1
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Kiemel K, Weithoff G, Tiedemann R. DNA metabarcoding reveals impact of local recruitment, dispersal, and hydroperiod on assembly of a zooplankton metacommunity. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:6190-6209. [PMID: 35869804 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the environmental impact on the assembly of local communities in relation to their spatial and temporal connectivity is still a challenge in metacommunity ecology. This study aims to unravel underlying metacommunity processes and environmental factors that result in observed zooplankton communities. Unlike most metacommunity studies, we jointly examine active and dormant zooplankton communities using a DNA metabarcoding approach to overcome limitations of morphological species identification. We applied two-fragment (COI and 18S) metabarcoding to monitor communities of 24 kettle holes over a two-year period to unravel (i) spatial and temporal connectivity of the communities, (ii) environmental factors influencing local communities, and (iii) dominant underlying metacommunity processes in this system. We found a strong separation of zooplankton communities from kettle holes of different hydroperiods (degree of permanency) throughout the season, while the community composition within single kettle holes did not differ between years. Species richness was primarily dependent on pH and permanency, while species diversity (Shannon Index) was influenced by kettle hole location. Community composition was impacted by kettle hole size and surrounding field crops. Environmental processes dominated temporal and spatial processes. Sediment communities showed a different composition compared to water samples but did not differ between ephemeral and permanent kettle holes. Our results suggest that communities are mainly structured by environmental filtering based on pH, kettle hole size, surrounding field crops, and permanency. Environmental filtering based on specific conditions in individual kettle holes seems to be the dominant process in community assembly in the studied zooplankton metacommunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Kiemel
- Unit of Evolutionary Biology/Systematic Zoology, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Guntram Weithoff
- Unit of Ecology and Ecosystem Modelling, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ralph Tiedemann
- Unit of Evolutionary Biology/Systematic Zoology, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
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2
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Adams BJ, Gora EM, Donaldson-Matasci MC, Robinson EJH, Powell S. Competition and habitat availability interact to structure arboreal ant communities across scales of ecological organization. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20231290. [PMID: 37752835 PMCID: PMC10523074 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.1290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding how resource limitation and biotic interactions interact across spatial scales is fundamental to explaining the structure of ecological communities. However, empirical studies addressing this issue are often hindered by logistical constraints, especially at local scales. Here, we use a highly tractable arboreal ant study system to explore the interactive effects of resource availability and competition on community structure across three local scales: an individual tree, the nest network created by each colony and the individual ant nest. On individual trees, the ant assemblages are primarily shaped by availability of dead wood, a critical nesting resource. The nest networks within a tree are constrained by the availability of nesting resources but also influenced by the co-occurring species. Within individual nests, the distribution of adult ants is only affected by distance to interspecific competitors. These findings demonstrate that resource limitation exerts the strongest effects on diversity at higher levels of local ecological organization, transitioning to a stronger effect of species interactions at finer scales. Collectively, these results highlight that the process exerting the strongest influence on community structure is highly dependent on the scale at which we examine the community, with shifts occurring even across fine-grained local scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J. Adams
- Department of Biological Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Evan M. Gora
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Scott Powell
- Department of Biological Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
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3
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Simons AL, Theroux S, Osborne M, Nuzhdin S, Mazor R, Steele J. Zeta diversity patterns in metabarcoded lotic algal assemblages as a tool for bioassessment. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2023; 33:e2812. [PMID: 36708145 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Assessments of the ecological health of algal assemblages in streams typically focus on measures of their local diversity and classify individuals by morphotaxonomy. Such assemblages are often connected through various ecological processes, such as dispersal, and may be more accurately assessed as components of regional-, rather than local-scale assemblages. With recent declines in the costs of sequencing and computation, it has also become increasingly feasible to use metabarcoding to more accurately classify algal species and perform regional-scale bioassessments. Recently, zeta diversity has been explored as a novel method of constructing regional bioassessments for groups of streams. Here, we model the use of zeta diversity to investigate whether stream health can be determined by the landscape diversity of algal assemblages. We also compare the use of DNA metabarcoding and morphotaxonomy classifications in these zeta diversity-based bioassessments of regional stream health. From 96 stream samples in California, we used various orders of zeta diversity to construct models of biotic integrity for multiple assemblages of diatoms, as well as hybrid assemblages of diatoms in combination with soft-bodied algae, using taxonomy data generated with both DNA sequencing as well as traditional morphotaxonomic approaches. We compared our ability to evaluate the ecological health of streams with the performance of multiple algal indices of biological condition. Our zeta diversity-based models of regional biotic integrity were more strongly correlated with existing indices for algal assemblages classified using metabarcoding compared to morphotaxonomy. Metabarcoding for diatoms and hybrid algal assemblages involved rbcL and 18S V9 primers, respectively. Importantly, we also found that these algal assemblages, independent of the classification method, are more likely to be assembled under a process of niche differentiation rather than stochastically. Taken together, these results suggest the potential for zeta diversity patterns of algal assemblages classified using metabarcoding to inform stream bioassessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Levi Simons
- Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Susanna Theroux
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Costa Mesa, California, USA
| | - Melisa Osborne
- Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sergey Nuzhdin
- Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Raphael Mazor
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Costa Mesa, California, USA
| | - Joshua Steele
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Costa Mesa, California, USA
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4
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Incorporating distance metrics and temporal trends to refine mixed stock analysis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20569. [PMID: 36446818 PMCID: PMC9709048 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24279-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The distribution of marine organisms is shaped by geographic distance and oceanographic features like currents. Among migratory species, individuals from multiple populations may share feeding habitats seasonally or across life stages. Here, we introduce a modification for many-to-many mixed stock models to include distance between breeding and foraging sites as an ecological covariate and evaluate how the composition of green turtle, Chelonia mydas, juvenile mixed stock aggregations changed in response to population growth over time. Our modified many-to-many model is more informative and generally tightens credible intervals over models that do not incorporate distance. Moreover, we identified a decrease in genetic diversity in a Florida nesting site and two juvenile aggregations. Mixed stock aggregations in central Florida have changed from multiple sources to fewer dominant source populations over the past ~ 20 years. We demonstrate that shifts in contributions from source populations to mixed stock aggregations are likely associated with nesting population growth. Furthermore, our results highlight the importance of long-term monitoring and the need for periodical reassessment of reproductive populations and juvenile aggregations. Understanding how mixed stock aggregations change over time and how different life stages are connected is fundamental for the development of successful conservation plans for imperiled species.
