1
|
Henderson SR, Geoghegan JA. The A domain of clonal complex 1-type fibronectin binding protein B promotes adherence and biofilm formation in Staphylococcus aureus. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2023; 169:001348. [PMID: 37326621 PMCID: PMC10333788 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Adhesive interactions between Staphylococcus aureus and the host rely on cell-wall-anchored proteins such as fibronectin-binding protein B (FnBPB). Recently we showed that the FnBPB protein expressed by clonal complex (CC) 1 isolates of S. aureus mediates bacterial adhesion to corneodesmosin. The proposed ligand-binding region of CC1-type FnBPB shares just 60 % amino acid identity with the archetypal FnBPB protein from CC8. Here we investigated ligand binding and biofilm formation by CC1-type FnBPB. We found that the A domain of FnBPB binds to fibrinogen and corneodesmosin and identified residues within the hydrophobic ligand trench in the A domain that are essential for the binding of CC1-type FnBPB to ligands and during biofilm formation. We further investigated the interplay between different ligands and the influence of ligand binding on biofilm formation. Overall, our study provides new insights into the requirements for CC1-type FnBPB-mediated adhesion to host proteins and FnBPB-mediated biofilm formation in S. aureus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara R. Henderson
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Joan A. Geoghegan
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Paiva T, Viljoen A, da Costa TM, Geoghegan JA, Dufrêne YF. Interaction of the Staphylococcus aureus Surface Protein FnBPB with Corneodesmosin Involves Two Distinct, Extremely Strong Bonds. ACS NANOSCIENCE AU 2022; 3:58-66. [PMID: 36820093 PMCID: PMC9936583 DOI: 10.1021/acsnanoscienceau.2c00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Attachment of Staphylococcus aureus to human skin corneocyte cells plays a critical role in exacerbating the severity of atopic dermatitis (AD). Pathogen-skin adhesion is mediated by bacterial cell-surface proteins called adhesins, including fibronectin-binding protein B (FnBPB). FnBPB binds to corneodesmosin (CDSN), a glycoprotein exposed on AD patient corneocytes. Using single-molecule experiments, we demonstrate that CDSN binding by FnBPB relies on a sophisticated two-site mechanism. Both sites form extremely strong bonds with binding forces of ∼1 and ∼2.5 nN albeit with faster dissociation rates than those reported for homologues of the adhesin. This previously unidentified two-binding site interaction in FnBPB illustrates its remarkable variety of adhesive functions and is of biological significance as the high strength and short bond lifetime will favor efficient skin colonization by the pathogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Telmo
O. Paiva
- Louvain
Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Croix du Sud, 4-5, L7.07.07, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Albertus Viljoen
- Louvain
Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Croix du Sud, 4-5, L7.07.07, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Thaina M. da Costa
- Department
of Microbiology, Moyne Institute of Preventive Medicine, School of
Genetics and Microbiology, Trinity College
Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Joan A. Geoghegan
- Department
of Microbiology, Moyne Institute of Preventive Medicine, School of
Genetics and Microbiology, Trinity College
Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland,Institute
of Microbiology and Infection, University
of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.,
| | - Yves F. Dufrêne
- Louvain
Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Croix du Sud, 4-5, L7.07.07, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium,
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Towell AM, Feuillie C, Vitry P, Da Costa TM, Mathelié-Guinlet M, Kezic S, Fleury OM, McAleer MA, Dufrêne YF, Irvine AD, Geoghegan JA. Staphylococcus aureus binds to the N-terminal region of corneodesmosin to adhere to the stratum corneum in atopic dermatitis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2014444118. [PMID: 33361150 PMCID: PMC7817190 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2014444118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus colonizes the skin of the majority of patients with atopic dermatitis (AD), and its presence increases disease severity. Adhesion of S. aureus to corneocytes in the stratum corneum is a key initial event in colonization, but the bacterial and host factors contributing to this process have not been defined. Here, we show that S. aureus interacts with the host protein corneodesmosin. Corneodesmosin is aberrantly displayed on the tips of villus-like projections that occur on the surface of AD corneocytes as a result of low levels of skin humectants known as natural moisturizing factor (NMF). An S. aureus mutant deficient in fibronectin binding protein B (FnBPB) and clumping factor B (ClfB) did not bind to corneodesmosin in vitro. Using surface plasmon resonance, we found that FnBPB and ClfB proteins bound with similar affinities. The S. aureus binding site was localized to the N-terminal glycine-serine-rich region of corneodesmosin. Atomic force microscopy showed that the N-terminal region was present on corneocytes containing low levels of NMF and that blocking it with an antibody inhibited binding of individual S. aureus cells to corneocytes. Finally, we found that S. aureus mutants deficient in FnBPB or ClfB have a reduced ability to adhere to low-NMF corneocytes from patients. In summary, we show that FnBPB and ClfB interact with the accessible N-terminal region of corneodesmosin on AD corneocytes, allowing S. aureus to take advantage of the aberrant display of corneodesmosin that accompanies low NMF in AD. This interaction facilitates the characteristic strong binding of S. aureus to AD corneocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aisling M Towell
- Department of Microbiology, Moyne Institute of Preventive Medicine, School of Genetics and Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Cécile Feuillie
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Pauline Vitry
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Thaina M Da Costa
- Department of Microbiology, Moyne Institute of Preventive Medicine, School of Genetics and Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Marion Mathelié-Guinlet
