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Souali-Crespo S, Condrea D, Vernet N, Féret B, Klopfenstein M, Grandgirard E, Alunni V, Cerciat M, Jung M, Mayere C, Nef S, Mark M, Chalmel F, Ghyselinck NB. Loss of NR5A1 in mouse Sertoli cells after sex determination changes cellular identity and induces cell death by anoikis. Development 2023; 150:dev201710. [PMID: 38078651 PMCID: PMC10753587 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the role of the nuclear receptor NR5A1 in the testis after sex determination, we analyzed mice lacking NR5A1 in Sertoli cells (SCs) from embryonic day (E) 13.5 onwards. Ablation of Nr5a1 impaired the expression of genes characteristic of SC identity (e.g. Sox9 and Amh), caused SC death from E14.5 onwards through a Trp53-independent mechanism related to anoikis, and induced disorganization of the testis cords. Together, these effects caused germ cells to enter meiosis and die. Single-cell RNA-sequencing experiments revealed that NR5A1-deficient SCs changed their molecular identity: some acquired a 'pre-granulosa-like' cell identity, whereas other reverted to a 'supporting progenitor-like' cell identity, most of them being 'intersex' because they expressed both testicular and ovarian genes. Fetal Leydig cells (LCs) did not display significant changes, indicating that SCs are not required beyond E14.5 for their emergence or maintenance. In contrast, adult LCs were absent from postnatal testes. In addition, adult mutant males displayed persistence of Müllerian duct derivatives, decreased anogenital distance and reduced penis length, which could be explained by the loss of AMH and testosterone synthesis due to SC failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirine Souali-Crespo
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Département de Génétique Fonctionnelle et Cancer, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS UMR7104), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1258), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP-10142, F-67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Diana Condrea
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Département de Génétique Fonctionnelle et Cancer, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS UMR7104), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1258), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP-10142, F-67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Nadège Vernet
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Département de Génétique Fonctionnelle et Cancer, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS UMR7104), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1258), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP-10142, F-67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Betty Féret
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Département de Génétique Fonctionnelle et Cancer, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS UMR7104), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1258), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP-10142, F-67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Muriel Klopfenstein
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Département de Génétique Fonctionnelle et Cancer, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS UMR7104), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1258), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP-10142, F-67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Erwan Grandgirard
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Département de Génétique Fonctionnelle et Cancer, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS UMR7104), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1258), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP-10142, F-67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
- Imaging Center, IGBMC, F-67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Violaine Alunni
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Département de Génétique Fonctionnelle et Cancer, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS UMR7104), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1258), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP-10142, F-67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
- GenomEast Platform, France Génomique consortium, IGBMC, 1 rue Laurent Fries, F-67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Marie Cerciat
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Département de Génétique Fonctionnelle et Cancer, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS UMR7104), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1258), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP-10142, F-67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
- GenomEast Platform, France Génomique consortium, IGBMC, 1 rue Laurent Fries, F-67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Matthieu Jung
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Département de Génétique Fonctionnelle et Cancer, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS UMR7104), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1258), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP-10142, F-67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
- GenomEast Platform, France Génomique consortium, IGBMC, 1 rue Laurent Fries, F-67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Chloé Mayere
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Serge Nef
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Mark
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Département de Génétique Fonctionnelle et Cancer, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS UMR7104), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1258), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP-10142, F-67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
- Service de Biologie de la Reproduction, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS), F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Frédéric Chalmel
- Univ Rennes, EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Norbert B. Ghyselinck
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Département de Génétique Fonctionnelle et Cancer, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS UMR7104), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1258), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP-10142, F-67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
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2
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Teletin M, Mark M, Wendling O, Vernet N, Féret B, Klopfenstein M, Herault Y, Ghyselinck NB. Timeline of Developmental Defects Generated upon Genetic Inhibition of the Retinoic Acid Receptor Signaling Pathway. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11010198. [PMID: 36672706 PMCID: PMC9856201 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been established for almost 30 years that the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) signalling pathway plays essential roles in the morphogenesis of a large variety of organs and systems. Here, we used a temporally controlled genetic ablation procedure to precisely determine the time windows requiring RAR functions. Our results indicate that from E8.5 to E9.5, RAR functions are critical for the axial rotation of the embryo, the appearance of the sinus venosus, the modelling of blood vessels, and the formation of forelimb buds, lung buds, dorsal pancreatic bud, lens, and otocyst. They also reveal that E9.5 to E10.5 spans a critical developmental period during which the RARs are required for trachea formation, lung branching morphogenesis, patterning of great arteries derived from aortic arches, closure of the optic fissure, and growth of inner ear structures and of facial processes. Comparing the phenotypes of mutants lacking the 3 RARs with that of mutants deprived of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) synthesising enzymes establishes that cardiac looping is the earliest known morphogenetic event requiring a functional ATRA-activated RAR signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Teletin
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS UMR7104), Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1258), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), 1 Rue Laurent Fries, BP-10142, F-67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
- Service de Biologie de la Reproduction, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS), F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Manuel Mark
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS UMR7104), Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1258), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), 1 Rue Laurent Fries, BP-10142, F-67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
- Service de Biologie de la Reproduction, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS), F-67000 Strasbourg, France
- Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Olivia Wendling
- Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | - Nadège Vernet
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS UMR7104), Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1258), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), 1 Rue Laurent Fries, BP-10142, F-67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | - Betty Féret
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS UMR7104), Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1258), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), 1 Rue Laurent Fries, BP-10142, F-67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | - Muriel Klopfenstein
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS UMR7104), Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1258), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), 1 Rue Laurent Fries, BP-10142, F-67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | - Yann Herault
- Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | - Norbert B. Ghyselinck
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS UMR7104), Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1258), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), 1 Rue Laurent Fries, BP-10142, F-67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
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3
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Mayère C, Regard V, Perea-Gomez A, Bunce C, Neirijnck Y, Djari C, Bellido-Carreras N, Sararols P, Reeves R, Greenaway S, Simon M, Siggers P, Condrea D, Kühne F, Gantar I, Tang F, Stévant I, Batti L, Ghyselinck NB, Wilhelm D, Greenfield A, Capel B, Chaboissier MC, Nef S. Origin, specification and differentiation of a rare supporting-like lineage in the developing mouse gonad. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabm0972. [PMID: 35613264 PMCID: PMC10942771 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm0972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Gonadal sex determination represents a unique model for studying cell fate decisions. However, a complete understanding of the different cell lineages forming the developing testis and ovary remains elusive. Here, we investigated the origin, specification, and subsequent sex-specific differentiation of a previously uncharacterized population of supporting-like cells (SLCs) in the developing mouse gonads. The SLC lineage is closely related to the coelomic epithelium and specified as early as E10.5, making it the first somatic lineage to be specified in the bipotential gonad. SLC progenitors are localized within the genital ridge at the interface with the mesonephros and initially coexpress Wnt4 and Sox9. SLCs become sexually dimorphic around E12.5, progressively acquire a more Sertoli- or pregranulosa-like identity and contribute to the formation of the rete testis and rete ovarii. Last, we found that WNT4 is a crucial regulator of the SLC lineage and is required for normal development of the rete testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Mayère
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- iGE3, Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Violaine Regard
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- iGE3, Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Aitana Perea-Gomez
- Université Côte d’Azur, Inserm, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Valrose (iBV), 06108 Nice, France
| | - Corey Bunce
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Yasmine Neirijnck
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Université Côte d’Azur, Inserm, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Valrose (iBV), 06108 Nice, France
| | - Cyril Djari
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Pauline Sararols
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Richard Reeves
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Harwell Institute, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Simon Greenaway
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Harwell Institute, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Michelle Simon
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Harwell Institute, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Pam Siggers
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Harwell Institute, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Diana Condrea
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Département de Génétique Fonctionnelle et Cancer, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS UMR7104), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1258), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP1014267404 ILLKIRCH CEDEX, France
| | - Françoise Kühne
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ivana Gantar
- Wyss Center for Bio and Neuroengineering, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Furong Tang
- Université Côte d’Azur, Inserm, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Valrose (iBV), 06108 Nice, France
| | - Isabelle Stévant
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laura Batti
- Wyss Center for Bio and Neuroengineering, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Norbert B. Ghyselinck
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Département de Génétique Fonctionnelle et Cancer, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS UMR7104), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1258), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP1014267404 ILLKIRCH CEDEX, France
| | - Dagmar Wilhelm
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Andy Greenfield
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Harwell Institute, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Blanche Capel
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | - Serge Nef
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- iGE3, Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva, University of Geneva, Switzerland
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4
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Schönberger K, Obier N, Romero-Mulero MC, Cauchy P, Mess J, Pavlovich PV, Zhang YW, Mitterer M, Rettkowski J, Lalioti ME, Jäcklein K, Curtis JD, Féret B, Sommerkamp P, Morganti C, Ito K, Ghyselinck NB, Trompouki E, Buescher JM, Pearce EL, Cabezas-Wallscheid N. Multilayer omics analysis reveals a non-classical retinoic acid signaling axis that regulates hematopoietic stem cell identity. Cell Stem Cell 2022; 29:131-148.e10. [PMID: 34706256 PMCID: PMC9093043 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) rely on complex regulatory networks to preserve stemness. Due to the scarcity of HSCs, technical challenges have limited our insights into the interplay between metabolites, transcription, and the epigenome. In this study, we generated low-input metabolomics, transcriptomics, chromatin accessibility, and chromatin immunoprecipitation data, revealing distinct metabolic hubs that are enriched in HSCs and their downstream multipotent progenitors. Mechanistically, we uncover a non-classical retinoic acid (RA) signaling axis that regulates HSC function. We show that HSCs rely on Cyp26b1, an enzyme conventionally considered to limit RA effects in the cell. In contrast to the traditional view, we demonstrate that Cyp26b1 is indispensable for production of the active metabolite 4-oxo-RA. Further, RA receptor beta (Rarb) is required for complete transmission of 4-oxo-RA-mediated signaling to maintain stem cells. Our findings emphasize that a single metabolite controls stem cell fate by instructing epigenetic and transcriptional attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Schönberger
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; International Max Planck Research School for Molecular and Cellular Biology (IMPRS-MCB), Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nadine Obier
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Pierre Cauchy
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julian Mess
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), Freiburg, Germany; Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies (CIBSS), Freiburg, Germany
| | - Polina V Pavlovich
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; International Max Planck Research School for Molecular and Cellular Biology (IMPRS-MCB), Freiburg, Germany
| | - Yu Wei Zhang
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; International Max Planck Research School for Molecular and Cellular Biology (IMPRS-MCB), Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Mitterer
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jasmin Rettkowski
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maria-Eleni Lalioti
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Karin Jäcklein
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jonathan D Curtis
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Betty Féret
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), UMR 7104 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) et Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), U1258 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Illkirch, France
| | - Pia Sommerkamp
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Morganti
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Departments of Cell Biology and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Keisuke Ito
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Departments of Cell Biology and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Norbert B Ghyselinck
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), UMR 7104 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) et Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), U1258 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Illkirch, France
| | - Eirini Trompouki
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Joerg M Buescher
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Erika L Pearce
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany; The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nina Cabezas-Wallscheid
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany; Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies (CIBSS), Freiburg, Germany.
