1
|
Larbi A. From Genesis to Old Age: Exploring the Immune System One Cell at a Time with Flow Cytometry. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1469. [PMID: 39062042 PMCID: PMC11275137 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12071469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The immune system is a highly complex and tightly regulated system that plays a crucial role in protecting the body against external threats, such as pathogens, and internal abnormalities, like cancer cells. It undergoes development during fetal stages and continuously learns from each encounter with pathogens, allowing it to develop immunological memory and provide a wide range of immune protection. Over time, after numerous encounters and years of functioning, the immune system can begin to show signs of erosion, which is commonly named immunosenescence. In this review, we aim to explore how the immune system responds to initial encounters with antigens and how it handles persistent stimulations throughout a person's lifetime. Our understanding of the immune system has greatly benefited from advanced technologies like flow cytometry. In this context, we will discuss the valuable contribution of flow cytometry in enhancing our knowledge of the immune system behavior in aging, with a specific focus on T-cells. Moreover, we will expand our discussion to the flow cytometry-based assessment of extracellular vesicles, a recently discovered communication channel in biology, and their implications for immune system functioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anis Larbi
- Medical and Scientific Affairs, Beckman Coulter Life Sciences, 22 Avenue des Nations, 93420 Villepinte, France;
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Guan Y, Cao M, Wu X, Yan J, Hao Y, Zhang C. CD28 null T cells in aging and diseases: From biology to assessment and intervention. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 131:111807. [PMID: 38471362 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
CD28null T cells, an atypical subset characterized by the loss of CD28 costimulatory molecule expression, exhibit functional variants and progressively expand with age. Moreover, T cells with these phenotypes are found in both typical and atypical humoral immune responses. Consequently, they accumulate during infectious diseases, autoimmune disorders, cardiovascular conditions, and neurodegenerative ailments. To provide an in-depth review of the current knowledge regarding CD28null T cells, we specifically focus on their phenotypic and functional characteristics as well as their physiological roles in aging and diseases. While uncertainties regarding the clinical utility remains, we will review the following two crucial research perspectives to explore clinical translational applications of the research on this specific T cell subset: 1) addressing the potential utility of CD28null T cells as immunological markers for prognosis and adverse outcomes in both aging and disease, and 2) speculating on the potential of targeting CD28null T cells as an interventional strategy for preventing or delaying immune aging processes and disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Guan
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ming Cao
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiaofen Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jinhua Yan
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yi Hao
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Cuntai Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Guo L, Liu X, Su X. The role of TEMRA cell-mediated immune senescence in the development and treatment of HIV disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1284293. [PMID: 37901239 PMCID: PMC10602809 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1284293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has plagued human society for a long time since its discovery, causing a large number of patients to suffer and costing hundreds of millions of medical services every year. Scientists have found that HIV and antiretroviral therapy accelerate immune aging by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction, and that terminal effector memory T cells (TEMRA cells) are crucial in immune aging. This specific subset of effector memory T cells has terminally differentiated properties and exhibits high cytotoxicity and proinflammatory capacity. We therefore explored and described the interplay between exhaustion features, essential markers, functions, and signaling pathways from previous studies on HIV, antiretroviral therapy, immune senescence, and TEMRA cells. Their remarkable antiviral capacity is then highlighted by elucidating phenotypic changes in TEMRA cells during HIV infection, describing changes in TEMRA cells before, during, and after antiretroviral therapy and other drug treatments. Their critical role in complications and cytomegalovirus (CMV)-HIV superinfection is highlighted. These studies demonstrate that TEMRA cells play a key role in the antiviral response and immune senescence during HIV infection. Finally, we review current therapeutic strategies targeting TEMRA cells that may be clinically beneficial, highlight their potential role in HIV-1 vaccine development, and provide perspectives and predictions for related future applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Guo
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shen Yang, China
| | - Xudong Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shen Yang, China
| | - Xin Su
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Slaets H, Fonteyn L, Eijnde BO, Hellings N. Train your T cells: How skeletal muscles and T cells keep each other fit during aging. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 110:237-244. [PMID: 36893922 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Frailty and a failing immune system lead to significant morbidities in the final years of life and bring along a significant burden on healthcare systems. The good news is that regular exercise provides an effective countermeasure for losing muscle tissue when we age while supporting proper immune system functioning. For a long time, it was assumed that exercise-induced immune responses are predominantly mediated by myeloid cells, but it has become evident that they receive important help from T lymphocytes. Skeletal muscles and T cells interact, not only in muscle pathology but also during exercise. In this review article, we provide an overview of the most important aspects of T cell senescence and discuss how these are modulated by exercise. In addition, we describe how T cells are involved in muscle regeneration and growth. A better understanding of the complex interactions between myocytes and T cells throughout all stages of life provides important insights needed to design strategies that effectively combat the wave of age-related diseases the world is currently faced with.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helena Slaets
- Neuro-Immune Connections and Repair Lab, Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Lena Fonteyn
- Neuro-Immune Connections and Repair Lab, Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium; SMRC - Sports Medical Research Center, BIOMED Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Bert O Eijnde
- SMRC - Sports Medical Research Center, BIOMED Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Niels Hellings
- Neuro-Immune Connections and Repair Lab, Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium; UMSC - University MS Center, Campus Diepenbeek, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Heterogeneity and transcriptome changes of human CD8 + T cells across nine decades of life. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5128. [PMID: 36050300 PMCID: PMC9436929 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32869-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The decline of CD8+ T cell functions contributes to deteriorating health with aging, but the mechanisms that underlie this phenomenon are not well understood. We use single-cell RNA sequencing with both cross-sectional and longitudinal samples to assess how human CD8+ T cell heterogeneity and transcriptomes change over nine decades of life. Eleven subpopulations of CD8+ T cells and their dynamic changes with age are identified. Age-related changes in gene expression result from changes in the percentage of cells expressing a given transcript, quantitative changes in the transcript level, or a combination of these two. We develop a machine learning model capable of predicting the age of individual cells based on their transcriptomic features, which are closely associated with their differentiation and mutation burden. Finally, we validate this model in two separate contexts of CD8+ T cell aging: HIV infection and CAR T cell expansion in vivo. The characterisation of T cells during aging is important to predict functional outcomes in vaccination or infection. Here the authors use flow cytometry and scRNA sequencing to transcriptionally age CD8 T cells and then use a machine learning model to interpret cell age from transcriptional profiles.
