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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Besra L, Sachan S, Kar HK, Devi BK. Clinico-Epidemiological Profile of Allergic Contact Dermatitis and Its Correlation With Patch Testing in a Tertiary Care Center in Eastern India. Cureus 2022; 14:e32119. [PMID: 36601177 PMCID: PMC9805537 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.32119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is one of the most common skin disorders seen among patients attending dermatology clinics in India. Patch testing is the gold standard for diagnosing ACD. The clinical-epidemiological pattern of ACD and the allergen-causing it may be different in different geographic locations. Finding the profile of allergens commonly causing ACD in a particular region will help to formulate prevention strategies for the development of ACD. AIM AND OBJECTIVE The primary aim of the study was to find out the clinical-epidemiological distribution of allergic contact dermatitis and to identify the common allergens causing it by patch testing in this region of India. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 111 cases of ACD were included in the study. Clinico epidemiological profiles of all patients were documented. The patch testing was performed in the outpatient department using the antigens of the Indian Standard Series kit (Systopic Laboratories Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, India). Patches were removed after 48 hours (two days) of application. The first reading was taken 15 to 20 minutes after the removal of patches on day two. A second reading was taken on day four (96 hours of application) to confirm the presence of an allergic reaction. Results: The patch test was found to be positive in 69% of cases. It was observed that male persons from lower socioeconomic status were getting ACD on most accounts. Potassium dichromate (PDC) was found to be the most common allergen (30.43%) followed by parthenium (26.08%), para-phenylenediamine (PPD) (21.73%), nickel sulfate (18.84%), chlorocresol (15.94%), black rubber (14.49%), cobalt sulfate (13.04%), and wool alcohols (7.24%) respectively. CONCLUSION Our study showed potassium dichromate is the commonest allergen causing ACD in this part of the country. The importance of patch testing lies mainly in educating the patient regarding the avoidance of exposure to particular allergens to avoid the development of new ACD as well as an exaggeration of pre-existing ACD.
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Kaur L, Malhi DS, Cooper R, Kaur M, Sohal HS, Mutreja V, Sharma A. Comprehensive review on ethnobotanical uses, phytochemistry, biological potential and toxicology of Parthenium hysterophorus L.: A journey from noxious weed to a therapeutic medicinal plant. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 281:114525. [PMID: 34411657 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNO-PHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Parthenium hysterophorus L. is a noxious weed and a species of flowering plant in the Asteraceae family. It is regarded as the seventh most deadly weed in the world: harmful to both humans and livestock. It is widely known as Congress Grass or Feverfew. Despite its pitfalls, P. hysterophorus bestows medicinal effects. Although prolific in nature and difficult to control, many novel applications of this controversial herb have been discovered as an approach to manage the weed. AIM The current review aims to compile all the ethnobotanical, phytochemistry, biological activities and utilities, clinical studies and toxicity data available on P. hysterophorus and its major chemical constituent parthenin. MATERIALS AND METHODS Extensive literature surveyed Google search, Google scholar, Wiley online library, Elsevier, Springer, Science direct, American Chemical Society, Royal Society of Chemistry and Research Gate. RESULT According to the study, P. hysterophorus is utilized as a traditional medicine throughout Central America and the Caribbean. It can be used to treat skin infections, dermatitis, amoebic dysentery, and as an analgesic in the treatment of muscular rheumatism. The extracts obtained from P. hysterophorus have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, larvicidal, anti-microbial, insecticidal, hypoglycaemic and anti-cancer activity. CONCLUSION The earlier investigations confirmed that P. hysterophorus has numerous traditional and biological applications. However, the scientific data are limited in clinical and toxicological studies. Therefore, further research is required on clinical and toxicological aspects to understand the complete potential and effects of P. hysterophorus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loveleen Kaur
- Medicinal and Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University Institute of Sciences, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, 140413, India
| | - Dharambeer Singh Malhi
- Medicinal and Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University Institute of Sciences, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, 140413, India
| | - Raymond Cooper
- Dept Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Manvinder Kaur
- Medicinal and Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University Institute of Sciences, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, 140413, India
| | - Harvinder Singh Sohal
- Medicinal and Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University Institute of Sciences, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, 140413, India
| | - Vishal Mutreja
- Medicinal and Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University Institute of Sciences, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, 140413, India
| | - Ajay Sharma
- Medicinal and Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University Institute of Sciences, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, 140413, India.
