1
|
Guarnera L, Santinelli E, Galossi E, Cristiano A, Fabiani E, Falconi G, Voso MT. Microenvironment in acute myeloid leukemia: focus on senescence mechanisms, therapeutic interactions, and future directions. Exp Hematol 2024; 129:104118. [PMID: 37741607 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2023.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a disease with a dismal prognosis, mainly affecting the elderly. In recent years, new drugs have improved life expectancy and quality of life, and a better understanding of the genetic-molecular nature of the disease has shed light on previously unknown aspects of leukemogenesis. In parallel, increasing attention has been attracted to the complex interactions between cells and soluble factors in the bone marrow (BM) environment, collectively known as the microenvironment. In this review, we discuss the central role of the microenvironment in physiologic and pathologic hematopoiesis and the mechanisms of senescence, considered a fundamental protective mechanism against the proliferation of damaged and pretumoral cells. The microenvironment also represents a fertile ground for the development of myeloid malignancies, and the leukemic niche significantly interacts with drugs commonly used in AML treatment. Finally, we focus on the role of the microenvironment in the engraftment and complications of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, the only curative option in a conspicuous proportion of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Guarnera
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Santinelli
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Galossi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Cristiano
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Emiliano Fabiani
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy; Saint Camillus International, University of Health Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Falconi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Voso
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy; Neuro-Oncohematology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Farooq F, Amin A, Wani UM, Lone A, Qadri RA. Shielding and nurturing: Fibronectin as a modulator of cancer drug resistance. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:1651-1669. [PMID: 37269547 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to chemotherapy and targeted therapies constitute a common hallmark of most cancers and represent a dominant factor fostering tumor relapse and metastasis. Fibronectin, an abundant extracellular matrix glycoprotein, has long been proposed to play an important role in the pathobiology of cancer. Recent research has unraveled the role of Fibronectin in the onset of chemoresistance against a variety of antineoplastic drugs including DNA-damaging agents, hormone receptor antagonists, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, microtubule destabilizing agents, etc. The current review summarizes the role played by Fibronectin in mediating drug resistance against diverse anticancer drugs. We have also discussed how the aberrant expression of Fibronectin drives the oncogenic signaling pathways ultimately leading to drug resistance through the inhibition of apoptosis, promotion of cancer cell growth and proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faizah Farooq
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Asif Amin
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Umer Majeed Wani
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Asif Lone
- Department of Biochemistry, Deshbandu College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Raies A Qadri
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Relaxin-2 plasma levels in atrial fibrillation are linked to inflammation and oxidative stress markers. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22287. [PMID: 36566255 PMCID: PMC9789945 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26836-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Relaxin-2 exerts many favourable cardiovascular effects in pathological circumstances such as atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure, but the mechanisms underlying its actions are not completely understood. Since inflammation and fibrosis are pivotal processes in the pathogenesis of AF, our aim was to study the relationship between relaxin-2 plasma levels in left atrium (LA) and peripheral vein with molecules implicated in fibrosis, inflammation and oxidative stress in AF patients, and to evaluate the anti-fibrotic ability of relaxin-2 in normal human atrial cardiac fibroblasts (NHCF-A). Peripheral vein relaxin-2 plasma levels were higher than LA relaxin-2 plasma levels in men while, in women, peripheral vein relaxin-2 levels were increased compared to men. AF patients with higher levels of relaxin-2 exhibited a reduction in H2O2 plasma levels and in mRNA levels of alpha-defensin 3 (DEFA3) and IL-6 in leucocytes from LA plasma. Relaxin-2-in-vitro treatment inhibited NHCF-A migration and decreased mRNA and protein levels of the pro-fibrotic molecule transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). Our results support an association between relaxin-2 and molecules involved in fibrosis, inflammation and oxidative stress in AF patients, and reinforce an anti-fibrotic protective role of this hormone in NHCF-A; strengthening the relevance of relaxin-2 in AF physiopathology, diagnosis and treatment.
Collapse
|
4
|
The role of osteoprotegerin (OPG) in fibrosis: its potential as a biomarker and/or biological target for the treatment of fibrotic diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 228:107941. [PMID: 34171336 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is defined by excessive formation and accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins, produced by myofibroblasts, that supersedes normal wound healing responses to injury and results in progressive architectural remodelling. Fibrosis is often detected in advanced disease stages when an organ is already severely damaged and can no longer function properly. Therefore, there is an urgent need for reliable and easily detectable markers to identify and monitor fibrosis onset and progression as early as possible; this will greatly facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Osteoprotegerin (OPG), a well-known regulator of bone extracellular matrix and most studied for its role in regulating bone mass, is expressed in various organs and functions as a decoy for receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). Recently, OPG has been linked to fibrosis and fibrogenesis, and has been included in a panel of markers to diagnose liver fibrosis. Multiple studies now suggest that OPG may be a general biomarker suitable for detection of fibrosis and/or monitoring the impact of fibrosis treatment. This review summarizes our current understanding of the role of OPG in fibrosis and will discuss its potential as a biomarker and/or novel therapeutic target for fibrosis.