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Sanja Kezic
- Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Orla M Fleury
- Department of Microbiology, Moyne Institute of Preventive Medicine, School of Genetics and Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Maeve A McAleer
- Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Yves F Dufrêne
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology, B-1300 Wavre, Belgium
| | - Alan D Irvine
- Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Joan A Geoghegan
- Department of Microbiology, Moyne Institute of Preventive Medicine, School of Genetics and Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland;
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Birmingham, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Valentin F, Wiegmann H, Tarinski T, Nikolenko H, Traupe H, Liebau E, Dathe M, Oji V. Development of a pathogenesis-based therapy for peeling skin syndrome type 1. Br J Dermatol 2020; 184:1123-1131. [PMID: 32926582 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.19546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peeling skin syndrome type 1 (PSS1) is a rare and severe autosomal recessive form of congenital ichthyosis. Patients are affected by pronounced erythroderma accompanied by pruritus and superficial generalized peeling of the skin. The disease is caused by nonsense mutations or complete deletion of the CDSN gene encoding for corneodesmosin (CDSN). PSS1 severely impairs quality of life and therapeutic approaches are totally unsatisfactory. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to develop the first steps towards a specific protein replacement therapy for CDSN deficiency. Using this approach, we aimed to restore the lack of CDSN and improve cell-cell cohesion in the transition area of the stratum granulosum (SG) to the stratum corneum. METHODS Human CDSN was recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli. A liposome-based carrier system, prepared with a cationic lipopeptide to mediate the transport to the outer membrane of keratinocytes, was developed. This formulation was chosen for CDSN delivery into the skin. The liposomal carrier system was characterized with respect to size, stability and toxicity. Furthermore, the interaction with primary keratinocytes and human epidermal equivalents was investigated. RESULTS The liposomes showed an accumulation at the membranes of keratinocytes. CDSN-deficient epidermal equivalents that were treated with liposomal encapsulated CDSN demonstrated presence of CDSN in the SG. Finally, the penetration assay and histological examinations revealed an improved epidermal integrity for CDSN-deficient epidermal equivalents, if they were treated with liposomal encapsulated CDSN. CONCLUSIONS This study presents the first preclinical in vitro experiments for a future specific protein replacement therapy for patients affected by PSS1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Valentin
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, 48149, Germany.,Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, University Hospital Münster, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - H Wiegmann
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - T Tarinski
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - H Nikolenko
- Leibniz Research Institute of Molecular Pharmacology (FMP), Berlin, 13125, Germany
| | - H Traupe
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - E Liebau
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Department of Molecular Physiology, University of Münster, Münster, 48143, Germany
| | - M Dathe
- Leibniz Research Institute of Molecular Pharmacology (FMP), Berlin, 13125, Germany
| | - V Oji
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, 48149, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abbas Zadeh S, Mlitz V, Lachner J, Golabi B, Mildner M, Pammer J, Tschachler E, Eckhart L. Phylogenetic profiling and gene expression studies implicate a primary role of PSORS1C2 in terminal differentiation of keratinocytes. Exp Dermatol 2017; 26:352-358. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Salman Abbas Zadeh
- Research Division of Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin; Department of Dermatology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Veronika Mlitz
- Research Division of Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin; Department of Dermatology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Julia Lachner
- Research Division of Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin; Department of Dermatology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Bahar Golabi
- Research Division of Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin; Department of Dermatology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Michael Mildner
- Research Division of Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin; Department of Dermatology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Johannes Pammer
- Department of Pathology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Erwin Tschachler
- Research Division of Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin; Department of Dermatology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Leopold Eckhart
- Research Division of Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin; Department of Dermatology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
Desmosomes serve as intercellular junctions in various tissues including the skin and the heart where they play a crucial role in cell-cell adhesion, signalling and differentiation. The desmosomes connect the cell surface to the keratin cytoskeleton and are composed of a transmembranal part consisting mainly of desmosomal cadherins, armadillo proteins and desmoplakin, which form the intracytoplasmic desmosomal plaque. Desmosomal genodermatoses are caused by mutations in genes encoding the various desmosomal components. They are characterized by skin, hair and cardiac manifestations occurring in diverse combinations. Their classification into a separate and distinct clinical group not only recognizes their common pathogenesis and facilitates their diagnosis but might also in the future form the basis for the design of novel and targeted therapies for these occasionally life-threatening diseases.