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5
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Nadeau CP, Giacomazzo A, Urban MC. Cool microrefugia accumulate and conserve biodiversity under climate change. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:3222-3235. [PMID: 35226784 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A major challenge in climate change biology is to explain why the impacts of climate change vary around the globe. Microclimates could explain some of this variation, but climate change biologists often overlook microclimates because they are difficult to map. Here, we map microclimates in a freshwater rock pool ecosystem and evaluate how accounting for microclimates alters predictions of climate change impacts on aquatic invertebrates. We demonstrate that average maximum temperature during the growing season can differ by 9.9-11.6°C among microclimates less than a meter apart and this microclimate variation might increase by 21% in the future if deeper pools warm less than shallower pools. Accounting for this microclimate variation significantly alters predictions of climate change impacts on aquatic invertebrates. Predictions that exclude microclimates predict low future occupancy (0.08-0.32) and persistence probabilities (2%-73%) for cold-adapted taxa, and therefore predict decreases in gamma richness and a substantial shift toward warm-adapted taxa in local communities (i.e., thermophilization). However, predictions incorporating microclimates suggest cool locations will remain suitable for cold-adapted taxa in the future, no change in gamma richness, and 825% less thermophilization. Our models also suggest that cool locations will become suitable for warm-adapted taxa and will therefore accumulate biodiversity in the future, which makes cool locations essential for biodiversity conservation. Simulated protection of the 10 coolest microclimates (9% of locations on the landscape) results in a 100% chance of conserving all focal taxa in the future. In contrast, protecting the 10 currently most biodiverse locations, a commonly employed conservation strategy, results in a 3% chance of conserving all focal taxa in the future. Our study suggests that we must account for microclimates if we hope to understand the future impacts of climate change and design effective conservation strategies to limit biodiversity loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Nadeau
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Anjelica Giacomazzo
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Mark C Urban
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
- Center for Biological Risk, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
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6
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Pleistocene allopatric differentiation followed by recent range expansion explains the distribution and molecular diversity of two congeneric crustacean species in the Palaearctic. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22866. [PMID: 34819546 PMCID: PMC8613293 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02164-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Pleistocene glaciations had a tremendous impact on the biota across the Palaearctic, resulting in strong phylogeographic signals of range contraction and rapid postglacial recolonization of the deglaciated areas. Here, we explore the diversity patterns and history of two sibling species of passively dispersing taxa typical of temporary ponds, fairy shrimps (Anostraca). We combine mitochondrial (COI) and nuclear (ITS2 and 18S) markers to conduct a range-wide phylogeographic study including 56 populations of Branchinecta ferox and Branchinecta orientalis in the Palaearctic. Specifically, we investigate whether their largely overlapping ranges in Europe resulted from allopatric differentiation in separate glacial refugia followed by a secondary contact and reconstruct their postglacial recolonization from the inhabited refugia. Our results suggest the existence of distinct refugia for the two species, with genetic divergence among intraspecific lineages consistent with late Pleistocene glacial cycles. While B. ferox lineages originated from Mediterranean refugia, the origin of B. orientalis lineages was possibly located on the Pannonian Plain. We showed that most dispersal events predominantly happened within 100 km, coupled with several recent long-distance events (> 1000 km). Hence the regional habitat density of suitable habitats in Central Europe is possibly a key to the co-existence of the two species. Overall, our study illustrates how isolation in combination with stochastic effects linked to glacial periods are important drivers of the allopatric differentiation of Palaearctic taxa.
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7
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Carvajal-Castro JD, Ospina-L AM, Toro-López Y, Pulido-G A, Cabrera-Casas LX, Guerrero-Peláez S, García-Merchán VH, Vargas-Salinas F. Urbanization is associated to a loss of phylogenetic diversity of birds in a medium size city on the Andes of Colombia, South America. STUDIES ON NEOTROPICAL FAUNA AND ENVIRONMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/01650521.2021.1974709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan D. Carvajal-Castro
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY, USA
- Grupo de Investigación en Evolución, Ecología y Conservación (EECO), Universidad del Quindío, Armenia, Colombia
| | - Ana María Ospina-L
- Grupo de Investigación en Evolución, Ecología y Conservación (EECO), Universidad del Quindío, Armenia, Colombia
- Behavior and Sensory Ecology Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Purdue, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | | - Anny Pulido-G
- Área de Proyectos, Universidad CES, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Laura Ximena Cabrera-Casas
- Maestría en Enseñanza de las Ciencias Exactas y, Universidad Nacional Sede Manizales, Manizales, Colombia
| | - Sebastián Guerrero-Peláez
- Maestria en Conservación y Uso de Biodiversidad, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá DC, Colombia
| | - Víctor Hugo García-Merchán
- Grupo de Investigación en Evolución, Ecología y Conservación (EECO), Universidad del Quindío, Armenia, Colombia
| | - Fernando Vargas-Salinas
- Grupo de Investigación en Evolución, Ecología y Conservación (EECO), Universidad del Quindío, Armenia, Colombia
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8
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Aarnio S, Soininen J. Taxonomic and functional diversity covary in rock pool microalgal communities despite their different drivers. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:11852-11873. [PMID: 34522346 PMCID: PMC8427593 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Local biodiversity has traditionally been estimated with taxonomic diversity metrics such as species richness. Recently, the concept of biodiversity has been extended beyond species identity by ecological traits determining the functional role of a species in a community. This interspecific functional diversity typically responds more strongly to local environmental variation compared with taxonomic diversity, while taxonomic diversity may mirror more strongly dispersal processes compared with functional metrics. Several trait-based indices have been developed to measure functional diversity for various organisms and habitat types, but studies of their applicability on aquatic microbial communities have been underrepresented. We examined the drivers and covariance of taxonomic and functional diversity among diatom rock pool communities on the Baltic Sea coast. We quantified three taxonomic (species richness, Shannon's diversity, and Pielou's evenness) and three functional (functional richness, evenness, and divergence) diversity indices and determined abiotic factors best explaining variation in these indices by generalized linear mixed models. The six diversity indices were highly collinear except functional evenness, which merely correlated significantly with taxonomic evenness. All diversity indices were always explained by water conductivity and temperature-sampling month interaction. Taxonomic diversity was further consistently explained by pool distance to the sea, and functional richness and divergence by pool location. The explained variance in regression models did not markedly differ between taxonomic and functional metrics. Our findings do not clearly support the superiority of neither set of diversity indices in explaining coastal microbial diversity, but rather highlight the general overlap among the indices. However, as individual metrics may be driven by different factors, the greatest advantage in assessing biodiversity is nevertheless probably achieved with a simultaneous application of the taxonomic and functional diversity metrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Aarnio
- Department of Geosciences and GeographyUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Janne Soininen
- Department of Geosciences and GeographyUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
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9