Collapse
|
5
|
Shi B, Wang W, Korman B, Kai L, Wang Q, Wei J, Bale S, Marangoni RG, Bhattacharyya S, Miller S, Xu D, Akbarpour M, Cheresh P, Proccissi D, Gursel D, Espindola-Netto JM, Chini CCS, de Oliveira GC, Gudjonsson JE, Chini EN, Varga J. Targeting CD38-dependent NAD + metabolism to mitigate multiple organ fibrosis. iScience 2020; 24:101902. [PMID: 33385109 PMCID: PMC7770554 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The processes underlying synchronous multiple organ fibrosis in systemic sclerosis (SSc) remain poorly understood. Age-related pathologies are associated with organismal decline in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) that is due to dysregulation of NAD+ homeostasis and involves the NADase CD38. We now show that CD38 is upregulated in patients with diffuse cutaneous SSc, and CD38 levels in the skin associate with molecular fibrosis signatures, as well as clinical fibrosis scores, while expression of key NAD+-synthesizing enzymes is unaltered. Boosting NAD+ via genetic or pharmacological CD38 targeting or NAD+ precursor supplementation protected mice from skin, lung, and peritoneal fibrosis. In mechanistic experiments, CD38 was found to reduce NAD+ levels and sirtuin activity to augment cellular fibrotic responses, while inhibiting CD38 had the opposite effect. Thus, we identify CD38 upregulation and resulting disrupted NAD+ homeostasis as a fundamental mechanism driving fibrosis in SSc, suggesting that CD38 might represent a novel therapeutic target. CD38 shows elevated expression in skin biopsies of patients with systemic sclerosis Elevated CD38 is associated with reduced NAD+ and augmented fibrotic responses Genetic loss of CD38 is associated with increased NAD+ levels and attenuated fibrosis NAD+ boosting via CD38 inhibition or NR supplementation prevents multi-organ fibrosis
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Shi
- Northwestern Scleroderma Program, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Wenxia Wang
- Northwestern Scleroderma Program, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Benjamin Korman
- Northwestern Scleroderma Program, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Li Kai
- Northwestern Scleroderma Program, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Northwestern Scleroderma Program, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jun Wei
- Northwestern Scleroderma Program, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Swarna Bale
- Northwestern Scleroderma Program, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Roberta Goncalves Marangoni
- Northwestern Scleroderma Program, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Swati Bhattacharyya
- Northwestern Scleroderma Program, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Stephen Miller
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Dan Xu
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Mahzad Akbarpour
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Paul Cheresh
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Daniele Proccissi
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Demirkan Gursel
- Pathology Core Facility, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | | | - Claudia C S Chini
- Department of Anesthesiology and Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester 55905 MN, USA
| | - Guilherme C de Oliveira
- Department of Anesthesiology and Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester 55905 MN, USA
| | | | - Eduardo N Chini
- Department of Anesthesiology and Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester 55905 MN, USA
| | - John Varga
- Northwestern Scleroderma Program, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kumar A, Xu Y, Yang E, Du Y. Stemness and Regenerative Potential of Corneal Stromal Stem Cells and Their Secretome After Long-Term Storage: Implications for Ocular Regeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 59:3728-3738. [PMID: 30046814 PMCID: PMC6059729 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-23824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To assess the stemness and regenerative potential of cryopreserved corneal stromal stem cells (cryo-CSSCs) after long-term storage. We also used the secretome from these cells to observe the effect on wound-healing capacity of corneal fibroblasts and on the expression of fibrotic markers during wound healing. Methods CSSCs were obtained from three donors and stored in liquid nitrogen for approximately 10 years. Post thaw, cryo-CSSCs were characterized for stemness using phenotypic and genotypic markers along with colony-forming efficiency and three-dimensional spheroid formation. Multilineage differentiation was observed by differentiation into osteocytes, adipocytes, neural cells, and keratocytes. Secretome was harvested by culturing cryo-CSSCs in log phase. Wound-healing capacity was observed by live-cell time-lapse microscopy. Statistical analysis was done using 1-way ANOVA and Tukey posttest. Results CSSCs displayed good viability post thaw and showed >90% expression of stem cell markers CD90, CD73, CD105, STRO1, and CD166. cryo-CSSCs also expressed stem cell genes OCT4, KLF4, and ABCG2, and could also form colonies and three-dimensional spheroids. Multipotency assessment showed that all three cryo-CSSCs could differentiate into osteocytes, adipocytes, neural cells, as shown by β-III tubulin and neurofilament antibody staining and corneal keratocytes as observed by staining for Kera C, J19, and collagen V antibodies. The secretome derived from these three populations could promote the wound healing of corneal fibroblasts and reduce the expression of fibrotic markers SPARC and fibronectin. Conclusions CSSCs maintained their stemness and multipotency after long-term storage, and secretome derived from these cells can be of paramount importance for corneal regeneration and prevention of fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Enzhi Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Yiqin Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States.,Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States.,Shanghai Oriental Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kuba A, Raida L. Graft versus Host Disease: From Basic Pathogenic Principles to DNA Damage Response and Cellular Senescence. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:9451950. [PMID: 29785172 PMCID: PMC5896258 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9451950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Graft versus host disease (GVHD), a severe immunogenic complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), represents the most frequent cause of transplant-related mortality (TRM). Despite a huge progress in HSCT techniques and posttransplant care, GVHD remains a significant obstacle in successful HSCT outcome. This review presents a complex summary of GVHD pathogenesis with focus on references considering basic biological processes such as DNA damage response and cellular senescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Kuba