Collapse
|
7
|
Peeling off the genetics of atopic dermatitis–like congenital disorders. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 134:808-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
8
|
Abstract
Desmosomes are intercellular junctions that contribute to cell-cell adhesion, signalling, development and differentiation in various tissues, including the skin. Composed of a network of transmembranous and intracellular plaque proteins, pathogenic autosomal dominant or recessive mutations have been reported in 10 different desmosomal genes, resulting in a spectrum of phenotypes variably affecting skin, hair and heart. This review summarizes the molecular pathology and phenotypes that predominantly affect the skin/hair. Recent desmosomal genodermatoses described include lethal congenital epidermolysis bullosa (plakoglobin), cardiomyopathy with alopecia and palmoplantar keratoderma (plakoglobin), hypotrichosis with scalp vesicles (desmocollin 3), and generalized peeling skin disease (corneodesmosin). Understanding the range of clinical phenotypes in combination with knowledge of the inherent desmosome gene mutation(s) is helpful in managing and counselling patients, as well as providing insight into the biological function of specific components of desmosomes in skin and other tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Petrof
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London (Guy's Campus), London SE1 9RT, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Piel en el siglo XXI. REVISTA MÉDICA CLÍNICA LAS CONDES 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0716-8640(11)70483-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
|
10
|
Bowden PE. Peeling skin syndrome: genetic defects in late terminal differentiation of the epidermis. J Invest Dermatol 2011; 131:561-4. [PMID: 21307953 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2010.434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In this issue, Israeli and colleagues confirm that homozygous mutations in corneodesmosin (CDSN) cause type B peeling skin syndrome (PSS), an autosomal recessive skin disorder. The deletion mutation described resulted in a frameshift, producing a downstream premature stop codon and early truncation of the protein. The recently described CDSN nonsense mutation in another PSS family also resulted in protein truncation and nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. Type B generalized PSS can now be clearly distinguished from acral PSS, caused by mutations in transglutaminase 5. This directly affects cornified envelope cross-linking rather than corneodesmosome adherence. These observations provide new insight into the molecular defects underlying two closely related forms of PSS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul E Bowden
- Department of Dermatology and Wound Healing, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Inflammatory Peeling Skin Syndrome Caused by a Mutation in CDSN Encoding Corneodesmosin. J Invest Dermatol 2011; 131:779-81. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2010.363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
12
|
Hia J, Nasir A. Photonanodermatology: the interface of photobiology, dermatology and nanotechnology. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2011; 27:2-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0781.2010.00536.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
13
|
Caubet C, Bousset L, Clemmensen O, Sourigues Y, Bygum A, Chavanas S, Coudane F, Hsu C, Betz RC, Melki R, Simon M, Serre G. A new amyloidosis caused by fibrillar aggregates of mutated corneodesmosin. FASEB J 2010; 24:3416-26. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.10-155622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Caubet
- UMR5165 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)‐University of Toulouse IIIInstitut Fédératif de Recherche IFR150 (INSERM‐CNRS‐Université Paul Sabatier‐Centre Hospitalier Universitaire) Toulouse France
| | - Luc Bousset
- Laboratoire d'Enzymologie et Biochimie StructuralesUPR3082CNRS Gif‐sur‐Yvette France
| | - Ole Clemmensen
- Department of Clinical PathologyOdense University Hospital Denmark
| | - Yannick Sourigues
- Laboratoire d'Enzymologie et Biochimie StructuralesUPR3082CNRS Gif‐sur‐Yvette France
| | - Anette Bygum
- Department of DermatologyOdense University Hospital Denmark
| | - Stéphane Chavanas
- UMR5165 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)‐University of Toulouse IIIInstitut Fédératif de Recherche IFR150 (INSERM‐CNRS‐Université Paul Sabatier‐Centre Hospitalier Universitaire) Toulouse France
| | - Fanny Coudane