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5
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Da Silva F, Jian Motamedi F, Weerasinghe Arachchige LC, Tison A, Bradford ST, Lefebvre J, Dolle P, Ghyselinck NB, Wagner KD, Schedl A. Retinoic acid signaling is directly activated in cardiomyocytes and protects mouse hearts from apoptosis after myocardial infarction. eLife 2021; 10:68280. [PMID: 34623260 PMCID: PMC8530512 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) is an essential signaling molecule for cardiac development and plays a protective role in the heart after myocardial infarction (MI). In both cases, the effect of RA signaling on cardiomyocytes, the principle cell type of the heart, has been reported to be indirect. Here we have developed an inducible murine transgenic RA-reporter line using CreERT2 technology that permits lineage tracing of RA-responsive cells and faithfully recapitulates endogenous RA activity in multiple organs during embryonic development. Strikingly, we have observed a direct RA response in cardiomyocytes during mid-late gestation and after MI. Ablation of RA signaling through deletion of the Aldh1a1/a2/a3 genes encoding RA-synthesizing enzymes leads to increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis in adults subjected to MI. RNA sequencing analysis reveals Tgm2 and Ace1, two genes with well-established links to cardiac repair, as potential targets of RA signaling in primary cardiomyocytes, thereby providing novel links between the RA pathway and heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Amelie Tison
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm, CNRS, iBV, Nice, France
| | | | | | - Pascal Dolle
- IGBMC, Inserm U1258, UNISTRA CNRS, Illkirch, France
| | | | - Kay D Wagner
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm, CNRS, iBV, Nice, France
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6
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Mark M, Teletin M, Wendling O, Vonesch JL, Féret B, Hérault Y, Ghyselinck NB. Pathogenesis of Anorectal Malformations in Retinoic Acid Receptor Knockout Mice Studied by HREM. Biomedicines 2021; 9:742. [PMID: 34203310 PMCID: PMC8301324 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Anorectal malformations (ARMs) are relatively common congenital abnormalities, but their pathogenesis is poorly understood. Previous gene knockout studies indicated that the signalling pathway mediated by the retinoic acid receptors (RAR) is instrumental to the formation of the anorectal canal and of various urogenital structures. Here, we show that simultaneous ablation of the three RARs in the mouse embryo results in a spectrum of malformations of the pelvic organs in which anorectal and urinary bladder ageneses are consistently associated. We found that these ageneses could be accounted for by defects in the processes of growth and migration of the cloaca, the embryonic structure from which the anorectal canal and urinary bladder originate. We further show that these defects are preceded by a failure of the lateral shift of the umbilical arteries and propose vascular abnormalities as a possible cause of ARM. Through the comparisons of these phenotypes with those of other mutant mice and of human patients, we would like to suggest that morphological data may provide a solid base to test molecular as well as clinical hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Mark
- CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France; (M.T.); (O.W.); (J.-L.V.); (B.F.); (Y.H.); (N.B.G.)
- Service de Biologie de la Reproduction, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS), 67300 Schiltigheim, France
- CNRS, INSERM, CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN-Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | - Marius Teletin
- CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France; (M.T.); (O.W.); (J.-L.V.); (B.F.); (Y.H.); (N.B.G.)
- Service de Biologie de la Reproduction, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS), 67300 Schiltigheim, France
| | - Olivia Wendling
- CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France; (M.T.); (O.W.); (J.-L.V.); (B.F.); (Y.H.); (N.B.G.)
- CNRS, INSERM, CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN-Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | - Jean-Luc Vonesch
- CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France; (M.T.); (O.W.); (J.-L.V.); (B.F.); (Y.H.); (N.B.G.)
| | - Betty Féret
- CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France; (M.T.); (O.W.); (J.-L.V.); (B.F.); (Y.H.); (N.B.G.)
| | - Yann Hérault
- CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France; (M.T.); (O.W.); (J.-L.V.); (B.F.); (Y.H.); (N.B.G.)
- CNRS, INSERM, CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN-Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | - Norbert B. Ghyselinck
- CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France; (M.T.); (O.W.); (J.-L.V.); (B.F.); (Y.H.); (N.B.G.)
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7
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Comai GE, Tesařová M, Dupé V, Rhinn M, Vallecillo-García P, da Silva F, Feret B, Exelby K, Dollé P, Carlsson L, Pryce B, Spitz F, Stricker S, Zikmund T, Kaiser J, Briscoe J, Schedl A, Ghyselinck NB, Schweitzer R, Tajbakhsh S. Local retinoic acid signaling directs emergence of the extraocular muscle functional unit. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000902. [PMID: 33201874 PMCID: PMC7707851 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Coordinated development of muscles, tendons, and their attachment sites ensures emergence of functional musculoskeletal units that are adapted to diverse anatomical demands among different species. How these different tissues are patterned and functionally assembled during embryogenesis is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the morphogenesis of extraocular muscles (EOMs), an evolutionary conserved cranial muscle group that is crucial for the coordinated movement of the eyeballs and for visual acuity. By means of lineage analysis, we redefined the cellular origins of periocular connective tissues interacting with the EOMs, which do not arise exclusively from neural crest mesenchyme as previously thought. Using 3D imaging approaches, we established an integrative blueprint for the EOM functional unit. By doing so, we identified a developmental time window in which individual EOMs emerge from a unique muscle anlage and establish insertions in the sclera, which sets these muscles apart from classical muscle-to-bone type of insertions. Further, we demonstrate that the eyeballs are a source of diffusible all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) that allow their targeting by the EOMs in a temporal and dose-dependent manner. Using genetically modified mice and inhibitor treatments, we find that endogenous local variations in the concentration of retinoids contribute to the establishment of tendon condensations and attachment sites that precede the initiation of muscle patterning. Collectively, our results highlight how global and site-specific programs are deployed for the assembly of muscle functional units with precise definition of muscle shapes and topographical wiring of their tendon attachments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenda Evangelina Comai
- Stem Cells & Development Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 3738, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- * E-mail: (GEC); (ST)
| | - Markéta Tesařová
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Valérie Dupé
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, IGDR, Rennes, France
| | - Muriel Rhinn
- IGBMC-Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
| | | | - Fabio da Silva
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, iBV, Nice, France
- Division of Molecular Embryology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Betty Feret
- IGBMC-Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
| | | | - Pascal Dollé
- IGBMC-Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
| | - Leif Carlsson
- Umeå Center for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Brian Pryce
- Research Division, Shriners Hospital for Children, Portland, United States of America
| | - François Spitz
- Genomics of Animal Development Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Sigmar Stricker
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tomáš Zikmund
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jozef Kaiser
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Norbert B. Ghyselinck
- IGBMC-Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
| | - Ronen Schweitzer
- Research Division, Shriners Hospital for Children, Portland, United States of America
| | - Shahragim Tajbakhsh
- Stem Cells & Development Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 3738, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- * E-mail: (GEC); (ST)
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8
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Vernet N, Condrea D, Mayere C, Féret B, Klopfenstein M, Magnant W, Alunni V, Teletin M, Souali-Crespo S, Nef S, Mark M, Ghyselinck NB. Meiosis occurs normally in the fetal ovary of mice lacking all retinoic acid receptors. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eaaz1139. [PMID: 32917583 PMCID: PMC7244263 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz1139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Gametes are generated through a specialized cell differentiation process, meiosis, which, in ovaries of most mammals, is initiated during fetal life. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is considered as the molecular signal triggering meiosis initiation. In the present study, we analyzed female fetuses ubiquitously lacking all ATRA nuclear receptors (RAR), obtained through a tamoxifen-inducible cre recombinase-mediated gene targeting approach. Unexpectedly, mutant oocytes robustly expressed meiotic genes, including the meiotic gatekeeper STRA8. In addition, ovaries from mutant fetuses grafted into adult recipient females yielded offspring bearing null alleles for all Rar genes. Thus, our results show that RAR are fully dispensable for meiotic initiation, as well as for the production of functional oocytes. Assuming that the effects of ATRA all rely on RAR, our study goes against the current model according to which meiosis is triggered by endogenous ATRA in the developing ovary. It therefore revives the search for the meiosis-inducing substance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadège Vernet
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Département de Génétique Fonctionnelle et Cancer, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS UMR7104), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1258), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP-10142, F-67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Diana Condrea
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Département de Génétique Fonctionnelle et Cancer, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS UMR7104), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1258), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP-10142, F-67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Chloé Mayere
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Betty Féret
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Département de Génétique Fonctionnelle et Cancer, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS UMR7104), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1258), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP-10142, F-67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Muriel Klopfenstein
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Département de Génétique Fonctionnelle et Cancer, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS UMR7104), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1258), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP-10142, F-67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - William Magnant
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Département de Génétique Fonctionnelle et Cancer, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS UMR7104), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1258), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP-10142, F-67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Violaine Alunni
- GenomEast platform, France Génomique consortium, IGBMC, 1 rue Laurent Fries, F-67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Marius Teletin
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Département de Génétique Fonctionnelle et Cancer, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS UMR7104), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1258), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP-10142, F-67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
- Service de Biologie de la Reproduction, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS), France
| | - Sirine Souali-Crespo
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Département de Génétique Fonctionnelle et Cancer, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS UMR7104), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1258), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP-10142, F-67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Serge Nef
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Mark
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Département de Génétique Fonctionnelle et Cancer, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS UMR7104), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1258), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP-10142, F-67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
- Service de Biologie de la Reproduction, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS), France
| | - Norbert B Ghyselinck
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Département de Génétique Fonctionnelle et Cancer, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS UMR7104), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1258), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP-10142, F-67404 Illkirch Cedex, France.
