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Gao J, Li Y, Guan Y, Wei X, Chen S, Li X, Li Y, Huang Z, Liu S, Li G, Xu P, Zhang Y, Zhao Y. The accelerated aging skin in rhino-like SHJH hr mice. Exp Dermatol 2022; 31:1597-1606. [PMID: 35737869 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
SHJHhr mice line is rhino-like mice with a nonsense Hairless (Hr) mutant, which shows the characteristic of shedding hair and wrinkled skin with increasing age. Though histological analysis and aging indexes detection, SHJHhr mice show an increased thickness skin with degraded hair follicle and dermal cysts, and disorganized collagen fibers as well as decreased level of Hyp. Meanwhile, the aging markers p16 and p21 are significantly higher in SHJHhr mouse skin than ICR mouse skin at same age. Moreover, the data of MDA and SOD show a higher oxidative stress in SHJHhr mouse skin, and the levels of Nrf2 and its targets are significantly down-regulated, which suggests SHJHhr mice have a faster aging skin and its reason maybe poor antioxidative protection. Overall, this study shows SHJHhr mice with an accelerated aging skin, which suggests the role of Hr gene in skin aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Gao
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongchao Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou, China.,The Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yalun Guan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyue Wei
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shijian Chen
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuejiao Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongqiang Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuhua Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ge Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Shanghai Jihui Laboratory Animal Care Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhong Zhao
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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2
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Gao QS, Xuan MF, Luo ZB, Paek HJ, Kang JD, Yin XJ. Hairless-knockout piglets generated using the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat/CRISPR-associated-9 exhibit abnormalities in the skin and thymus. Exp Anim 2019; 68:519-529. [PMID: 31308290 PMCID: PMC6842791 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.19-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear receptor corepressor Hairless (HR) interacts with nuclear receptors and
controls expression of specific target genes involved in hair morphogenesis and hair
follicle cycling. Patients with HR gene mutations exhibit atrichia, and
in rare cases, immunodeficiency. Pigs with HR gene mutations may provide
a useful model for developing therapeutic strategies because pigs are highly similar to
humans in terms of anatomy, genetics, and physiology. The present study aimed to knockout
the HR gene in pigs using the clustered regularly interspaced short
palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated-9 (Cas9) system and to investigate the
molecular and structural alterations in the skin and thymus. We introduced a biallelic
mutation into the HR gene in porcine fetal fibroblasts and generated nine
piglets via somatic cell nuclear transfer. These piglets exhibited a lack of hair on the
eyelids, abnormalities in the thymus and peripheral blood, and altered expression of
several signaling factors regulated by HR. Our results indicate that introduction of the
biallelic mutation successfully knocked out the HR gene, resulting in
several molecular and structural changes in the skin and thymus. These pigs will provide a
useful model for studying human hair disorders associated with HR gene
mutations and the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Shan Gao
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural College, Yanbian University, No. 977 Gongyuan Street, Yanji City, Jilin 133002, P.R. China
| | - Mei-Fu Xuan
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural College, Yanbian University, No. 977 Gongyuan Street, Yanji City, Jilin 133002, P.R. China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, No. 977 Gongyuan Street, Yanji City, Jilin 133002, P.R. China
| | - Zhao-Bo Luo
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural College, Yanbian University, No. 977 Gongyuan Street, Yanji City, Jilin 133002, P.R. China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, No. 977 Gongyuan Street, Yanji City, Jilin 133002, P.R. China
| | - Hyo-Jin Paek
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, No. 977 Gongyuan Street, Yanji City, Jilin 133002, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Dan Kang
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural College, Yanbian University, No. 977 Gongyuan Street, Yanji City, Jilin 133002, P.R. China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, No. 977 Gongyuan Street, Yanji City, Jilin 133002, P.R. China
| | - Xi-Jun Yin
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural College, Yanbian University, No. 977 Gongyuan Street, Yanji City, Jilin 133002, P.R. China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, No. 977 Gongyuan Street, Yanji City, Jilin 133002, P.R. China
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3
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Zhu K, Xu C, Zhang J, Chen Y, Liu M. Transgenic mice display hair loss and regrowth overexpressing mutant Hr gene. Exp Anim 2017; 66:379-386. [PMID: 28679963 PMCID: PMC5682350 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.16-0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the hairless (Hr) gene in both mice and humans have been
implicated in the development of congenital atrichia, but the role of Hr
in skin and hair follicle (HF) biology remains unknown. Here, we established transgenic
mice (TG) overexpressing mutant Hr to investigate its specific role in
the development of HF. Three transgenic lines were successfully constructed, and two of
them (TG3 and TG8) displayed a pattern of hair loss and regrowth with alternation in the
expression of HR protein. The mutant Hr gene inhibited the expression of
the endogenous gene in transgenic individuals, which led to the development of alopecia.