- UMR5165 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)‐University of Toulouse IIIInstitut Fédératif de Recherche IFR150 (INSERM‐CNRS‐Université Paul Sabatier‐Centre Hospitalier Universitaire) Toulouse France
| | - Chiung‐Yueh Hsu
- UMR5165 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)‐University of Toulouse IIIInstitut Fédératif de Recherche IFR150 (INSERM‐CNRS‐Université Paul Sabatier‐Centre Hospitalier Universitaire) Toulouse France
| | - Regina C. Betz
- Institute of Human GeneticsUniversity of Bonn Bonn Germany
| | - Ronald Melki
- Laboratoire d'Enzymologie et Biochimie StructuralesUPR3082CNRS Gif‐sur‐Yvette France
| | - Michel Simon
- UMR5165 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)‐University of Toulouse IIIInstitut Fédératif de Recherche IFR150 (INSERM‐CNRS‐Université Paul Sabatier‐Centre Hospitalier Universitaire) Toulouse France
| | - Guy Serre
- UMR5165 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)‐University of Toulouse IIIInstitut Fédératif de Recherche IFR150 (INSERM‐CNRS‐Université Paul Sabatier‐Centre Hospitalier Universitaire) Toulouse France
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Leclerc EA, Huchenq A, Mattiuzzo NR, Metzger D, Chambon P, Ghyselinck NB, Serre G, Jonca N, Guerrin M. Corneodesmosin gene ablation induces lethal skin-barrier disruption and hair-follicle degeneration related to desmosome dysfunction. J Cell Sci 2009; 122:2699-709. [PMID: 19596793 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.050302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Corneodesmosin (CDSN) is specific to desmosomes of epithelia undergoing cornification, mainly the epidermis and the inner root sheath of the hair follicles. CDSN nonsense mutations are associated with hypotrichosis simplex of the scalp, a rare disease that leads to complete baldness in young adults. CDSN displays adhesive properties, mostly attributable to its N-terminal glycine-rich domain, and is sequentially proteolyzed as corneocytes migrate towards the skin surface. K14-promoter driven Cre-mediated deletion of Cdsn in mice resulted in neonatal death as a result of epidermal tearing upon minor mechanical stress. Ultrastructural analyses revealed a desmosomal break at the interface between the living and cornified layers. After grafting onto nude mice, knockout skin showed a chronic defect in the epidermal permeability barrier. The epidermis was first hyperproliferative with a thick cornified layer, then, both the epidermis and the hair follicles degenerated. In adults, Cdsn deletion resulted in similar histological abnormalities and in a lethal barrier defect. We demonstrate that Cdsn is not essential for skin-barrier formation in utero, but is vital throughout life to preserve this barrier by maintaining desmosome integrity. The strong adhesive function that the protein confers on corneodesmosomes also seems necessary for maintaining the architecture of the hair follicle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilie A Leclerc
- UMR 5165 ;Différenciation Epidermique et Autoimmunité Rhumatoïde' (UDEAR), CNRS - Université Toulouse III, IFR150, INSERM, CHU PURPAN, Place du Dr Baylac, TSA 40031, F-31059 Toulouse, Cedex 9, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Simon M, Tazi-Ahnini R, Jonca N, Caubet C, Cork M, Serre G. Alterations in the desquamation-related proteolytic cleavage of corneodesmosin and other corneodesmosomal proteins in psoriatic lesional epidermis. Br J Dermatol 2008; 159:77-85. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08578.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
16
|
Toulza E, Mattiuzzo NR, Galliano MF, Jonca N, Dossat C, Jacob D, de Daruvar A, Wincker P, Serre G, Guerrin M. Large-scale identification of human genes implicated in epidermal barrier function. Genome Biol 2008; 8:R107. [PMID: 17562024 PMCID: PMC2394760 DOI: 10.1186/gb-2007-8-6-r107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2007] [Revised: 05/24/2007] [Accepted: 06/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of genes expressed in epidermal granular keratinocytes by ORESTES, including a number that are highly specific for these cells. Background During epidermal differentiation, keratinocytes progressing through the suprabasal layers undergo complex and tightly regulated biochemical modifications leading to cornification and desquamation. The last living cells, the granular keratinocytes (GKs), produce almost all of the proteins and lipids required for the protective barrier function before their programmed cell death gives rise to corneocytes. We present here the first analysis of the transcriptome of human GKs, purified from healthy epidermis by an original approach. Results Using the ORESTES method, 22,585 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were produced that matched 3,387 genes. Despite