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Teittinen A, Virta L. Exploring Multiple Aspects of Taxonomic and Functional Diversity in Microphytobenthic Communities: Effects of Environmental Gradients and Temporal Changes. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:668993. [PMID: 34093487 PMCID: PMC8175668 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.668993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodiversity has traditionally been quantified using taxonomic information but the importance of also considering its functional characteristics has recently gained an increasing attention among microorganisms. However, studies exploring multiple aspects of taxonomic and functional diversity and their temporal variations are scarce for diatoms, which is one of the most important microbial groups in aquatic ecosystems. Here, our aim was to examine the taxonomic and functional alpha and beta diversities of diatoms in a coastal rock pool system characterized by a naturally high environmental heterogeneity. We also investigated the temporal differences in the diversity patterns and drivers. The relationship between the species richness and functional dispersion was temporally coherent, such that species-poor communities tended to be functionally clustered. The trend between the species richness and taxonomic uniqueness of community composition was temporally inconsistent, changing from negative to non-significant over time. Conductivity or distance to the sea or both were key determinants of species richness, functional dispersion, and uniqueness of community composition. The increase of community dissimilarity with an increasing environmental distance was stronger for the taxonomic than the functional composition. Our results suggest that even minor decreases in the species richness may result in a lowered functional diversity and decreased ecosystem functioning. Species-poor ecosystems may, however, have unique species compositions and high contributions to regional biodiversity. Despite changing the species compositions along the environmental gradients, communities may remain to have a high functional similarity and robustness in the face of environmental changes. Our results highlight the advantage of considering multiple biodiversity metrics and incorporating a temporal component for a deeper understanding of the effects of environmental changes on microbial biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anette Teittinen
- Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leena Virta
- Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Tvärminne Zoological Station, University of Helsinki, Hanko, Finland
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10
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Vieira DC, Gallucci F, Corte GN, Checon HH, Zacagnini Amaral AC, Fonseca G. The relative contribution of non-selection and selection processes in marine benthic assemblages. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 163:105223. [PMID: 33302155 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that the ubiquity of marine meiofaunal nematodes and their indiscriminate passive dispersal create assemblages that are less limited by its environment; whereas the relatively smaller population sizes of macrofauna, associated with their ability to track environmental conditions before settlement, renders their distribution more environmentally-restricted. We compared the empirical distribution of macrofauna and nematode species with that of communities simulated under different assumptions of selection (e.g. environmental filtering) and non-selection (e.g. dispersal limitation) processes. Selection processes were the prime driver of both meio- and macrofauna assemblages, with rare species strongly contributing to this component. The total number of species explained by non-selection processes was 27% higher in nematodes than in macrofauna. Our results underline the importance of a species-level approach to determine the contribution of selection and non-selection assembly processes. Moreover, they highlight the important yet overlooked role of dispersal and stochastic processes in determining species dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Cândido Vieira
- Centro de Estudos Do Mar - Universidade Federal Do Paraná - Caixa Postal 50.002, 83255-000, Pontal Do Paraná, PR, Brazil; Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Av. Dona Ana Costa, 95 - CEP, 11060-001, Santos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fabiane Gallucci
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Av. Dona Ana Costa, 95 - CEP, 11060-001, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Nascimento Corte
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça Do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo, SP - CEP, 05508-120, Brazil; Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Cidade Universitária "Zeferino Vaz", CEP, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Escola Do Mar, Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Do Vale Do Itajaí - Rua Uruguai, 458 - CEP 88, 302-202, Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Helio Herminio Checon
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça Do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo, SP - CEP, 05508-120, Brazil; Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Cidade Universitária "Zeferino Vaz", CEP, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Antônia Cecília Zacagnini Amaral
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Cidade Universitária "Zeferino Vaz", CEP, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Fonseca
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Av. Dona Ana Costa, 95 - CEP, 11060-001, Santos, SP, Brazil
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11
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Dube T, de Necker L, Wepener V, Smit NJ, Pinceel T, Mwaijengo GN, Lemmens P, Brendonck L. A comparison of aquatic macroinvertebrate and large branchiopod community composition between temporary pans of a conservation area and surrounding communal area in South Africa. AFRICAN ZOOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15627020.2020.1724827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Dube
- Animal Ecology, Global Change and Sustainable Development, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Applied Biosciences and Biotechnology, Midlands State University, Gweru, Zimbabwe
| | - L de Necker
- Water Research Group, School for Biological Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - V Wepener
- Water Research Group, School for Biological Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - NJ Smit
- Water Research Group, School for Biological Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - T Pinceel
- Animal Ecology, Global Change and Sustainable Development, Leuven, Belgium
- Centre for Environmental Management, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - GN Mwaijengo
- Animal Ecology, Global Change and Sustainable Development, Leuven, Belgium
- School of Materials, Energy, Water and Environmental Sciences, Nelson Mandela Institute, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - P Lemmens
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, Leuven, Belgium
| | - L Brendonck
- Animal Ecology, Global Change and Sustainable Development, Leuven, Belgium
- Water Research Group, School for Biological Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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12
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Zawierucha K, Buda J, Nawrot A. Extreme weather event results in the removal of invertebrates from cryoconite holes on an Arctic valley glacier (Longyearbreen, Svalbard). Ecol Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.1276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Zawierucha
- Department of Animal Taxonomy and EcologyFaculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University Poznań Poland
| | - Jakub Buda
- Department of Animal Taxonomy and EcologyFaculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University Poznań Poland
| | - Adam Nawrot
- Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences Warszawa Poland
- forScience Foundation Przeźmierowo Poland
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13
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Gülzow N, Wahlen Y, Hillebrand H. Metaecosystem Dynamics of Marine Phytoplankton Alters Resource Use Efficiency along Stoichiometric Gradients. Am Nat 2018; 193:35-50. [PMID: 30562039 DOI: 10.1086/700835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Metaecosystem theory addresses the link between local (within habitats) and regional (between habitats) dynamics by simultaneously analyzing spatial community ecology and abiotic matter flow. Here we experimentally address how spatial resource gradients and connectivity affect resource use efficiency (RUE) and stoichiometry in marine phytoplankton as well as the community composition at local and regional scales. We created gradostat metaecosystems consisting of five linearly interconnected patches, which were arranged either in countercurrent gradients of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) supply or with a uniform spatial distribution of nutrients and which had either low or high connectivity. Gradient metaecosystems were characterized by higher remaining N and P concentrations (and N∶P ratios) than uniform ones, a difference reduced by higher connectivity. The position of the patch in the gradient strongly constrained elemental stoichiometry, local biovolume production, and RUE. As expected, algal carbon (C)∶N, biovolume, and N-specific RUE decreased toward the N-rich end of the gradient metaecosystem, whereas the opposite was observed for most of the gradient for C∶P, N∶P, and P-specific RUE. However, at highest N∶P supply, unexpectedly low C∶P, N∶P, and P-specific RUE values were found, indicating that the low availability of P inhibited efficient use of N and biovolume production. Consequently, gradient metaecosystems had lower overall biovolume at the regional scale. Whereas treatment effects on local richness were weak, gradients were characterized by higher dissimilarity in species composition. Thus, the stoichiometry of resource supply and spatial connectivity between patches appeared as decisive elements constraining phytoplankton composition and functioning in metaecosystems.
