1
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Bala M, Rehana S, Singh MP. Self-incompatibility: a targeted, unexplored pre-fertilization barrier in flower crops of Asteraceae. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2023; 136:587-612. [PMID: 37452973 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-023-01480-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Asteraceae (synonym as Compositae) is one of the largest angiosperm families among flowering plants comprising one-tenth of all agri-horticultural species grown across various habitats except in Antarctica. These are commercially utilized as cut and loose flowers as well as pot and bedding plants in landscape gardens due to their unique floral traits. Consequently, ineffective seed setting and presence of an intraspecific reproductive barrier known as self-incompatibility (SI) severely reduces the effectiveness of hybridization and self-fertilization by traditional crossing. There have been very few detailed studies of pollen-stigma interactions in this family. Moreover, about 63% of Aster species can barely self-fertilize due to self-incompatibility (SI). The chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum × morifolium) is one of the most economically important ornamental plants in the Asteraceae family which hugely shows incompatibility. Reasons for the low fertility and reproductive capacity of species are still indefinite or not clear. Hence, the temporal pattern of inheritance of self-incompatibility and its effect on reproductive biology needs to be investigated further to improve the breeding efficiency. This review highlights the self-incompatible (SI) system operating in important Astraceous (ornamental) crops which are adversely affected by this mechanism along with different physiological and molecular techniques involved in breaking down self-incompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Bala
- Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141 004, India.
| | - Shaik Rehana
- Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141 004, India
| | - Mohini Prabha Singh
- Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141 004, India
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2
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Walter GM, Abbott RJ, Brennan AC, Bridle JR, Chapman M, Clark J, Filatov D, Nevado B, Ortiz-Barrientos D, Hiscock SJ. Senecio as a model system for integrating studies of genotype, phenotype and fitness. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 226:326-344. [PMID: 31951018 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Two major developments have made it possible to use examples of ecological radiations as model systems to understand evolution and ecology. First, the integration of quantitative genetics with ecological experiments allows detailed connections to be made between genotype, phenotype, and fitness in the field. Second, dramatic advances in molecular genetics have created new possibilities for integrating field and laboratory experiments with detailed genetic sequencing. Combining these approaches allows evolutionary biologists to better study the interplay between genotype, phenotype, and fitness to explore a wide range of evolutionary processes. Here, we present the genus Senecio (Asteraceae) as an excellent system to integrate these developments, and to address fundamental questions in ecology and evolution. Senecio is one of the largest and most phenotypically diverse genera of flowering plants, containing species ranging from woody perennials to herbaceous annuals. These Senecio species exhibit many growth habits, life histories, and morphologies, and they occupy a multitude of environments. Common within the genus are species that have hybridized naturally, undergone polyploidization, and colonized diverse environments, often through rapid phenotypic divergence and adaptive radiation. These diverse experimental attributes make Senecio an attractive model system in which to address a broad range of questions in evolution and ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg M Walter
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Richard J Abbott
- School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9TH, UK
| | - Adrian C Brennan
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Durham, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Jon R Bridle
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Mark Chapman
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - James Clark
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Dmitry Filatov
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Bruno Nevado
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
| | | | - Simon J Hiscock
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
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3
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Petanidou T, Price MV, Bronstein JL, Kantsa A, Tscheulin T, Kariyat R, Krigas N, Mescher MC, De Moraes CM, Waser NM. Pollination and reproduction of an invasive plant inside and outside its ancestral range. ACTA OECOLOGICA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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4
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No evolutionary change in the mating system of Solanum rostratum (Solanaceae) during its invasion in China. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17698. [PMID: 29255306 PMCID: PMC5735151 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17881-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The mating system of flowering plants plays a key role during the process of invasion. Evolution from outcrossing to selfing can allow rapid regeneration of a population after long-distance dispersal by providing reproductive assurance. Solanum rostratum is a self-compatible annual herb that exhibits a high level of outcrossing in its native populations. However, the mating system of invasive populations of S. rostratum has never been assessed. Here, we investigated the mating system based on 11 microsatellite loci and explored ecological factors that may influence the outcrossing rate among 10 invasive populations of S. rostratum in China. We found that the mean outcrossing rate was 0.69 ± 0.12 (range 0.49 to 0.83) with multiple paternity within progeny arrays (average effective number of sires = 7.86), which suggests a mixed mating system dominated by outcrossing. Combined with the uniformly high outcrossing rate (0.70 ± 0.03) previously reported in its native range, these results indicate that there has been no evolutionary shift in mating system during the invasion in China by S. rostratum. There were no relationships between outcrossing and population size, population density, altitude, latitude or longitude. Furthermore, high outcrossing of S. rostratum in China may be facilitated by enantiostyly and heteranthery.