Collapse
|
6
|
Tian W, Zhang T, Wang X, Zhang J, Ju J, Xu H. Global research trends in atherosclerosis: A bibliometric and visualized study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:956482. [PMID: 36082127 PMCID: PMC9445883 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.956482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundIncreasing evidence has spurred a considerable evolution of concepts related to atherosclerosis, prompting the need to provide a comprehensive view of the growing literature. By retrieving publications in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) of Clarivate Analytics, we conducted a bibliometric analysis of the scientific literature on atherosclerosis to describe the research landscape.MethodsA search was conducted of the WoSCC for articles and reviews serving exclusively as a source of information on atherosclerosis published between 2012 and 2022. Microsoft Excel 2019 was used to chart the annual productivity of research relevant to atherosclerosis. Through CiteSpace and VOSviewer, the most prolific countries or regions, authors, journals, and resource-, intellectual-, and knowledge-sharing in atherosclerosis research, as well as co-citation analysis of references and keywords, were analyzed.ResultsA total of 20,014 publications were retrieved. In terms of publications, the United States remains the most productive country (6,390, 31,93%). The most publications have been contributed by Johns Hopkins Univ (730, 3.65%). ALVARO ALONSO produced the most published works (171, 0.85%). With a betweenness centrality of 0.17, ERIN D MICHOS was the most influential author. The most prolific journal was identified as Atherosclerosis (893, 4.46%). Circulation received the most co-citations (14,939, 2.79%). Keywords with the ongoing strong citation bursts were “nucleotide-binding oligomerization (NOD), Leucine-rich repeat (LRR)-containing protein (NLRP3) inflammasome,” “short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs),” “exosome,” and “homeostasis,” etc.ConclusionThe research on atherosclerosis is driven mostly by North America and Europe. Intensive research has focused on the link between inflammation and atherosclerosis, as well as its complications. Specifically, the NLRP3 inflammasome, interleukin-1β, gut microbiota and SCFAs, exosome, long non-coding RNAs, autophagy, and cellular senescence were described to be hot issues in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wende Tian
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tai Zhang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jianqing Ju
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jianqing Ju,
| | - Hao Xu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Hao Xu,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Vyborova A, Janssen A, Gatti L, Karaiskaki F, Yonika A, van Dooremalen S, Sanders J, Beringer DX, Straetemans T, Sebestyen Z, Kuball J. γ9δ2 T-Cell Expansion and Phenotypic Profile Are Reflected in the CDR3δ Repertoire of Healthy Adults. Front Immunol 2022; 13:915366. [PMID: 35874769 PMCID: PMC9301380 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.915366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
γ9δ2T cells fill a distinct niche in human immunity due to the unique physiology of the phosphoantigen-reactive γ9δ2TCR. Here, we highlight reproducible TCRδ complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3δ) repertoire patterns associated with γ9δ2T cell proliferation and phenotype, thus providing evidence for the role of the CDR3δ in modulating in vivo T-cell responses. Features that determine γ9δ2TCR binding affinity and reactivity to the phosphoantigen-induced ligand in vitro appear to similarly underpin in vivo clonotypic expansion and differentiation. Likewise, we identify a CDR3δ bias in the γ9δ2T cell natural killer receptor (NKR) landscape. While expression of the inhibitory receptor CD94/NKG2A is skewed toward cells bearing putative high-affinity TCRs, the activating receptor NKG2D is expressed independently of the phosphoantigen-sensing determinants, suggesting a higher net NKR activating signal in T cells with TCRs of low affinity. This study establishes consistent repertoire–phenotype associations and justifies stratification for the T-cell phenotype in future research on γ9δ2TCR repertoire dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Vyborova
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Anke Janssen
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Lucrezia Gatti
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Froso Karaiskaki
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Austin Yonika
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Sanne van Dooremalen
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jasper Sanders
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Dennis X. Beringer
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Trudy Straetemans
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Zsolt Sebestyen
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jürgen Kuball
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Jürgen Kuball,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
CD8 + T Cell Senescence: Lights and Shadows in Viral Infections, Autoimmune Disorders and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063374. [PMID: 35328795 PMCID: PMC8955595 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T lymphocytes are a heterogeneous class of cells that play a crucial role in the adaptive immune response against pathogens and cancer. During their lifetime, they acquire cytotoxic functions to ensure the clearance of infected or transformed cells and, in addition, they turn into memory lymphocytes, thus providing a long-term protection. During ageing, the thymic involution causes a reduction of circulating T cells and an enrichment of memory cells, partially explaining the lowering of the response towards novel antigens with implications in vaccine efficacy. Moreover, the persistent stimulation by several antigens throughout life favors the switching of CD8+ T cells towards a senescent phenotype contributing to a low-grade inflammation that is a major component of several ageing-related diseases. In genetically predisposed young people, an immunological stress caused by viral infections (e.g., HIV, CMV, SARS-CoV-2), autoimmune disorders or tumor microenvironment (TME) could mimic the ageing status with the consequent acceleration of T cell senescence. This, in turn, exacerbates the inflamed conditions with dramatic effects on the clinical progression of the disease. A better characterization of the phenotype as well as the functions of senescent CD8+ T cells can be pivotal to prevent age-related diseases, to improve vaccine strategies and, possibly, immunotherapies in autoimmune diseases and cancer.
Collapse
|
9
|
Perdaens O, van Pesch V. Molecular Mechanisms of Immunosenescene and Inflammaging: Relevance to the Immunopathogenesis and Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis. Front Neurol 2022; 12:811518. [PMID: 35281989 PMCID: PMC8913495 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.811518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is characterized, amongst other features, by a complex process of cellular senescence involving both innate and adaptive immunity, called immunosenescence and associated to inflammaging, a low-grade chronic inflammation. Both processes fuel each other and partially explain increasing incidence of cancers, infections, age-related autoimmunity, and vascular disease as well as a reduced response to vaccination. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a lifelong disease, for which considerable progress in disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) and management has improved long-term survival. However, disability progression, increasing with age and disease duration, remains. Neurologists are now involved in caring for elderly MS patients, with increasing comorbidities. Aging of the immune system therefore has relevant implications for MS pathogenesis, response to DMTs and the risks mediated by these treatments. We propose to review current evidence regarding markers and molecular mechanisms of immunosenescence and their relevance to understanding MS pathogenesis. We will focus on age-related changes in the innate and adaptive immune system in MS and other auto-immune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. The consequences of these immune changes on MS pathology, in interaction with the intrinsic aging process of central nervous system resident cells will be discussed. Finally, the impact of immunosenescence on disease evolution and on the safety and efficacy of current DMTs will be presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Océane Perdaens
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vincent van Pesch
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Vincent van Pesch
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gluba-Brzózka A, Franczyk B, Rysz-Górzyńska M, Rokicki R, Koziarska-Rościszewska M, Rysz J. Pathomechanisms of Immunological Disturbances in β-Thalassemia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189677. [PMID: 34575839 PMCID: PMC8469188 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Thalassemia, a chronic disease with chronic anemia, is caused by mutations in the β-globin gene, leading to reduced levels or complete deficiency of β-globin chain synthesis. Patients with β-thalassemia display variable clinical severity which ranges from asymptomatic features to severe transfusion-dependent anemia and complications in multiple organs. They not only are at increased risk of blood-borne infections resulting from multiple transfusions, but they also show enhanced susceptibility to infections as a consequence of coexistent immune deficiency. Enhanced susceptibility to infections in β-thalassemia patients is associated with the interplay of several complex biological processes. β-thalassemia-related abnormalities of the innate immune system include decreased levels of complement, properdin, and lysozyme, reduced absorption and phagocytic ability of polymorphonuclear neutrophils, disturbed chemotaxis, and altered intracellular metabolism processes. According to available literature data, immunological abnormalities observed in patients with thalassemia can be caused by both the disease itself as well as therapies. The most important factors promoting such alterations involve iron overload, phenotypical and functional abnormalities of immune system cells resulting from chronic inflammation oxidative stress, multiple blood transfusion, iron chelation therapy, and splenectomy. Unravelling the mechanisms underlying immune deficiency in β-thalassemia patients may enable the designing of appropriate therapies for this group of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gluba-Brzózka
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (B.F.); (M.K.-R.); (J.R.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +48-42-639-3750
| | - Beata Franczyk
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (B.F.); (M.K.-R.); (J.R.)
| | - Magdalena Rysz-Górzyńska
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Robert Rokicki
- Clinic of Hand Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Koziarska-Rościszewska
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (B.F.); (M.K.-R.); (J.R.)