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ludek Raida
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yang SL, Zhu LY, Han R, Sun LL, Dou JT. Effect of Negative Pressure Wound Therapy on Cellular Fibronectin and Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Expression in Diabetic Foot Wounds. Foot Ankle Int 2017; 38:893-900. [PMID: 28459181 DOI: 10.1177/1071100717704940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic diabetic foot wounds are a leading cause of amputation, morbidity, and hospitalization for patients with diabetes. Negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT) can putatively facilitate wound healing, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Cellular fibronectin (cFN) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) play an important role in wound healing. This prospective randomized controlled trial evaluated the effects of NPWT on the production of cFN and the expression of TGF-β1 in diabetic foot wounds of patients. METHODS From January 2012 to January 2015, 40 patients with diabetic foot wounds were randomly and equally apportioned to receive either NPWT or advanced moist wound therapy (control) for 7 days. Granulation tissue was harvested before and after treatment. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were performed to evaluate protein levels of cFN and TGF-β1, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to measure corresponding mRNA expressions. RESULTS NPWT facilitated the expression of cFN and TGF-β1 in diabetic foot wounds. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed higher levels of cFN and TGF-β1 in the NPWT group than in the control group. Western blot and real-time PCR analysis further showed that protein and mRNA levels of cFN or TGF-β1 were higher in the NPWT group than that in the control group ( P < .01, both). CONCLUSION Our results showed that NPWT facilitated the production of cFN and the expression of TGF-β1 in granulation tissue in diabetic foot ulcers. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level I, randomized controlled study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shao Ling Yang
- 1 Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital (301 Hospital), Beijing, China.,2 Department of Endocrinology, Bethune International Peace Hospital of PLA, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lv Yun Zhu
- 2 Department of Endocrinology, Bethune International Peace Hospital of PLA, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Rui Han
- 3 Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lei Lei Sun
- 4 Department of Endocrinology, Armed Police Hospital of Shandong, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Tao Dou
- 1 Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital (301 Hospital), Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ren S, Wang J, Chen TL, Li HY, Wan YS, Peng NF, Gui XE, Zhu Y. Hepatitis B Virus Stimulated Fibronectin Facilitates Viral Maintenance and Replication through Two Distinct Mechanisms. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152721. [PMID: 27023403 PMCID: PMC4811540 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibronectin (FN) is a high molecular weight extracellular matrix protein that functions in cell adhesion, growth, migration, and embryonic development. However, little is known about the role of FN during viral infection. In the present study, we found significantly higher levels of FN in sera, and liver tissues from hepatitis B virus (HBV) patients relative to healthy individuals. HBV expression enhanced FN mRNA and protein levels in the hepatic cell lines Huh7 and HepG2. HBV infection of susceptible HepG2-sodium taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide cells also increased FN expression. We also found that transcriptional factor specificity protein 1 was involved in the induction of FN by HBV. Knockdown of FN expression significantly inhibited HBV DNA replication and protein synthesis through activating endogenous IFN-α production. In addition, FN interacted with the transforming growth factor β-activated protein kinase 1 (TAK1) and TAK1-binding protein complex and attenuated interferon signaling by inhibiting TAK1 phosphorylation. Furthermore, the nuclear translocation of NF-κB/p65 was found to be inhibited by FN. We also observed that FN promoted HBV enhancers to support HBV expression. These results suggest novel functions of endogenous FN involved in immune evasion and maintenance of HBV replication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Ren
- The State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tie-Long Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao-Yu Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu-Shun Wan
- The State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Nan-Fang Peng
- The State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi-En Gui