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9
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Chassot AA, Le Rolle M, Jolivet G, Stevant I, Guigonis JM, Da Silva F, Nef S, Pailhoux E, Schedl A, Ghyselinck NB, Chaboissier MC. Retinoic acid synthesis by ALDH1A proteins is dispensable for meiosis initiation in the mouse fetal ovary. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eaaz1261. [PMID: 32494737 PMCID: PMC7244317 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz1261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, the timing of meiosis entry is regulated by signals from the gonadal environment. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) signaling is considered the key pathway that promotes Stra8 (stimulated by retinoic acid 8) expression and, in turn, meiosis entry. This model, however, is debated because it is based on analyzing the effects of exogenous ATRA on ex vivo gonadal cultures, which not accurately reflects the role of endogenous ATRA. Aldh1a1 and Aldh1a2, two retinaldehyde dehydrogenases synthesizing ATRA, are expressed in the mouse ovaries when meiosis initiates. Contrary to the present view, here, we demonstrate that ATRA-responsive cells are scarce in the ovary. Using three distinct gene deletion models for Aldh1a1;Aldh1a2;Aldh1a3, we show that Stra8 expression is independent of ATRA production by ALDH1A proteins and that germ cells progress through meiosis. Together, these data demonstrate that ATRA signaling is dispensable for instructing meiosis initiation in female germ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Geneviève Jolivet
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, ENVA, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Isabelle Stevant
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Marie Guigonis
- Université Côte d’Azur, UMR E4320, CEA, F-06107 Nice, France
- Plateforme “Bernard Rossi”, Faculté de Médecine, Université Côte d’Azur, F-06107 Nice, France
| | - Fabio Da Silva
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, Nice, France
- Division of Molecular Embryology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Serge Nef
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eric Pailhoux
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, ENVA, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Norbert B. Ghyselinck
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Département de Génétique Fonctionnelle et Cancer, CNRS UMR7104, Inserm U1258, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), 1 rue Laurent Fries, F-67404 Illkirch CEDEX, France
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10
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Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA), a metabolite of retinol (vitamin A), functions as a ligand for nuclear RA receptors (RARs) that regulate development of chordate animals. RA-RARs can activate or repress transcription of key developmental genes. Genetic studies in mouse and zebrafish embryos that are deficient in RA-generating enzymes or RARs have been instrumental in identifying RA functions, revealing that RA signaling regulates development of many organs and tissues, including the body axis, spinal cord, forelimbs, heart, eye and reproductive tract. An understanding of the normal functions of RA signaling during development will guide efforts for use of RA as a therapeutic agent to improve human health. Here, we provide an overview of RA signaling and highlight its key functions during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert B Ghyselinck
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Département de Génétique Fonctionnelle et Cancer, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS UMR7104), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1258), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), 1 rue Laurent Fries, F-67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Gregg Duester
- Development, Aging, and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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11
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Teletin M, Vernet N, Yu J, Klopfenstein M, Jones JW, Féret B, Kane MA, Ghyselinck NB, Mark M. Two functionally redundant sources of retinoic acid secure spermatogonia differentiation in the seminiferous epithelium. Development 2019; 146:dev.170225. [PMID: 30487180 PMCID: PMC6340151 DOI: 10.1242/dev.170225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is instrumental to spermatogenesis. It is synthesized by two retinaldehyde dehydrogenases (RALDH) present in both Sertoli cells (SCs) and germ cells (GCs). In order to determine the relative contributions of each source of ATRA, we have generated mice lacking all RALDH activities in the seminiferous epithelium (SE). We show that both the SC- and GC-derived sources of ATRA cooperate to initiate and propagate spermatogenetic waves at puberty. In adults, they exert redundant functions and, against all expectations, the GC-derived source does not perform any specific roles despite contributing to two-thirds of the total amount of ATRA present in the testis. The production from SCs is sufficient to maintain the periodic expression of genes in SCs, as well and the cycle and wave of the SE, which account for the steady production of spermatozoa. The production from SCs is also specifically required for spermiation. Importantly, our study shows that spermatogonia differentiation depends upon the ATRA synthesized by RALDH inside the SE, whereas initiation of meiosis and expression of STRA8 by spermatocytes can occur without ATRA. Summary: All-trans retinoic acid made by Sertoli cells is instrumental to spermatogenesis and is specifically required for spermatid release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Teletin
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Département de Génétique Fonctionnelle et Cancer, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS UMR7104), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1258), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), 1 rue Laurent Fries, F-67404 Illkirch Cedex, France.,Service de Biologie de la Reproduction, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS), France
| | - Nadège Vernet
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Département de Génétique Fonctionnelle et Cancer, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS UMR7104), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1258), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), 1 rue Laurent Fries, F-67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Jianshi Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Muriel Klopfenstein
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Département de Génétique Fonctionnelle et Cancer, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS UMR7104), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1258), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), 1 rue Laurent Fries, F-67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Jace W Jones
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Betty Féret
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Département de Génétique Fonctionnelle et Cancer, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS UMR7104), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1258), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), 1 rue Laurent Fries, F-67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Maureen A Kane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Norbert B Ghyselinck
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Département de Génétique Fonctionnelle et Cancer, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS UMR7104), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1258), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), 1 rue Laurent Fries, F-67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Manuel Mark
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Département de Génétique Fonctionnelle et Cancer, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS UMR7104), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1258), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), 1 rue Laurent Fries, F-67404 Illkirch Cedex, France .,Service de Biologie de la Reproduction, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS), France
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12
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Dai Y, Chen A, Liu R, Gu L, Sharma S, Cai W, Salem F, Salant DJ, Pippin JW, Shankland SJ, Moeller MJ, Ghyselinck NB, Ding X, Chuang PY, Lee K, He JC. Retinoic acid improves nephrotoxic serum-induced glomerulonephritis through activation of podocyte retinoic acid receptor α. Kidney Int 2017; 92:1444-1457. [PMID: 28756872 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2017.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Proliferation of glomerular epithelial cells, including podocytes, is a key histologic feature of crescentic glomerulonephritis. We previously found that retinoic acid (RA) inhibits proliferation and induces differentiation of podocytes by activating RA receptor-α (RARα) in a murine model of HIV-associated nephropathy. Here, we examined whether RA would similarly protect podocytes against nephrotoxic serum-induced crescentic glomerulonephritis and whether this effect was mediated by podocyte RARα. RA treatment markedly improved renal function and reduced the number of crescentic lesions in nephritic wild-type mice, while this protection was largely lost in mice with podocyte-specific ablation of Rara (Pod-Rara knockout). At a cellular level, RA significantly restored the expression of podocyte differentiation markers in nephritic wild-type mice, but not in nephritic Pod-Rara knockout mice. Furthermore, RA suppressed the expression of cell injury, proliferation, and parietal epithelial cell markers in nephritic wild-type mice, all of which were significantly dampened in nephritic Pod-Rara knockout mice. Interestingly, RA treatment led to the coexpression of podocyte and parietal epithelial cell markers in a small subset of glomerular cells in nephritic mice, suggesting that RA may induce transdifferentiation of parietal epithelial cells toward a podocyte phenotype. In vitro, RA directly inhibited the proliferation of parietal epithelial cells and enhanced the expression of podocyte markers. In vivo lineage tracing of labeled parietal epithelial cells confirmed that RA increased the number of parietal epithelial cells expressing podocyte markers in nephritic glomeruli. Thus, RA attenuates crescentic glomerulonephritis primarily through RARα-mediated protection of podocytes and in part through the inhibition of parietal epithelial cell proliferation and induction of their transdifferentiation into podocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Dai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA; Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Anqun Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA; Division of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ruijie Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Leyi Gu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA; Department of Nephrology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuchita Sharma
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Weijing Cai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Fadi Salem
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - David J Salant
- Department of Medicine/Nephrology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Pippin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Stuart J Shankland
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Marcus J Moeller
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Xiaoqiang Ding
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peter Y Chuang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Kyung Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - John Cijiang He
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA; Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Renal Section, James J Peters VAMC, Bronx, New York, USA.
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13
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Chassot AA, Le Rolle M, Jourden M, Taketo MM, Ghyselinck NB, Chaboissier MC. Constitutive WNT/CTNNB1 activation triggers spermatogonial stem cell proliferation and germ cell depletion. Dev Biol 2017; 426:17-27. [PMID: 28456466 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The differentiation of germ cells into oogonia or spermatogonia is the first step that eventually gives rise to fully mature gametes. In the female fetal gonad, the RSPO1/WNT/CTNNB1 signalling pathway is involved in primordial germ cell proliferation and differentiation into female germ cells, which are able to enter meiosis. In the postnatal testis, the WNT/CTNNB1 pathway also mediates proliferation of spermatogonial stem cells and progenitor cells. Here we show that forced activation of the WNT/CTNNB1 pathway in fetal gonocytes using transgenic mice leads to deregulated spermatogonial proliferation, and exhaustion of the spermatocytes by apoptosis, resulting in a hypoplastic testis. These findings demonstrate that a finely tuned timing in WNT/CTNNB1 signalling activity is required for spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maketo M Taketo
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Norbert B Ghyselinck
- Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U964, Université de Strasbourg, F-67404 Illkirch, France
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14
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Abstract
The modalities of gametogenesis differ markedly between sexes. Female are born with a definitive reserve of oocytes whose size is crucial to ensure fertility. Male fertility, in contrast, relies on a tightly regulated balance between germ cell self-renewal and differentiation, which operates throughout life, according to recurring spatial and temporal patterns. Genetic and pharmacological studies conducted in the mouse and discussed in this review have revealed that all-trans retinoic acid and its nuclear receptors are major players of gametogenesis and are instrumental to fertility in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Teletin
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France; Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Strasbourg, France; Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Nadège Vernet
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France; Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Strasbourg, France
| | - Norbert B Ghyselinck
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France; Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Strasbourg, France
| | - Manuel Mark
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France; Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Strasbourg, France; Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS), Strasbourg, France.