normalization provided by this method (mean 4.6 ORESTES per gene), some highly transcribed genes, including that encoding dermokine, were overrepresented. About 330 expressed genes displayed less than 100 ESTs in UniGene clusters and are most likely to be specific for GKs and potentially involved in barrier function. This hypothesis was tested by comparing the relative expression of 73 genes in the basal and granular layers of epidermis by quantitative RT-PCR. Among these, 33 were identified as new, highly specific markers of GKs, including those encoding a protease, protease inhibitors and proteins involved in lipid metabolism and transport. We identified filaggrin 2 (also called ifapsoriasin), a poorly characterized member of the epidermal differentiation complex, as well as three new lipase genes clustered with paralogous genes on chromosome 10q23.31. A new gene of unknown function, C1orf81, is specifically disrupted in the human genome by a frameshift mutation. Conclusion These data increase the present knowledge of genes responsible for the formation of the skin barrier and suggest new candidates for genodermatoses of unknown origin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eve Toulza
- UMR 5165 "Epidermis Differentiation and Rheumatoid Autoimmunity", CNRS - Toulouse III University (IFR 30, INSERM - CNRS - Toulouse III University - CHU), allées Jules Guesde, 31073 Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas R Mattiuzzo
- UMR 5165 "Epidermis Differentiation and Rheumatoid Autoimmunity", CNRS - Toulouse III University (IFR 30, INSERM - CNRS - Toulouse III University - CHU), allées Jules Guesde, 31073 Toulouse, France
| | - Marie-Florence Galliano
- UMR 5165 "Epidermis Differentiation and Rheumatoid Autoimmunity", CNRS - Toulouse III University (IFR 30, INSERM - CNRS - Toulouse III University - CHU), allées Jules Guesde, 31073 Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Jonca
- UMR 5165 "Epidermis Differentiation and Rheumatoid Autoimmunity", CNRS - Toulouse III University (IFR 30, INSERM - CNRS - Toulouse III University - CHU), allées Jules Guesde, 31073 Toulouse, France
| | - Carole Dossat
- Genoscope and CNRS UMR 8030, rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057 Evry, France
| | - Daniel Jacob
- Centre de Bioinformatique Bordeaux, Université V. Segalen Bordeaux 2, rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Antoine de Daruvar
- Centre de Bioinformatique Bordeaux, Université V. Segalen Bordeaux 2, rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Patrick Wincker
- Genoscope and CNRS UMR 8030, rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057 Evry, France
| | - Guy Serre
- UMR 5165 "Epidermis Differentiation and Rheumatoid Autoimmunity", CNRS - Toulouse III University (IFR 30, INSERM - CNRS - Toulouse III University - CHU), allées Jules Guesde, 31073 Toulouse, France
| | - Marina Guerrin
- UMR 5165 "Epidermis Differentiation and Rheumatoid Autoimmunity", CNRS - Toulouse III University (IFR 30, INSERM - CNRS - Toulouse III University - CHU), allées Jules Guesde, 31073 Toulouse, France
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Naso MF, Liang B, Huang CC, Song XY, Shahied-Arruda L, Belkowski SM, D'Andrea MR, Polkovitch DA, Lawrence DR, Griswold DE, Sweet RW, Amegadzie BY. Dermokine: an extensively differentially spliced gene expressed in epithelial cells. J Invest Dermatol 2007; 127:1622-31. [PMID: 17380110 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jid.5700779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Studies performed to discover genes overexpressed in inflammatory diseases identified dermokine as being upregulated in such disease conditions. Dermokine is a gene that was first observed as expressed in the differentiated layers of skin. Its two major isoforms, alpha and beta, are transcribed from different promoters of the same locus, with the alpha isoform representing the C terminus of the beta isoform. Recently, additional transcript variants have been identified. Extensive in silico analysis and reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR cloning has confirmed the existence of these variants in human cells and tissues, identified a new human isoform as well as the gamma isoform in mouse. Recombinant expression and analysis of the C-terminal truncated isoform indicate that the molecule is O-linked glycosylated and forms multimers in solution. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry has shown that the gene is differentially expressed in various cells and tissues, other than the skin. These results show that the dermokine gene is expressed in epithelial tissues other than the skin and this expression is transcriptionally and posttranscriptionally complex.