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Phanish MK, Heidebrecht F, Nabi ME, Shah N, Niculescu-Duvaz I, Dockrell MEC. The Regulation of TGFβ1 Induced Fibronectin EDA Exon Alternative Splicing in Human Renal Proximal Tubule Epithelial Cells. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:286-95. [PMID: 24962218 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The EDA+ splice variant of fibronectin (Fn) is an early and important component of the extracellular matrix in renal fibrosis. In this work, we investigate cellular mechanisms of EDA+Fn production in human primary proximal tubule epithelial cells (PTECs). TGFβ1-induced EDA+Fn production was assessed by immunocytochemistry, PCR, and Western blotting. SRp40 knockdown was achieved by siRNA. The role of the PI3 kinase-AKT signalling and splicing regulatory protein SRp40 in the production of EDA+Fn was studied by using the chemical inhibitor LY294002 and siRNA targeted to SRp40 respectively. Interaction between PI3 kinase-AKT signalling and SRp40 were assessed by immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation. To assess the specificity of SRp40 in regulating the splicing of EDA+ exon, we studied the effect of SRp40 knockdown on TGFβ1 induced splicing of FGF receptor 2. Primary human PTECs expressed EDA+ and EDA- Fn. TGFβ1 treatment resulted in increases in the production and deposition of EDA+ Fn as well as an increase in the ratio of EDA+/EDA- Fn mRNA. The TGFβ1 induced EDA+ production was dependent on PI3 kinase-AKT signalling and SRp40 expression. Immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated direct binding between AKT and SRp40 with an increase in the amount of SRp40 bound to AKT upon TGFβ1 treatment. TGFβ1 treatment resulted in reduction in the FGF receptor2 IIIb splice variant which was unaffected by SRp40 knockdown. In this work, we have presented the first evidence for the regulation of Fn pre-mRNA splicing by PI3 kinase-AKT signalling and SRp40 in human PTECs. Targeting the splicing of Fn pre-mRNA to skip the EDA exon is an attractive option to combat fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mysore Keshavmurthy Phanish
- The South West Thames Institute for Renal Research, St. Helier Hospital, Wrythe Lane Carshalton, Surrey, SM5 1AA, UK
| | - Felicia Heidebrecht
- The South West Thames Institute for Renal Research, St. Helier Hospital, Wrythe Lane Carshalton, Surrey, SM5 1AA, UK
| | - Mohammad E Nabi
- The South West Thames Institute for Renal Research, St. Helier Hospital, Wrythe Lane Carshalton, Surrey, SM5 1AA, UK
| | - Nileshkumar Shah
- The South West Thames Institute for Renal Research, St. Helier Hospital, Wrythe Lane Carshalton, Surrey, SM5 1AA, UK
| | - Ioana Niculescu-Duvaz
- The South West Thames Institute for Renal Research, St. Helier Hospital, Wrythe Lane Carshalton, Surrey, SM5 1AA, UK
| | - Mark Edward Carl Dockrell
- The South West Thames Institute for Renal Research, St. Helier Hospital, Wrythe Lane Carshalton, Surrey, SM5 1AA, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Vizoso M, Puig M, Carmona FJ, Maqueda M, Velásquez A, Gómez A, Labernadie A, Lugo R, Gabasa M, Rigat-Brugarolas LG, Trepat X, Ramírez J, Moran S, Vidal E, Reguart N, Perera A, Esteller M, Alcaraz J. Aberrant DNA methylation in non-small cell lung cancer-associated fibroblasts. Carcinogenesis 2015; 36:1453-63. [PMID: 26449251 PMCID: PMC4662832 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgv146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic changes through altered DNA methylation have been implicated in critical aspects of tumor progression, and have been extensively studied in a variety of cancer types. In contrast, our current knowledge of the aberrant genomic DNA methylation in tumor-associated fibroblasts (TAFs) or other stromal cells that act as critical coconspirators of tumor progression is very scarce. To address this gap of knowledge, we conducted genome-wide DNA methylation profiling on lung TAFs and paired control fibroblasts (CFs) from non-small cell lung cancer patients using the HumanMethylation450 microarray. We found widespread DNA hypomethylation concomitant with focal gain of DNA methylation in TAFs compared to CFs. The aberrant DNA methylation landscape of TAFs had a global impact on gene expression and a selective impact on the TGF-β pathway. The latter included promoter hypermethylation-associated SMAD3 silencing, which was associated with hyperresponsiveness to exogenous TGF-β1 in terms of contractility and extracellular matrix deposition. In turn, activation of CFs with exogenous TGF-β1 partially mimicked the epigenetic alterations observed in TAFs, suggesting that TGF-β1 may be necessary but not sufficient to elicit such alterations. Moreover, integrated pathway-enrichment analyses of the DNA methylation alterations revealed that a fraction of TAFs may be bone marrow-derived fibrocytes. Finally, survival analyses using DNA methylation and gene expression datasets identified aberrant DNA methylation on the EDARADD promoter sequence as a prognostic factor in non-small cell lung cancer patients. Our findings shed light on the unique origin and molecular alterations underlying the aberrant phenotype of lung TAFs, and identify a stromal biomarker with potential clinical relevance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Vizoso
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat 08907, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Puig
- Unit of Biophysics and Bioengineering, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain, Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - F Javier Carmona
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat 08907, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Maqueda
- Department of ESAII, Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Adriana Velásquez
- Unit of Biophysics and Bioengineering, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Antonio Gómez
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat 08907, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Labernadie
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Roberto Lugo
- Unit of Biophysics and Bioengineering, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Marta Gabasa
- Unit of Biophysics and Bioengineering, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Luis G Rigat-Brugarolas
- Department of ESAII, Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona 08028, Spain, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Xavier Trepat
- Unit of Biophysics and Bioengineering, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona 08028, Spain, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona 08010, Spain
| | - Josep Ramírez
- Servei d'Anatomia Patològica, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Sebastian Moran
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat 08907, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enrique Vidal