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Parthenin-A Sesquiterpene Lactone with Multifaceted Biological Activities: Insights and Prospects. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175347. [PMID: 34500778 PMCID: PMC8434391 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Parthenin, a sesquiterpene lactone of pseudoguaianolide type, is the representative secondary metabolite of the tropical weed Parthenium hysterophorus (Asteraceae). It accounts for a multitude of biological activities, including toxicity, allergenicity, allelopathy, and pharmacological aspects of the plant. Thus far, parthenin and its derivatives have been tested for chemotherapeutic abilities, medicinal properties, and herbicidal/pesticidal activities. However, due to the lack of toxicity–bioactivity relationship studies, the versatile properties of parthenin are relatively less utilised. The possibility of exploiting parthenin in different scientific fields (e.g., chemistry, medicine, and agriculture) makes it a subject of analytical discussion. The present review highlights the multifaceted uses of parthenin, on-going research, constraints in the practical applicability, and the possible workarounds for its successful utilisation. The main aim of this comprehensive discussion is to bring parthenin to the attention of researchers, pharmacologists, natural product chemists, and chemical biologists and to open the door for its multidimensional applications.
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Adverse Skin Reactions to Plants and Plant Products. Contact Dermatitis 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-36335-2_88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Lovell C, Paulsen E, Lepoittevin JP. Adverse Skin Reactions to Plants and Plant Products. Contact Dermatitis 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-72451-5_88-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Lovell C, Paulsen E, Lepoittevin JP. Plants and Plant Products. Contact Dermatitis 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-72451-5_88-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Stanley Xavier A, Selvarajan S, Chandrasekar L, Kamalanathan S. Effect of Cholecalciferol Supplementation on Treatment Response and IL-10 Level in Vitamin D Deficient Parthenium Dermatitis Patients: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial. J Diet Suppl 2019; 17:415-428. [PMID: 31124381 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2019.1619009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Allergic contact dermatitis following exposure to Parthenium is a chronic disease associated with frequent relapses and significant disturbance in the quality of life. The affected patients have lower circulating levels and decreased expression of IL-10. Hence, measures to increase its level may enhance the therapeutic outcome. The clinical trial was undertaken to evaluate the effect of cholecalciferol supplementation on treatment response and IL-10 level in Parthenium dermatitis patients with vitamin D deficiency. A total of 72 patients were recruited and randomized to receive either cholecalciferol tablet 60,000 IU per week or matching placebo for 8 weeks with standard background treatment. Eczema Area Severity Index (EASI) and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) were assessed at baseline, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks while IL-10 and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were measured at baseline and 8 weeks. Levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and IL-10 showed a significant rise in both placebo and vitamin D groups following the intervention. The relatively higher increase in IL-10 level observed in the vitamin D group was statistically insignificant compared to placebo group. Significant reduction in EASI, as well as DLQI scores, was noted after 1 and 2 months, but the reduction in these scales was not significantly different between the groups. Cholecalciferol supplementation for 2 months did not reduce the disease severity in clinically diagnosed Parthenium dermatitis patients. However, treatment initiation significantly improved plasma IL-10 levels after 2 months in both placebo and cholecalciferol groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alphienes Stanley Xavier
- Department of Pharmacology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai, India
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Photodermatoses in the Pigmented Skin. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 996:111-122. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-56017-5_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Kumar S, Srivastava A, Jaidi M, Chauhan PS, Raj SK. Molecular Characterization of a Begomovirus, α-Satellite, and β-Satellite Associated with Leaf Curl Disease of Parthenium hysterophorus in India. PLANT DISEASE 2016; 100:2299-2305. [PMID: 30682918 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-09-15-0982-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Parthenium hysterophorus plants exhibiting severe leaf curl and stunting symptoms were observed near agriculture fields in Lucknow, India. The association of a begomovirus, β-satellite, and α-satellite with these symptoms of a Parthenium disease was investigated by sequence analyses of virus and satellite DNA amplified by rolling circle amplification and polymerase chain reaction. The highest sequence identities and closest phylogenetic relationships for the begomovirus, β-satellite, and α-satellite detected in P. hysterophorus plants