| | - Jacek Rysz
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (B.F.); (M.K.-R.); (J.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kovalenko EI, Zvyagin IV, Streltsova MA, Mikelov AI, Erokhina SA, Telford WG, Sapozhnikov AM, Lebedev YB. Surface NKG2C Identifies Differentiated αβT-Cell Clones Expanded in Peripheral Blood. Front Immunol 2021; 11:613882. [PMID: 33664730 PMCID: PMC7921799 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.613882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells that express CD56 in peripheral blood of healthy humans represent a heterogeneous and poorly studied subset. In this work, we analyzed this subset for NKG2C expression. In both CD56+ and CD56- subsets most of the NKG2C+ T cells had a phenotype of highly differentiated CD8+ TEMRA cells. The CD56+NKG2C+ T cells also expressed a number of NK cell receptors, such as NKG2D, CD16, KIR2DL2/DL3, and maturation marker CD57 more often than the CD56-NKG2C+CD3+ cells. TCR β-chain repertoire of the CD3+CD56+NKG2C+ cell fraction was limited by the prevalence of one or several clonotypes which can be found within the most abundant clonotypes in total or CD8+ T cell fraction TCRβ repertoire. Thus, NKG2C expression in highly differentiated CD56+ T cells was associated with the most expanded αβ T cell clones. NKG2C+ T cells produced almost no IFN-γ in response to stimulation with HCMV pp65-derived peptides. This may be partially due to the high content of CD45RA+CD57+ cells in the fraction. CD3+NKG2C+ cells showed signs of activation, and the frequency of this T-cell subset in HCMV-positive individuals was positively correlated with the frequency of NKG2C+ NK cells that may imply a coordinated in a certain extent development of the NKG2C+ T and NK cell subsets under HCMV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena I. Kovalenko
- Department of Immunology, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan V. Zvyagin
- Department of Genomics of Adaptive Immunity, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria A. Streltsova
- Department of Immunology, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Artem I. Mikelov
- Department of Genomics of Adaptive Immunity, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sofya A. Erokhina
- Department of Immunology, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - William G. Telford
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Alexander M. Sapozhnikov
- Department of Immunology, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yury B. Lebedev
- Department of Genomics of Adaptive Immunity, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Minato N, Hattori M, Hamazaki Y. Physiology and pathology of T-cell aging. Int Immunol 2020; 32:223-231. [PMID: 31967307 PMCID: PMC7150735 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxaa006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquired immune function shows recognizable changes over time with organismal aging. These changes include T-cell dysfunction, which may underlie diminished resistance to infection and possibly various chronic age-associated diseases in the elderly. T-cell dysfunction may occur at distinct stages, from naive cells to the end stages of differentiation during immune responses. The thymus, which generates naive T cells, shows unusually early involution resulting in progressive reduction of T-cell output after adolescence, but peripheral T-cell numbers are maintained through antigen-independent homeostatic proliferation of naive T cells driven by the major histocompatibility complex associated with self-peptides and homeostatic cytokines, retaining the diverse repertoire. However, extensive homeostatic proliferation may lead to the emergence of dysfunctional CD4+ T cells with features resembling senescent cells, termed senescence-associated T (SA-T) cells, which increase and accumulate with age. In situations such as chronic viral infection, T-cell dysfunction may also develop via persistent antigen stimulation, termed exhaustion, preventing possible immunopathology due to excessive immune responses. Exhausted T cells are developed through the effects of checkpoint receptors such as PD-1 and may be reversed with the receptor blockade. Of note, although defective in their regular T-cell antigen-receptor-mediated proliferation, SA-T cells secrete abundant pro-inflammatory factors such as osteopontin, reminiscent of an SA-secretory phenotype. A series of experiments in mouse models indicated that SA-T cells are involved in systemic autoimmunity as well as chronic tissue inflammation following tissue stresses. In this review, we discuss the physiological aspects of T-cell dysfunction associated with aging and its potential pathological involvement in age-associated diseases and possibly cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nagahiro Minato
- Medical Innovation Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masakazu Hattori
- Medical Innovation Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoko Hamazaki
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for iPS Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bauer ME. Accelerated immunosenescence in rheumatoid arthritis: impact on clinical progression. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2020; 17:6. [PMID: 32190092 PMCID: PMC7068869 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-020-00178-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) develop features of accelerated ageing, including immunosenescence. These changes include decreased thymic functionality, expansion of late-differentiated effector T cells, increased telomeric attrition, and excessive production of cytokines (senescence-associated secretory phenotype). The progression of RA has been associated with the early development of age-related co-morbidities, including osteoporosis, cardiovascular complications, and cognitive impairment. Here I review data supporting the hypothesis that immune-senescence contributes to the aggravation of both articular and extra-articular manifestations. Of note, poor cognitive functions in RA were associated with senescent CD28- T cells, inflammaging, and autoantibodies against brain antigens. The pathways of immune-to-brain communication are discussed and provide the rationale for the cognitive impairment reported in RA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moisés E Bauer
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6681, Porto Alegre, RS 90619-900 Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Thomas R, Wang W, Su DM. Contributions of Age-Related Thymic Involution to Immunosenescence and Inflammaging. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2020; 17:2. [PMID: 31988649 PMCID: PMC6971920 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-020-0173-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Immune system aging is characterized by the paradox of immunosenescence (insufficiency) and inflammaging (over-reaction), which incorporate two sides of the same coin, resulting in immune disorder. Immunosenescence refers to disruption in the structural architecture of immune organs and dysfunction in immune responses, resulting from both aged innate and adaptive immunity. Inflammaging, described as a chronic, sterile, systemic inflammatory condition associated with advanced age, is mainly attributed to somatic cellular senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and age-related autoimmune predisposition. However, the inability to reduce senescent somatic cells (SSCs), because of immunosenescence, exacerbates inflammaging. Age-related adaptive immune system deviations, particularly altered T cell function, are derived from age-related thymic atrophy or involution, a hallmark of thymic aging. Recently, there have been major developments in understanding how age-related thymic involution contributes to inflammaging and immunosenescence at the cellular and molecular levels, including genetic and epigenetic regulation, as well as developments of many potential rejuvenation strategies. Herein, we discuss the research progress uncovering how age-related thymic involution contributes to immunosenescence and inflammaging, as well as their intersection. We also describe how T cell adaptive immunity mediates inflammaging and plays a crucial role in the progression of age-related neurological and cardiovascular diseases, as well as cancer. We then briefly outline the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of age-related thymic involution, and finally summarize potential rejuvenation strategies to restore aged thymic function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Thomas
- Cell Biology, Immunology, and Microbiology Graduate Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Fort Worth, Texas 76107 USA
| | - Weikan Wang
- Cell Biology, Immunology, and Microbiology Graduate Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Fort Worth, Texas 76107 USA
| | - Dong-Ming Su
- 2Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas 76107 USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Vallet H, Fali T, Sauce D. Le vieillissement du système immunitaire : du fondamental à la clinique. Rev Med Interne 2019; 40:105-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
16
|
Impact of stress on aged immune system compartments: Overview from fundamental to clinical data. Exp Gerontol 2018; 105:19-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
17
|
Iglesias-Escudero M, Moro-García MA, Marcos-Fernández R, García-Torre A, Álvarez-Argüelles ME, Suárez-Fernández ML, Martínez-Camblor P, Rodríguez M, Alonso-Arias R. Levels of anti-CMV antibodies are modulated by the frequency and intensity of virus reactivations in kidney transplant patients. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194789. [PMID: 29641536 PMCID: PMC5895001 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-CMV (cytomegalovirus) antibody titers are related to immune alterations and increased risk of mortality. To test whether they represent a marker of infection history, we analyzed the effect of viral reactivations on the production of specific antibodies in kidney transplant patients. We quantified CMV-DNAemia and antibody titers in 58 kidney transplant patients before transplantation and during a follow-up of 315 days (standard deviation, SD: 134.5 days). In order to calculate the intensity of the infection, we plotted the follow-up time of the infection on the x-axis and the number of DNA-CMV copies on the y-axis and calculated the area under the curve (CMV-AUC). The degree of T-lymphocyte differentiation was analyzed with flow cytometry, the cells were labelled with different monoclonal antibodies in order to distinguish their differentiation state, from naive T-cells to senescent T-cells. Peak viremia was significantly higher in patients experiencing a primary infection (VI) compared to patients experiencing viral reactivation (VR). Our data indicate that the overall CMV viral load over the course of a primary infection is significantly higher than in a reactivation of a previously established infection. Whereas patients who experienced an episode of CMV reactivation during the course of our observation showed increased levels of CMV-specific antibodies, patients who did not experience CMV reactivation (WVR) showed a drop in CMV antibody levels that corresponds to an overall drop in antibody levels, probably due to the continuing immunosuppression after the renal transplant. We found a positive correlation between the CMV viremia over the course of the infection or reactivation and the CMV-specific antibody titers in the examined patients. We also observed a positive correlation between anti-CMV titers and T-cell differentiation. In conclusion, our data show that anti-CMV antibody titers are related to the course of CMV infection in kidney transplant patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rebeca Alonso-Arias