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14
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Kneitel JM. Occupancy and environmental responses of habitat specialists and generalists depend on dispersal traits. Ecosphere 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie M. Kneitel
- Department of Biological Sciences California State University‐ Sacramento Sacramento California 95819‐6077 USA
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology Faculty of Natural Sciences University of Haifa 3498838 Haifa Israel
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15
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Fernandez-Fournier P, Avilés L. Environmental filtering and dispersal as drivers of metacommunity composition: complex spider webs as habitat patches. Ecosphere 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Fernandez-Fournier
- Department of Zoology; University of British Columbia; 6270 University Blvd V6T 1Z4 Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Leticia Avilés
- Department of Zoology; University of British Columbia; 6270 University Blvd V6T 1Z4 Vancouver British Columbia Canada
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16
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Rolls RJ, Heino J, Ryder DS, Chessman BC, Growns IO, Thompson RM, Gido KB. Scaling biodiversity responses to hydrological regimes. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2017; 93:971-995. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Rolls
- Institute for Applied Ecology; University of Canberra; Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
- School of Environmental and Rural Science; University of New England; Armidale New South Wales 2351 Australia
| | - Jani Heino
- Finnish Environment Institute, Natural Environment Centre, Biodiversity; Oulu Finland
| | - Darren S. Ryder
- School of Environmental and Rural Science; University of New England; Armidale New South Wales 2351 Australia
| | | | - Ivor O. Growns
- School of Environmental and Rural Science; University of New England; Armidale New South Wales 2351 Australia
| | - Ross M. Thompson
- Institute for Applied Ecology; University of Canberra; Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Keith B. Gido
- Division of Biology; Kansas State University; Manhattan KS U.S.A
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17
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Start D, Gilbert B. Host-parasitoid evolution in a metacommunity. Proc Biol Sci 2017; 283:rspb.2016.0477. [PMID: 27194705 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.0477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Patch size and isolation are predicted to alter both species diversity and evolution; yet, there are few empirical examples of eco-evolutionary feedback in metacommunities. We tested three hypotheses about eco-evolutionary feedback in a gall-forming fly, Eurosta solidaginis and two of its natural enemies that select for opposite traits: (i) specialization and poor dispersal ability constrain a subset of natural enemies from occupying small and isolated patches, (ii) this constraint alters selection on the gall fly, causing phenotypic shifts towards traits resistant to generalist and dispersive enemies in small and isolated patches, and (iii) reduced dispersal evolves in small, isolated populations. We sampled patches in a natural metacommunity and found support for all hypotheses; Eurosta's specialist wasp parasitoid attacked fewer galls in small and isolated patches, generating a selection gradient that favoured small galls resistant to predation by a dispersive and generalist bird predator. Phenotype distributions matched this selection gradient, and these phenotypic differences were maintained in a common garden experiment. Finally, we found lower dispersal abilities in small and isolated patches, a phenotypic shift that aids in the maintenance of local adaptation. We suggest that the trophic rank and the species traits of consumers are central to evolution in metacommunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denon Start
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3B3
| | - Benjamin Gilbert
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3B3
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18
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Mabidi A, Bird MS, Perissinotto R. Distribution and diversity of aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblages in a semi-arid region earmarked for shale gas exploration (Eastern Cape Karoo, South Africa). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178559. [PMID: 28575059 PMCID: PMC5456075 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate macroinvertebrate assemblage structure and composition across the three major waterbody types (temporary rivers, depression wetlands and semi-permanent dams) of the Eastern Cape Karoo, and to identify important environmental and spatial correlates of macroinvertebrate assemblage composition in the region. A total of 33 waterbodies (9 dams, 13 depression wetlands and 11 rivers) were sampled. Altogether, 91 taxa were recorded in November 2014 and 82 in April 2015. Twenty-seven taxa were common to all three waterbody types (across both sampling occasions), with 17 of these observed in November and 19 in April. The ANOSIM tests revealed significant differences in assemblage composition between the depression wetlands and rivers for both sampling occasions, but dams did not differ from the other waterbody types. SIMPER analyses indicated that the notonectid Anisops varia and the corixid Micronecta scutellaris were abundant across all three waterbody types during both sampling occasions. The mayfly Cloeon africanum and the damselfly Pseudagrion sp. were abundant in river habitats during both sampling occasions, while the gastropod mollusc Bulinus tropicus and the copepod Lovenula falcifera best characterised depression wetlands on both occasions. Non-metric multidimensional scaling ordination highlighted a clear separation of assemblages between November and April, while distance-based Redundancy Analysis revealed that conductivity, altitude, turbidity and pH were the most important variables explaining the variation in macroinvertebrate assemblage patterns. These results provide baseline information which is important for future biological monitoring of impacts associated with hydraulic fracturing activities and climatic changes in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annah Mabidi
- DST/NRF Research Chair in Shallow Water Ecosystems, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
- Africa Earth Observatory Network, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Matthew S. Bird
- DST/NRF Research Chair in Shallow Water Ecosystems, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Renzo Perissinotto
- DST/NRF Research Chair in Shallow Water Ecosystems, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
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19
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Hill MJ, Heino J, Thornhill I, Ryves DB, Wood PJ. Effects of dispersal mode on the environmental and spatial correlates of nestedness and species turnover in pond communities. OIKOS 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.04266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Hill
- Inst. of Science and the Environment, Univ. of Worcester, Henwick Grove, Worcester; WR2 6AJ UK
| | - Jani Heino
- Finnish Environment Inst., Natural Environment Centre, Biodiversity; Oulu, Finland
| | | | - David B. Ryves