were to Tomato leaf curl virus (ToLCV), papaya leaf curl β-satellite (PaLCuB), and Ageratum yellow vein India α-satellite (AYVIA), respectively. These findings identified the virus and satellites infecting the Parthenium sp. as ToLCV, PaLCuB, and AYVIA, respectively. P. hysterophorus and tomato seedlings infected with cloned ToLCV, PaLCuB, and AYVIA by agroinoculation developed leaf curl symptoms, whereas plants infected with ToLCV alone or with ToLCV and AYVIA developed mild yellowing. The results show that this complex infects and causes disease in P. hysterophorus and tomato. P. hysterophorus is an invasive weed commonly found around agricultural fields and along roadsides in India. These results indicate that P. hysterophorus plants infected with ToLCV and associated satellite DNA act as an alternate host (reservoir), and that could lead to increased incidence of tomato leaf curl disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susheel Kumar
- Plant Molecular Virology Laboratory, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Lucknow-226001, U.P., India
| | - Ashish Srivastava
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus; and Plant Molecular Virology Laboratory, CSIR-NBRI, Lucknow-226001, U.P., India
| | - Meraj Jaidi
- Division of Plant-Microbe Interactions, CSIR-NBRI, Lucknow-226001, U.P., India
| | | | - S K Raj
- Plant Molecular Virology Laboratory, CSIR-NBRI, Lucknow-226001, U.P., India
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Sharma VK, Bhari N, Wadhwani AR, Bhatia R. Photo-patch and patch tests in patients with dermatitis over the photo-exposed areas: A study of 101 cases from a tertiary care centre in India. Australas J Dermatol 2016; 59:e1-e5. [DOI: 10.1111/ajd.12504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Kumar Sharma
- Dermatology and Venereology; All India Institute of Medical Sciences; New Delhi India
| | - Neetu Bhari
- Dermatology and Venereology; All India Institute of Medical Sciences; New Delhi India
| | | | - Riti Bhatia
- Dermatology and Venereology; All India Institute of Medical Sciences; New Delhi India
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Abstract
Background: The photopatch test is used to detect photoallergic reactions to various antigens such as sunscreens and drugs. Photosensitive dermatitis can be caused due to antigens like parthenium, fragrances, rubbers and metals. The photopatch test does not contain these antigens. Therefore, the Indian Standard Series (ISS) along with the Standard photopatch series from Chemotechnique Diagnostics, Sweden was used to detect light induced antigens. Aim: To detect light induced antigens in patients with photosensitive dermatitis. Methods: This study was done in a descriptive, observer blinded manner. Photopatch test and ISS were applied in duplicate on the patient's back by the standard method. After 24 hours, readings were recorded according to ICDRG criteria. One side was closed and other side irradiated with 14 J/cm2 of UVA and a second set of readings were recorded after 48 hrs. Result: The highest positivity was obtained with parthenium, with 18 out of 35 (51%) patients showing a positive patch test reaction with both photoallergic contact dermatitis and photoaggravation. Four patients (11%) showed positive patch test reaction suggestive of contact dermatitis to potassium dichromate and fragrance mix. Six patients had contact dermatitis to numerous antigens such as nickel, cobalt, chinoform and para-phenylenediamine. None of these patients showed photoaggravation on patch testing. Conclusion: Parthenium was found to cause photoallergy, contact dermatitis with photoaggravation and contact allergy. Hence, photopatch test and UV irradiated patch test can be an important tool to detect light induced antigens in patients with photosensitive dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena Rai
- Department of Dermatology, PSG Hospitals, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Maria Thomas
- Department of Dermatology, PSG Hospitals, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Bhatia R, Sharma VK, Ramam M, Sethuraman G, Yadav CP. Clinical profile and quality of life of patients with occupational contact dermatitis from New Delhi, India. Contact Dermatitis 2015; 73:172-81. [PMID: 25990826 DOI: 10.1111/cod.12411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data regarding occupational contact dermatitis (OCD) and its effect on quality of life (QOL) in India are limited. OBJECTIVES/AIMS To evaluate patients with OCD and record the outcome of treatment. PATIENTS/MATERIALS/METHODS All patients with OCD were evaluated for severity of disease (by the use of physician global assessment) and its effect on QOL (by use of the Dermatology Life Quality Index) questionnaire) at the first visit and after 3 months of treatment. RESULTS Among 117 patients with OCD, hand eczema was present in 81.2%. Positive patch test reactions were found in 76%. The most common allergens were Parthenium hysterophorus and potassium dichromate. The most frequent diagnosis was occupational allergic contact dermatitis (OACD) (57%), caused by farming and construction work, followed by occupational irritant contact dermatitis (OICD) (24%), caused by wet work. Severe psychosocial distress was recorded in 62.5% of patients. After 3 months of treatment, 83% improved significantly, and 54% had improvement in QOL. CONCLUSIONS Farmers were most frequently affected, followed by construction workers and housewives. OACD was found at a higher frequency than OICD. The most frequent allergens were Parthenium hysterophorus in farmers, potassium dichromate in construction workers, and vegetables in housewives. OCD has a significant impact on QOL. Patch testing, in addition to standard treatment, improves the outcome considerably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riti Bhatia