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Moro-García MA, López-Iglesias F, Marcos-Fernández R, Bueno-García E, Díaz-Molina B, Lambert JL, Suárez-García FM, Morís de la Tassa C, Alonso-Arias R. More intensive CMV-infection in chronic heart failure patients contributes to higher T-lymphocyte differentiation degree. Clin Immunol 2018; 192:20-29. [PMID: 29608971 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Immunosenescence in chronic heart failure (CHF) is characterized by a high frequency of differentiated T-lymphocytes, contributing to an inflammatory status and a deficient ability to generate immunocompetent responses. CMV is the best known inducer of T-lymphocyte differentiation, and is associated with the phenomenon of immunosenescence. In this study, we included 58 elderly chronic heart failure patients (ECHF), 60 healthy elderly controls (HEC), 40 young chronic heart failure patients (YCHF) and 40 healthy young controls (HYC). High differentiation of CD8+ T-lymphocytes was found in CMV-seropositive patients; however, the differentiation of CD4+ T-lymphocytes was increased in CMV-seropositive but also in CHF patients. Anti-CMV antibody titers showed positive correlation with more differentiated CD4+ and CD8+ subsets and inverse correlation with CD4/CD8 ratio. Immunosenescence found in CHF patients is mainly due to the dynamics of CMV-infection, since the differentiation of T-lymphocyte subsets is related not only to CMV-infection, but also to anti-CMV antibody titers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernando López-Iglesias
- Sección de Hemodinámica y Cardiología Intervencionista, Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Eva Bueno-García
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Beatriz Díaz-Molina
- Sección de Hemodinámica y Cardiología Intervencionista, Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - José Luis Lambert
- Sección de Hemodinámica y Cardiología Intervencionista, Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Cesar Morís de la Tassa
- Sección de Hemodinámica y Cardiología Intervencionista, Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Rebeca Alonso-Arias
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Štefanić M, Tokić S, Suver Stević M, Glavaš-Obrovac L. Association of increased eomesodermin, BCL6, and granzyme B expression with major clinical manifestations of Hashimoto's thyroiditis - an observational study. Immunol Invest 2018; 47:279-292. [PMID: 29319368 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2018.1423571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Studies of cytotoxic T cells and their respective lineage master regulators have been limited in Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). It is unclear whether their transcriptomes are changed in HT patients and how these changes are associated with the thyroid damage, major clinical manifestations, and disease progression. METHODS We explored the gene expression patterns of selected transcription factors [eomesodermin (EOMES), BACH2, BCL6, TCF1] and cytolytic molecules [granzyme B (GZMB)] in peripheral blood (PB) T cells of 10 healthy controls and 30 HT patients of various subtypes (hypothyroid, untreated HT; L-thyroxine (T4)-treated HT, and spontaneously euthyroid HT) using real-time quantitative PCR. RESULTS EOMES (Mann-Whitney P = 0.044), GZMB (P = 0.028), and BCL6 mRNA (P = 0.001) were overrepresented in PB T cells from HT and showed levels varying by age, thyroid volume and disease severity. BCL6 transcripts were predominantly enriched in severely affected, hypothyroid cases, both on and off LT4. Increased EOMES RNA expression was associated with advancing age, lower thyroid volumes and higher peak adjusted TSH levels over the course of the disease. The body mass-adjusted, steady-state maintenance dose of LT4 increased with GZMB and BCL6 levels in PB T cells of hypothyroid cases, mostly postmenopausal women having long-standing, non-goitrous and atrophic disease form. CONCLUSIONS Our exploratory results suggest a role for GZMB, EOMES, and BCL6 in the context of HT, thyroid injury, and aggressive/advanced disease forms. Functions enriched within differentially expressed transcripts could be an important new target in understanding the pathogenesis of HT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Štefanić
- a Department of Nuclear Medicine and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Osijek , Osijek , Croatia.,c Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Protection , Osijek University Hospital , Osijek , Croatia
| | - Stana Tokić
- b Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine , University of Osijek , Osijek , Croatia.,c Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Protection , Osijek University Hospital , Osijek , Croatia
| | - Mirjana Suver Stević
- d Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Institute of Transfusion Medicine , Osijek University Hospital , Osijek , Croatia
| | - Ljubica Glavaš-Obrovac
- b Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine , University of Osijek , Osijek , Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jeng MY, Hull PA, Fei M, Kwon HS, Tsou CL, Kasler H, Ng CP, Gordon DE, Johnson J, Krogan N, Verdin E, Ott M. Metabolic reprogramming of human CD8 + memory T cells through loss of SIRT1. J Exp Med 2017; 215:51-62. [PMID: 29191913 PMCID: PMC5748845 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20161066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved SIRT1–FoxO1 axis plays a new role in human CD8+ T cell metabolism and function. Progression from the naive to the terminally differentiated memory state is accompanied by the loss of SIRT1 and FoxO1 expression, which derepresses glycolytic and cytotoxic capacities of CD8+CD28– T cells under resting conditions. The expansion of CD8+CD28– T cells, a population of terminally differentiated memory T cells, is one of the most consistent immunological changes in humans during aging. CD8+CD28– T cells are highly cytotoxic, and their frequency is linked to many age-related diseases. As they do not accumulate in mice, many of the molecular mechanisms regulating their fate and function remain unclear. In this paper, we find that human CD8+CD28– T cells, under resting conditions, have an enhanced capacity to use glycolysis, a function linked to decreased expression of the NAD+-dependent protein deacetylase SIRT1. Global gene expression profiling identified the transcription factor FoxO1 as a SIRT1 target involved in transcriptional reprogramming of CD8+CD28– T cells. FoxO1 is proteasomally degraded in SIRT1-deficient CD8+CD28– T cells, and inhibiting its activity in resting CD8+CD28+ T cells enhanced glycolytic capacity and granzyme B production as in CD8+CD28– T cells. These data identify the evolutionarily conserved SIRT1–FoxO1 axis as a regulator of resting CD8+ memory T cell metabolism and activity in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Y Jeng
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Philip A Hull
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA.,Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Mingjian Fei
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Hye-Sook Kwon
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Herb Kasler
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA.,The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA
| | - Che-Ping Ng
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA.,The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA
| | - David E Gordon
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA.,Quantitative Biology Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Jeffrey Johnson
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA.,Quantitative Biology Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Nevan Krogan
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA.,Quantitative Biology Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Eric Verdin
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA.,The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA
| | - Melanie Ott
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA .,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Crooke A, Martínez-Henández J, Martínez-López J, Cruz-Jentoft A, Huete-Toral F, Pintor J. Low expression of CD39 and CD73 genes in centenarians compared with octogenarians. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2017; 14:11. [PMID: 28529533 PMCID: PMC5437401 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-017-0094-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ageing involves a progressive decline of the body’s regulatory systems including immune system. Adenosine regulates immune function by interaction with its receptors, mainly adenosine A2A receptor, present on the surface of immune cells. Furthermore, cellular response to this nucleoside is highly dependent on its extracellular concentration that is regulated by ecto-enzymes such as CD39 and CD73. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of age on adenosine A2A receptor, CD39 and CD73 gene expression. Changes in mRNA were measured by quantitative PCR from peripheral blood of young, middle-aged and older adults as well as centenarians. Centenarians showed a prominent decrease of CD39 and CD73 mRNA in comparison with older adults. Regarding to adenosine A2A receptor, we detected two subgroups of centenarians with high and low level of transcript. Additionally, adenosine A2A receptor mRNA level of centenarians, did not correlate with their cognitive impairment. In summary, our pilot study suggests that unlike of adenosine A2A receptor, the level of CD39 as well as CD73 mRNA could be a hallmark of successful human ageing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Almudena Crooke
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology IV, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, C/Arcos de Jalón 118, 28037 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Fernando Huete-Toral