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Razanajatovo M, Maurel N, Dawson W, Essl F, Kreft H, Pergl J, Pyšek P, Weigelt P, Winter M, van Kleunen M. Plants capable of selfing are more likely to become naturalized. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13313. [PMID: 27796365 PMCID: PMC5095580 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Many plant species have established self-sustaining populations outside their natural range because of human activities. Plants with selfing ability should be more likely to establish outside their historical range because they can reproduce from a single individual when mates or pollinators are not available. Here, we compile a global breeding-system database of 1,752 angiosperm species and use phylogenetic generalized linear models and path analyses to test relationships between selfing ability, life history, native range size and global naturalization status. Selfing ability is associated with annual or biennial life history and a large native range, which both positively correlate with the probability of naturalization. Path analysis suggests that a high selfing ability directly increases the number of regions where a species is naturalized. Our results provide robust evidence across flowering plants at the global scale that high selfing ability fosters alien plant naturalization both directly and indirectly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mialy Razanajatovo
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, Konstanz D-78457, Germany
| | - Noëlie Maurel
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, Konstanz D-78457, Germany
| | - Wayne Dawson
- Conservation Ecology Group, Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Franz Essl
- Division of Conservation, Vegetation and Landscape Ecology, University of Vienna, Wien 1030, Austria
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Holger Kreft
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, Göttingen D-37077, Germany
| | - Jan Pergl
- Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, CZ-25243, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, CZ-25243, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, Prague 2, CZ-12844, Czech Republic
| | - Patrick Weigelt
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, Göttingen D-37077, Germany
| | - Marten Winter
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, Leipzig D-04103, Germany
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, Konstanz D-78457, Germany
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Silva JL, Brennan AC, Mejías JA. Population genetics of self-incompatibility in a clade of relict cliff-dwelling plant species. AOB PLANTS 2016; 8:plw029. [PMID: 27154621 PMCID: PMC4940477 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plw029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The mating systems of species in small or fragmented populations impact upon their persistence. Small self-incompatible (SI) populations risk losing S allele diversity, responsible for the SI response, by drift thereby limiting mate availability and leading to population decline or SI system breakdown. But populations of relict and/or endemic species have resisted these demographic conditions over long periods suggesting their mating systems have adapted. To address a lack of empirical data on this topic, we studied the SI systems of three relict cliff-dwelling species of Sonchus section Pustulati (Asteraceae): S. masguindalii, S. fragilis and S. pustulatus in the western Mediterranean region. We performed controlled pollinations within and between individuals to measure index of SI (ISI) expression and identify S alleles in multiple population samples. Sonchus masguindalii and S. pustulatus showed strong SI (ISI = 0.6-1.0) compared to S. fragilis (ISI = 0.1-0.7). Just five S alleles were estimated for Spanish S. pustulatus and a moderate 11-15 S alleles for Moroccan S. pustulatus and S. fragilis, respectively. The fact that autonomous fruit set was generally improved by active self-pollination in self-compatible S. fragilis suggests that individuals with weak SI can show a wide range of outcrossing levels dependent on the degree of self or outcross pollen that pollinators bear. We conclude that frequent S allele dominance interactions that mask the incompatibility interactions of recessive S alleles leading to higher mate availability and partial breakdown of SI leading to mixed mating, both contribute to reproductive resilience in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose L Silva
- Departamento De Biología Vegetal Y Ecología, Universidad De Sevilla, Sevilla, CP 41012, España
| | - Adrian C Brennan
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Durham, Durham, UK
| | - José A Mejías
- Departamento De Biología Vegetal Y Ecología, Universidad De Sevilla, Sevilla, CP 41012, España
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Mäder G, Castro L, Bonatto SL, Freitas LBD. Multiple introductions and gene flow in subtropical South American populations of the fireweed, Senecio madagascariensis(Asteraceae). Genet Mol Biol 2016; 39:135-44. [PMID: 27007907 PMCID: PMC4807391 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2015-0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-indigenous plants exhibit different attributes that make them aggressive competitors with indigenous plants and serious threats to biodiversity.Senecio madagascariensis (fireweed, Asteraceae), a native from southern Africa, is a strong competitor in agricultural activities and has toxic alkaloids that may result in high cattle mortality. In Brazil, this weed was collected for the first time in 1995 and has since spread quickly throughout the Pampas region. To better understand the invasion of the fireweed in South America, we used a genetic characterization with internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and microsatellite markers. Based on the ITS data, the southern Brazil populations of S. madagascariensis shared genetic homology with samples taken from the Hawaiian Islands and South Africa. Microsatellite analysis showed the genetic diversity split in two clusters, perhaps intimating the independent introduction of each species into South America. Although fireweed was introduced recently in southern Brazil, the considerable levels of genetic diversity, gene flow, and inbreeding may indicate success in the species establishment in this environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraldo Mäder