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15
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Kumar S, Dollé P, Ghyselinck NB, Duester G. Endogenous retinoic acid signaling is required for maintenance and regeneration of cornea. Exp Eye Res 2016; 154:190-195. [PMID: 27840061 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) is a biologically active metabolite of vitamin A (retinol) that serves as an important signaling molecule in orchestrating diverse developmental processes including multiple roles during ocular development. Loss-of-function studies using gene knockouts of RA-synthesizing enzymes encoded by Aldh1a1, Aldh1a2, and Aldh1a3 (also known as Raldh1, Raldh2, and Raldh3) have provided valuable insight into how RA controls eye morphogenesis including corneal development. However, it is unclear whether endogenous RA is required for maintenance and regeneration of adult cornea. Here, we investigated the role of Aldh1a genes in the adult cornea using a novel conditional Aldh1a1,2,3-flox/flox;Rosa26-CreERT2 loss-of-function mouse model to determine the biological function of RA. Our findings indicate that loss of RA synthesis results in corneal thinning characterized by reduced thickness of the stromal layer, impaired corneal epithelial cell proliferation, and increased apoptosis. Corneal thinning in Aldh1a-deficient mice was significantly rescued by RA administration, indicating an important role of endogenous RA signaling in adult corneal homeostasis and regeneration. Thus, Aldh1a1,2,3-flox/flox;Rosa26-CreERT2 mice provide a useful model for investigating the mechanistic role of RA signaling in adult corneal maintenance and could provide new insights into therapeutic approaches for controlling corneal repair to prevent vision loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- Development, Aging, and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Pascal Dollé
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 7104, Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), U 964, Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Norbert B Ghyselinck
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 7104, Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), U 964, Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Gregg Duester
- Development, Aging, and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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16
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Gely-Pernot A, Raverdeau M, Teletin M, Vernet N, Féret B, Klopfenstein M, Dennefeld C, Davidson I, Benoit G, Mark M, Ghyselinck NB. Retinoic Acid Receptors Control Spermatogonia Cell-Fate and Induce Expression of the SALL4A Transcription Factor. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005501. [PMID: 26427057 PMCID: PMC4591280 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is instrumental to male germ cell differentiation, but its mechanism of action remains elusive. To address this question, we have analyzed the phenotypes of mice lacking, in spermatogonia, all rexinoid receptors (RXRA, RXRB and RXRG) or all ATRA receptors (RARA, RARB and RARG). We demonstrate that the combined ablation of RXRA and RXRB in spermatogonia recapitulates the set of defects observed both upon ablation of RAR in spermatogonia. We also show that ATRA activates RAR and RXR bound to a conserved regulatory region to increase expression of the SALL4A transcription factor in spermatogonia. Our results reveal that this major pluripotency gene is a target of ATRA signaling and that RAR/RXR heterodimers are the functional units driving its expression in spermatogonia. They add to the mechanisms through which ATRA promote expression of the KIT tyrosine kinase receptor to trigger a critical step in spermatogonia differentiation. Importantly, they indicate also that meiosis eventually occurs in the absence of a RAR/RXR pathway within germ cells and suggest that instructing this process is either ATRA-independent or requires an ATRA signal originating from Sertoli cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Gely-Pernot
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Département de Génétique Fonctionnelle et Cancer, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U964, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Mathilde Raverdeau
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Département de Génétique Fonctionnelle et Cancer, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U964, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Marius Teletin
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Département de Génétique Fonctionnelle et Cancer, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U964, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Illkirch Cedex, France
- Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Nadège Vernet
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Département de Génétique Fonctionnelle et Cancer, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U964, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Betty Féret
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Département de Génétique Fonctionnelle et Cancer, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U964, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Muriel Klopfenstein
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Département de Génétique Fonctionnelle et Cancer, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U964, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Christine Dennefeld
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Département de Génétique Fonctionnelle et Cancer, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U964, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Irwin Davidson
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Département de Génétique Fonctionnelle et Cancer, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U964, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Gérard Benoit
- Centre de Génétique et de Physiologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (GCPhiMC), UMR5534 CNRS, Université de Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Manuel Mark
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Département de Génétique Fonctionnelle et Cancer, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U964, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Illkirch Cedex, France
- Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Norbert B. Ghyselinck
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Département de Génétique Fonctionnelle et Cancer, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U964, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Illkirch Cedex, France
- * E-mail:
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17
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Minkina A, Matson CK, Lindeman RE, Ghyselinck NB, Bardwell VJ, Zarkower D. DMRT1 protects male gonadal cells from retinoid-dependent sexual transdifferentiation. Dev Cell 2014; 29:511-520. [PMID: 24856513 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2014.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian sex determination initiates in the fetal gonad with specification of bipotential precursor cells into male Sertoli cells or female granulosa cells. This choice was long presumed to be irreversible, but genetic analysis in the mouse recently revealed that sexual fates must be maintained throughout life. Somatic cells in the testis or ovary, even in adults, can be induced to transdifferentiate to their opposite-sex equivalents by loss of a single transcription factor, DMRT1 in the testis or FOXL2 in the ovary. Here, we investigate what mechanism DMRT1 prevents from triggering transdifferentiation. We find that DMRT1 blocks testicular retinoic acid (RA) signaling from activating genes normally involved in female sex determination and ovarian development and show that inappropriate activation of these genes can drive sexual transdifferentiation. By preventing activation of potential feminizing genes, DMRT1 allows Sertoli cells to participate in RA signaling, which is essential for reproduction, without being sexually reprogrammed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Minkina
- Developmental Biology Center and Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Clinton K Matson
- Developmental Biology Center and Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Robin E Lindeman
- Developmental Biology Center and Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Norbert B Ghyselinck
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS (UMR7104), INSERM U964, Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Vivian J Bardwell
- Developmental Biology Center and Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA; University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - David Zarkower
- Developmental Biology Center and Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA; University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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18
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Berry DC, Jacobs H, Marwarha G, Gely-Pernot A, O'Byrne SM, DeSantis D, Klopfenstein M, Feret B, Dennefeld C, Blaner WS, Croniger CM, Mark M, Noy N, Ghyselinck NB. The STRA6 receptor is essential for retinol-binding protein-induced insulin resistance but not for maintaining vitamin A homeostasis in tissues other than the eye. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:24528-39. [PMID: 23839944 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.484014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The plasma membrane protein STRA6 is thought to mediate uptake of retinol from its blood carrier retinol-binding protein (RBP) into cells and to function as a surface receptor that, upon binding of holo-RBP, activates a JAK/STAT cascade. It was suggested that STRA6 signaling underlies insulin resistance induced by elevated serum levels of RBP in obese animals. To investigate these activities in vivo, we generated and analyzed Stra6-null mice. We show that the contribution of STRA6 to retinol uptake by tissues in vivo is small and that, with the exception of the eye, ablation of Stra6 has only a modest effect on retinoid homeostasis and does not impair physiological functions that critically depend on retinoic acid in the embryo or in the adult. However, ablation of Stra6 effectively protects mice from RBP-induced suppression of insulin signaling. Thus one biological function of STRA6 in tissues other than the eye appears to be the coupling of circulating holo-RBP levels to cell signaling, in turn regulating key processes such as insulin response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Berry
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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19
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Lavery R, Chassot AA, Pauper E, Gregoire EP, Klopfenstein M, de Rooij DG, Mark M, Schedl A, Ghyselinck NB, Chaboissier MC. Testicular differentiation occurs in absence of R-spondin1 and Sox9 in mouse sex reversals. PLoS Genet 2012; 8:e1003170. [PMID: 23300469 PMCID: PMC3531470 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In mammals, male sex determination is governed by SRY-dependent activation of Sox9, whereas female development involves R-spondin1 (RSPO1), an activator of the WNT/beta-catenin signaling pathway. Genetic analyses in mice have demonstrated Sry and Sox9 to be both required and sufficient to induce testicular development. These genes are therefore considered as master regulators of the male pathway. Indeed, female-to-male sex reversal in XX Rspo1 mutant mice correlates with Sox9 expression, suggesting that this transcription factor induces testicular differentiation in pathological conditions. Unexpectedly, here we show that testicular differentiation can occur in XX mutants lacking both Rspo1 and Sox9 (referred to as XX Rspo1KOSox9cKO), indicating that Sry and Sox9 are dispensable to induce female-to-male sex reversal. Molecular analyses show expression of both Sox8 and Sox10, suggesting that activation of Sox genes other than Sox9 can induce male differentiation in Rspo1KOSox9cKO mice. Moreover, since testis development occurs in XY Rspo1KOSox9cKO mice, our data show that Rspo1 is the main effector for male-to-female sex reversal in XY Sox9cKO mice. Thus, Rspo1 is an essential activator of ovarian development not only in normal situations, but also in sex reversal situations. Taken together these data demonstrate that both male and female sex differentiation is induced by distinct, active, genetic pathways. The dogma that considers female differentiation as a default pathway therefore needs to be definitively revised. Mammalian sex determination is controlled by the paternal transmission of the Y-linked gene, SRY. Using mouse models, it has been shown that the main, if not the only, role of Sry is to activate the transcription factor Sox9, and these two genes are necessary and sufficient to allow male development. Indeed, defects in Sry and/or Sox9 expression result in male-to-female sex reversal of XY individuals. In XX individuals, Rspo1 is important for ovarian development as evidenced by female-to-male sex reversal of XX Rspo1 mutants. Since testicular differentiation appears concomitantly with Sox9 expression, it was assumed that Sox9 is the inducer of testicular differentiation in XX Rspo1 mutants. Our genetic study shows that i) neither Sry nor Sox9 are required for female-to-male sex reversals; ii) other masculinizing factors like Sox8 and Sox10 are activated in sex reversal conditions; iii) Rspo1 is the main effector of male-to-female sex reversal in the XY Sox9 mutants. Together these data suggest that male and female genetic pathways are both main effectors involved in sex determination and that the long-standing dogma of a default female pathway should definitively be revised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowena Lavery
- University of Nice–Sophia Antipolis, UFR Sciences, Nice, France
- INSERM U1091, CNRS UMR7277, iBV, Nice, France
| | - Anne-Amandine Chassot
- University of Nice–Sophia Antipolis, UFR Sciences, Nice, France
- INSERM U1091, CNRS UMR7277, iBV, Nice, France
| | - Eva Pauper
- University of Nice–Sophia Antipolis, UFR Sciences, Nice, France
- INSERM U1091, CNRS UMR7277, iBV, Nice, France
| | - Elodie P. Gregoire
- University of Nice–Sophia Antipolis, UFR Sciences, Nice, France
- INSERM U1091, CNRS UMR7277, iBV, Nice, France
| | - Muriel Klopfenstein
- Department of Development and Stem Cells, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS UMR7104–INSERM U964, Illkirch, France
| | - Dirk G. de Rooij
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Manuel Mark
- Department of Development and Stem Cells, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS UMR7104–INSERM U964, Illkirch, France
| | - Andreas Schedl
- University of Nice–Sophia Antipolis, UFR Sciences, Nice, France
- INSERM U1091, CNRS UMR7277, iBV, Nice, France
| | - Norbert B. Ghyselinck
- Department of Development and Stem Cells, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS UMR7104–INSERM U964, Illkirch, France
| | - Marie-Christine Chaboissier
- University of Nice–Sophia Antipolis, UFR Sciences, Nice, France
- INSERM U1091, CNRS UMR7277, iBV, Nice, France
- * E-mail:
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Ruiz A, Mark M, Jacobs H, Klopfenstein M, Hu J, Lloyd M, Habib S, Tosha C, Radu RA, Ghyselinck NB, Nusinowitz S, Bok D. Retinoid content, visual responses, and ocular morphology are compromised in the retinas of mice lacking the retinol-binding protein receptor, STRA6. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2012; 53:3027-39. [PMID: 22467576 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.11-8476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We report generation of a mouse model in which the STRA6 gene has been disrupted functionally to facilitate the study of visual responses, changes in ocular morphology, and retinoid processing under STRA6 protein deficiency. METHODS A null mouse line, stra6 -/-, was generated. Western Blot and immunocytochemistry were used to determine expression of STRA6 protein. Visual responses and morphological studies were performed on 6-week, 5-month and 10-month-old mice. The retinoid content of eye tissues was evaluated in dark-adapted mice by high performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS STRA6 protein was not detectable in stra6 -/- null mice, which had a consistent reduction, but not total ablation of their visual responses. The mice also showed significant depletion of their retinoid content in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and neurosensory retina, including a 95% reduction in retinyl esters. At the morphological level, a reduction in thickness of the neurosensory retina due to shortening of the rod outer and inner segments was observed when compared to control litter mates with a commensurate reduction in rod a- and b-wave amplitudes. In addition, there was a reduction in cone photoreceptor cell number and cone b-wave amplitude. A typical hallmark in stra6 -/- null eyes was the presence of a persistent primary hypertrophic vitreous, an optically dense vascularized structure located in the vitreous humor between the posterior surface of the lens and neurosensory retina. CONCLUSIONS Our studies of stra6 -/- null mice established the importance of the STRA6 protein for the uptake, intracellular transport, and processing of retinol by the RPE. In its absence, rod photoreceptor outer and inner segment length was reduced, and cone cell numbers were reduced, as were scotopic and photopic responses. STRA6 also was required for dissolution of the primary vitreous. However, it was clear from these studies that STRA6 is not the only pathway for retinol uptake by the RPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Ruiz