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Vinod K Sharma
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - M Ramam
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Gomathy Sethuraman
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Chander P Yadav
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
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Bisen N, Shenoi SD, Balachandran C. Aeroallergen patch testing in patients of suspected contact dermatitis. Indian J Dermatol 2014; 59:252-6. [PMID: 24891655 PMCID: PMC4037945 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5154.131386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aeroallergens are airborne substances present in the environment with the potential to trigger an allergic reaction in the respiratory tract, mucosae, or skin of susceptible individuals. The relevance of aeroallergens in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis has been reported by many investigators. However, very few studies have been conducted to investigate their role in the production of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). AIMS To determine the prevalence of aeroallergen patch test positivity in patients of suspected ACD and to study the clinical characteristics of patients testing positive with aeroallergens. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients presenting to our department with suspected contact allergy and undergoing patch testing with Indian Standard Series (ISS) between January 2010 and June 2011 were studied. After a detailed history and clinical examination, patients were patch tested with ISS and aeroallergen series. Based on the history and clinical suspicion, patients were additionally patch tested with 15% Parthenium. Prior tape stripping was done in some patients. RESULTS Out of total 114 patients, 26 (22.8%) showed sensitivity to aeroallergen series. Parthenium was the commonest aeroallergen being positive in all 26 patients followed by Xanthium in two. None reacted to other allergens. Although positivity was more in patients with prior tape stripping, the difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION Most common aeroallergen found to be positive in our study was Parthenium hysterophorus. In view of low positivity to other allergens, routine aeroallergen patch testing in patients with suspected contact dermatitis may not be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelee Bisen
- Department of Dermatology, Father Muller Medical College, Kankanady, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | - C Balachandran
- Department of Dermatology, Kasturba Hospital, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Mahajan VK, Sharma V, Gupta M, Chauhan PS, Mehta KS, Garg S. Parthenium dermatitis: is parthenolide an effective choice for patch testing? Contact Dermatitis 2014; 70:340-3. [PMID: 24617958 DOI: 10.1111/cod.12194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vikram K. Mahajan
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy; Dr R. P. Govt. Medical College; Kangra (Tanda) 176001 India
| | - Vikas Sharma
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy; Dr R. P. Govt. Medical College; Kangra (Tanda) 176001 India
| | - Mrinal Gupta
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy; Dr R. P. Govt. Medical College; Kangra (Tanda) 176001 India
| | - Pushpinder S. Chauhan
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy; Dr R. P. Govt. Medical College; Kangra (Tanda) 176001 India
| | - Karaninder S. Mehta
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy; Dr R. P. Govt. Medical College; Kangra (Tanda) 176001 India
| | - Swati Garg
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy; Dr R. P. Govt. Medical College; Kangra (Tanda) 176001 India
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Abstract
Photodermatoses are a group of skin diseases primarily caused by, or exacerbated by exposure to ultraviolet and or visible radiation. The effect of sunlight on skin depends on a number of factors including skin colour, skin phototype and the content and type of melanin in the skin. There are only a few studies describing photodermatoses in populations with dark skin. A PubMed search was conducted to summarize currently available information on differences in biology of melanin in dark and light skin and photodermatoses in dark skin. Dark skin is characterised by higher content of melanin, higher eumelanin to pheomelanin ratio, lower tyrosinase activity, and more effective distribution of melanin for protection against ultraviolet light. Photodermatoses are common in dark skinned patients with some variation in the spectrum of photodermatoses. Polymorphous light eruption (PMLE) is the commonest, followed by chronic actinic dermatitis. Pin-point papular and lichenoid variants of PMLE and actinic lichen planus are more frequent in dark skin whereas actinic prurigo, solar urticaria and hydroa vacciniforme are uncommon. Photodermatoses are common in dark skinned patients despite better natural photoprotection. It is proposed that lichenoid photodermatoses may be added to the classification of photodermatoses in dark skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Kumar Sharma
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi-110029, India.