Interestingly, the hair regrew with the increase in the endogenous expression levels
resulting from decreased mutant Hr expression. The findings of our study
indicate that the changes in the expression of Hr result in hair loss or
regrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuicheng Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Bioengineering, Henan Normal University, No. 46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang City, Henan Province 453007, P.R. China.,Laboratory Animal Center of Zhengzhou University, No. 40 University Road, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province 450052, P.R. China
| | - Cunshuan Xu
- Key Laboratory for Bioengineering, Henan Normal University, No. 46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang City, Henan Province 453007, P.R. China
| | - Jintao Zhang
- Henan Academy of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, No. 40 University Road, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province 450052, P.R. China
| | - Yingying Chen
- Henan Academy of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, No. 40 University Road, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province 450052, P.R. China
| | - Mengduan Liu
- Henan Academy of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, No. 40 University Road, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province 450052, P.R. China
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4
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Zhu K, Xu C, Liu M, Zhang J. Hairless controls hair fate decision via Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 491:567-570. [PMID: 28765044 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.07.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The hairless (Hr) gene plays a central role in the hair cycle, considering that mutations in the gene result in hair loss with the exception of a few vibrissae after the first hair growth cycle in both mice and humans. This study examinedthe uncommon phenotype and using microarray analyses and functional studies, we found that β-catenin was mediated by Hr. Progenitor keratinocytes from the bulge region differentiate into both epidermis and sebaceous glands, and fail to adopt the hair keratinocytes fate in the mutant scalp, due to the decreased Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the absence of the hairless protein. This may be attributed to the dysfunction of normal epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in the hair follicle (HF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuicheng Zhu
- College of Life Science and Key Laboratory for Bioengineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; Laboratory Animal Center of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Cunshuan Xu
- College of Life Science and Key Laboratory for Bioengineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Mengduan Liu
- Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Jintao Zhang
- Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
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5
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Hairless down-regulates expression of Msx2 and its related target genes in hair follicles. J Dermatol Sci 2013; 71:203-9. [PMID: 23702391 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2013.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hairless (HR), a transcriptional cofactor, plays important roles in hair follicle (HF) morphogenesis and cycling. Recently, we reported the new Hr mutant mouse called "Hairpoor" (Hr(Hp)) that causes HR overexpression through translational de-repression. The Msh homeobox 2 (Msx2) is a homolog of the Drosophila muscle segment homeobox (msh) gene, which expressed in the hair bulb, including in the germinal matrix, and its expression spreads into the upper region of the HF including the hair cortex. OBJECTIVE Although Msx2 is regarded as an important gene in hair cycle control and hair shaft differentiation, the regulation of Msx2 expression is not well-known. METHODS Using realtime polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blot, we investigated the relationship between HR and Msx2 in the Hr(Hp)/Hr(Hp) mouse during the HF morphogenesis. Immunohistochemistry was performed to compare the pattern of expression of MSX2 in Hr(Hp)/Hr(Hp) mouse skin with that in wild-type skin. Msx2 mRNA expression and promoter activity was estimated using a transient expression system to see whether HR down-regulates Msx2 expression in vitro. We also investigated whether downregulation of MSX2 by HR also affects the MSX2 regulatory pathway in the Hr(Hp)/Hr(Hp) mouse and in an in vitro system. RESULTS We found that the expression of Msx2 was down-regulated by HR, which in turn down-regulated expression of Foxn1 and Lef1, MSX2 target genes, in vivo as well as in vitro. CONCLUSION Our results show that HR regulates expression of genes in the MSX2 regulatory pathway, which explains abnormal HF formation in Hr(Hp)/Hr(Hp) skin.