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Gely-Pernot A, Raverdeau M, Célébi C, Dennefeld C, Feret B, Klopfenstein M, Yoshida S, Ghyselinck NB, Mark M. Spermatogonia differentiation requires retinoic acid receptor γ. Endocrinology 2012; 153:438-49. [PMID: 22045663 DOI: 10.1210/en.2011-1102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin A is instrumental to mammalian reproduction. Its metabolite, retinoic acid (RA), acts in a hormone-like manner through binding to and activating three nuclear receptor isotypes, RA receptor (RAR)α (RARA), RARβ, and RARγ (RARG). Here, we show that 1) RARG is expressed by A aligned (A(al)) spermatogonia, as well as during the transition from A(al) to A(1) spermatogonia, which is known to require RA; and 2) ablation of Rarg, either in the whole mouse or specifically in spermatogonia, does not affect meiosis and spermiogenesis but impairs the A(al) to A(1) transition in the course of some of the seminiferous epithelium cycles. Upon ageing, this phenomenon yields seminiferous tubules containing only spermatogonia and Sertoli cells. Altogether, our findings indicate that RARG cell-autonomously transduces, in undifferentiated spermatogonia of adult testes, a RA signal critical for spermatogenesis. During the prepubertal spermatogenic wave, the loss of RARG function can however be compensated by RARA, as indicated by the normal timing of appearance of meiotic cells in Rarg-null testes. Accordingly, RARG- and RARA-selective agonists are both able to stimulate Stra8 expression in wild-type prepubertal testes. Interestingly, inactivation of Rarg does not impair expression of the spermatogonia differentiation markers Kit and Stra8, contrary to vitamin A deficiency. This latter observation supports the notion that the RA-signaling pathway previously shown to operate in Sertoli cells also participates in spermatogonia differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Gely-Pernot
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Institut National de Santé et de Recherche Médicale Unité 964, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 7104, Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
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Jacobs H, Dennefeld C, Féret B, Viluksela M, Håkansson H, Mark M, Ghyselinck NB. Retinoic acid drives aryl hydrocarbon receptor expression and is instrumental to dioxin-induced toxicity during palate development. Environ Health Perspect 2011; 119:1590-5. [PMID: 21807577 PMCID: PMC3226489 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1003075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Palate development depends on complex events and is very sensitive to disruption. Accordingly, clefts are the most common congenital malformations worldwide, and a connection is proposed with fetal exposure to toxic factors or environmental contaminants, such as dioxins. There is increasing evidence that dioxin interferes with all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA), a hormone-like signal derived from vitamin A, which plays an essential role during embryonic development. Although similarities have been described between dioxin-induced toxicity and the outcome of altered atRA signaling during palate development, their relationship needs to be clarified. OBJECTIVES We used a genetic approach to understand the interaction between atRA and dioxin and to identify the cell type targeted by dioxin toxicity during secondary palate formation in mice. METHODS We analyzed the phenotype of mouse embryos harboring an atRA-sensitive reporter transgene or bearing null mutations for atRA-synthesizing enzymes (RALDH) or atRA receptors (RAR) and maternally exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) at gestation day 10.5. RESULTS We found that an intact atRA signal was required to enable TCDD to induce cleft palate. This mandatory atRA signal was generated through the activity of RALDH3 in the nasal epithelium and was transduced by RARγ (RARG) in the nasal mesenchyme, where it notably controlled aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr) transcript levels. TCDD also did not alter the developmental pattern of atRA signaling during palate formation. CONCLUSIONS TCDD-induced alteration of secondary palate development in the mouse appears to depend on atRA signaling, which controls AHR expression. This mechanism is likely conserved throughout vertebrate evolution and may therefore be relevant in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugues Jacobs
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS UMR7104), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
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Fernández-Miranda G, Trakala M, Martín J, Escobar B, González A, Ghyselinck NB, Ortega S, Cañamero M, de Castro IP, Malumbres M. Genetic disruption of aurora B uncovers an essential role for aurora C during early mammalian development. J Cell Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.094631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Puttagunta R, Schmandke A, Floriddia E, Gaub P, Fomin N, Ghyselinck NB, Di Giovanni S. RA-RAR-β counteracts myelin-dependent inhibition of neurite outgrowth via Lingo-1 repression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 193:1147-56. [PMID: 21690307 PMCID: PMC3216335 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201102066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Central nervous system injury results in the release of molecules that inhibit neuronal regeneration, but retinoic acid counteracts this effect by inhibiting Lingo-1. After an acute central nervous system injury, axonal regeneration is limited as the result of a lack of neuronal intrinsic competence and the presence of extrinsic inhibitory signals. The injury fragments the myelin neuronal insulating layer, releasing extrinsic inhibitory molecules to signal through the neuronal membrane–bound Nogo receptor (NgR) complex. In this paper, we show that a neuronal transcriptional pathway can interfere with extrinsic inhibitory myelin-dependent signaling, thereby promoting neurite outgrowth. Specifically, retinoic acid (RA), acting through the RA receptor β (RAR-β), inhibited myelin-activated NgR signaling through the transcriptional repression of the NgR complex member Lingo-1. We show that suppression of Lingo-1 was required for RA–RAR-β to counteract extrinsic inhibition of neurite outgrowth. Furthermore, we confirm in vivo that RA treatment after a dorsal column overhemisection injury inhibited Lingo-1 expression, specifically through RAR-β. Our findings identify a novel link between RA–RAR-β–dependent proaxonal outgrowth and inhibitory NgR complex–dependent signaling, potentially allowing for the development of molecular strategies to enhance axonal regeneration after a central nervous system injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhika Puttagunta
- Laboratory for NeuroRegeneration and Repair, Center for Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and 2 Graduate School for Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, University of Tuebingen, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany
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25
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Fernández-Miranda G, Trakala M, Martín J, Escobar B, González A, Ghyselinck NB, Ortega S, Cañamero M, Pérez de Castro I, Malumbres M. Genetic disruption of aurora B uncovers an essential role for aurora C during early mammalian development. Development 2011; 138:2661-72. [PMID: 21613325 DOI: 10.1242/dev.066381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitosis is controlled by multiple kinases that drive cell cycle progression and prevent chromosome mis-segregation. Aurora kinase B interacts with survivin, borealin and incenp to form the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC), which is involved in the regulation of microtubule-kinetochore attachments and cytokinesis. Whereas genetic ablation of survivin, borealin or incenp results in early lethality at the morula stage, we show here that aurora B is dispensable for CPC function during early cell divisions and aurora B-null embryos are normally implanted. This is due to a crucial function of aurora C during these early embryonic cycles. Expression of aurora C decreases during late blastocyst stages resulting in post-implantation defects in aurora B-null embryos. These defects correlate with abundant prometaphase figures and apoptotic cell death of the aurora B-deficient inner cell mass. Conditional deletion of aurora B in somatic cells that do not express aurora C results in chromosomal misalignment and lack of chromosome segregation. Re-expression of wild-type, but not kinase-dead, aurora C rescues this defect, suggesting functional overlap between these two kinases. Finally, aurora B-null cells partially arrest in the presence of nocodazole, suggesting that this kinase is not essential for the spindle assembly checkpoint.
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26
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Cammas L, Trensz F, Jellali A, Ghyselinck NB, Roux MJ, Dollé P. Retinoic acid receptor (RAR)-alpha is not critically required for mediating retinoic acid effects in the developing mouse retina. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2010; 51:3281-90. [PMID: 20107170 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.09-3769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the functional contribution of retinoic acid receptor (RAR)-alpha in the developing murine neural retina, through a phenotypic analysis of the corresponding null mutants. METHODS RARalpha mutant (Rara(-/-)) mice were compared with wild-type littermates at several stages of pre- and postnatal development. An RA-response element (RARE)-containing reporter transgene was used to assess the contribution of RARalpha to retinoid signaling in the retina. In situ hybridization was performed on serial eye sections to investigate the expression of main developmental regulators. Immunofluorescence was used to detect differentiated cell types in the adult retina. Mutants were also subjected to clinical observation and visual function evaluation with the optomotor test and electroretinography. RESULTS Both isoform transcripts of RARalpha were expressed throughout the neural retina at various stages of pre- and postnatal development. In the Rara(-/-) mice the RARE-reporter transgene consistently failed to activate in the developing neural retina. However, they did not exhibit any alteration of the expression patterns of molecular determinants and had a normal organization of retinal cell types at postnatal stages. Their performance in visual tests was indistinguishable from that of control littermates. CONCLUSIONS Although RARalpha mediates RARE reporter transgene activity in the neural retina, its function is not necessary for the retina to develop and function normally. These data suggest that retinoic acid regulates neural retinal development through other, possibly RAR-independent, pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cammas
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, BP 10142 Illkirch, France
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27
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Leclerc EA, Huchenq A, Mattiuzzo NR, Metzger D, Chambon P, Ghyselinck NB, Serre G, Jonca N, Guerrin M. Corneodesmosin gene ablation induces lethal skin-barrier disruption and hair-follicle degeneration related to desmosome dysfunction. J Cell Sci 2009; 122:2699-709. [PMID: 19596793 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.050302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Corneodesmosin (CDSN) is specific to desmosomes of epithelia undergoing cornification, mainly the epidermis and the inner root sheath of the hair follicles. CDSN nonsense mutations are associated with hypotrichosis simplex of the scalp, a rare disease that leads to complete baldness in young adults. CDSN displays adhesive properties, mostly attributable to its N-terminal glycine-rich domain, and is sequentially proteolyzed as corneocytes migrate towards the skin surface. K14-promoter driven Cre-mediated deletion of Cdsn in mice resulted in neonatal death as a result of epidermal tearing upon minor mechanical stress. Ultrastructural analyses revealed a desmosomal break at the interface between the living and cornified layers. After grafting onto nude mice, knockout skin showed a chronic defect in the epidermal permeability barrier. The epidermis was first hyperproliferative with a thick cornified layer, then, both the epidermis and the hair follicles degenerated. In adults, Cdsn deletion resulted in similar histological abnormalities and in a lethal barrier defect. We demonstrate that Cdsn is not essential for skin-barrier formation in utero, but is vital throughout life to preserve this barrier by maintaining desmosome integrity. The strong adhesive function that the protein confers on corneodesmosomes also seems necessary for maintaining the architecture of the hair follicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie A Leclerc
- UMR 5165 ;Différenciation Epidermique et Autoimmunité Rhumatoïde' (UDEAR), CNRS - Université Toulouse III, IFR150, INSERM, CHU PURPAN, Place du Dr Baylac, TSA 40031, F-31059 Toulouse, Cedex 9, France
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Mark M, Ghyselinck NB, Chambon P. Function of retinoic acid receptors during embryonic development. Nucl Recept Signal 2009; 7:e002. [PMID: 19381305 PMCID: PMC2670431 DOI: 10.1621/nrs.07002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2009] [Accepted: 03/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Retinoids, the active metabolites of vitamin A, regulate complex gene networks involved in vertebrate morphogenesis, growth, cellular differentiation and homeostasis. Studies performed in vitro, using either acellular systems or transfected cells, have shown that retinoid actions are mediated through heterodimers between the RAR and RXR nuclear receptors. However, in vitro studies indicate what is possible, but not necessarily what is actually occurring in vivo, because they are performed under non-physiological conditions. Therefore, genetic approaches in the animal have been be used to determine the physiological functions of retinoid receptors. Homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells has been used to generate germline null mutations of the RAR- and RXR-coding genes in the mouse. As reviewed here, the generation of such germline mutations, combined with pharmacological approaches to block the RA signalling pathway, has provided genetic evidence that RAR/RXR heterodimers are indeed the functional units transducing the RA signal during prenatal development. However, due to (i) the complexity in “hormonal” signalling through transduction by the multiple RARs and RXRs, (ii) the functional redundancies (possibly artefactually generated by the mutations) within receptor isotypes belonging to a given family, and (iii) in utero or early postnatal lethality of certain germline null mutations, these genetic studies have failed to reveal all the physiological functions of RARs and RXRs, notably in adults. Spatio-temporally-controlled somatic mutations generated in given cell types/tissues and at chosen times during postnatal life, will be required to reveal all the functions of RAR and RXR throughout the lifetime of the mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Mark
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Département de Biologie Cellulaire and Développement, Strasbourg, France
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Mark M, Jacobs H, Oulad-Abdelghani M, Dennefeld C, Féret B, Vernet N, Codreanu CA, Chambon P, Ghyselinck NB. STRA8-deficient spermatocytes initiate, but fail to complete, meiosis and undergo premature chromosome condensation. J Cell Sci 2008; 121:3233-42. [PMID: 18799790 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.035071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We analysed the phenotypic outcome of a Stra8-null mutation on male meiosis. Because the mutant spermatocytes (1) underwent premeiotic DNA replication, (2) displayed cytological features attesting initiation of recombination and of axial-element assembly, and (3) expressed Spo11 and numerous other meiotic genes, it was concluded that STRA8 is dispensable for meiotic initiation. The few mutant spermatocytes that progressed beyond leptonema showed a prolonged bouquet-stage configuration, asynapsis and heterosynapsis, suggesting function(s) of STRA8 in chromosome pairing. Most importantly, a large number of mutant leptotene spermatocytes underwent premature chromosome condensation, within 24 hours following the meiotic S phase. This phenomenon yielded aberrant metaphase-like cells with 40 univalent chromosomes, similar to normal mitotic metaphases. From these latter observations and from the wild-type pattern of Stra8 expression, we propose that, in preleptotene spermatocytes, STRA8 is involved in the process that leads to stable commitment to the meiotic cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Mark
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, INSERM U596, CNRS UMR7104, Illkirch, France.