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology IV, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, C/Arcos de Jalón 118, 28037 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Pintor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology IV, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, C/Arcos de Jalón 118, 28037 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Tu W, Rao S. Mechanisms Underlying T Cell Immunosenescence: Aging and Cytomegalovirus Infection. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:2111. [PMID: 28082969 PMCID: PMC5186782 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.02111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of the human immune system to protect against infectious disease declines with age and efficacy of vaccination reduces significantly in the elderly. Aging of the immune system, also termed as immunosenescence, involves many changes in human T cell immunity that is characterized by a loss in naïve T cell population and an increase in highly differentiated CD28- memory T cell subset. There is extensive data showing that latent persistent human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection is also associated with age-related immune dysfunction in the T cells, which might enhance immunosenescence. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying age-related and HCMV-related immunosenescence is critical for the development of effective age-targeted vaccines and immunotherapies. In this review, we will address the role of both aging and HCMV infection that contribute to the T cell senescence and discuss the potential molecular mechanisms in aged T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Tu
- Faculty of ESTeM, Health Research Institute, University of Canberra Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Sudha Rao
- Faculty of ESTeM, Health Research Institute, University of Canberra Canberra, ACT, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Li G, Larregina AT, Domsic RT, Stolz DB, Medsger TA, Lafyatis R, Fuschiotti P. Skin-Resident Effector Memory CD8 +CD28 - T Cells Exhibit a Profibrotic Phenotype in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 137:1042-1050. [PMID: 28012718 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Loss of CD28 expression by CD8+ T cells occurs with age and during chronic inflammatory conditions. CD8+CD28- T cells are a heterogeneous cell subpopulation whose function ranges from immunosuppressive to effector. Here we analyzed the role of CD8+CD28- T cells in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SSc), a connective tissue disorder characterized by autoimmunity, vasculopathy, and extensive cutaneous and visceral fibrosis. We show that the frequency of CD8+CD28- T cells is increased in the blood and affected skin of SSc patients, independent of patient age, and correlates with the extent of skin fibrosis. We found that most skin-tropic CD8+CD28- T cells are resident in the skin lesions of patients in the early stage of the disease, exhibit an effector memory phenotype, and present a strong cytolytic activity ex vivo. Skin-resident and circulating SSc CD8+CD28- T cells produce high levels of the profibrotic cytokine IL-13, which induces collagen production by normal and SSc dermal fibroblasts. Thus, our findings indicate that CD8+CD28- T cells represent a pathogenic T-cell subset in SSc and likely play a critical role in the early stage of SSc skin disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Adriana T Larregina
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robyn T Domsic
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Donna B Stolz
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Thomas A Medsger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert Lafyatis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Patrizia Fuschiotti
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lee GH, Lee WW. Unusual CD4 +CD28 - T Cells and Their Pathogenic Role in Chronic Inflammatory Disorders. Immune Netw 2016; 16:322-329. [PMID: 28035207 PMCID: PMC5195841 DOI: 10.4110/in.2016.16.6.322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
CD28 is a primary co-stimulatory receptor that is essential for successful T cell activation, proliferation, and survival. While ubiquitously expressed on naive T cells, the level of CD28 expression on memory T cells is largely dependent on the T-cell differentiation stage in humans. Expansion of circulating T cells lacking CD28 was originally considered a hallmark of age-associated immunological changes in humans, with a progressive loss of CD28 following replicative senescence with advancing age. However, an increasing body of evidence has revealed that there is a significant age-inappropriate expansion of CD4+CD28− T cells in patients with a variety of chronic inflammatory diseases, suggesting that these cells play a role in their pathogenesis. In fact, expanded CD4+CD28− T cells can produce large amounts of proinflammatory cytokines such as IFN-γ and TNF-α and also have cytotoxic potential, which may cause tissue damage and development of pathogenesis in many inflammatory disorders. Here we review the characteristics of CD4+CD28− T cells as well as the recent advances highlighting the contribution of these cells to several disease conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ga Hye Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine and BK21Plus Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Won-Woo Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine and BK21Plus Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine; Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute and Institute of Infectious Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine; Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul 03080, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Michel JJ, Griffin P, Vallejo AN. Functionally Diverse NK-Like T Cells Are Effectors and Predictors of Successful Aging. Front Immunol 2016; 7:530. [PMID: 27933066 PMCID: PMC5121286 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The fundamental challenge of aging and long-term survivorship is maintenance of functional independence and compression of morbidity despite a life history of disease. Inasmuch as immunity is a determinant of individual health and fitness, unraveling novel mechanisms of immune homeostasis in late life is of paramount interest. Comparative studies of young and old persons have documented age-related atrophy of the thymus, the contraction of diversity of the T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire, and the intrinsic inefficiency of classical TCR signaling in aged T cells. However, the elderly have highly heterogeneous health phenotypes. Studies of defined populations of persons aged 75 and older have led to the recognition of successful aging, a distinct physiologic construct characterized by high physical and cognitive functioning without measurable disability. Significantly, successful agers have a unique T cell repertoire; namely, the dominance of highly oligoclonal αβT cells expressing a diverse array of receptors normally expressed by NK cells. Despite their properties of cell senescence, these unusual NK-like T cells are functionally active effectors that do not require engagement of their clonotypic TCR. Thus, NK-like T cells represent a beneficial remodeling of the immune repertoire with advancing age, consistent with the concept of immune plasticity. Significantly, certain subsets are predictors of physical/cognitive performance among older adults. Further understanding of the roles of these NK-like T cells to host defense, and how they integrate with other physiologic domains of function are new frontiers for investigation in Aging Biology. Such pursuits will require a research paradigm shift from the usual young-versus-old comparison to the analysis of defined elderly populations. These endeavors may also pave way to age-appropriate, group-targeted immune interventions for the growing elderly population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Michel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Patricia Griffin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Abbe N Vallejo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Pittsburgh Claude Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Pereira BI, Akbar AN. Convergence of Innate and Adaptive Immunity during Human Aging. Front Immunol 2016; 7:445. [PMID: 27867379 PMCID: PMC5095488 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with profound changes in the human immune system, a phenomenon referred to as immunosenescence. This complex immune remodeling affects the adaptive immune system and the CD8+ T cell compartment in particular, leading to the accumulation of terminally differentiated T cells, which can rapidly exert their effector functions at the expenses of a limited proliferative potential. In this review, we will discuss evidence suggesting that senescent αβCD8+ T cells acquire the hallmarks of innate-like T cells and use recently acquired NK cell receptors as an alternative mechanism to mediate rapid effector functions. These cells concomitantly lose expression of co-stimulatory receptors and exhibit decreased T cell receptor signaling, suggesting a functional shift away from antigen-specific activation. The convergence of innate and adaptive features in senescent T cells challenges the classic division between innate and adaptive immune systems. Innate-like T cells are particularly important for stress and tumor surveillance, and we propose a new role for these cells in aging, where the acquisition of innate-like functions may represent a beneficial adaptation to an increased burden of malignancy with age, although it may also pose a higher risk of autoimmune disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Branca I Pereira
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London , London , UK
| | - Arne N Akbar
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London , London , UK
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Oxidative stress and age-related changes in T cells: is thalassemia a model of accelerated immune system aging? Cent Eur J Immunol 2016; 41:116-24. [PMID: 27095931 PMCID: PMC4829813 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2015.56973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron overload in β-thalassemia major occurs mainly due to blood transfusion, an essential treatment for β-thalassemia major patients, which results in oxidative stress. It has been thought that oxidative stress causes elevation of immune system senescent cells. Under this condition, cells normally enhance in aging, which is referred to as premature immunosenescence. Because there is no animal model for immunosenescence, most knowledge on the immunosenescence pattern is based on induction of immunosenescence. In this review, we describe iron overload and oxidative stress in β-thalassemia major patients and how they make these patients a suitable human model for immunosenescence. We also consider oxidative stress in some kinds of chronic virus infections, which induce changes in the immune system similar to β-thalassemia major. In conclusion, a therapeutic approach used to improve the immune system in such chronic virus diseases, may change the immunosenescence state and make life conditions better for β-thalassemia major patients.