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6
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Chen Z, Wang Z, Xu S, Zhou K, Yang G. Characterization of hairless (Hr) and FGF5 genes provides insights into the molecular basis of hair loss in cetaceans. BMC Evol Biol 2013; 13:34. [PMID: 23394579 PMCID: PMC3608953 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-13-34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hair is one of the main distinguishing characteristics of mammals and it has many important biological functions. Cetaceans originated from terrestrial mammals and they have evolved a series of adaptations to aquatic environments, which are of evolutionary significance. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying their aquatic adaptations have not been well explored. This study provided insights into the evolution of hair loss during the transition from land to water by investigating and comparing two essential regulators of hair follicle development and hair follicle cycling, i.e., the Hairless (Hr) and FGF5 genes, in representative cetaceans and their terrestrial relatives. Results The full open reading frame sequences of the Hr and FGF5 genes were characterized in seven cetaceans. The sequence characteristics and evolutionary analyses suggested the functional loss of the Hr gene in cetaceans, which supports the loss of hair during their full adaptation to aquatic habitats. By contrast, positive selection for the FGF5 gene was found in cetaceans where a series of positively selected amino acid residues were identified. Conclusions This is the first study to investigate the molecular basis of the hair loss in cetaceans. Our investigation of Hr and FGF5, two indispensable regulators of the hair cycle, provide some new insights into the molecular basis of hair loss in cetaceans. The results suggest that positive selection for the FGF5 gene might have promoted the termination of hair growth and early entry into the catagen stage of hair follicle cycling. Consequently, the hair follicle cycle was disrupted and the hair was lost completely due to the loss of the Hr gene function in cetaceans. This suggests that cetaceans have evolved an effective and complex mechanism for hair loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
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7
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Kim BK, Lee HY, Choi JH, Kim JK, Yoon JB, Yoon SK. Hairless plays a role in formation of inner root sheath via regulation of Dlx3 gene. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:16681-8. [PMID: 22442153 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.320770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hairless (Hr), a transcription factor, is expressed in the suprabasal cell layer of the interfollicular epidermis and the lower portion of the hair follicle epithelium, where its expression is dependent on the hair cycle. Recently, we reported a new Hr mutant mouse, Hr(Hp), in which the hairless protein (HR) was overexpressed. In this study, we documented abnormal formation of inner root sheath (IRS), suppressed expression of Dlx3, and IRS keratins in the Hr(Hp)/Hr(Hp) skin. We also found that HR down-regulated Dlx3 mRNA expression through suppression of Dlx3 promoter activity. In addition, we showed that Dlx3 regulated the expression of IRS keratins. Our results demonstrate that regulation of Dlx3 by HR affects the IRS keratin expression, thus modulating the formation of IRS of hair follicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bong-Kyu Kim
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 137-701, Korea
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8
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Kim BK, Baek IC, Lee HY, Kim JK, Song HH, Yoon SK. Gene expression profile of the skin in the 'hairpoor' (HrHp) mice by microarray analysis. BMC Genomics 2010; 11:640. [PMID: 21083932 PMCID: PMC3091768 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-11-640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Accepted: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The transcriptional cofactor, Hairless (HR), acts as one of the key regulators of hair follicle cycling; the loss of function mutations is the cause of the expression of the hairless phenotype in humans and mice. Recently, we reported a new Hr mutant mouse called 'Hairpoor' (HrHp). These mutants harbor a gain of the function mutation, T403A, in the Hr gene. This confers the overexpression of HR and HrHp is an animal model of Marie Unna hereditary hypotrichosis in humans. In the present study, the expression profile of HrHp/HrHp skin was investigated using microarray analysis to identify genes whose