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Abstract
Parthenium dermatitis is a distressing dermatitis caused by the air borne allergen of the Compositae weed Parthenium hysterophorus. Uncommon presentations, newer insights in pathogenesis and management of this "scourge" are discussed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chembolli Lakshmi
- Department of Dermatology, PSG Hospitals and PSGIMSR, Coimbatore – 641 004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - CR Srinivas
- Department of Dermatology, PSG Hospitals and PSGIMSR, Coimbatore – 641 004, Tamil Nadu, India
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Harmful and beneficial aspects of Parthenium hysterophorus: an update. 3 Biotech 2011; 1:1-9. [PMID: 22558530 PMCID: PMC3339593 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-011-0007-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2010] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Parthenium hysterophorus is a noxious weed in America, Asia, Africa and Australia. This weed is considered to be a cause of allergic respiratory problems, contact dermatitis, mutagenicity in human and livestock. Crop production is drastically reduced owing to its allelopathy. Also aggressive dominance of this weed threatens biodiversity. Eradication of P. hysterophorus by burning, chemical herbicides, eucalyptus oil and biological control by leaf-feeding beetle, stem-galling moth, stem-boring weevil and fungi have been carried out with variable degrees of success. Recently many innovative uses of this hitherto notorious plant have been discovered. Parthenium hysterophorus confers many health benefits, viz remedy for skin inflammation, rheumatic pain, diarrhoea, urinary tract infections, dysentery, malaria and neuralgia. Its prospect as nano-medicine is being carried out with some preliminary success so far. Removal of heavy metals and dye from the environment, eradication of aquatic weeds, use as substrate for commercial enzyme production, additives in cattle manure for biogas production, as biopesticide, as green manure and compost are to name a few of some other potentials. The active compounds responsible for hazardous properties have been summarized. The aim of this review article is to explore the problem P. hysterophorus poses as a weed, the effective control measures that can be implemented as well as to unravel the latent beneficial prospects of this weed.
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Agarwal KK, D'Souza M. Airborne contact dermatitis induced by parthenium: a study of 50 cases in South India. Clin Exp Dermatol 2009; 34:e4-6. [PMID: 19040516 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2008.02960.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Airborne contact dermatitis (ABCD) is a commonly occurring form of allergic contact dermatitis with varied aetiology, often posing a diagnostic challenge in management. A study was carried out on patients with a clinical picture and history consistent with ABCD due to exposure to Parthenium hysterophorus (parthenium weed), who were patch tested. There were 50 patients with parthenium-induced ABCD (36 men and 14 women; age range 24-75 years). The majority (90%) of the patients were farmers and most of the patients (74.5%) had exacerbations during summer. The most common type of dermatitis was the classic pattern (46%) followed by the mixed pattern (30%), erythroderma (14%) and chronic actinic dermatitis (10%). Of the 40 cases patch tested with the Indian standard series of antigens, 36 (90%) cases had patch-test results positive for parthenium.