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat 08907, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Noemí Reguart
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Alexandre Perera
- Department of ESAII, Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Manel Esteller
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat 08907, Barcelona, Spain, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona 08010, Spain, Department of Physiological Sciences II, School of Medicine, University of L'Hospitalet de Llobregat 08907, Barcelona, Spain and
| | - Jordi Alcaraz
- Unit of Biophysics and Bioengineering, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain, CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
EDA Fibronectin in Keloids Create a Vicious Cycle of Fibrotic Tumor Formation. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135:1714-1718. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
13
|
Wang HC, Yang Y, Xu SY, Peng J, Jiang JH, Li CY. The CRISPR/Cas system inhibited the pro-oncogenic effects of alternatively spliced fibronectin extra domain A via editing the genome in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma cells. Oral Dis 2015; 21:608-18. [PMID: 25684411 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H-C Wang
- The Central Laboratory; Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology; Haidian District Beijing China
| | - Y Yang
- The Central Laboratory; Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology; Haidian District Beijing China
| | - S-Y Xu
- Department of Oral Implanting; Shandong University School of Stomatology; Lixia District Jinan China
| | - J Peng
- The Central Laboratory; Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology; Haidian District Beijing China
| | - J-H Jiang
- The Department of Orthodontics; Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology; Haidian District China
| | - C-Y Li
- The Central Laboratory; Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology; Haidian District Beijing China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kelsh R, You R, Horzempa C, Zheng M, McKeown-Longo PJ. Regulation of the innate immune response by fibronectin: synergism between the III-1 and EDA domains. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102974. [PMID: 25051083 PMCID: PMC4106844 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibronectin is a critical component of the extracellular matrix and alterations to its structure will influence cellular behavior. Matrix fibronectin is subjected to both mechanical and biochemical regulation. The Type III domains of fibronectin can be unfolded in response to increased cellular contractility, included or excluded from the molecule by alternative splicing mechanisms, or released from the matrix by proteolysis. Using Inflammatory Cytokine microarrays we found that the alternatively spliced fibronectin Type III domain, FnEDA, and the partially unfolded III-1 domain, FnIII-1c, induced the expression of a multitude of pro-inflammatory cytokines in human dermal fibroblasts, most notably CXCL1-3, IL-8 and TNF-α. FnIII-1c, a peptide representing an unfolded intermediate structure of the first Type III domain has been shown to initiate the toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4)-NFκB-dependent release of cytokines from human dermal fibroblasts (You, et al., J. Biol. Chem., 2010). Here we demonstrate that FnIII-1c and the alternatively spliced FnEDA domain induce a TLR4 dependent activation of p38 MAP kinase and its downstream effector, MAPKAP Kinase-2 (MK-2), to regulate cytokine expression in fibroblasts. RT-qPCR analysis indicated that the p38-MK-2 pathway regulates IL-8 mRNA stability. Interestingly, addition of FnIII-1c and FnEDA synergistically enhanced TLR4-dependent IL-8 release. These data indicate that Fn contains two Type III domains which can activate TLR signaling to induce an inflammatory response in fibroblasts. Furthermore, our data identifies the NF-κB and p38/MK2 signaling pathways as transducers of signals initiated in response to structural changes in fibronectin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon Kelsh
- Center for Cell Biology & Cancer Research, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Ran You
- Center for Cell Biology & Cancer Research, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Carol Horzempa
- Center for Cell Biology & Cancer Research, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Mingzhe Zheng
- Center for Cell Biology & Cancer Research, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Paula J. McKeown-Longo
- Center for Cell Biology & Cancer Research, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ngo MA, Müller A, Li Y, Neumann S, Tian G, Dixon IMC, Arora RC, Freed DH. Human mesenchymal stem cells express a myofibroblastic phenotype in vitro: comparison to human cardiac myofibroblasts. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 392:187-204. [PMID: 24691634 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2030-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis accompanies a variety of myocardial disorders, and is induced by myofibroblasts. These cells may be composed of a heterogeneous population of parent cells, including interstitial fibroblasts and circulating progenitor cells. Direct comparison of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) and cardiac myofibroblasts (CMyfbs) has not been previously reported. We hypothesized that BM-MSCs readily adopt a myofibroblastic phenotype in culture. Human primary BM-MSCs and human CMyfbs were isolated from patients undergoing open heart surgery and expanded under standard culture conditions. We assessed and compared their phenotypic and functional characteristics by examining their gene expression profile, their ability to contract collagen gels and synthesize collagen type I. In addition, we examined the role of non-muscle myosin II (NMMII) in modulating MSC myogenic function using NMMII siRNA knockdown and blebbistatin, a specific small molecule inhibitor of NMMII. We report that, while human BM-MSCs retain pluripotency, they adopt a myofibroblastic phenotype in culture and stain positive for the myofibroblast markers α-SMA, vimentin, NMMIIB, ED-A fibronectin, and collagen type 1 at each