expression was affected by the overexpression of HR. Results From 45,282 mouse probes, differential expressions in 43 (>2-fold), 306 (>1.5-fold), and 1861 genes (>1.2-fold) in skin from HrHp/HrHp mice were discovered and compared with skin from wild-type mice. Among the 1861 genes with a > 1.2-fold increase in expression, further analysis showed that the expression of eight genes known to have a close relationship with hair follicle development, ascertained by conducting real-time PCR on skin RNA produced during hair follicle morphogenesis (P0-P14), indicated that four genes, Wif1, Casp14, Krt71, and Sfrp1, showed a consistent expression pattern with respect to HR overexpression in vivo. Conclusion Wif1 and Casp14 were found to be upregulated, whereas Krt71 and Sfrp1 were downregulated in cells overexpressing HR in transient transfection experiments on keratinocytes, suggesting that HR may transcriptionally regulate these genes. Further studies are required to understand the mechanism of this regulation by the HR cofactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bong-Kyu Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seoul 137-701, Korea
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9
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Golovatenko-Abramov PK, Zhirkova EA, Kolokolchikova EG, Bocharova VS, Platonov ES. Dermal cysts participate in reparative regeneration of epidermis in Hr hr /Hr hr mice. Russ J Dev Biol 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360410040041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Liu Y, Sundberg JP, Das S, Carpenter D, Cain KT, Michaud EJ, Voy BH. Molecular basis for hair loss in mice carrying a novel nonsense mutation (Hrrh-R ) in the hairless gene (Hr). Vet Pathol 2010; 47:167-76. [PMID: 20080498 DOI: 10.1177/0300985809352970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Animal models carrying mutations in the hairless (Hr) gene provide a rich resource for study of hair follicle biology. A spontaneous mouse mutant with a phenotype strikingly similar to rhino mutants of Hr arose spontaneously in the mouse facility at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Sequence analysis of Hr in these mutants uncovered a nonsense mutation in exon 12, designated as Hr(rh-R) (rhino, Oak Ridge). The mutation led to significant reduction in Hr mRNA levels, predicted to be due to nonsense-mediated decay. Histological analysis indicated dilated hair follicle infundibula at 14 days of age that rapidly became filled with cornified material. Microarray analyses revealed that expression levels of many genes involved in keratinocyte differentiation, epidermal regeneration, and wound healing were significantly upregulated before morphological detection of the phenotype, suggesting their role in onset of the Hr(rh-R) phenotype. Identification of this new Hr allele and the underlying molecular alterations allows further understanding of the role of Hr in hair follicle biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Liu
- Life Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6445, USA.
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11
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Brancaz-Bouvier MV, Folco EJG, Salameire D, Romero Y, Iratni R, Nonchev S. The "bald Mill Hill" mutation in the mouse is associated with an abnormal, mislocalized HR bmh protein. J Invest Dermatol 2007; 128:311-21. [PMID: 17657241 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jid.5700998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We have previously identified a mutation in the mouse hairless locus-hairless rhino bald Mill Hill (Hr(rhbmh)). The genetic alteration in these mice consists in a large 296 bp deletion at the 3' part of the hairless gene (ID:MGI:3039558; J:89321). Here, we show that this deletion removes the stop codon and creates a new reading frame at the C terminus of the hairless protein, generating a larger mutant protein harboring an additional sequence of 117 amino acids. The mutant hairless gene mRNA is expressed during the embryonic and post-natal development of the hair follicle. The mutant protein is identified in bmh mouse skin at different stages of development by a specific antibody. We demonstrate that the HR bmh protein is able to interact with the vitamin D receptor (VDR), but is not able to repress VDR-mediated transactivation. Immunofluorescence analysis reveals that HR bmh protein displays an abnormal cellular localization in transfected cell lines, as well as in the epidermis and hair follicle of bmh mutant mice. We discuss the relevance of the hairless protein mis localization in cell signalling pathways and with respect to the specific skin phenotype of mouse hairless mutants.