- Laboratório de Evolução Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luana Castro
- Laboratório de Evolução Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Sandro Luis Bonatto
- Laboratório de Genômica e Biologia Molecular, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Loreta Brandão de Freitas
- Laboratório de Evolução Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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8
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Thomann M, Imbert E, Engstrand RC, Cheptou PO. Contemporary evolution of plant reproductive strategies under global change is revealed by stored seeds. J Evol Biol 2015; 28:766-78. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Thomann
- CEFE UMR 5175; CNRS; Université de Montpellier; Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier; EPHE; Montpellier Cedex 05 France
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier - (UMR 5554 CNRS); Université de Montpellier II; Montpellier Cedex 05 France
| | - E. Imbert
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier - (UMR 5554 CNRS); Université de Montpellier II; Montpellier Cedex 05 France
| | - R. C. Engstrand
- CEFE UMR 5175; CNRS; Université de Montpellier; Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier; EPHE; Montpellier Cedex 05 France
| | - P.-O. Cheptou
- CEFE UMR 5175; CNRS; Université de Montpellier; Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier; EPHE; Montpellier Cedex 05 France
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9
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Dormontt EE, Gardner MG, Breed MF, Rodger JG, Prentis PJ, Lowe AJ. Genetic bottlenecks in time and space: reconstructing invasions from contemporary and historical collections. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106874. [PMID: 25192006 PMCID: PMC4156389 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Herbarium accession data offer a useful historical botanical perspective and have been used to track the spread of plant invasions through time and space. Nevertheless, few studies have utilised this resource for genetic analysis to reconstruct a more complete picture of historical invasion dynamics, including the occurrence of separate introduction events. In this study, we combined nuclear and chloroplast microsatellite analyses of contemporary and historical collections of Senecio madagascariensis, a globally invasive weed first introduced to Australia c. 1918 from its native South Africa. Analysis of nuclear microsatellites, together with temporal spread data and simulations of herbarium voucher sampling, revealed distinct introductions to south-eastern Australia and mid-eastern Australia. Genetic diversity of the south-eastern invasive population was lower than in the native range, but higher than in the mid-eastern invasion. In the invasive range, despite its low resolution, our chloroplast microsatellite data revealed the occurrence of new haplotypes over time, probably as the result of subsequent introduction(s) to Australia from the native range during the latter half of the 20th century. Our work demonstrates how molecular studies of contemporary and historical field collections can be combined to reconstruct a more complete picture of the invasion history of introduced taxa. Further, our study indicates that a survey of contemporary samples only (as undertaken for the majority of invasive species studies) would be insufficient to identify potential source populations and occurrence of multiple introductions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor E. Dormontt
- Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Michael G. Gardner
- School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Evolutionary Biology Unit, South Australian Museum, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Martin F. Breed
- Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - James G. Rodger
- Centre for Invasion Biology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Peter J. Prentis
- School of Earth, Environmental and Biological Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrew J. Lowe
- Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- * E-mail:
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10
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Pierson JC, Swain SM, Young AG. Incest versus abstinence: reproductive trade-offs between mate limitation and progeny fitness in a self-incompatible invasive plant. Ecol Evol 2013; 3:5066-75. [PMID: 24455137 PMCID: PMC3892369 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant mating systems represent an evolutionary and ecological trade-off between reproductive assurance through selfing and maximizing progeny fitness through outbreeding. However, many plants with sporophytic self-incompatibility systems exhibit dominance interactions at the S-locus that allow biparental inbreeding, thereby facilitating mating between individuals that share alleles at the S-locus. We investigated this trade-off by estimating mate availability and biparental inbreeding depression in wild radish from five different populations across Australia. We found dominance interactions among S-alleles increased mate availability relative to estimates based on individuals that did not share S-alleles. Twelve of the sixteen fitness variables were significantly reduced by inbreeding. For all the three life-history phases evaluated, self-fertilized offspring suffered a greater than 50% reduction in fitness, while full-sib and half-sib offspring suffered a less than 50% reduction in fitness. Theory indicates that fitness costs greater than 50% can result in an evolutionary trajectory toward a stable state of self-incompatibility (SI). This study suggests that dominance interactions at the S-locus provide a possible third stable state between SI and SC where biparental inbreeding increases mate availability with relatively minor fitness costs. This strategy allows weeds to establish in new environments while maintaining a functional SI system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen M Swain