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Vernet N, Dennefeld C, Klopfenstein M, Ruiz A, Bok D, Ghyselinck NB, Mark M. Retinoid X receptor beta (RXRB) expression in Sertoli cells controls cholesterol homeostasis and spermiation. Reproduction 2008; 136:619-26. [PMID: 18713813 DOI: 10.1530/rep-08-0235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Somatic, targeted inactivation of the retinoid X receptor beta gene (Rxrb) in Sertoli cells (SC; yielding Rxrb(Ser-/-) mutants) leads to failure of spermatid release, accumulation of cholesterol esters and, subsequently, testis degeneration. These abnormalities are identical, in their nature and kinetics, to those observed upon inactivating Rxrb in the whole organism, thereby demonstrating that all reproductive functions of RXRB are carried out in SC. The Rxrb(Ser-/-) testis degeneration is a consequence of a cholesterol ester cell overload occurring in SC in response to reduced ABCA1- and SCARB1-mediated cholesterol efflux. The failure of spermiation was also reported in mice lacking the retinoic acid (RA) receptor-alpha (RARA) in SC (Rara(Ser-/-) mutants) and represents, in addition, a feature of vitamin A deficiency that can be readily induced in mice lacking the lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (Lrat(-/-) mutants). Altogether, these findings support the conclusion that RXRB heterodimerized with a RA-liganded RARA transduces signals required in SC for spermatid release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadège Vernet
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Inserm U596, CNRS UMR7104, Illkirch F-67400, France
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Matt N, Ghyselinck NB, Pellerin I, Dupé V. Impairing retinoic acid signalling in the neural crest cells is sufficient to alter entire eye morphogenesis. Dev Biol 2008; 320:140-8. [PMID: 18539269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2008.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2008] [Revised: 04/07/2008] [Accepted: 04/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) is known to be required at various levels of eye patterning via Retinoic Acid Receptors (RAR); however the molecular and cellular mechanisms triggered by these nuclear receptors are still obscure. The genetic studies performed here enable us to present a new model to study RA action during eye development. By inactivating the three RARs, specifically in the periocular mesenchyme, we discriminate the individual contribution of each RAR during eye development and describe a new function for RARs during the formation of the optic nerve. We demonstrate that RARalpha is the only receptor that mediates RA signalling in the neurectoderm during ocular development. Surprisingly, and despite a sophisticated pattern of RA-activity in the developing retina, we observed that RA signalling is not autonomously required in this tissue for eye formation. We show that the action of RA during eye morphogenesis is occurring specifically in neural crest-derived periocular mesenchyme and is mediated by all three RARs. Furthermore, we point out that Pitx2, which encodes a homeodomain transcription factor, is a key RA-responsive gene in neural crest cells during eye development. Interestingly, we observed that RA is required in the neural crest cells for normal position of the extraocular muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Matt
- UPR9022 du CNRS, IBMC, 15 rues Descartes, 67084 Strasbourg, France
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32
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Ruiz A, Ghyselinck NB, Mata N, Nusinowitz S, Lloyd M, Dennefeld C, Chambon P, Bok D. Somatic ablation of the Lrat gene in the mouse retinal pigment epithelium drastically reduces its retinoid storage. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008; 48:5377-87. [PMID: 18055784 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.07-0673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To generate a mouse model in which the Lrat gene is selectively disrupted in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). To evaluate the effects on the synthesis of retinyl esters and on the expression of other proteins involved in the continuation of the visual cycle. METHODS A mouse line in which part of the first exon of the Lrat gene has been flanked by loxP sites, was generated and used in the study (Lrat(L3/L3) mice). Heterozygous mice (Lrat(+/L3)) were crossed with mice expressing Cre-recombinase under control of the tyrosinase-related protein-1 (Tyrp1) promoter, which is active selectively in melanin-synthesizing cells such as RPE cells. Accordingly, mice obtained from these crosses should display an RPE-specific disruption of the Lrat gene (Lrat(rpe-/-)). In addition, by crossing CMV-Cre transgenic mice with Lrat(L3/L3) animals, a germline null Lrat knockout (Lrat(L-/L-) mice) was generated. RNA and protein expression, endogenous retinoid levels, and electroretinogram (ERG) analyses were performed on Lrat(rpe-/-) and Lrat(L-)/(L-) mice, to determine the effects of Lrat disruption. Retinoid levels in nonocular tissues were also analyzed for comparison. RESULTS Analysis of RPE tissues from Lrat(rpe-/-) mice showed absence of Lrat message, lack of Lrat protein expression and consequently a reduced light response in ERG recordings. In addition, RPE cells from Lrat(rpe-/-) showed a strong reduction in their ability to synthesize all-trans retinyl esters, whereas Lrat activity in other tissues known to process retinol was comparable to control Lrat(L3/L3) animals. The Lrat(L-/L-) mice showed no detectable Lrat message, lack of protein expression, and barely detectable ester formation in RPE cells or several other relevant tissues analyzed. CONCLUSIONS Three Lrat mouse lines with genetic modifications were generated. The Lrat(L-)/(L-) mice displayed features similar to equivalent models previously reported by others. The second mouse line (Lrat(rpe-/-)) displayed loss of Lrat function only in the RPE. The third line possesses functional Lrat in all tissues, but part of the Lrat coding gene was flanked by loxP sites (Lrat(L3/L3)). This feature allows the disruption of this gene in any tissue of choice, by intercrossing with mice in which Cre-recombinase expression is driven by an appropriate tissue-specific promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Ruiz
- Jules Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles 90095-7002, USA
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33
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Tafti
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Vauclair S, Majo F, Durham AD, Ghyselinck NB, Barrandon Y, Radtke F. Corneal Epithelial Cell Fate Is Maintained during Repair by Notch1 Signaling via the Regulation of Vitamin A Metabolism. Dev Cell 2007; 13:242-53. [PMID: 17681135 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2007.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2007] [Revised: 06/11/2007] [Accepted: 06/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Integrity and preservation of a transparent cornea are essential for good vision. The corneal epithelium is stratified and nonkeratinized and is maintained and repaired by corneal stem cells. Here we demonstrate that Notch1 signaling is essential for cell fate maintenance of corneal epithelium during repair. Inducible ablation of Notch1 in the cornea combined with mechanical wounding show that Notch1-deficient corneal progenitor cells differentiate into a hyperplastic, keratinized, skin-like epithelium. This cell fate switch leads to corneal blindness and involves cell nonautonomous processes, characterized by secretion of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) through Notch1(-/-) epithelium followed by vascularization and remodeling of the underlying stroma. Vitamin A deficiency is known to induce a similar corneal defect in humans (severe xerophthalmia). Accordingly, we found that Notch1 signaling is linked to vitamin A metabolism by regulating the expression of cellular retinol binding protein 1 (CRBP1), required to generate a pool of intracellular retinol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Vauclair
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Chemin des Boveresses 155, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
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Schnütgen F, Ghyselinck NB. Adopting the good reFLEXes when generating conditional alterations in the mouse genome. Transgenic Res 2007; 16:405-13. [PMID: 17415672 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-007-9089-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2007] [Accepted: 02/28/2007] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Major advances have been made in the use of the Cre/loxP system for conditional gene targeting in the mouse. By combining the ability of Cre recombinase to invert or excise a DNA fragment, depending upon the orientation of the flanking loxP sites, and the use of wild-type loxP and variant lox511 sites, we devised an efficient and reliable Cre-mediated genetic switch, called FLEX, through which expression of a given gene can be turned off, while expression of another one can be simultaneously turned on. We discuss how this innovative, flexible and powerful approach, which virtually adapts to any kind of site-specific recombinase (e.g., Cre and Flp recombinases), can be used to easily generate, even at high throughput and genome wide scale, many genetic modifications in a conditional manner, including those which were considered as difficult or impossible to achieve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Schnütgen
- Department of Molecular Haematology, University of Frankfurt Medical School, Theodor Stern Kai 7, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Halilagic A, Ribes V, Ghyselinck NB, Zile MH, Dollé P, Studer M. Retinoids control anterior and dorsal properties in the developing forebrain. Dev Biol 2007; 303:362-75. [PMID: 17184764 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2006] [Revised: 09/01/2006] [Accepted: 11/14/2006] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We have previously shown that retinoic acid (RA) synthesized by the retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (RALDH2) is required in forebrain development. Deficiency in RA due to inactivation of the mouse Raldh2 gene or to complete absence of retinoids in vitamin-A-deficient (VAD) quails, leads to abnormal morphogenesis of various forebrain derivatives. In this study we show that double Raldh2/Raldh3 mouse mutants have a more severe phenotype in the craniofacial region than single null mutants. In particular, the nasal processes are truncated and the eye abnormalities are exacerbated. It has been previously shown that retinoids act mainly on cell proliferation and survival in the ventral forebrain by regulating SHH and FGF8 signaling. Using the VAD quail model, which survives longer than the Raldh-deficient mouse embryos, we found that retinoids act in maintaining the correct position of anterior and dorsal boundaries in the forebrain by modulating FGF8 anteriorly and WNT signaling dorsally. Furthermore, BMP4 and FGF8 signaling are affected in the nasal region and BMP4 is ventrally expanded in the optic vesicle. At the optic cup stage, Pax6, Tbx5 and Bmp4 are ectopically expressed in the presumptive retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE), while Otx2 and Mitf are not induced, leading to a dorsal transdifferentiation of RPE to neural retina. Therefore, besides being required for survival of ventral structures, retinoids are involved in restricting anterior identity in the telencephalon and dorsal identity in the diencephalon and the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Halilagic
- MRC Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
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Vernet N, Dennefeld C, Guillou F, Chambon P, Ghyselinck NB, Mark M. Prepubertal testis development relies on retinoic acid but not rexinoid receptors in Sertoli cells. EMBO J 2006; 25:5816-25. [PMID: 17124491 PMCID: PMC1698894 DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7601447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2006] [Accepted: 10/24/2006] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sertoli cells (SC) are instrumental to stem spermatogonia differentiation, a process that critically depends on retinoic acid (RA). We show here that selective ablation of RA receptor alpha (RARalpha) gene in mouse SC, singly (Rara(Ser-/-) mutation) or in combination with RARbeta and RARgamma genes (Rara/b/g(Ser-/-) mutation), abolishes cyclical gene expression in these cells. It additionally induces testis degeneration and delays spermatogonial expression of Stra8, two hallmarks of RA deficiency. As identical defects are generated upon inactivation of RARalpha in the whole organism, our data demonstrate that all the functions exerted by RARalpha in male reproduction are Sertoli cell-autonomous. They further indicate that RARalpha is a master regulator of the cyclical activity of SC and controls paracrine pathways required for spermatogonia differentiation and germ cell survival. Most importantly, we show that the ablation of all RXR (alpha, beta and gamma isotypes) in SC does not recapitulate the phenotype generated upon ablation of all three RARs, thereby providing the first evidence that RARs exert functions in vivo independently of RXRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadège Vernet