passage. In addition, they contract collagen gels in response to TGF-β1 and synthesize collagen similar to human CMyfbs. Moreover, inhibition of NMMII activity with blebbistatin completely attenuates gel contractility without affecting cell viability. Thus, human BM-MSCs share and exhibit similar physiological and functional characteristics as human CMyfbs in vitro, and their propensity to adopt a myofibroblast phenotype in culture may contribute to cardiac fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie A Ngo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface General Hospital Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hirayama M, Azuma E, Iwamoto S, Amano K, Nakazawa A, Tamaki S, Usui E, Komada Y. High frequency of CD29high intermediate monocytes correlates with the activity of chronic graft-versus-host disease. Eur J Haematol 2013; 91:280-282. [PMID: 23795856 PMCID: PMC3881514 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.12160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Hirayama
- Department of Pediatrics and Cell Transplantation, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hirayama M, Azuma E, Nakagawa-Nakazawa A, Kumamoto T, Iwamoto S, Amano K, Tamaki S, Usui E, Komada Y. Interleukin-10 spot-forming cells as a novel biomarker of chronic graft-versus-host disease. Haematologica 2012; 98:41-9. [PMID: 22733028 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2012.069815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Although there are National Institutes of Health consensus criteria for the global assessment of chronic graft-versus-host disease, no validated biomarkers have been established for this disease. Furthermore, whereas the role of T cells, B cells, and dendritic cells in chronic graft-versus-host disease has been established, the contribution of monocytes has not been clearly addressed. Using an enzyme-linked immunospot assay, we measured the spot-forming cells for interferon-γ, interleukin-4, interleukin-10, and interleukin-17 in unstimulated peripheral blood of patients following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Other immunological examinations, including skin biopsy, were also done. Fifty-seven patients were enrolled. Interleukin-10 spot-forming cells were evaluable for therapeutic monitoring in 16 patients with chronic graft-versus-host disease. The number of interleukin-10 spot-forming cells in patients with active chronic graft-versus-host disease was significantly higher than the number in those with no or inactive chronic graft-versus-host disease. Interleukin-10 was predominantly produced by monocytes. CD29 expression on monocytes in patients with active chronic graft-versus-host disease was elevated. The level of plasma fibronectin, a ligand of CD29, correlated with the number of interleukin-10 spot-forming cells. Immunohistochemical analysis of the skin in active chronic graft-versus-host disease showed that infiltrating CD29(+) monocytes might produce interleukin-10. A novel biomarker, interleukin-10 spot-forming cells, shows promise as both a diagnostic and prognostic indicator for chronic graft-versus-host disease, and may allow for early intervention prior to the onset of the disease. Measurement of interleukin-10 spot-forming cells would be helpful in clinical trials and in patients' management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Hirayama
- Department of Pediatrics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zoppi N, Ritelli M, Colombi M. Type III and V collagens modulate the expression and assembly of EDA(+) fibronectin in the extracellular matrix of defective Ehlers-Danlos syndrome fibroblasts. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2012; 1820:1576-87. [PMID: 22705941 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Revised: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alternative splicing of EDA fibronectin (FN) region is a cell type- and development-regulated mechanism controlled by pathological processes, growth factors and extracellular matrix (ECM). Classic and vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (cEDS and vEDS) are connective tissue disorders caused by COL5A1/COL5A2 and COL3A1 gene mutations, leading to an in vivo abnormal collagen fibrillogenesis and to an in vitro defective organisation in the ECM of type V (COLLV) and type III collagen (COLLIII). These defects induce the FN-ECM disarray and the decrease of COLLs and FN receptors, the α2β1 and α5β1 integrins. Purified COLLV and COLLIII restore the COLL-FN-ECMs in both EDS cell strains. METHODS Real-time PCR, immunofluorescence microscopy, and Western blotting were used to investigate the effects of COLLs on FN1 gene expression, EDA region alternative splicing, EDA(+)-FN-ECM assembly, α5β1 integrin and EDA(+)-FN-specific α9 integrin subunit organisation, α5β1 integrin and FAK co-regulation in EDS fibroblasts. RESULTS COLLV-treated cEDS and COLLIII-treated vEDS fibroblasts up-regulate the FN1 gene expression, modulate the EDA(+) mRNA maturation and increase the EDA(+)-FN levels, thus restoring a control-like FN-ECM, which elicits the EDA(+)-FN-specific α9β1 integrin organisation, recruits the α5β1 integrin and switches on the FAK binding and phosphorylation. CONCLUSION COLLs regulate the EDA(+)-FN-ECM organisation at transcriptional and post-transcriptional level and activate the α5β1-FAK complexes. COLLs also recruit the α9β1 integrin involved in the assembly of the EDA(+)-FN-ECM in EDS cells. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The knowledge of the COLLs-ECM role in FN isotype expression and in EDA(+)-FN-ECM-mediated signal transduction adds insights in the ECM remodelling mechanisms in EDS cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Zoppi