- CSIRO Plant Industry GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Andrew G Young
- CSIRO Plant Industry GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
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11
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Population structure and genetic diversity of native and invasive populations of Solanum rostratum (Solanaceae). PLoS One 2013; 8:e79807. [PMID: 24224008 PMCID: PMC3818217 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS We investigate native and introduced populations of Solanum rostratum, an annual, self-compatible plant that has been introduced around the globe. This study is the first to compare the genetic diversity of Solanum rostratum between native and introduced populations. We aim to (1) determine the level of genetic diversity across the studied regions; (2) explore the likely origins of invasive populations in China; and (3) investigate whether there is the evidence of multiple introductions into China. METHODS We genotyped 329 individuals at 10 microsatellite loci to determine the levels of genetic diversity and to investigate population structure of native and introduced populations of S. rostratum. We studied five populations in each of three regions across two continents: Mexico, the U.S.A. and China. IMPORTANT FINDINGS We found the highest genetic diversity among Mexican populations of S. rostratum. Genetic diversity was significantly lower in Chinese and U.S.A. populations, but we found no regional difference in inbreeding coefficients (F IS) or population differentiation (F ST). Population structure analyses indicate that Chinese and U.S.A. populations are more closely related to each other than to sampled Mexican populations, revealing that introduced populations in China share an origin with the sampled U.S.A. populations. The distinctiveness between some introduced populations indicates multiple introductions of S. rostratum into China.
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12
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Ward M, Johnson SD. Generalised pollination systems for three invasive milkweeds in Australia. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2013; 15:566-572. [PMID: 23173573 DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00700.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Because most plants require pollinator visits for seed production, the ability of an introduced plant species to establish pollinator relationships in a new ecosystem may have a central role in determining its success or failure as an invader. We investigated the pollination ecology of three milkweed species - Asclepias curassavica, Gomphocarpus fruticosus and G. physocarpus - in their invaded range in southeast Queensland, Australia. The complex floral morphology of milkweeds has often been interpreted as a general trend towards specialised pollination requirements. Based on this interpretation, invasion by milkweeds contradicts the expectation than plant species with specialised pollination systems are less likely to become invasive that those with more generalised pollination requirements. However, observations of flower visitors in natural populations of the three study species revealed that their pollination systems are essentially specialised at the taxonomic level of the order, but generalised at the species level. Specifically, pollinators of the two Gomphocarpus species included various species of Hymenoptera (particularly vespid wasps), while pollinators of A. curassavica were primarily Lepidoptera (particularly nymphalid butterflies). Pollinators of all three species are rewarded with copious amounts of highly concentrated nectar. It is likely that successful invasion by these three milkweed species is attributable, at least in part, to their generalised pollinator requirements. The results of this study are discussed in terms of how data from the native range may be useful in predicting pollination success of species in a new environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ward
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, Australia.
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13
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Monty A, Bizoux JP, Escarré J, Mahy G. Rapid plant invasion in distinct climates involves different sources of phenotypic variation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55627. [PMID: 23383251 PMCID: PMC3559535 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
When exotic species spread over novel environments, their phenotype will depend on a combination of different processes, including phenotypic plasticity (PP), local adaptation (LA), environmental maternal effects (EME) and genetic drift (GD). Few attempts have been made to simultaneously address the importance of those processes in plant invasion. The present study uses the well-documented invasion history of Senecio inaequidens (Asteraceae) in southern France, where it was introduced at a single wool-processing site. It gradually invaded the Mediterranean coast and the Pyrenean Mountains, which have noticeably different climates. We used seeds from Pyrenean and Mediterranean populations, as well as populations from the first introduction area, to explore the phenotypic variation related to climatic variation. A reciprocal sowing experiment was performed with gardens under Mediterranean and Pyrenean climates. We analyzed climatic phenotypic variation in germination, growth, reproduction, leaf physiology and survival. Genetic structure in the studied invasion area was characterized using AFLP. We found