Collapse
|
28
|
Wang YH, Yu XH, Luo SS, Han H. Comprehensive circular RNA profiling reveals that circular RNA100783 is involved in chronic CD28-associated CD8(+)T cell ageing. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2015; 12:17. [PMID: 26451160 PMCID: PMC4597608 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-015-0042-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Ageing brings about the gradual deterioration of the immune system, also known as immunosenescence. The role of non-coding circular RNA in immunosenescence is under studied. Using circular RNA microarray data, we assembled Comparison groups (C1, C2, C3 and C4) that allowed us to compare the circular RNA expression profiles between CD28(+)CD8(+) T cells and CD28(-)CD8(+) T cells isolated from healthy elderly or adult control subjects. Using a step-wise biomathematical strategy, the differentially-expressed circRNAs were identified in C1 (CD28(+)CD8(+) vs CD28(-)CD8(+)T cells in the elderly) and C4 (CD28(-)CD8(+)T cells in the elderly vs in the adult), and the commonly-expressed circRNA species from these profiles were optimized as immunosenescence biomarkers. Results Four overlapping upregulated circular RNAs (100550, 100783, 101328 and 102592) expressed in cross-comparison between C1 and C4 were validated using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Of these, only circular RNA100783 exhibited significant validation. None of the down-regulated circular RNAs were expressed in the C1 and the C4 cross-comparisons. Therefore, we further predicted circular RNA100783-targeted miRNA-gene interactions using online DAVID annotation. The analysis revealed that a circular RNA100783-targeted miRNA-mRNA network may be involved in alternative splicing, the production of splice variants, and in the regulation of phosphoprotein expression. Considering the hypothesis of splicing-related biogenesis of circRNAs, we propose that circular RNA100783 may play a role in phosphoprotein-associated functions duringCD28-related CD8(+) T cell ageing. Conclusions This study is the first to employ circular RNA profiling to investigate circular RNA-micro RNA interactions in ageing human CD8(+)T cell populations and the accompanying loss of CD28 expression. The overlapping expression of circular RNA100783 may represent a novel biomarker for the longitudinal tracking ofCD28-related CD8(+) T cell ageing and global immunosenescence. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12979-015-0042-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hong Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 15001 China ; First Institute of Geriatrics and Gerontology of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 15001 China
| | - Xu-Hui Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 15001 China
| | - Shan-Shun Luo
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 15001 China ; First Institute of Geriatrics and Gerontology of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 15001 China
| | - Hui Han
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 15001 China ; First Institute of Geriatrics and Gerontology of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 15001 China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Second-generation chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) retarget and reprogramme T cells to augment their antitumour efficacy. The combined activating and co-stimulatory domains incorporated in these CARs critically determine the function, differentiation, metabolism and persistence of engineered T cells. CD19-targeted CARs that incorporate CD28 or 4-1BB signalling domains are the best known to date. Both have shown remarkable complete remission rates in patients with refractory B cell malignancies. Recent data indicate that CD28-based CARs direct a brisk proliferative response and boost effector functions, whereas 4-1BB-based CARs induce a more progressive T cell accumulation that may compensate for less immediate potency. These distinct kinetic features can be exploited to further develop CAR-based T cell therapies for a variety of cancers. A new field of immunopharmacology is emerging.
Collapse
|
30
|
Echeverría A, Moro-García MA, Asensi V, Cartón JA, López-Larrea C, Alonso-Arias R. CD4⁺CD28null T lymphocytes resemble CD8⁺CD28null T lymphocytes in their responses to IL-15 and IL-21 in HIV-infected patients. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 98:373-84. [PMID: 26034206 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1a0514-276rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-infected individuals suffer from accelerated immunologic aging. One of the most prominent changes during T lymphocyte aging is the accumulation of CD28(null) T lymphocytes, mainly CD8(+) but also CD4(+) T lymphocytes. Enhancing the functional properties of these cells may be important because they provide antigen-specific defense against chronic infections. The objective of this study was to compare the responses of CD4(+)CD28(null) and CD8(+)CD28(null) T lymphocytes from HIV-infected patients to the immunomodulatory effects of cytokines IL-15 and IL-21. We quantified the frequencies of CD4(+)CD28(null) and CD8(+)CD28(null) T lymphocytes in peripheral blood from 110 consecutive, HIV-infected patients and 25 healthy controls. Patients showed increased frequencies of CD4(+)CD28(null) and CD8(+)CD28(null). Both subsets were positively correlated to each other and showed an inverse correlation with the absolute counts of CD4(+) T lymphocytes. Higher frequencies of HIV-specific and CMV-specific cells were found in CD28(null) than in CD28(+) T lymphocytes. Activation of STAT5 by IL-15 and STAT3 by IL-21 was higher in CD28(null) compared with CD28(+) T lymphocytes. Proliferation, expression of CD69, and IFN-γ production in CD28(null) T lymphocytes were increased after treatment with IL-15, and IL-21 potentiated most of those effects. Nevertheless, IL-21 alone reduced IFN-γ production in response to anti-CD3 stimulation but increased CD28 expression, even counteracting the inhibitory effect of IL-15. Intracytoplasmic stores of granzyme B and perforin were increased by IL-15, whereas IL-21 and simultaneous treatment with the 2 cytokines also significantly enhanced degranulation in CD4(+)CD28(null) and CD8(+)CD28(null) T lymphocytes. IL-15 and IL-21 could have a role in enhancing the effector response of CD28(null) T lymphocytes against their specific chronic antigens in HIV-infected patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ainara Echeverría
- *Immunology Department and Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; and Fundación Renal "Iñigo Alvarez de Toledo," Madrid, Spain
| | - Marco A Moro-García
- *Immunology Department and Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; and Fundación Renal "Iñigo Alvarez de Toledo," Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Asensi
- *Immunology Department and Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; and Fundación Renal "Iñigo Alvarez de Toledo," Madrid, Spain
| | - José A Cartón
- *Immunology Department and Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; and Fundación Renal "Iñigo Alvarez de Toledo," Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos López-Larrea
- *Immunology Department and Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; and Fundación Renal "Iñigo Alvarez de Toledo," Madrid, Spain
| | - Rebeca Alonso-Arias
- *Immunology Department and Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; and Fundación Renal "Iñigo Alvarez de Toledo," Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Many treated HIV-infected persons maintain persistently high circulating CD8 T cell numbers, even after many years of therapy. Recent reports have suggested that persistent CD8 T cell expansion is associated with higher risk of morbid non-AIDS events. Thus, assessing the mechanisms of CD8 T cell expansion and persistence may give insights into a feature of HIV disease that is clinically important. RECENT FINDINGS Acute HIV infection is associated with activation and expansion of the CD8 T cell compartment. Expanded CD8 T cells persist throughout the disease course, and in contrast to the plasticity that typically characterizes immune responses to most other pathogens, circulating CD8 T cell numbers do not normalize in many patients despite pharmacologic suppression of HIV replication. We suspect that residual inflammation in treated HIV infection contributes to antigen-independent CD8 T cell expansion and persistence as most of these cells are not HIV-reactive. SUMMARY Circulating CD8 T cell numbers remain abnormally elevated in many treated HIV-infected patients and this elevation is associated with adverse clinical events. Future studies will be needed to assess the mechanisms of CD8 T cell expansion and to define the role of CD8 lymphocytosis in the clinical course of treated HIV disease.