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, Medical Faculty, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Xiang L, Xie G, Ou J, Wei X, Pan F, Liang H. The extra domain A of fibronectin increases VEGF-C expression in colorectal carcinoma involving the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35378. [PMID: 22496919 PMCID: PMC3322170 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The extra domain A (EDA)-containing fibronectin (EDA-FN), an alternatively spliced form of the extracellular matrix protein fibronectin, is predominantly expressed in various malignancies but not in normal tissues. In the present study, we investigated the potential pro-lymphangiogenesis effects of extra domain A (EDA)-mediated vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) secretion in colorectal carcinoma (CRC). We detected the expressions of EDA and VEGF-C in 52 human colorectal tumor tissues and their surrounding mucosae by immunohistochemical analysis, and further tested the correlation between the expressions of these two proteins in aforementioned CRC tissues. Both EDA and VEGF-C were abundantly expressed in the specimens of human CRC tissues. And VEGF-C was associated with increased expression of EDA in human CRC according to linear regression analysis. Besides, EDA expression was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis, tumor differentiation and clinical stage by clinicopathological analysis of tissue microarrays containing tumor tissues of 115 CRC patients. Then, human CRC cell SW480 was transfected with lentivectors to elicit expression of shRNA against EDA (shRNA-EDA), and SW620 was transfected with a lentiviral vector to overexpress EDA (pGC-FU-EDA), respectively. We confirmed that VEGF-C was upregulated in EDA-overexpressed cells, and downregulated in shRNA-EDA cells. Moreover, a PI3K-dependent signaling pathway was found to be involved in EDA-mediated VEGF-C secretion. The in vivo result demonstrated that EDA could promote tumor growth and tumor-induced lymphangiogenesis in mouse xenograft models. Our findings provide evidence that EDA could play a role in tumor-induced lymphangiogenesis via upregulating autocrine secretion of VEGF-C in colorectal cancer, which is associated with the PI3K/Akt-dependent pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Xiang
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ganfeng Xie
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Juanjuan Ou
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xing Wei
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Feng Pan
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Houjie Liang
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
To WS, Midwood KS. Plasma and cellular fibronectin: distinct and independent functions during tissue repair. FIBROGENESIS & TISSUE REPAIR 2011; 4:21. [PMID: 21923916 PMCID: PMC3182887 DOI: 10.1186/1755-1536-4-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 379] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Fibronectin (FN) is a ubiquitous extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoprotein that plays vital roles during tissue repair. The plasma form of FN circulates in the blood, and upon tissue injury, is incorporated into fibrin clots to exert effects on platelet function and to mediate hemostasis. Cellular FN is then synthesized and assembled by cells as they migrate into the clot to reconstitute damaged tissue. The assembly of FN into a complex three-dimensional matrix during physiological repair plays a key role not only as a structural scaffold, but also as a regulator of cell function during this stage of tissue repair. FN fibrillogenesis is a complex, stepwise process that is strictly regulated by a multitude of factors. During fibrosis, there is excessive deposition of ECM, of which FN is one of the major components. Aberrant FN-matrix assembly is a major contributing factor to the switch from normal tissue repair to misregulated fibrosis. Understanding the mechanisms involved in FN assembly and how these interplay with cellular, fibrotic and immune responses may reveal targets for the future development of therapies to regulate aberrant tissue-repair processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wing S To
- Department of Matrix Biology, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology Division, Nuffield Department of Orthopedic Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Oxford University, 65 Aspenlea Road, London, W6 8LH, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Brinckmann J, Hunzelmann N, Kahle B, Rohwedel J, Kramer J, Gibson MA, Hubmacher D, Reinhardt DP. Enhanced fibrillin-2 expression is a general feature of wound healing and sclerosis: potential alteration of cell attachment and storage of TGF-beta. J Transl Med 2010; 90:739-52. [PMID: 20195245 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2010.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Wound healing and sclerosis are characterized by an increase of extracellular matrix proteins, which are characteristically expressed in the embryo-fetal period. We analyzed the expression of fibrillin-2, which is typically found in embryonic tissues, but only scarcely in adult skin. In wound healing and sclerotic skin diseases such as lipodermatosclerosis and scleroderma, a marked increase of fibrillin-2 expression was found by immunohistology. Double labelling of fibrillin-2 and tenascin-C, which is also expressed in wound healing and sclerosis, showed co-localization of both proteins. Solid-phase and slot blot-overlay assays showed a dose-dependent binding of the recombinant N-terminal half of fibrillin-2 (rFBN2-N) to tenascin-C. Real-time PCR showed an increase of the fibrillin-2 gene expression in cell culture triggered by typical mediators for fibroblast activation such as serum, IL-4, and TGF-beta. By contrast, prolonged hypoxia is not associated with changes in fibrillin-2 expression. Tenascin-C is an anti-adhesive substrate for fibroblasts, whereas fibrillin-2 stimulates cell attachment. Attachment assays using mixed substrates showed decreased cell attachment when tenascin-C and rFBN2-N were coated together, compared with the attachment to rFBN2-N alone. Fibrillins are involved in storage and activation of TGF-beta. Immunohistology with an antibody against the latency-associated peptide (LAP (TGF-beta1)) showed a marked increase of inactive LAP-bound TGF-beta1 in wound healing and sclerotic skin whereas normal skin showed only a weak expression. Double immunofluorescence confirmed a partial colocalization of both proteins. In conclusion, we show that a stimulation of the fibrillin-2 expression is a characteristic feature of fibroblasts present in wound healing and sclerosis, which may be involved in the alteration of cell attachment and storage of inactive TGF-beta in the matrix.