consistent genetic differentiation in growth traits but no home-site advantage, so weak support for LA to climate. In contrast, genetic differentiation showed a relationship with colonization history. PP in response to climate was observed for most traits, and it played an important role in leaf trait variation. EME mediated by seed mass influenced all but leaf traits in a Pyrenean climate. Heavier, earlier-germinating seeds produced larger individuals that produced more flower heads throughout the growing season. However, in the Mediterranean garden, seed mass only influenced the germination rate. The results show that phenotypic variation in response to climate depends on various ecological and evolutionary processes associated with geographical zone and life history traits. Seeing the relative importance of EME and GD, we argue that a “local adaptation vs. phenotypic plasticity” approach is therefore not sufficient to fully understand what shapes phenotypic variation and genetic architecture of invasive populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Monty
- University of Liege, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Biodiversity and Landscape Unit, Passage des Déportés, 2, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
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14
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Firestone JL, Jasieniuk M. Small population size limits reproduction in an invasive grass through both demography and genetics. Oecologia 2012; 172:109-17. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-012-2465-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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15
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Li XM, Liao WJ, Wolfe LM, Zhang DY. No evolutionary shift in the mating system of north American Ambrosia artemisiifolia (Asteraceae) following its introduction to China. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31935. [PMID: 22384104 PMCID: PMC3285193 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The mating system plays a key role during the process of plant invasion. Contemporary evolution of uniparental reproduction (selfing or asexuality) can relieve the challenges of mate limitation in colonizing populations by providing reproductive assurance. Here we examined aspects of the genetics of colonization in Ambrosia artemisiifolia, a North American native that is invasive in China. This species has been found to possess a strong self-incompatibility system and have high outcrossing rates in North America and we examined whether there has been an evolutionary shift towards the dependence on selfing in the introduced range. Specifically, we estimated outcrossing rates in one native and five invasive populations and compared levels of genetic diversity between North America and China. Based on six microsatellite loci we found that, like the native North American population, all five Chinese populations possessed a completely outcrossing mating system. The estimates of paternity correlations were low, ranging from 0.028-0.122, which suggests that populations possessed ~8-36 pollen donor parents contributing to each maternal plant in the invasive populations. High levels of genetic diversity for both native and invasive populations were found with the unbiased estimate of gene diversity ranging from 0.262-0.289 for both geographic ranges based on AFLP markers. Our results demonstrate that there has been no evolutionary shift from outcrossing to selfing during A. artemisiifolia's invasion of China. Furthermore, high levels of genetic variation in North America and China indicate that there has been no erosion of genetic variance due to a bottleneck during the introduction process. We suggest that the successful invasion of A. artemisiifolia into Asia was facilitated by repeated introductions from multiple source populations in the native range creating a diverse gene pool within Chinese populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Meng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Wan-Jin Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Lorne M. Wolfe
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Da-Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Lachmuth S, Durka W, Schurr FM. Differentiation of reproductive and competitive ability in the invaded range of Senecio inaequidens: the role of genetic Allee effects, adaptive and nonadaptive evolution. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2011; 192:529-541. [PMID: 21736567 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03808.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Genetic differentiation in the competitive and reproductive ability of invading populations can result from genetic Allee effects or r/K selection at the local or range-wide scale. However, the neutral relatedness of populations may either mask or falsely suggest adaptation and genetic Allee effects. In a common-garden experiment, we investigated the competitive and reproductive ability of invasive Senecio inaequidens populations that vary in neutral genetic diversity, population age and field vegetation cover. To account for population relatedness, we analysed the experimental results with 'animal models' adopted from quantitative genetics. Consistent with adaptive r/K differentiation at local scales, we found that genotypes from low-competition environments invest more in reproduction and are more sensitive to competition. By contrast, apparent effects of large-scale r/K differentiation and apparent genetic Allee effects can largely be explained by neutral population relatedness. Invading populations should not be treated as homogeneous groups, as they may adapt quickly to small-scale environmental variation in the invaded range. Furthermore, neutral population differentiation may strongly influence invasion dynamics and should be accounted for in analyses of common-garden experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Lachmuth
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 2, Potsdam, Germany.