- Centre for Hydrological and Ecosystem Science, Dept of Geography, Loughborough Univ., Loughborough; Leicestershire UK
| | - Paul J. Wood
- Centre for Hydrological and Ecosystem Science, Dept of Geography, Loughborough Univ., Loughborough; Leicestershire UK
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20
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Valls L, Castillo-Escrivà A, Barrera L, Gómez E, Gil-Delgado JA, Mesquita-Joanes F, Armengol X. Differential endozoochory of aquatic invertebrates by two duck species in shallow lakes. ACTA OECOLOGICA 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Genua
- Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Univ. of Toronto; Toronto ON, M5S 3B3 Canada
| | - Denon Start
- Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Univ. of Toronto; Toronto ON, M5S 3B3 Canada
| | - Benjamin Gilbert
- Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Univ. of Toronto; Toronto ON, M5S 3B3 Canada
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22
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Rodil IF, Lucena-Moya P, Jokinen H, Ollus V, Wennhage H, Villnäs A, Norkko A. The role of dispersal mode and habitat specialization for metacommunity structure of shallow beach invertebrates. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172160. [PMID: 28196112 PMCID: PMC5308789 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Metacommunity ecology recognizes the interplay between local and regional patterns in contributing to spatial variation in community structure. In aquatic systems, the relative importance of such patterns depends mainly on the potential connectivity of the specific system. Thus, connectivity is expected to increase in relation to the degree of water movement, and to depend on the specific traits of the study organism. We examined the role of environmental and spatial factors in structuring benthic communities from a highly connected shallow beach network using a metacommunity approach. Both factors contributed to a varying degree to the structure of the local communities suggesting that environmental filters and dispersal-related mechanisms played key roles in determining abundance patterns. We categorized benthic taxa according to their dispersal mode (passive vs. active) and habitat specialization (generalist vs. specialist) to understand the relative importance of environment and dispersal related processes for shallow beach metacommunities. Passive dispersers were predicted by a combination of environmental and spatial factors, whereas active dispersers were not spatially structured and responded only to local environmental factors. Generalists were predicted primarily by spatial factors, while specialists were only predicted by local environmental factors. The results suggest that the role of the spatial component in metacommunity organization is greater in open coastal waters, such as shallow beaches, compared to less-connected environmentally controlled aquatic systems. Our results also reveal a strong environmental role in structuring the benthic metacommunity of shallow beaches. Specifically, we highlight the sensitivity of shallow beach macrofauna to environmental factors related to eutrophication proxies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván F. Rodil
- Tvärminne Zoological Station, University of Helsinki, Hanko, Finland
- Baltic Sea Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Henri Jokinen
- Tvärminne Zoological Station, University of Helsinki, Hanko, Finland
| | - Victoria Ollus
- Tvärminne Zoological Station, University of Helsinki, Hanko, Finland
| | - Håkan Wennhage
- Havsfiskelaboratoriet, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Villnäs
- Tvärminne Zoological Station, University of Helsinki, Hanko, Finland
| | - Alf Norkko
- Tvärminne Zoological Station, University of Helsinki, Hanko, Finland
- Baltic Sea Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Ferrenberg S, Martinez AS, Faist AM. Aboveground and belowground arthropods experience different relative influences of stochastic versus deterministic community assembly processes following disturbance. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2545. [PMID: 27761333 PMCID: PMC5068348 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding patterns of biodiversity is a longstanding challenge in ecology. Similar to other biotic groups, arthropod community structure can be shaped by deterministic and stochastic processes, with limited understanding of what moderates the relative influence of these processes. Disturbances have been noted to alter the relative influence of deterministic and stochastic processes on community assembly in various study systems, implicating ecological disturbances as a potential moderator of these forces. METHODS Using a disturbance gradient along a 5-year chronosequence of insect-induced tree mortality in a subalpine forest of the southern Rocky Mountains, Colorado, USA, we examined changes in community structure and relative influences of deterministic and stochastic processes in the assembly of aboveground (surface and litter-active species) and belowground (species active in organic and mineral soil layers) arthropod communities. Arthropods were sampled for all years of the chronosequence via pitfall traps (aboveground community) and modified Winkler funnels (belowground community) and sorted to morphospecies. Community structure of both communities were assessed via comparisons of morphospecies abundance, diversity, and composition. Assembly processes were inferred from a mixture of linear models and matrix correlations testing for community associations with environmental properties, and from null-deviation models comparing observed vs. expected levels of species turnover (Beta diversity) among samples. RESULTS Tree mortality altered community structure in both aboveground and belowground arthropod communities, but null models suggested that aboveground communities experienced greater relative influences of deterministic processes, while the relative influence of stochastic processes increased for belowground communities. Additionally, Mantel tests and linear regression models revealed significant associations between the aboveground arthropod communities and vegetation and soil properties, but no significant association among belowground arthropod communities and environmental factors. DISCUSSION Our results suggest context-dependent influences of stochastic and deterministic community assembly processes across different fractions of a spatially co-occurring ground-dwelling arthropod community following disturbance. This variation in assembly may be linked to contrasting ecological strategies and dispersal rates within above- and below-ground communities. Our findings add to a growing body of evidence indicating concurrent influences of stochastic and deterministic processes in community assembly, and highlight the need to consider potential variation across different fractions of biotic communities when testing community ecology theory and considering conservation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Ferrenberg
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Alexander S. Martinez
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Akasha M. Faist
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
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24