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12
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Asakawa M, Yoshioka T, Matsutani T, Hikita I, Suzuki M, Oshima I, Tsukahara K, Arimura A, Horikawa T, Hirasawa T, Sakata T. Association of a Mutation in TRPV3 with Defective Hair Growth in Rodents. J Invest Dermatol 2006; 126:2664-72. [PMID: 16858425 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jid.5700468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
DS-Nh mice and WBN/Kob-Ht rats are spontaneous hairless mutant rodent strains. These animals develop spontaneous dermatitis under normal conditions. The non-hair Nh and Ht phenotypes are inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion, and the Nh mutation possesses a high potency for penetration. We previously reported that genes involved in dermatitis and hairlessness did not segregate from each other. Here, we carried out genetic analysis to identify the genes responsible for these hairless mutations. An amino-acid substitution at the same position in one gene was detected in DS-Nh mice and WBN/Kob-Ht rats: Gly573 to Ser (Nh mutation) or Gly573 to Cys (Ht mutation), located in the transient receptor potential (TRP) cation channel subfamily V member 3 (TRPV3) gene. Mutated TRPV3 was expressed in skin keratinocytes of DS-Nh mice. Histopathological analyses revealed that mast cells in skin lesions were increased in both rodents compared to their age-matched parent strains, and that this may partially be due to hairlessness and dermatitis. We concluded that TRPV3 was the gene responsible for Nh and Ht mutations, and that mutation in TRPV3 possibly correlated with increased mast cell numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Asakawa
- Shionogi Discovery Research Laboratories, Shionogi & Co., Ltd, Osaka, Japan
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13
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Abstract
The hairless gene in mammals encodes a nuclear factor that is highly expressed in skin and appears to control hair follicle integrity and cycling. In the absence of a normal and functional Hairless (Hr) protein, the hair bulb undergoes premature apoptosis during the first catagen stage of the hair cycle. The most striking effects of the mutation are loss of hair follicles and formation of epidermal utricles and dermal cysts. The hairless gene expression appears to be widespread and temporally regulated. The gene is strongly expressed in different compartments of the brain. Hairless mRNAs were detected in cartilage, gonads, thymus and colon. In addition to alopecia, hairless mice strains show subtle defects in the development and differentiation of various tissues and organs. The Hr protein is localised in cell nuclei and functions as a transcriptional regulator. Although its role has not been resolved in molecular terms, it was demonstrated that Hr is able to interact with multiple nuclear hormone receptors. Hr seems to be a part of a large multiprotein complex capable to repress transcription by its association to chromatin remodelling factors such as histone deacetylases. Recent experimental data suggest that Hr might be involved in Hox gene regulation, cell adhesion modulation and progenitor cells identity. At least in the skin, but probably in other organs, the Hr repressor seems to be responsible for the timing of epithelial cells differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Nonchev
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire de la Différenciation, Inserm U309, Institut Albert Bonniot, Domaine de la Merci, 38706 La Troche, France.
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14
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Nam Y, Kim JK, Cha DS, Cho JW, Cho KH, Yoon S, Yoon JB, Oh YS, Suh JG, Han SS, Song CW, Yoon SK. A novel missense mutation in the mouse hairless gene causes irreversible hair loss: genetic and molecular analyses of Hr m1Enu. Genomics 2006; 87:520-6. [PMID: 16455232 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2005.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2005] [Revised: 12/09/2005] [Accepted: 12/12/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A novel autosomal recessive mutant was produced using N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea mutagenesis. The characteristics of the mutant mice included progressive irreversible hair loss within a month of birth, wrinkled skin, and long curved nails. Linkage analysis revealed that the causative gene is linked to D14Mit193 on chromosome 14. Sequence analysis of the complete cDNA of the candidate gene, hairless (Hr), identified a homozygous G-to-T transition at nucleotide 3572, leading to the substitution of glycine by tryptophan, designated Gly960Trp. This missense mutation occurs in the vicinity of repression domain 3 of the hairless protein (HR). This allele was named Hr(m1Enu). The relative amounts of Hr mRNA and HR protein determined by real-time PCR and Western blot analyses, respectively, were slightly elevated in the mutant mice. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed the increased expression of Kc1 and Vdr in the mutant mice, whereas the expression of Nrs1 and Krtap16-6 was decreased. These results suggest that the Gly960Trp substitution in HR protein in Hr(m1Enu) mice may alter the function of HR as a transcriptional corepressor.
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MESH Headings
- Alleles
- Alopecia/genetics
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Blotting, Western
- Chromosome Mapping
- Chromosomes, Mammalian
- Conserved Sequence
- Crosses, Genetic
- DNA Mutational Analysis
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- Ethylnitrosourea/pharmacology
- Genes, Recessive
- Genetic Linkage
- Haplotypes
- Homozygote
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mutagens/pharmacology
- Mutation, Missense
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Tryptophan/metabolism
- Zinc Fingers
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Affiliation(s)
- YoonYi Nam
- Laboratory of Toxicogenomics, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Taejon 305-600, Korea
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