D Trowbridge
- University of Oregon, Oregon Institute of Marine Biology, PO Box 5389, Charleston, OR 97420, USA
| | - Patrick J Krug
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, CA 90032-8201, USA.
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Krug PJ, Berriman JS, Valdés Á. Phylogenetic systematics of the shelled sea slug genus Oxynoe Rafinesque, 1814 (Heterobranchia : Sacoglossa), with integrative descriptions of seven new species. INVERTEBR SYST 2018. [DOI: 10.1071/is17080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
An integrative approach to investigate the species-level diversity in Oxynoe (Mollusca, Heterobranchia, Sacoglossa) revealed the existence of 11 distinct taxa. Oxynoe viridis (Pease, 1861) and Oxynoe antillarum Mörch, 1863 are redescribed; Oxynoe natalensis E. A. Smith, 1903 and Oxynoe azuropunctata Jensen, 1980 are regarded as valid. Species originally described from empty shells are regarded as nomina dubia. Seven new species are described, four from the tropical Indo-West Pacific: Oxynoe kylei, sp. nov., Oxynoe neridae, sp. nov., Oxynoe jordani, sp. nov. and Oxynoe jacksoni, sp. nov.; and two from the tropical Atlantic: Oxynoe struthioe, sp. nov. and Oxynoe ilani, sp. nov. The name Oxynoe panamensis Pilsbry & Olsson, 1943 has been applied to eastern Pacific specimens, but was introduced based on material collected from the Caribbean; therefore, the new name Oxynoe aliciae, sp. nov. is introduced for eastern Pacific specimens. Species are delineated using molecular and morphological traits, as well as algal host and reproductive biology. Results from morphological comparisons are concordant with molecular and integrative species delimitation analyses, providing robust evidence for species hypotheses. As Oxynoe is one of the few groups specialised to feed on the green algal genus Caulerpa, which includes highly invasive species, clarifying the taxonomy of Oxynoe may inform efforts to predict community response to disruptive algal invasions.
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Rojo I, Olabarria C, Santamaria M, Provan J, Gallardo T, Viejo RM. Coexistence of congeneric native and invasive species: the case of the green algae Codium spp. in northwestern Spain. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 101:135-144. [PMID: 25440783 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We examined the patterns of distribution and abundance, and reproductive traits (presence of gametophytes and size at time of reproduction) in the invasive Codium fragile ssp. fragile and the native C. tomentosum and C. vermilara on intertidal habitats of NW Spain at two dates. All three species coexist in the locations and habitats studied, although abundances were low. We found a greater proportion of C. fragile ssp. fragile towards the east of the Cantabrian coast and on upper levels on the shore, where conditions are more stressful. The proportion of thalli bearing gametangia in C. fragile ssp. fragile was greater than in the native species in all habitats. The presence of gametangia was size-dependent for all species, with the invasive species maturing at a smaller size, which combined with the previous features, might confer competitive advantages to this species over the native species. We also demonstrated that molecular analyses are necessary for the correct identification of C. fragile subspecies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Rojo
- Dpto. Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal, Facultade de Ciencias do Mar, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain.
| | - Celia Olabarria
- Dpto. Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal, Facultade de Ciencias do Mar, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Marta Santamaria
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Spain
| | - Jim Provan
- School of Biological Sciences/Institute for Global Food Security, The Queen's University of Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Tomás Gallardo
- Dpto. Biología Vegetal I, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, c/José Antonio Novais 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa M Viejo
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Spain
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11
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Abundance and size distribution of the sacoglossan Elysia viridis on co-occurring algal hosts on the Swedish west coast. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92472. [PMID: 24647524 PMCID: PMC3960251 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sacoglossans are specialized marine herbivores that tend to have a close evolutionary relationship with their macroalgal hosts, but the widely distributed species Elysia viridis can associate with several algal species. However, most previous investigations on the field abundance and size distribution of E. viridis have focussed on Codium spp. in the British Isles, and algae from this genus are considered superior hosts for E. viridis. In the present study, we investigated the abundance and size distribution of E. viridis on 6 potential host algae with differing morphologies (the septate species Cladophora sericea, Cladophora rupestris, Chaetomorpha melagonium, and Ceramium virgatum, as well as the siphonaceous species Codium fragile and Bryopsis sp.) at 2 sites on the Swedish west coast over the course of a year. In spring, slugs were almost absent from all algal hosts. In summer and autumn, E. viridis consistently occurred on several of the algal species at both sites. The highest number of small E. viridis were found on C. sericea, intermediate numbers of significantly larger E. viridis were found on C. rupestris, while fewer, intermediate sized animals were found on C. fragile. Throughout the study period, only a few E. viridis individuals were found on C. melagonium, Bryopsis sp., and C. virgatum. Our results indicate that E. viridis is an annual species in Sweden, capable of exploiting co-occurring congeneric and intergeneric algal hosts with differing morphologies. These results corroborate previous findings that E. viridis can exploit several different algal species, but does not indicate that C. fragile is a superior host.
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Jormalainen V, Koivikko R, Ossipov V, Lindqvist M. Quantifying variation and chemical correlates of bladderwrack quality - herbivore population makes a difference. Funct Ecol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2011.01841.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Barber NA, Marquis RJ, Tori WP. INVASIVE PREY IMPACTS THE ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF NATIVE PREDATORS. Ecology 2008; 89:2678-83. [DOI: 10.1890/08-0395.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Strayer DL, Eviner VT, Jeschke JM, Pace ML. Understanding the long-term effects of species invasions. Trends Ecol Evol 2006; 21:645-51. [PMID: 16859805 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2006.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 406] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2006] [Revised: 06/22/2006] [Accepted: 07/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We describe here the ecological and evolutionary processes that modulate the effects of invasive species over time, and argue that such processes are so widespread and important that ecologists should adopt a long-term perspective on the effects of invasive species. These processes (including evolution, shifts in species composition, accumulation of materials and interactions with abiotic variables) can increase, decrease, or qualitatively change the impacts of an invader through time. However, most studies of the effects of invasive species have been brief and lack a temporal context; 40% of recent studies did not even state the amount of time that had passed since the invasion. Ecologists need theory and empirical data to enable prediction, understanding and management of the acute and chronic effects of species invasions.
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Can Invasive Species Facilitate Native Species? Evidence of How, When, and Why These Impacts Occur. Biol Invasions 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-005-5103-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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16
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Edelman AJ, Koprowski JL. SELECTION OF DREY SITES BY ABERT'S SQUIRRELS IN AN INTRODUCED POPULATION. J Mammal 2005. [DOI: 10.1644/04-mamm-a-029r1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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17
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Parker JD, Hay ME. Biotic resistance to plant invasions? Native herbivores prefer non‐native plants. Ecol Lett 2005; 8:959-967. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00799.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John D. Parker
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332–0230, USA
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