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Agarwal
- Department of Dermatology and Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
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Eficacia del Orbscan II y Pentacam en la evaluación de los mapas de elevación en candidatos a cirugía refractiva mediante un análisis de repetibilidad. BIOMEDICA 2009. [DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.v29i3.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Agarwal KK, Kumar Nath A, Jaisankar TJ, D’Souza M. Parthenium dermatitis presenting as erythroderma. Contact Dermatitis 2008; 59:182-3. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.2008.01392.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Sethuraman G, Bansal A, Sharma VK, Verma KK. Seborrhoeic pattern of parthenium dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 2008; 58:372-4. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.2007.01300.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Killoran CE, Crawford GH, Pedvis-Leftick A. Two cases of compositae dermatitis exacerbated by moisturizer containing feverfew. Dermatitis 2008; 18:225-9. [PMID: 18021604 DOI: 10.2310/6620.2007.06063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A 45-year-old woman presented in October 2005 with a history of an eruption involving her scalp and face, including her eyelids and behind her ears. The eruption began at the end of August. It flared after she used a calming moisturizer containing feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium). A second patient, a 25-year-old woman, presented complaining of a 1-month history of an eruption around the eyes that started after she began using a moisturizer containing feverfew. Both patients were patch-tested with the North American Contact Dermatitis Group series, cosmetic and plant series, and their own skin care products. Patient 1 had a + reaction to sesquiterpene lactone mix, a + reaction to Compositae mix, a + reaction to parthenolide, a + reaction to Tanacetum vulgare, and a + reaction to the calming moisturizer. Patient 2 had + reactions to sesquiterpene lactone, Compositae mix, and the same calming moisturizer. It is thought that both of these eruptions are a result of contact dermatitis from the Compositae plant family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina E Killoran
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Surgery, Roger Williams Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
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Lakshmi C, Srinivas CR, Chinnusamy C. Retention of allergic potential of parthenium following composting. Contact Dermatitis 2008; 57:348-9. [PMID: 17937756 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.2007.01137.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chembolli Lakshmi
- Department of Dermatology, PSG Hospitals, Peelamedu, Coimbatore 641 004, Tamil Nadu, India
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Thyssen JP, Linneberg A, Menné T, Johansen JD. The epidemiology of contact allergy in the general population--prevalence and main findings. Contact Dermatitis 2008; 57:287-99. [PMID: 17937743 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.2007.01220.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 449] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A substantial number of studies have investigated the prevalence of contact allergy in the general population and in unselected subgroups of the general population. The aim of this review was to determine a median prevalence and summarize the main findings from studies on contact allergy in the general population. Published research mainly originates from North America and Western Europe. The median prevalence of contact allergy to at least 1 allergen was 21.2% (range 12.5-40.6%), and the weighted average prevalence was 19.5%, based on data collected on all age groups and all countries between 1966 and 2007. The most prevalent contact allergens were nickel, thimerosal, and fragrance mix. The median nickel allergy prevalence was 8.6% (range 0.7-27.8%) and demonstrates that nickel was an important cause of contact allergy in the general population and that it was widespread in both men and women. Numerous studies demonstrated that pierced ears were a significant risk factor for nickel allergy. Nickel was a risk factor for hand eczema in women. Finally, heavy smoking was associated with contact allergy, mostly in women. Population-based epidemiological studies are considered a prerequisite in the surveillance of national and international contact allergy epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Pontoppidan Thyssen
- National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Dermatology, Gentofte University Hospital, 1. 2820 Gentofte, Denmark.
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Abstract
Reports on airborne dermatoses are mainly published in the context of occupational settings. Hence, in recent years, dermatologists and also occupational physicians have become increasingly aware of the airborne source of contact dermatitis, resulting mainly from exposure to irritants or allergens. However, their occurrence is still underestimated, because reports often omit the term 'airborne' in relation to dust or volatile allergens. For the present update, we screened the journals 'Contact Dermatitis' (July 2000 to December 2006); 'Dermatitis', formerly named 'American Journal of Contact Dermatitis'; 'La Lettre du Gerda' (January 2000 to December 2006); and also included relevant articles from other journals published during the same period. This resulted in an updated list of airborne dermatitis causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Santos
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital de Curry Cabral, P-1069-166 Lisboa, Portugal
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Abstract
Patients with parthenium dermatitis are often unresponsive to topical steroids, and immunosuppressive agents may be necessary to reduce their need for systemic corticosteroids. We evaluated the efficacy of methotrexate in parthenium dermatitis. Sixteen patients unresponsive to topical treatment were included after baseline investigations, and treated with oral methotrexate (15 mg/week). Clinical response was monitored using a dermatitis area and severity index (DASI). Seven patients completed >or=6 months' follow-up, and their mean DASI fell to 5, 2.7 and 2.1 at the end of 1, 3 and 6 months respectively, from a baseline score of 10. Only 3/7 patients required oral prednisolone in the initial 2-4 weeks. Side effects were minor, being mainly folliculitis and furuncles. Methotrexate may hence be a useful alternative for patients with severe parthenium dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod K Sharma
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.
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Abstract
Our aim was to evaluate the usefulness of TROLAB photopatch test series (supplemented with the plant extracts). 70 patients with dermatitis on photoexposed areas or dermatitis with photosensitivity were studied. Only 2 patients had photocontact allergy - 1 each to fragrance mix 8% and p-aminobenzoic acid 10%. Photocontact allergy to parthenium was seen in 4 and photoaggravation in 6 patients. Our results suggest that the TROLAB photopatch series are not useful for Indian patients with photodematoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod K Sharma
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, India.
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