Collapse
|
32
|
Accumulation of 4-1BBL+ B cells in the elderly induces the generation of granzyme-B+ CD8+ T cells with potential antitumor activity. Blood 2014; 124:1450-9. [PMID: 25037628 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-03-563940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the accumulation of highly-differentiated and granzyme B (GrB)-expressing CD8(+)CD28(-) T cells has been associated with aging, the mechanism for their enrichment and contribution to immune function remains poorly understood. Here we report a novel B-cell subset expressing 4-1BBL, which increases with age in humans, rhesus macaques, and mice, and with immune reconstitution after chemotherapy and autologous progenitor cell transplantation. These cells (termed 4BL cells) induce GrB(+)CD8(+) T cells by presenting endogenous antigens and using the 4-1BBL/4-1BB axis. We found that the 4BL cells increase antitumor responses in old mice, which may explain in part the paradox of retarded tumor growth in the elderly. 4BL cell accumulation and its capacity to evoke the generation of GrB(+)CD8(+) T cells can be eliminated by inducing reconstitution of B cells in old mice, suggesting that the age-associated skewed cellular immune responses are reversible. We propose that 4BL cells and the 4-1BBL signaling pathway are useful targets for improved effectiveness of natural antitumor defenses and therapeutic immune manipulations in the elderly.
Collapse
|
33
|
Farage MA, Miller KW, Maibach HI. Effects of menopause on autoimmune diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1586/eog.12.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
34
|
Chen G, Lustig A, Weng NP. T cell aging: a review of the transcriptional changes determined from genome-wide analysis. Front Immunol 2013; 4:121. [PMID: 23730304 PMCID: PMC3657702 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Age carries a detrimental impact on T cell function. In the past decade, analyses of the genome-scale transcriptional changes of T cells during aging have yielded a large amount of data and provided a global view of gene expression changes in T cells from aged hosts as well as subsets of T cells accumulated with age. Here, we aim to review the changes of gene expression in thymocytes and peripheral mature T cells, as well as the subsets of T cells accumulated with age, and discuss the gene networks and signaling pathways that are altered with aging in T cells. We also discuss future direction for furthering the understanding of the molecular basis of gene expression alterations in aged T cells, which could potentially provide opportunities for gene-based clinical interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guobing Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Shen H, Zhang W, Abraham C, Cho JH. Age and CD161 expression contribute to inter-individual variation in interleukin-23 response in CD8+ memory human T cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57746. [PMID: 23469228 PMCID: PMC3585933 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The interleukin-23 (IL-23) pathway plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of multiple chronic inflammatory disorders, however, inter-individual variability in IL-23-induced signal transduction in circulating human lymphocytes has not been well-defined. In this study, we observed marked, reproducible inter-individual differences in IL-23 responsiveness (measured by STAT3 phosphorylation) in peripheral blood CD8+CD45RO+ memory T and CD3+CD56+ NKT cells. Age, but not gender, was a significant (Pearson’s correlation coefficient, r = −0.37, p = 0.001) source of variability observed in CD8+CD45RO+ memory T cells, with IL-23 responsiveness gradually decreasing with increasing age. Relative to cells from individuals demonstrating low responsiveness to IL-23 stimulation, CD8+CD45RO+ memory T cells from individuals demonstrating high responsiveness to IL-23 stimulation showed increased gene expression for IL-23 receptor (IL-23R), RORC (RORγt) and CD161 (KLRB1), whereas RORA (RORα) and STAT3 expression were equivalent. Similar to CD4+ memory T cells, IL-23 responsiveness is confined to the CD161+ subset in CD8+CD45RO+ memory T cells, suggesting a similar CD161+ precursor as has been reported for CD4+ Th17 cells. We observed a very strong positive correlation between IL-23 responsiveness and the fraction of CD161+, CD8+CD45RO+ memory T cells (r = 0.80, p<0.001). Moreover, the fraction of CD161+, CD8+CD45RO+ memory T cells gradually decreases with aging (r = −0.34, p = 0.05). Our data define the inter-individual differences in IL-23 responsiveness in peripheral blood lymphocytes from the general population. Variable expression of CD161, IL-23R and RORC affects IL-23 responsiveness and contributes to the inter-individual susceptibility to IL-23-mediated defenses and inflammatory processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shen
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Clara Abraham
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Judy H. Cho
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail: .
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Macaulay R, Riddell NE, Griffiths SJ, Akbar AN, Henson SM. Differing HLA types influence inhibitory receptor signalling in CMV-specific CD8+ T cells. Hum Immunol 2012; 74:302-9. [PMID: 23220495 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2012.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Revised: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The dysregulated immune response to CMV constitutes a major force driving T cell immunosenescence and growing evidence suggests that it is not a benign virus in old age. We show here that the PD-1/L pathway defines a reversible defect in CMV specific CD8(+) T cell proliferative responses in both young and old individuals. More specifically, highly differentiated CD45RA(+)CD27(-) CMV-specific CD8(+) T cells exhibit a proliferative deficit compared their central and effector memory counterparts, which is reversed following PD-L blockade. However, we also report that HLA-B(∗)07/TPR specific CD8(+) T cells express higher levels of PD-1 than HLA-A(∗)02/NLV specific cells and HLA-A(∗)02 individuals show a higher proliferative response to PD-L blockade, than HLA-B(∗)07 individuals, which we postulate may be due to the differing functional avidities for these two CMV-specific CD8(+) T cells populations. Nevertheless data presented here demonstrate that CMV-specific CD8(+) T cells can be functionally enhanced by perturbation of the PD-1/L signalling pathway, whose manipulation may provide a therapeutic modality to combat age-associated immune decline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Macaulay
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, 5 University Street, London, WC1E 6JF, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
With the improvement of medical care and hygienic conditions, there has been a tremendous increment in human lifespan. However, many of the elderly (>65 years) display chronic illnesses, and a majority requires frequent and longer hospitalization. The robustness of the immune system to eliminate or control infections is often eroded with advancing age. Nevertheless, some elderly individuals do cope better than others. The origin of these inter-individual differences may come from genetic, lifestyle conditions (nutrition, socio-economic parameters), as well as the type, number and recurrence of pathogens encountered during life. The theory we are supporting is that chronic infections, through life, will induce profound changes in the immune system probably due to unbalanced inflammatory profiles. Persistent viruses such a cytomegalovirus are not eliminated and are a driven force to immune exhaustion. Because of their age, elderly individuals may have seen more of these chronic stimulators and have experienced more reactivation episodes ultimately leading to shrinkage of their repertoire and overall immune robustness. This review integrates updates on immunity with advancing age and its impact on associated clinical conditions.