- IGBMC (Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, INSERM, U596, Illkirch, France; CNRS, UMR7104, Illkirch, France; Faculté de Médecine, Strasbourg, France
| | - Christine Dennefeld
- IGBMC (Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, INSERM, U596, Illkirch, France; CNRS, UMR7104, Illkirch, France; Faculté de Médecine, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Pierre Chambon
- IGBMC (Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, INSERM, U596, Illkirch, France; CNRS, UMR7104, Illkirch, France; Faculté de Médecine, Strasbourg, France
| | - Norbert B Ghyselinck
- IGBMC (Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, INSERM, U596, Illkirch, France; CNRS, UMR7104, Illkirch, France; Faculté de Médecine, Strasbourg, France
| | - Manuel Mark
- IGBMC (Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, INSERM, U596, Illkirch, France; CNRS, UMR7104, Illkirch, France; Faculté de Médecine, Strasbourg, France
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Calléja C, Messaddeq N, Chapellier B, Yang H, Krezel W, Li M, Metzger D, Mascrez B, Ohta K, Kagechika H, Endo Y, Mark M, Ghyselinck NB, Chambon P. Genetic and pharmacological evidence that a retinoic acid cannot be the RXR-activating ligand in mouse epidermis keratinocytes. Genes Dev 2006; 20:1525-38. [PMID: 16751185 PMCID: PMC1475764 DOI: 10.1101/gad.368706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Using genetic and pharmacological approaches, we demonstrate that both RARgamma/RXRalpha heterodimers involved in repression events, as well as PPARbeta(delta)/RXRalpha heterodimers involved in activation events, are cell-autonomously required in suprabasal keratinocytes for the generation of lamellar granules (LG), the organelles instrumental to the formation of the skin permeability barrier. In activating PPARbeta(delta)/RXRalpha heterodimers, RXRalpha is transcriptionally active as its AF-2 activation function is required and can be inhibited by an RXR-selective antagonist. Within repressing RARgamma/RXRalpha heterodimers, induction of the transcriptional activity of RXRalpha is subordinated to the addition of an agonistic ligand for RARgamma. Thus, the ligand that possibly binds and activates RXRalpha heterodimerized with PPARbeta(delta) cannot be a retinoic acid, as it would also bind RARgamma and relieve the RARgamma-mediated repression, thereby yielding abnormal LGs. Our data also demonstrate for the first time that subordination of RXR transcriptional activity to that of its RAR partner plays a crucial role in vivo, because it allows RXRs to act concomitantly, within the same cell, as heterodimerization partners for repression, as well as for activation events in which they are transcriptionally active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Calléja
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), CNRS/INSERM/ULP, Collège de France, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, CU de Strasbourg, France
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39
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Ghyselinck NB, Vernet N, Dennefeld C, Giese N, Nau H, Chambon P, Viville S, Mark M. Retinoids and spermatogenesis: Lessons from mutant mice lacking the plasma retinol binding protein. Dev Dyn 2006; 235:1608-22. [PMID: 16586441 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.20795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Using Rbp4-null mice as models, we have established for the first time the kinetics of the spermatogenetic alterations during vitamin A deficiency (VAD). Our data demonstrate that the VAD-induced testicular degeneration arises through the normal maturation of germ cells in a context of spermatogonia differentiation arrest. They indicate that retinoic acid (RA) appears dispensable for the transition of premeiotic to meiotic spermatocytes, meiosis, and spermiogenesis. They confirm that RA plays critical roles in controlling spermatogonia differentiation, spermatid adhesion to Sertoli cells, and spermiation, and suggest that the VAD-induced arrest of spermatogonia differentiation results from simultaneous blocks in RA-dependent events mediated by RA receptor gamma (RARgamma) in spermatogonia and by RARalpha in Sertoli cells. They also provide evidence that expression of major RA-metabolizing enzymes is increased in mouse Sertoli cells upon VAD and that vitamin A-deficient A spermatogonia differ from their RA-sufficient counterparts by the expression of the Stra8 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert B Ghyselinck
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)/(INSERM)/Université Louis Pasteur de Strasbourg (ULP)/Collège de France. Communauté Urbaine de Strasbourg, France
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40
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Mark M, Ghyselinck NB, Chambon P. Function of retinoid nuclear receptors: lessons from genetic and pharmacological dissections of the retinoic acid signaling pathway during mouse embryogenesis. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2006; 46:451-80. [PMID: 16402912 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.46.120604.141156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 470] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) is involved in vertebrate morphogenesis, growth, cellular differentiation, and tissue homeostasis. The use of in vitro systems initially led to the identification of nuclear receptor RXR/RAR heterodimers as possible transducers of the RA signal. To unveil the physiological functions of RARs and RXRs, genetic and pharmacological studies have been performed in the mouse. Together, their results demonstrate that (a) RXR/RAR heterodimers in which RXR is either transcriptionally active or silent are involved in the transduction of the RA signal during prenatal development, (b) specific RXRalpha/RAR heterodimers are required at many distinct stages during early embryogenesis and organogenesis, (c) the physiological role of RA and its receptors cannot be extrapolated from teratogenesis studies using retinoids in excess. Additional cell type-restricted and temporally controlled somatic mutagenesis is required to determine the functions of RARs and RXRs during postnatal life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Mark
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Institut Clinique de la Souris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/INSERM, Université Louis Pasteur de Strasbourg, Collège de France, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, CU de Strasbourg, France
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41
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Vernet N, Dennefeld C, Rochette-Egly C, Oulad-Abdelghani M, Chambon P, Ghyselinck NB, Mark M. Retinoic acid metabolism and signaling pathways in the adult and developing mouse testis. Endocrinology 2006; 147:96-110. [PMID: 16210368 DOI: 10.1210/en.2005-0953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
As a first step in investigating the role of retinoic acid (RA) in mouse testis, we analyzed the distribution pattern of the enzymes involved in vitamin A storage (lecithin:retinol acyltransferase), RA synthesis (beta-carotene 15,15'-monoxygenase and retinaldehyde dehydrogenases) and RA degradation (cytochrome P450 hydroxylases) as well as those of all isotypes of receptors transducing the RA signal [RA receptors (RARs) and rexinoid receptors (RXRs)]. Our data indicate that in adult testis 1) cytochrome P450 hydroxylase enzymes may generate in peritubular myoid cells a catabolic barrier that prevents circulating RA and RA synthesized by Leydig cells to enter the seminiferous epithelium; 2) the compartmentalization of RA synthesis within this epithelium may modulate, through paracrine mechanisms, the coupling between spermatogonia proliferation and spermatogenesis; 3) retinyl esters synthesized in round spermatids by lecithin:retinol acyltransferase may be transferred and stored in Sertoli cells, in the form of adipose differentiation-related protein-coated lipid droplets. We also show that RARalpha and RXRbeta are confined to Sertoli cells, whereas RARgamma is expressed in spermatogonia and RARbeta, RXRalpha, and RXRgamma are colocalized in step 7-8 spermatids. Correlating these expression patterns with the pathological phenotypes generated in response to RAR and RXR mutations and to postnatal vitamin A deficiency suggests that spermiation requires RXRbeta/RARalpha heterodimers in Sertoli cells, whereas spermatogonia proliferation involves, independently of RXR, two distinct RAR-mediated signaling pathways in both Sertoli cells and spermatogonia. Our data also suggest that the involvement of RA in testis development starts when primary spermatogonia first appear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadège Vernet
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université Louis Pasteur de Strasbourg (ULP)/Collège de France, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, Communauté Urbaine de Strasbourg, France
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42
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Hoegberg P, Schmidt CK, Fletcher N, Nilsson CB, Trossvik C, Gerlienke Schuur A, Brouwer A, Nau H, Ghyselinck NB, Chambon P, Håkansson H. Retinoid status and responsiveness to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in mice lacking retinoid binding protein or retinoid receptor forms. Chem Biol Interact 2005; 156:25-39. [PMID: 16109390 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2005.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2005] [Revised: 06/16/2005] [Accepted: 06/27/2005] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the role of Vitamin A (retinoid) proteins in hepatic retinoid processing under normal conditions and during chemical stress induced by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), a chemical known to interfere with retinoid turnover and metabolism. Three separate studies were performed in wildtype control mice and transgenic mice that lack one or more isoforms of retinoic acid receptors (RAR), retinoid X receptors (RXR), or intracellular retinoid-binding proteins (CRABP I, CRABP II, CRBP I). Body and organ weight development was monitored from 2 weeks of age to adult, and hepatic levels of retinyl esters, retinol, and retinoic acid were investigated. In addition, hepatic concentrations of 9-cis-4-oxo-13,14-dihydro-retinoic acid, a recently discovered retinoid metabolite that has proven sensitive to both TCDD exposure and Vitamin A status, were also determined. Mice absent in the three proteins CRBP I, CRABP I, and CRABP II (CI/CAI/CAII-/-) displayed significantly lower hepatic retinyl ester, retinol, and all-trans-retinoic acid levels compared to wildtype mice, whereas the liver concentrations of 9-cis-4-oxo-13,14-dihydro-retinoic acid was considerably higher. After treatment with TCDD, hepatic total retinoids were almost entirely depleted in the CI/CAI/CAII-/- mice, whereas wildtype mice and mice lacking CRABP I, and CRABP II (CAI/CAII-/-) retained approximately 60-70% of their Vitamin A content compared to controls at 28 days. RAR and RXR knockout mice responded similarly to wildtype mice with respect to TCDD-induced retinoid disruption, with the exception of RXRbeta-/- mice which showed no decrease in hepatic Vitamin A concentration, suggesting that the role of RXRbeta in TCDD-induced retinoid disruption should be further investigated. Overall, the abnormal retinoid profile in the triple knockout mice (CI/CAI/CAII-/-), but not double knockout (CAI/CAII-/-) mice, suggests that a loss of CRBP I may account for the difference in retinoid profile in CI/CAI/CAII-/- mice, and is likely to result in an increased susceptibility to hepatic retinoid depletion following dioxin exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pi Hoegberg
- Karolinska Institutet, Institute of Environmental Medicine, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
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43
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Abstract
Delta oscillations, characteristic of the electroencephalogram (EEG) of slow wave sleep, estimate sleep depth and need and are thought to be closely linked to the recovery function of sleep. The cellular mechanisms underlying the generation of delta waves at the cortical and thalamic levels are well documented, but the molecular regulatory mechanisms remain elusive. Here we demonstrate in the mouse that the gene encoding the retinoic acid receptor beta determines the contribution of delta oscillations to the sleep EEG. Thus, retinoic acid signaling, which is involved in the patterning of the brain and dopaminergic pathways, regulates cortical synchrony in the adult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Maret
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Génopode, 1015 Lausanne-Dorigny, Switzerland