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Prentis PJ, Woolfit M, Thomas-Hall SR, Ortiz-Barrientos D, Pavasovic A, Lowe AJ, Schenk PM. Massively parallel sequencing and analysis of expressed sequence tags in a successful invasive plant. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2010; 106:1009-17. [PMID: 20929896 PMCID: PMC2990670 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcq201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Invasive species pose a significant threat to global economies, agriculture and biodiversity. Despite progress towards understanding the ecological factors associated with plant invasions, limited genomic resources have made it difficult to elucidate the evolutionary and genetic factors responsible for invasiveness. This study presents the first expressed sequence tag (EST) collection for Senecio madagascariensis, a globally invasive plant species. METHODS We used pyrosequencing of one normalized and two subtractive libraries, derived from one native and one invasive population, to generate an EST collection. ESTs were assembled into contigs, annotated by BLAST comparison with the NCBI non-redundant protein database and assigned gene ontology (GO) terms from the Plant GO Slim ontologies. KEY RESULTS Assembly of the 221,746 sequence reads resulted in 12,442 contigs. Over 50 % (6183) of 12,442 contigs showed significant homology to proteins in the NCBI database, representing approx. 4800 independent transcripts. The molecular transducer GO term was significantly over-represented in the native (South African) subtractive library compared with the invasive (Australian) library. Based on NCBI BLAST hits and literature searches, 40 % of the molecular transducer genes identified in the South African subtractive library are likely to be involved in response to biotic stimuli, such as fungal, bacterial and viral pathogens. CONCLUSIONS This EST collection is the first representation of the S. madagascariensis transcriptome and provides an important resource for the discovery of candidate genes associated with plant invasiveness. The over-representation of molecular transducer genes associated with defence responses in the native subtractive library provides preliminary support for aspects of the enemy release and evolution of increased competitive ability hypotheses in this successful invasive. This study highlights the contribution of next-generation sequencing to better understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying ecological hypotheses that are important in successful plant invasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Prentis
- Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
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Hardiman NA, Culley TM. Reproductive success of cultivated Pyrus calleryana (Rosaceae) and establishment ability of invasive, hybrid progeny. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2010; 97:1698-1706. [PMID: 21616803 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1000113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED • PREMISE OF THE STUDY Pyrus calleryana Decne., an ornamental tree species introduced from China, is a relatively new invasive that has only recently begun to spread across the United States after intraspecific hybridization between cultivars. The function of such hybridization in the evolution of invasiveness is still relatively understudied, especially with respect to the initial establishment and persistence of invasive genotypes. Multiple introductions of genetically divergent populations or cultivars may benefit from new genetic combinations created during hybridization events and/or release from Allee effects in founder populations. • METHODS We quantified the outcome of intraspecific hybridization between cultivars of P. calleryana in a common garden. Measures of the reproductive success and establishment ability of their early- and advanced-generation hybrid offspring were collected to assess the likelihood of particular cultivar genotypes to establish in invasive populations. These traits also were compared between cultivated and invasive parents to identify any generational differences in invasive potential. • KEY RESULTS Differences were detected in measures of reproductive ability, but no group emerged as consistently more fecund. Advanced-generation hybrids also had significantly less biomass, indicating a reduction in hybrid performance relative to that of the cultivated progeny. • CONCLUSION Ultimately, this study indicates that increased spread of P. calleryana has been initiated by introduction of multiple cultivar types and subsequent widespread planting and is not the result of an inherent fitness advantage of hybrid progeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A Hardiman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, 614 Rieveschl Hall, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0006 USA
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Monty A, Mahy G. Evolution of dispersal traits along an invasion route in the wind-dispersed Senecio inaequidens (Asteraceae). OIKOS 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2010.17769.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Lachmuth S, Durka W, Schurr FM. The making of a rapid plant invader: genetic diversity and differentiation in the native and invaded range of Senecio inaequidens. Mol Ecol 2010; 19:3952-67. [PMID: 20854275 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2010.04797.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Lachmuth
- University of Potsdam, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Potsdam, Germany.
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Hao JH, Qiang S, Chrobock T, van Kleunen M, Liu QQ. A test of baker’s law: breeding systems of invasive species of Asteraceae in China. Biol Invasions 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-010-9850-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Arnaud JF, Fénart S, Cordellier M, Cuguen J. Populations of weedy crop-wild hybrid beets show contrasting variation in mating system and population genetic structure. Evol Appl 2010; 3:305-18. [PMID: 25567926 PMCID: PMC3352460 DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2010.00121.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2009] [Accepted: 01/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Reproductive traits are key parameters for the evolution of invasiveness in weedy crop–wild hybrids. In Beta vulgaris, cultivated beets hybridize with their wild relatives in the seed production areas, giving rise to crop–wild hybrid weed beets. We investigated the genetic structure, the variation in first-year flowering and the variation in mating system among weed beet populations occurring within sugar beet production fields. No spatial genetic structure was found for first-year populations composed of F1 crop–wild hybrid beets. In contrast, populations composed of backcrossed weed beets emerging from the seed bank showed a strong isolation-by-distance pattern. Whereas gametophytic self-incompatibility prevents selfing in wild beet populations, all studied weed beet populations had a mixed-mating system, plausibly because of the introgression of the crop-derived Sf gene that disrupts self-incompatibility. No significant relationship between outcrossing rate and local weed beet density was found, suggesting no trends for a shift in the mating system because of environmental effects. We further reveal that increased invasiveness of weed beets may stem from positive selection on first-year flowering induction depending on the B gene inherited from the wild. Finally, we discuss the practical and applied consequences of our findings for crop-weed management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Arnaud