Collapse
|
22
|
Leipner C, Grün K, Müller A, Buchdunger E, Borsi L, Kosmehl H, Berndt A, Janik T, Uecker A, Kiehntopf M, Böhmer FD. Imatinib mesylate attenuates fibrosis in coxsackievirus b3-induced chronic myocarditis. Cardiovasc Res 2008; 79:118-26. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvn063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
23
|
van Keulen JK, de Kleijn DP, Nijhuis MMO, Busser E, Velema E, Fijnheer R, van der Graaf Y, Moll FL, de Vries JP, Pasterkamp G. Levels of extra domain A containing fibronectin in human atherosclerotic plaques are associated with a stable plaque phenotype. Atherosclerosis 2007; 195:e83-91. [PMID: 17416372 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2006] [Revised: 03/02/2007] [Accepted: 03/08/2007] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extra domain A (EDA), splice-variant of fibronectin, is a Toll-like receptor 4 (Tlr4) ligand. Recently, EDA has been demonstrated to enhance atherogenesis in mice but human data on the role of EDA in atherosclerotic disease are lacking. We hypothesized that EDA is associated with unstable plaque phenotypes and that plasma EDA could serve as biomarker for atherosclerosis. METHODS EDA levels were assessed in carotid endarterectomy specimen (206 patients) and related with plaque phenotype. In a second patient cohort, systemic EDA levels in atherosclerotic patients (73 patients) were compared to risk-factor matched controls (68 patients). RESULTS EDA plaque levels were associated with characteristics of stable plaques; more smooth muscle cells (P=0.003), more collagen (P=0.071) and less fat (P=0.023). Concomitantly, asymptomatic patients showed higher EDA values in the plaque compared to symptomatic patients (P=0.004). EDA plasma levels did not differ between atherosclerotic patients versus controls (P=0.134). CONCLUSION EDA plaque levels are higher in asymptomatic patients and are associated with a stable plaque phenotype. EDA is not a plasma marker for atherosclerotic disease. These results suggest that local presence of endogenous Tlr4 ligand EDA is not associated with in an unstable plaque phenotype in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Karlijn van Keulen
- Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Li-Korotky HS, Hebda PA, Kelly LA, Lo CY, Dohar JE. Identification of a pre-mRNA splicing factor, arginine/serine-rich 3 (Sfrs3), and its co-expression with fibronectin in fetal and postnatal rabbit airway mucosal and skin wounds. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2006; 1762:34-45. [PMID: 16168628 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2005.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2004] [Revised: 06/28/2005] [Accepted: 08/09/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Fibronectin (FN) is a multi-functional, adhesion protein and involved in multi-steps of the wound healing process. Strong evidence suggests that FN protein diversity is controlled by alternative RNA splicing; a coordinated transcription and RNA processing that is development-, age-, and tissue/cell type-regulated. We previously demonstrated that fetal rabbit airway mucosal healing is regenerative and scarless. Expression, regulation, and biological function of the FN gene and various spliced forms in this model are unknown. Airway and skin incisional wounds were made in fetal (gestation days 21-23), weanling (4-6 weeks) and adult (>6 months) rabbits. Non-wounded and wounded tissues were collected at 12 h (all age groups), 24 h and 48 h (weanling only) post-wounding. Expression profiles were obtained using mRNA differential display and cDNAs of interest were cloned, sequenced and validated by real-time PCR. Here, we report two rabbit cDNAs that showed similar expression patterns after wounding. One encodes a rabbit fibronectin gene, Fn1, and another shares a high sequence homology to a human pre-mRNA splicing factor, arginine/serine-rich 3 (Sfrs3), coding for a RNA binding protein, SRp20. Both Fn1 and Sfrs3 mRNAs were suppressed in fetal wounds but induced in postnatal wounds 12 h post-wounding. The increased levels of both Fn1 and Sfrs3 transcripts were sustained up to 48 h in weanling airway mucosal wounds. The augmentations of the two genes in postnatal airway mucosal wounds were more prominent than that in skin wounds, indicating that the involvement of Sfrs3 and Fn1 genes in postnatal airway mucosal wounds is tissue-specific. Literature provides evidence that SRp20 is indeed involved in the alternative splicing of FN and that the embryonic FN variants reappear during adult wound healing. A connection between the enhanced molecular activity of Sfrs3 and the regulation of the FN gene expression through alternative splicing during the early events of postnatal airway mucosal wound repair was proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Sheng Li-Korotky
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|