Collapse
|
18
|
Lench N, Iles MM, Mackay I, Patel R, Sagoo GS, Ward SJ, Dechairo B, Olavesen M, Carey A, Duff GW, Cork MJ, Tazi-Ahnini R. Single-point haplotype scores telomeric to human leukocyte antigen-C give a high susceptibility major histocompatibility complex haplotype for psoriasis in a Caucasian population. J Invest Dermatol 2005; 124:545-52. [PMID: 15737195 DOI: 10.1111/j.0022-202x.2005.23604.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that affects 0.1%-5% depending on the population. PSORS1 is the major susceptibility locus, accounting for approximately 33%-50% of the genetic component of psoriasis among Caucasians. PSORS1 is located within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) locus on 6p21.3. Its position has been refined to hundreds of kilobase and the region located at approximately 100-200 kb telomeric to human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-C is a very strong candidate. To determine the MHC psoriasis risk haplotype, we screened the whole 46 kb interval for single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and identified 138 SNP. We genotyped 29 SNP throughout this region in psoriatic nuclear families. We calculated the frequency of haplotypes generated by the 29 SNP using all genotyped founder individuals and found four common haplotype with frequency >0.10. We then used SNPtagger to derive the best six SNP and fed these into Transmit using 148 nuclear families. We found that CTGGAC haplotype is a single-point score haplotypes telomeric to HLA-C and gives a 1 df, chi2 of 50.27 (p<0.0001). Most importantly the six selected SNP accurately tagged the most common haplotype found in this region. Moreover, using the same program (Transmit) we show that the association with CTGGAC is higher than the one with HLA-Cw6 (chi2=10.53; p=0.0051). Our results give scores as high as the highest single-point scores suggesting that it is unlikely to be able to discriminate the origin of the association on this analysis on strength of association.
Collapse
|
19
|
Gu LH, Coulombe PA. Defining the properties of the nonhelical tail domain in type II keratin 5: insight from a bullous disease-causing mutation. Mol Biol Cell 2005; 16:1427-38. [PMID: 15647384 PMCID: PMC551504 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e04-06-0498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2004] [Accepted: 01/03/2005] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited mutations in the intermediate filament (IF) proteins keratin 5 (K5) or keratin 14 (K14) cause epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS), in which basal layer keratinocytes rupture upon trauma to the epidermis. Most mutations are missense alleles affecting amino acids located in the central alpha-helical rod domain of K5 and K14. Here, we study the properties of an unusual EBS-causing mutation in which a nucleotide deletion (1649delG) alters the last 41 amino acids and adds 35 residues to the C terminus of K5. Relative to wild type, filaments coassembled in vitro from purified K5-1649delG and K14 proteins are shorter and exhibit weak viscoelastic properties when placed under strain. Loss of the C-terminal 41 residues contributes to these alterations. When transfected in cultured epithelial cells, K5-1649delG incorporates into preexisting keratin IFs and also forms multiple small aggregates that often colocalize with hsp70 in the cytoplasm. Aggregation is purely a function of the K5-1649delG tail domain; in contrast, the cloned 109 residue-long tail domain from wild type K5 is distributed throughout the cytoplasm and colocalizes partly with keratin IFs. These data provide a mechanistic basis for the cell fragility seen in individuals bearing the K5-1649delG allele, and point to the role of the C-terminal 41 residues in determining K5's assembly properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hong Gu
- Departments of Biological Chemistry and Dermatology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
The year 2004 represents a milestone for the biosensor research community: in this year, over 1000 articles were published describing experiments performed using commercially available systems. The 1038 papers we found represent an approximately 10% increase over the past year and demonstrate that the implementation of biosensors continues to expand at a healthy pace. We evaluated the data presented in each paper and compiled a 'top 10' list. These 10 articles, which we recommend every biosensor user reads, describe well-performed kinetic, equilibrium and qualitative/screening studies, provide comparisons between binding parameters obtained from different biosensor users, as well as from biosensor- and solution-based interaction analyses, and summarize the cutting-edge applications of the technology. We also re-iterate some of the experimental pitfalls that lead to sub-optimal data and over-interpreted results. We are hopeful that the biosensor community, by applying the hints we outline, will obtain data on a par with that presented in the 10 spotlighted articles. This will ensure that the scientific community at large can be confident in the data we report from optical biosensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Rich
- Center for Biomolecular Interaction Analysis, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|