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Évolution des Populations Végétales, UMR CNRS 8016, Bâtiment SN2, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille - Lille 1 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Stéphane Fénart
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Évolution des Populations Végétales, UMR CNRS 8016, Bâtiment SN2, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille - Lille 1 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Mathilde Cordellier
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Évolution des Populations Végétales, UMR CNRS 8016, Bâtiment SN2, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille - Lille 1 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Joël Cuguen
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Évolution des Populations Végétales, UMR CNRS 8016, Bâtiment SN2, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille - Lille 1 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
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Le Roux JJ, Wieczorek AM, Tran CT, Vorsino AE. Disentangling the dynamics of invasive fireweed (Senecio madagascariensis Poir. species complex) in the Hawaiian Islands. Biol Invasions 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-009-9635-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ferrer MM, Good-Avila SV, Montaña C, Domínguez CA, Eguiarte LE. Effect of variation in self-incompatibility on pollen limitation and inbreeding depression in Flourensia cernua (Asteraceae) scrubs of contrasting density. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2009; 103:1077-89. [PMID: 19218580 PMCID: PMC2707912 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcp033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2008] [Revised: 08/27/2008] [Accepted: 01/05/2009] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Selection may favour a partial or complete loss of self-incompatibility (SI) if it increases the reproductive output of individuals in the presence of low mate availability. The reproductive output of individuals varying in their strength of SI may also be affected by population density via its affect on the spatial structuring and number of S-alleles in populations. Modifiers increasing levels of self-compatibility can be selected when self-compatible individuals receive reproductive compensation by, for example, increasing seed set and/or when they become associated with high fitness genotypes. METHODS The effect of variation in the strength of SI and scrub density (low versus high) on seed set, seed germination and inbreeding depression in seed germination (delta(germ)) was investigated in the partially self-incompatible species Flourensia cernua by analysing data from self-, cross- and open-pollinated florets. KEY RESULTS Examination of 100 plants in both high and low scrub densities revealed that 51% of plants were strongly self-incompatible and 49 % varied from being self-incompatible to self-compatible. Seed set after hand cross-pollination was higher than after open-pollination for self-incompatible, partially self-incompatible and self-compatible plants but was uniformly low for strongly self-incompatible plants. Strongly self-incompatible and self-incompatible plants exhibited lower seed set, seed germination and multiplicative female fitness (floral display x seed set x seed germination) in open-pollinated florets compared with partially self-incompatible and self-compatible plants. Scrub density also had an effect on seed set and inbreeding depression: in low-density scrubs seed set was higher after open-pollination and delta(germ) was lower. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that (a) plants suffered outcross pollen limitation, (b) female fitness in partially self-incompatible and self-compatible plants is enhanced by increased mate-compatibility and (c) plants in low-density scrubs received higher quality pollen via open-pollination than plants in high-density scrubs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam M. Ferrer
- Departmento de Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Km. 15·5 Carretera Mérida Xtmacuil, Mérida, Yucatán, 97000, México
| | - Sara V. Good-Avila
- Department of Biology, University of Winnipeg, 515 Portage Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3B2E9, Canada
| | - Carlos Montaña
- Instituto de Ecología A.C., Apartado Postal 63, Xalapa, Veracruz, CP 91070, México
| | - César A. Domínguez
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, UNAM, Apartado Postal 70-275 México D. F., CP 04510, México
| | - Luis E. Eguiarte
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, UNAM, Apartado Postal 70-275 México D. F., CP 04510, México
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Monty A, Mahy G. Clinal differentiation during invasion: Senecio inaequidens (Asteraceae) along altitudinal gradients in Europe. Oecologia 2008; 159:305-15. [PMID: 19034526 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-008-1228-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2007] [Accepted: 10/29/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The dynamics of plant population differentiation may be integral in predicting aspects of introduced species invasion. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that European populations of Senecio inaequidens (Asteraceae), an invasive species with South African origins, differentiated during migration from two independent introduction sites into divergent altitudinal and climatic zones. We carried out 2 years of common garden experiments with eight populations sampled from Belgian and ten populations from French altitudinal transects. The Belgian transect followed a temperature and precipitation gradient. A temperature and summer drought gradient characterized the French transect. We evaluated differentiation and clinal variation in plants germinated from field-collected seed using the following traits: days to germination, days to flowering, height at maturity, final plant height and aboveground biomass. Results showed that S. inaequidens populations differentiated in growth traits during invasion. During the 1st year of sampling, the results indicated clinal variation for growth traits along both the Belgium and French altitudinal transects. Data from the 2nd year of study demonstrated that with increasing altitude, a reduction in three growth traits, including plant height at maturity, final plant height and aboveground biomass, was detected along the French transect, but no longer along the Belgian one. Phenological traits did not exhibit a clear clinal variation along altitudinal transects. The possible evolutionary causes for the observed differentiation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Monty