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Horváth Z, Vad CF, Ptacnik R. Wind dispersal results in a gradient of dispersal limitation and environmental match among discrete aquatic habitats. ECOGRAPHY 2016; 39:726-732. [PMID: 28529408 PMCID: PMC5438046 DOI: 10.1111/ecog.01685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Directional dispersal by wind and other dispersal agents may generate spatial patterns in passively dispersing metacommunities which cannot be detected by classical eigenvector methods based on Euclidean distances. We analysed zooplankton communities (Rotifera, Cladocera, Copepoda) in a cluster of soda pans distributed over a short spatial scale of 18 km and tested explicitly for directional signals in their spatial configuration. The study area is exposed to a prevailing northwestern wind direction. By applying asymmetric eigenvector maps (AEM), we were able to identify corresponding directionality in the spatial structure of communities. Furthermore, the match between community composition and environmental conditions exhibited a spatial pattern consistent with the prevailing wind corridor, with best match found downwind the dominant wind direction. We also found that classical eigenvector methods based on Euclidean distances underestimated the role of spatial processes in our data. Our study furthermore shows that dispersal limitation may constrain community assembly in highly mobile organisms even at spatial scales below 5 km.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsófia Horváth
- WasserCluster Lunz, Dr. Carl Kupelwieser Promenade 5, AT-3293, Lunz am See, Austria
| | - Csaba F Vad
- WasserCluster Lunz, Dr. Carl Kupelwieser Promenade 5, AT-3293, Lunz am See, Austria
| | - Robert Ptacnik
- WasserCluster Lunz, Dr. Carl Kupelwieser Promenade 5, AT-3293, Lunz am See, Austria
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25
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Zha Y, Berga M, Comte J, Langenheder S. Effects of Dispersal and Initial Diversity on the Composition and Functional Performance of Bacterial Communities. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155239. [PMID: 27182596 PMCID: PMC4868275 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural communities are open systems and consequently dispersal can play an important role for the diversity, composition and functioning of communities at the local scale. It is, however, still unclear how effects of dispersal differ depending on the initial diversity of local communities. Here we implemented an experiment where we manipulated the initial diversity of natural freshwater bacterioplankton communities using a dilution-to-extinction approach as well as dispersal from a regional species pool. The aim was further to test whether dispersal effects on bacterial abundance and functional parameters (average community growth rates, respiration rates, substrate utilisation ability) differ in dependence of the initial diversity of the communities. First of all, we found that both initial diversity and dispersal rates had an effect on the recruitment of taxa from a regional source, which was higher in communities with low initial diversity and at higher rates of dispersal. Higher initial diversity and dispersal also promoted higher levels of richness and evenness in local communities and affected, both, separately or interactively, the functional performance of communities. Our study therefore suggests that dispersal can influence the diversity, composition and functioning of bacterial communities and that this effect may be enhanced if the initial diversity of communities is depleted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghua Zha
- Department of Ecology and Genetics/Limnology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 75236, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mercè Berga
- Department of Ecology and Genetics/Limnology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 75236, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jérôme Comte
- Department of Ecology and Genetics/Limnology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 75236, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Silke Langenheder
- Department of Ecology and Genetics/Limnology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 75236, Uppsala, Sweden
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26
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Abstract
Mussel beds and rockweed stands (fucoid algae) have been shown to be ilternative states on rocky intertidal shores in New England, and here the hypothesis that variation in recruitment provides opportunity for the development of alternative community states was tested. Disturbance by ice scour opens patches for development of alternative states, and in winter 1996-1997, 60 experimental clearings of differing sizes were established on Swan's Island, Maine, USA. Half of the plots were re-cleared during the winter of 2010-2011. Recruitment data for barnacles, mussels, and fucoid algae collected from 1997 to 2012 were used to (1) test for persistence of scale-dependent thresholds, (2) estimate the magnitudes and sources of variation, (3) fit a surface of alternative states as defined by the cusp catastrophe, and (4) test if 1997 recruitment would predict 2010-2011 recruitment in re-scraped plots (i.e., a test of divergence, which is expected in systems with alternative states). For barnacles and mussels, recruitment varied enormously year to year and among sites, but showed consistent patterns over the long-term with respect to clearing size. Average recruitment prior to re-clearing was a good predictor of recruitment afterwards. In contrast, over 50% of the variance in fucoid recruitment was unexplained with weak effects among years and locations. Past fucoid recruitment was a poor predictor of subsequent recruitment. The cusp analysis indicated that fucoid recruitment defines the alternative states. Fucoid recruitment was largely unpredictable and suggests long-term, small-scale priority effects drive the development of alternative states. These observations strongly reinforce the notion that long-term and well- replicated experiments are necessary to develop robust tests of ecological theory.
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Varying Patterns on Varying Scales: A Metacommunity Analysis of Nematodes in European Lakes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151866. [PMID: 27008422 PMCID: PMC4805234 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecological community patterns are often extremely complex and the factors with the greatest influence on community structure have yet to be identified. In this study we used the elements of metacommunity structure (EMS) framework to characterize the metacommunities of freshwater nematodes in 16 European lakes at four geographical scales (radius ranging from 80 m to 360 km). The site characteristics associated with site scores indicative of the structuring gradient were identified using Spearman rank correlations. The metacommunities of the 174 nematode species included in this analysis mostly had a coherent pattern. The degree of turnover increased with increasing scale. Ordination scores correlated with geographical variables on the larger scales and with the trophic state index on a regional scale. The association of the structuring gradient with spatial variables and the scale-dependent increase in turnover showed that nematode dispersal was limited. The different metacommunity patterns identified at the increasing geographical scales suggested different, scale-related mechanisms of species distribution, with species sorting dominating on smaller and mass effects on larger geographical scales.