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Matt N, Dupé V, Garnier JM, Dennefeld C, Chambon P, Mark M, Ghyselinck NB. Retinoic acid-dependent eye morphogenesis is orchestrated by neural crest cells. Development 2005; 132:4789-800. [PMID: 16207763 DOI: 10.1242/dev.02031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Using genetic approaches in the mouse, we show that the primary target tissue of retinoic acid (RA) action during eye morphogenesis is not the retina nor the corneal ectoderm, which both express RA-synthesizing retinaldehyde dehydrogenases (RALDH1 and RALDH3), but the neural crest cell-derived periocular mesenchyme (POM), which is devoid of RALDH. In POM, the effects of the paracrine RA signal are mediated by the nuclear RA receptors heterodimers RXRalpha/RARbeta and RXRalpha/RARgamma. These heterodimers appear to control: (1) the remodeling of the POM through activation of Eya2-related apoptosis; (2) the expression of Foxc1 and Pitx2, which play crucial roles in anterior eye segment development; and (3) the growth of the ventral retina. We additionally show that RALDH1 and RALDH3 are the only enzymes that are required for RA synthesis in the eye region from E10.5 to E13.5, and that patterning of the dorsoventral axis of the retina does not require RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Matt
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC Collège de France, BP10142, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, CU de Strasbourg, France
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45
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Matt N, Schmidt CK, Dupé V, Dennefeld C, Nau H, Chambon P, Mark M, Ghyselinck NB. Contribution of cellular retinol-binding protein type 1 to retinol metabolism during mouse development. Dev Dyn 2005; 233:167-76. [PMID: 15765518 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.20313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Within cells, retinol (ROL) is bound to cytoplasmic proteins (cellular retinol-binding proteins [CRBPs]), whose proposed function is to protect it from unspecific enzymes through channeling to retinoid-metabolizing pathways. We show that, during development, ROL and retinyl ester levels are decreased in CRBP type 1 (CRBP1) -deficient embryos and fetuses by 50% and 80%, respectively. The steady state level of retinoic acid (RA) is also decreased but to a lesser extent. However, CRBP1-null fetuses do not exhibit the abnormalities characteristic of a vitamin A-deficiency syndrome. Neither CRBP1 deficiency alters the expression patterns of RA-responding genes during development, nor does CRBP1 availability modify the expression of an RA-dependent gene in primary embryonic fibroblasts treated with ROL. Therefore, CRBP1 is required in prenatal life to maintain normal amounts of ROL and to ensure its efficient storage but seems of secondary importance for RA synthesis, at least under conditions of maternal vitamin A sufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Matt
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), CNRS/INSERM/ULP, Collège de France, BP10142, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, CU de Strasbourg, France
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46
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Schnütgen F, De-Zolt S, Van Sloun P, Hollatz M, Floss T, Hansen J, Altschmied J, Seisenberger C, Ghyselinck NB, Ruiz P, Chambon P, Wurst W, von Melchner H. Genomewide production of multipurpose alleles for the functional analysis of the mouse genome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005; 102:7221-6. [PMID: 15870191 PMCID: PMC1129123 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0502273102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A type of retroviral gene trap vectors has been developed that can induce conditional mutations in most genes expressed in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells. The vectors rely on directional site-specific recombination systems that can repair and re-induce gene trap mutations when activated in succession. After the gene traps are inserted into the mouse genome, genetic mutations can be produced at a particular time and place in somatic cells. In addition to their conditional features, the vectors create multipurpose alleles amenable to a wide range of post-insertional modifications. Here we have used these directional recombination vectors to assemble the largest library of ES cell lines with conditional mutations in single genes yet assembled, presently totaling 1,000 unique genes. The trapped ES cell lines, which can be ordered from the German Gene Trap Consortium, are freely available to the scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Schnütgen
- Department of Molecular Hematology, University of Frankfurt Medical School, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Abstract
Branchial arches develop through a complex sequence of interactions between migrating cells, derived from neural crest and mesoderm, and epithelia of ectodermal and endodermal origin, to yield a variety of derivatives, notably skeletal elements, arteries and glands. In all vertebrate species, dramatic malformations generated by experimental blocks or activations of retinoic acid signalling highlight key roles for this molecule in the endoderm for branchial arch formation and morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Mark
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), CNRS/INSERM/ULP, Collège de France, BP10142, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, CU de Strasbourg, France.
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48
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Serpente P, Tümpel S, Ghyselinck NB, Niederreither K, Wiedemann LM, Dollé P, Chambon P, Krumlauf R, Gould AP. Direct crossregulation between retinoic acid receptor β and Hox genes during hindbrain segmentation. Development 2005; 132:503-13. [PMID: 15634700 DOI: 10.1242/dev.01593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
During anteroposterior (AP) patterning of the developing hindbrain, the expression borders of many transcription factors are aligned at interfaces between neural segments called rhombomeres (r). Mechanisms regulating segmental expression have been identified for Hox genes, but for other classes of AP patterning genes there is only limited information. We have analysed the murine retinoic acid receptor β gene (Rarb) and show that it is induced prior to segmentation, by retinoic-acid (RA) signalling from the mesoderm. Induction establishes a diffuse expression border that regresses until, at later stages, it is stably maintained at the r6/r7 boundary by inputs from Hoxb4 and Hoxd4. Separate RA- and Hox-responsive enhancers mediate the two phases of Rarb expression: a regulatory mechanism remarkably similar to that of Hoxb4. By showing that Rarb is a direct transcriptional target of Hoxb4, this study identifies a new molecular link, completing a feedback circuit between Rarb, Hoxb4 and Hoxd4. We propose that the function of this circuit is to align the initially incongruent expression of multiple RA-induced genes at a single segment boundary.
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MESH Headings
- Aldehyde Oxidoreductases/genetics
- Aldehyde Oxidoreductases/metabolism
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Binding Sites
- Chickens
- Embryo, Mammalian/cytology
- Embryo, Mammalian/embryology
- Embryo, Mammalian/metabolism
- Embryo, Nonmammalian
- Enhancer Elements, Genetic/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Homeodomain Proteins/chemistry
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Molecular Sequence Data
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/genetics
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/metabolism
- Rhombencephalon/cytology
- Rhombencephalon/embryology
- Rhombencephalon/metabolism
- Sequence Alignment
- Time Factors
- Transcription Factors/chemistry
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Tretinoin/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Serpente
- Medical Research Council, National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London, NW7 1AA, UK
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49
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Farias EF, Ong DE, Ghyselinck NB, Nakajo S, Kuppumbatti YS, Mira y Lopez R. Cellular retinol-binding protein I, a regulator of breast epithelial retinoic acid receptor activity, cell differentiation, and tumorigenicity. J Natl Cancer Inst 2005; 97:21-9. [PMID: 15632377 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/dji004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinoic acid receptor (RAR) activation induces cell differentiation and may antagonize cancer progression. Cellular retinol-binding protein I (CRBP-I) functions in retinol storage and its expression is lower in human cancers than in normal cells. We hypothesized that retinol storage might be linked to RAR activation and thus that lowered CRBP-I function might impair RAR activity and cell differentiation. METHODS Sarcoma virus 40-immortalized human mammary epithelial cells (MTSV1-7) devoid of CRBP-I were transfected with wild-type CRBP-I or CRBP-I point mutants with low RA binding affinity. The subcellular localization of CRBP-I was investigated in these cells and in wild-type or CRBP-I null mouse mammary epithelial cells (MECs), using indirect immunofluorescence and sucrose gradient fractionation. RAR activity was assessed using reporter gene assays. Acinar differentiation and in vivo tumor growth were assessed in reconstituted basement membrane and athymic mice, respectively. RESULTS In cells expressing wild-type CRBP-I but not the CRBP-I mutants, CRBP-I was found mainly in lipid droplets, the retinol storage organelle, and this localization was associated with promotion of retinol storage by wild-type CRBP-I only. RAR activity was higher and acinar differentiation was observed in cells expressing wild-type but not mutant CRBP-I. RAR antagonist treatment blocked and chronic RA treatment mimicked, the CRBP-I induction of cell differentiation. Finally, CRBP-I suppressed tumorigenicity in athymic mice. CONCLUSIONS Physiologic RAR activation is dependent on CRBP-I-mediated retinol storage, and CRBP-I downregulation chronically compromises RAR activity, leading to loss of cell differentiation and tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo F Farias
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Annenberg Bldg., Rm 24-74, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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50
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Mascrez B, Ghyselinck NB, Watanabe M, Annicotte JS, Chambon P, Auwerx J, Mark M. Ligand-dependent contribution of RXRbeta to cholesterol homeostasis in Sertoli cells. EMBO Rep 2004; 5:285-90. [PMID: 14993927 PMCID: PMC1299005 DOI: 10.1038/sj.embor.7400094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2003] [Revised: 12/02/2003] [Accepted: 01/08/2004] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We show that mice expressing retinoid X receptor beta (RXRbeta) impaired in its transcriptional activation function AF-2 (Rxrb(af20) mutation) do not display the spermatid release defects observed in RXRbeta-null mutants, indicating that the role of RXRbeta in spermatid release is ligand-independent. In contrast, like RXRbeta-null mutants, Rxrb(af20) mice accumulate cholesteryl esters in Sertoli cells (SCs) due to reduced ABCA1 transporter-mediated cholesterol efflux. We provide genetic and molecular evidence that cholesterol homeostasis in SCs does not require PPARalpha and beta, but depends upon the TIF2 coactivator and RXRbeta/LXRbeta heterodimers, in which RXRbeta AF-2 is transcriptionally active. Our results also indicate that RXRbeta may be activated by a ligand distinct from 9-cis retinoic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bénédicte Mascrez
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), CNRS/INSERM/ULP, Collège de France, BP10142, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, CU de Strasbourg, France
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Norbert B Ghyselinck
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), CNRS/INSERM/ULP, Collège de France, BP10142, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, CU de Strasbourg, France
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Mitsuhiro Watanabe
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), CNRS/INSERM/ULP, Collège de France, BP10142, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, CU de Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Sébastien Annicotte
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), CNRS/INSERM/ULP, Collège de France, BP10142, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, CU de Strasbourg, France
| | - Pierre Chambon
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), CNRS/INSERM/ULP, Collège de France, BP10142, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, CU de Strasbourg, France
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), CNRS/INSERM/ULP, Collège de France, BP10142, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, CU de Strasbourg, France
| | - Manuel Mark
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), CNRS/INSERM/ULP, Collège de France, BP10142, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, CU de Strasbourg, France
- Tel: +33 388 655 636; Fax: +33 388 653 201; E-mail:
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