- Laboratory of Ecology, Gembloux Agricultural University, Passage des Déportés, 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
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Ortiz MA, Tremetsberger K, Terrab A, Stuessy TF, García-Castaño JL, Urtubey E, Baeza CM, Ruas CF, Gibbs PE, Talavera S. Phylogeography of the invasive weed Hypochaeris radicata (Asteraceae): from Moroccan origin to worldwide introduced populations. Mol Ecol 2008; 17:3654-67. [PMID: 18662226 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2008.03835.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In an attempt to delineate the area of origin and migratory expansion of the highly successful invasive weedy species Hypochaeris radicata, we analysed amplified fragment length polymorphisms from samples taken from 44 populations. Population sampling focused on the central and western Mediterranean area, but also included sites from Northern Spain, Western and Central Europe, Southeast Asia and South America. The six primer combinations applied to 213 individuals generated a total of 517 fragments of which 513 (99.2%) were polymorphic. The neighbour-joining tree presented five clusters and these divisions were supported by the results of Bayesian analyses: plants in the Moroccan, Betic Sierras (Southern Spain), and central Mediterranean clusters are all heterocarpic. The north and central Spanish, southwestern Sierra Morena, and Central European, Asian and South American cluster contain both heterocarpic (southwestern Sierra Morena) and homocarpic populations (all other populations). The Doñana cluster includes two homocarpic populations. Analyses of fragment parameters indicate that the oldest populations of H. radicata are located in Morocco and that the species expanded from this area in the Late Quaternary via at least three migratory routes, the earliest of which seems to have been to the southwestern Iberian Peninsula, with subsequent colonizations to the central Mediterranean area and the Betic Sierras. Homocarpic populations originated in the southwestern Iberian Peninsula and subsequently spread across north and central Spain, Central Europe and worldwide, where they became a highly successful weed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Ortiz
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Apdo-1095, 41080 Sevilla, Spain.
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Busch JW, Schoen DJ. The evolution of self-incompatibility when mates are limiting. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2008; 13:128-36. [PMID: 18296103 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2008.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2007] [Revised: 01/04/2008] [Accepted: 01/07/2008] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Self-incompatibility (SI) is a genetic barrier to inbreeding that is broadly distributed in angiosperms. In finite populations of SI plants, the loss of S-allele diversity can limit plant reproduction by reducing the availability of compatible mates. Many studies have shown that small or fragmented plant populations suffer from mate limitation. The advent of molecular typing of S-alleles in many species has paved the way to address quantitatively the importance of mate limitation, and to provide greater insight into why and how SI systems breakdown frequently in nature. In this review, we highlight the ecological factors that contribute to mate limitation in SI taxa, discuss their consequences for the evolution and functioning of SI, and propose new empirical research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremiah W Busch
- Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Docteur Penfield, Montreal, QC H3A 1B1, Canada.
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van Kleunen M, Manning J, Pasqualetto V, Johnson S. Phylogenetically Independent Associations between Autonomous Self‐Fertilization and Plant Invasiveness. Am Nat 2008; 171:195-201. [DOI: 10.1086/525057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Brodersen C, Lavergne S, Molofsky J. Genetic variation in photosynthetic characteristics among invasive and native populations of reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea). Biol Invasions 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-007-9206-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Recent biological invasions provide opportunities to investigate microevolution during contemporary timescales. The tempo and scope of local adaptation will be determined by the intensity of natural selection and the amounts and kinds of genetic variation within populations. In flowering plants, genetic diversity is strongly affected by interactions between reproductive systems and stochastic forces associated with immigration history and range expansion. Here, we explore the significance of reproductive system diversity for contemporary evolution during plant invasion. We focus in particular on how reproductive modes influence the genetic consequences of long-distance colonization and determine the likelihood of adaptive responses during invasion. In many clonal invaders, strong founder effects and restrictions on sexual reproduction limit opportunities for local adaptation. In contrast, adaptive changes to life-history traits should be a general expectation in both outbreeding and inbreeding species. We provide evidence that evolutionary modifications to reproductive systems promote the colonizing ability of invading populations and that reproductive timing is an important target of selection during range expansion. Knowledge of the likelihood and speed at which local adaptation evolves in invasive plants will be particularly important for management practices when evolutionary changes enhance ecological opportunities and invasive spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer C H Barrett
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks St., Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3B2.
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