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28
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Ren H, Yuan X, Yue J, Wang X, Liu H. Potholes of Mountain River as Biodiversity Spots: Structure and Dynamics of the Benthic Invertebrate Community. POLISH JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.3161/15052249pje2016.64.1.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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29
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Larrivée M, Buddle CM. Scale dependence of tree trunk spider diversity patterns in vertical and horizontal space. ECOSCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.2980/17-4-3403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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30
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Timms BV. Community Ecology of Aquatic Invertebrates in Gnammas (Rock-Holes) of North-Western Eyre Peninsula, South Australia. T ROY SOC SOUTH AUST 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/03721426.2014.11649006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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31
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Datry T, Bonada N, Heino J. Towards understanding the organisation of metacommunities in highly dynamic ecological systems. OIKOS 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.02922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Datry
- IRSTEA, UR-MALY, centre de Lyon-Villeurbanne; 5 rue de la Doua CS70077 FR-69626 Villeurbanne Cedex France
- UMR “BOREA” CNRS 7208/IRD 207/MNHN/UPMC, DMPA, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle; 43 rue Cuvier FR-75231 Paris Cedex France
| | - Núria Bonada
- Dept d'Ecologia, Facultat de Biologia; Univ. de Barcelona (UB); Diagonal 643 ES-08028- Barcelona Catalonia Spain
| | - Jani Heino
- Finnish Environment Institute, Natural Environment Centre, Biodiversity; Paavo Havaksen Tie 3 FI-90570 Oulu Finland
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32
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Forcino FL, Leighton LR, Twerdy P, Cahill JF. Reexamining Sample Size Requirements for Multivariate, Abundance-Based Community Research: When Resources are Limited, the Research Does Not Have to Be. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128379. [PMID: 26058066 PMCID: PMC4461312 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Community ecologists commonly perform multivariate techniques (e.g., ordination, cluster analysis) to assess patterns and gradients of taxonomic variation. A critical requirement for a meaningful statistical analysis is accurate information on the taxa found within an ecological sample. However, oversampling (too many individuals counted per sample) also comes at a cost, particularly for ecological systems in which identification and quantification is substantially more resource consuming than the field expedition itself. In such systems, an increasingly larger sample size will eventually result in diminishing returns in improving any pattern or gradient revealed by the data, but will also lead to continually increasing costs. Here, we examine 396 datasets: 44 previously published and 352 created datasets. Using meta-analytic and simulation-based approaches, the research within the present paper seeks (1) to determine minimal sample sizes required to produce robust multivariate statistical results when conducting abundance-based, community ecology research. Furthermore, we seek (2) to determine the dataset parameters (i.e., evenness, number of taxa, number of samples) that require larger sample sizes, regardless of resource availability. We found that in the 44 previously published and the 220 created datasets with randomly chosen abundances, a conservative estimate of a sample size of 58 produced the same multivariate results as all larger sample sizes. However, this minimal number varies as a function of evenness, where increased evenness resulted in increased minimal sample sizes. Sample sizes as small as 58 individuals are sufficient for a broad range of multivariate abundance-based research. In cases when resource availability is the limiting factor for conducting a project (e.g., small university, time to conduct the research project), statistically viable results can still be obtained with less of an investment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank L. Forcino
- Western Carolina University, Geosciences and Natural Resources Department, 331 Stillwell Building, Cullowhee, NC, United States of America, 28723, (828) 227–7367, fax: (828) 227–7647
| | - Lindsey R. Leighton
- University of Alberta, Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, 1–26 Earth Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2E3
| | - Pamela Twerdy
- University of Alberta, Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, 1–26 Earth Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2E3
| | - James F. Cahill
- University of Alberta, Department of Biological Sciences, CW 405, Biological Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2E9
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Combining field observations and laboratory experiments to assess the ecological preferences of Tanymastix stagnalis (L., 1758) (Crustacea, Branchiopoda) in Mediterranean temporary ponds. Ecol Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11284-015-1266-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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34
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Borthagaray AI, Berazategui M, Arim M. Disentangling the effects of local and regional processes on biodiversity patterns through taxon-contingent metacommunity network analysis. OIKOS 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.01317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Inés Borthagaray
- Centro Universitario Regional Este (CURE), Univ. de la República; Tacuarembó s/n, Maldonado Uruguay
| | - Mauro Berazategui
- Centro Universitario Regional Este (CURE), Univ. de la República; Tacuarembó s/n, Maldonado Uruguay
| | - Matías Arim
- Centro Universitario Regional Este (CURE), Univ. de la República; Tacuarembó s/n, Maldonado Uruguay
- Depto de Ecología y Evolución; Facultad de Ciencias, Univ. de la República; Iguá 4225 Piso 9 Sur, Montevideo Uruguay
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Brendonck L, Jocqué M, Tuytens K, Timms BV, Vanschoenwinkel B. Hydrological stability drives both local and regional diversity patterns in rock pool metacommunities. OIKOS 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.01710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luc Brendonck
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation; Ch. Deberiotstraat 32 BE-3000 Leuven Belgium
| | - Merlijn Jocqué
- Rutgers, the State Univ. of New Jersey; 195 University Ave Newark NJ 07102 USA
- Koninklijk Belgisch Inst. voor Natuurwetenschappen (KBIN); Vautierstraat 29 BE-1000 Brussels Belgium
| | - Karen Tuytens
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation; Ch. Deberiotstraat 32 BE-3000 Leuven Belgium
| | | | - Bram Vanschoenwinkel
- Dept of Biology; Vrije Univ. Brussel (VUB); Pleinlaan 2 BE-1050 Brussels Belgium
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36
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Vanschoenwinkel B, Buschke F, Brendonck L. Disturbance regime alters the impact of dispersal on alpha and beta diversity in a natural metacommunity. Ecology 2013; 94:2547-57. [DOI: 10.1890/12-1576.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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37
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Székely AJ, Langenheder S. The importance of species sorting differs between habitat generalists and specialists in bacterial communities. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2013; 87:102-12. [PMID: 23991811 DOI: 10.1111/1574-6941.12195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that the spatial turnover of bacterial communities, that is, beta-diversity, is determined by a combination of different assembly mechanisms, such as species sorting, that is, environmental filtering, and dispersal-related mechanisms. However, it is currently unclear to what extent the importance of the different mechanisms depends on community traits. Here, we implemented a study using a rock pool metacommunity to test whether habitat specialization of bacterial taxa and groups or their phylogenetic identity influenced by which mechanisms communities were assembled. In general, our results show that species sorting was the most important assembly mechanism. However, we found that a larger fraction of the variation in bacterial community composition between pools could be explained by environmental factors in case of habitat generalists, that is, taxa that were widespread and abundant in the metacommunity, compared with habitat specialists, that is, taxa that had a more restricted distribution range and tended to be rare. Differences in assembly mechanisms were observed between different major phyla and classes. However, also here, a larger fraction of the variation in community composition among pools could be explained for taxonomic groups that contained on average more habitat generalists. In summary, our results show that species sorting is stronger for the most common taxa, indicating that beta-diversity along environmental gradients can be adequately described without considering rare taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna J Székely
- Department of Ecology and Genetics/Limnology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Schwentner M, Timms BV, Richter S. Evolutionary systematics of the Australian Eocyzicus
fauna (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Spinicaudata) reveals hidden diversity and phylogeographic structure. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Schwentner
- Institut für Biowissenschaften, Allgemeine und Spezielle Zoologie; Universität Rostock; Rostock Germany
| | - Brian V. Timms
- Australian Museum; Sydney NSW Australia
- Australian Wetland and Rivers Centre; University of NSW; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Stefan Richter
- Institut für Biowissenschaften, Allgemeine und Spezielle Zoologie; Universität Rostock; Rostock Germany
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Vandam R, Kaptijn E, Vanschoenwinkel B. Disentangling the spatio-environmental drivers of human settlement: an eigenvector based variation decomposition. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67726. [PMID: 23844076 PMCID: PMC3699633 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The relative importance of deterministic and stochastic processes driving patterns of human settlement remains controversial. A main reason for this is that disentangling the drivers of distributions and geographic clustering at different spatial scales is not straightforward and powerful analytical toolboxes able to deal with this type of data are largely deficient. Here we use a multivariate statistical framework originally developed in community ecology, to infer the relative importance of spatial and environmental drivers of human settlement. Using Moran’s eigenvector maps and a dataset of spatial variation in a set of relevant environmental variables we applied a variation partitioning procedure based on redundancy analysis models to assess the relative importance of spatial and environmental processes explaining settlement patterns. We applied this method on an archaeological dataset covering a 15 km2 area in SW Turkey spanning a time period of 8000 years from the Late Neolithic/Early Chalcolithic up to the Byzantine period. Variation partitioning revealed both significant unique and commonly explained effects of environmental and spatial variables. Land cover and water availability were the dominant environmental determinants of human settlement throughout the study period, supporting the theory of the presence of farming communities. Spatial clustering was mainly restricted to small spatial scales. Significant spatial clustering independent of environmental gradients was also detected which can be indicative of expansion into unsuitable areas or an unexpected absence in suitable areas which could be caused by dispersal limitation. Integrating historic settlement patterns as additional predictor variables resulted in more explained variation reflecting temporal autocorrelation in settlement locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Vandam
- Sagalassos Archaeological Research Project, Faculty of Arts, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Buschke FT, Esterhuyse S, Kemp ME, Seaman MT, Brendonck L, Vanschoenwinkel B. The dynamics of mountain rock pools – Are aquatic and terrestrial habitats alternative stable states? ACTA OECOLOGICA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2012.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Sciullo L, Kolasa J. Linking local community structure to the dispersal of aquatic invertebrate species in a rock pool metacommunity. COMMUNITY ECOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1556/comec.13.2012.2.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Lindström ES, Langenheder S. Local and regional factors influencing bacterial community assembly. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2012; 4:1-9. [PMID: 23757223 DOI: 10.1111/j.1758-2229.2011.00257.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The classical view states that microbial biogeography is not affected by dispersal barriers or historical events, but only influenced by the local contemporary habitat conditions (species sorting). This has been challenged during recent years by studies suggesting that also regional factors such as mass effect, dispersal limitation and neutral assembly are important for the composition of local bacterial communities. Here we summarize results from biogeography studies in different environments, i.e. in marine, freshwater and soil as well in human hosts. Species sorting appears to be the most important mechanism. However, this result might be biased since this is the mechanism that is easiest to measure, detect and interpret. Hence, the importance of regional factors may have been underestimated. Moreover, our survey indicates that different assembly mechanisms might be important for different parts of the total community, differing, for example, between generalists and specialists, and between taxa of different dispersal ability and motility. We conclude that there is a clear need for experimental studies, first, to clearly separate regional and local factors in order to study their relative importance, and second, to test whether there are differences in assembly mechanisms depending on different taxonomic or functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva S Lindström
- Limnology/Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18 D, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
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Diniz-Filho JAF, Siqueira T, Padial AA, Rangel TF, Landeiro VL, Bini LM. Spatial autocorrelation analysis allows disentangling the balance between neutral and niche processes in metacommunities. OIKOS 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2011.19563.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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McClain CR, Stegen JC, Hurlbert AH. Dispersal, environmental niches and oceanic-scale turnover in deep-sea bivalves. Proc Biol Sci 2011; 279:1993-2002. [PMID: 22189399 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2011.2166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Patterns of beta-diversity or distance decay at oceanic scales are completely unknown for deep-sea communities. Even when appropriate data exist, methodological problems have made it difficult to discern the relative roles of environmental filtering and dispersal limitation for generating faunal turnover patterns. Here, we combine a spatially extensive dataset on deep-sea bivalves with a model incorporating ecological dynamics and shared evolutionary history to quantify the effects of environmental filtering and dispersal limitation. Both the model and empirical data are used to relate functional, taxonomic and phylogenetic similarity between communities to environmental and spatial distances separating them for 270 sites across the Atlantic Ocean. This study represents the first ocean-wide analysis examining distance decay as a function of a broad suite of explanatory variables. We find that both strong environmental filtering and dispersal limitation drive turnover in taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic composition in deep-sea bivalves, explaining 26 per cent, 34 per cent and 9 per cent of the variation, respectively. This contrasts with previous suggestions that dispersal is not limiting in broad-scale biogeographic and biodiversity patterning in marine systems. However, rates of decay in similarity with environmental distance were eightfold to 44-fold steeper than with spatial distance. Energy availability is the most influential environmental variable evaluated, accounting for 3.9 per cent, 9.4 per cent and 22.3 per cent of the variation in functional, phylogenetic and taxonomic similarity, respectively. Comparing empirical patterns with process-based theoretical predictions provided quantitative estimates of dispersal limitation and niche breadth, indicating that 95 per cent of deep-sea bivalve propagules will be able to persist in environments that deviate from their optimum by up to 2.1 g m(-2) yr(-1) and typically disperse 749 km from their natal site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig R McClain
- National Evolutionary Synthesis Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA.
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Bagella S, Gascón S, Caria M, Sala J, Boix D. Cross-taxon congruence in Mediterranean temporary wetlands: vascular plants, crustaceans, and coleopterans. COMMUNITY ECOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1556/comec.12.2011.1.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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46
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Akasaka M, Takamura N. The relative importance of dispersal and the local environment for species richness in two aquatic plant growth forms. OIKOS 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2010.18497.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Vanschoenwinkel B, Waterkeyn A, Jocqué M, Boven L, Seaman M, Brendonck L. Species sorting in space and time—the impact of disturbance regime on community assembly in a temporary pool metacommunity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1899/09-114.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bram Vanschoenwinkel
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Ch. Deberiotstraat 32, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Aline Waterkeyn
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Ch. Deberiotstraat 32, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Merlijn Jocqué
- Central Laboratory of General Ecology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Yurii Gagarin Street, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Liesbet Boven
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Ch. Deberiotstraat 32, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maitland Seaman
- Centre for Environmental Management, University of the Free State, Mandela Drive, 9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Luc Brendonck
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Ch. Deberiotstraat 32, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Howeth JG, Leibold MA. Species dispersal rates alter diversity and ecosystem stability in pond metacommunities. Ecology 2010; 91:2727-41. [DOI: 10.1890/09-1004.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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49
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No evidence for environmental and spatial processes in structuring phytoplankton communities. ACTA OECOLOGICA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2009.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Pandit SN, Kolasa J, Cottenie K. Contrasts between habitat generalists and specialists: an empirical extension to the basic metacommunity framework. Ecology 2009; 90:2253-62. [DOI: 10.1890/08-0851.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 330] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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