Collapse
|
38
|
Goronzy JJ, Li G, Yu M, Weyand CM. Signaling pathways in aged T cells - a reflection of T cell differentiation, cell senescence and host environment. Semin Immunol 2012; 24:365-72. [PMID: 22560928 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2012.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Revised: 04/01/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
With increasing age, the ability of the immune system to protect against new antigenic challenges or to control chronic infections erodes. Decline in thymic function and cumulating antigenic experiences of acute and chronic infections threaten T cell homeostasis, but insufficiently explain the failing immune competence and the increased susceptibility for autoimmunity. Alterations in signaling pathways in the aging T cells account for many of the age-related defects. Signaling threshold calibrations seen with aging frequently built on mechanisms that are operational in T cell development and T cell differentiation or are adaptations to the changing environment in the aging host. Age-related changes in transcription of receptors and signaling molecules shift the balance towards inhibitory pathways, most dominantly seen in CD8 T cells and to a lesser degree in CD4 T cells. Prominent examples are the expression of negative regulatory receptors of the CD28 and the TNF receptor superfamilies as well the expression of various cytoplasmic and nuclear dual-specific phosphatases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jörg J Goronzy
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, United States.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Immune aging and autoimmunity. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:1615-23. [PMID: 22466672 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-0970-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2012] [Revised: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Age is an important risk for autoimmunity, and many autoimmune diseases preferentially occur in the second half of adulthood when immune competence has declined and thymic T cell generation has ceased. Many tolerance checkpoints have to fail for an autoimmune disease to develop, and several of those are susceptible to the immune aging process. Homeostatic T cell proliferation which is mainly responsible for T cell replenishment during adulthood can lead to the selection of T cells with increased affinity to self- or neoantigens and enhanced growth and survival properties. These cells can acquire a memory-like phenotype, in particular under lymphopenic conditions. Accumulation of end-differentiated effector T cells, either specific for self-antigen or for latent viruses, have a low activation threshold due to the expression of signaling and regulatory molecules and generate an inflammatory environment with their ability to be cytotoxic and to produce excessive amounts of cytokines and thereby inducing or amplifying autoimmune responses.
Collapse
|
40
|
Brunner S, Herndler-Brandstetter D, Weinberger B, Grubeck-Loebenstein B. Persistent viral infections and immune aging. Ageing Res Rev 2011; 10:362-9. [PMID: 20727987 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2010.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2010] [Revised: 08/02/2010] [Accepted: 08/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Immunosenescence comprises a set of dynamic changes occurring to both, the innate as well as the adaptive immune system that accompany human aging and result in complex manifestations of still poorly defined deficiencies in the elderly population. One of the most prominent alterations during aging is the continuous involution of the thymus gland which is almost complete by the age of 50. Consequently, the output of naïve T cells is greatly diminished in elderly individuals which puts pressure on homeostatic forces to maintain a steady T cell pool for most of adulthood. In a great proportion of the human population, this fragile balance is challenged by persistent viral infections, especially Cytomegalovirus (CMV), that oblige certain T cell clones to monoclonally expand repeatedly over a lifetime which then occupy space within the T cell pool. Eventually, these inflated memory T cell clones become exhausted and their extensive accumulation accelerates the age-dependent decline of the diversity of the T cell pool. As a consequence, infectious diseases are more frequent and severe in elderly persons and immunological protection following vaccination is reduced. This review therefore aims to shed light on how various types of persistent viral infections, especially CMV, influence the aging of the immune system and highlight potential measures to prevent the age-related decline in immune function.
Collapse
|
41
|
Are senescence and exhaustion intertwined or unrelated processes that compromise immunity? Nat Rev Immunol 2011; 11:289-95. [PMID: 21436838 DOI: 10.1038/nri2959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Can the immune system be reactivated continuously throughout the lifetime of an organism or is there a finite point at which repeated antigenic challenge leads to the loss of lymphocyte function or the cells themselves or both? Replicative senescence and exhaustion are processes that control T cell proliferative activity and function; however, there is considerable confusion over the relationship between these two intrinsic cellular control mechanisms. In this Opinion article, we compare the molecular regulation of senescence and exhaustion in T cells. Available data suggest that both processes are regulated independently of each other and that it may be safer to block exhaustion than senescence to enhance immunity.
Collapse
|
42
|
Gain and loss of T cell subsets in old age--age-related reshaping of the T cell repertoire. J Clin Immunol 2011; 31:137-46. [PMID: 21243520 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-010-9499-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The immune system is affected by the aging process and undergoes significant age-related changes, termed immunosenescence. Different T cell subsets are affected by this process. Alterations within the bone marrow and thymus lead to a shift in the composition of the T cell repertoire from naïve to antigen-experienced T cells, thereby compromising the diversity of the T cell pool. Additional infection with latent pathogens such as cytomegalovirus aggravates this process. In this review, we focus on the major age-related changes that occur in the naïve and the antigen-experienced T cell population. We discuss the mechanisms responsible for the generation and maintenance of these subsets and how age-related changes can be delayed or prevented by clinical interventions.
Collapse
|
43
|
Remondini D, Salvioli S, Francesconi M, Pierini M, Mazzatti DJ, Powell JR, Zironi I, Bersani F, Castellani G, Franceschi C. Complex patterns of gene expression in human T cells during in vivo aging. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2010; 6:1983-92. [PMID: 20686723 DOI: 10.1039/c004635c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Human aging is associated with complex alterations that contribute to remodelling of physiological processes and ultimately manifests in loss of tissue/organ function. Peripheral blood T cells do not escape this phenomenon and undergo profound remodelling with aging. Thus, investigating the effects of aging on T cells transcriptomics and identifying the underlying regulatory mechanisms can be of extreme importance to understand the aging process in the Immune System (IS). To this aim, we performed an analysis of gene expression data of T cells collected from peripheral blood of 25 healthy human donors of different age from 25 to more than 95 years, in order to characterize changes that occur throughout the entire adult lifespan. By means of microarray analysis, we observed large groups of genes exhibiting non-monotonic expression patterns over time: such behaviour, that could not be observed in typical "two-group" experiments (e.g. young vs. old people) highlights similarities in gene expression profiles of young and "successfully aged" individuals. Genes whose expression profiles change during lifespan were grouped into three main patterns (eigenmodes) to which different biological functions were significantly associated. The analysis of KEGG pathways to which these genes belong indicated that the biological processes altered in T cell aging are not only those typically associated with immune cells (Jak-STAT signalling, T cell receptor signalling, cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions, etc.) but also some not specific of immune cells, such as long-term depression, PPAR and mTOR signalling, glucose and glutathione metabolism, suggesting that T cell aging may be representative of a more generalised aging phenomenon. Thus, the T cell may represent a useful cellular model to study organismal aging. We further searched for over-represented transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) in the promoter regions of genes clustered by similarity of their age-related patterns to evidence possible co-regulation. A comparison between over-representation of TFBSs and the time course of the corresponding transcription factor (TF) expression levels revealed that a restricted group of TFs may play a central role in driving aging-specific changes in gene expression of T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Remondini
- Department of Physics, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Cao JN, Gollapudi S, Sharman EH, Jia Z, Gupta S. Age-related alterations of gene expression patterns in human CD8+ T cells. Aging Cell 2010; 9:19-31. [PMID: 19878143 DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2009.00534.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with progressive T-cell deficiency and increased incidence of infections, cancer and autoimmunity. In this comprehensive study, we have compared the gene expression profiles in CD8+ T cells from aged and young healthy subjects using Affymetrix microarray Human Genome U133A-2 GeneChips. A total of 5.2% (754) of the genes analyzed had known functions and displayed statistically significant age-associated expression changes. These genes were involved in a broad array of complex biological processes, mainly in nucleic acid and protein metabolism. Functional groups, in which downregulated genes were overrepresented, were the following: RNA transcription regulation, RNA and DNA metabolism, intracellular (Golgi, endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear) transportation, signaling transduction pathways (T-cell receptor, Ras/MAPK, JNK/Stat, PI3/AKT, Wnt, TGFbeta, insulin-like growth factor and insulin), and the ubiquitin cycle. In contrast, the following functional groups contained more up-regulated genes than expected: response to oxidative stress and cytokines, apoptosis, and the MAPKK signaling cascade. These age-associated gene expression changes may be responsible for impaired DNA replication, RNA transcription, and signal transduction, possibly resulting in instability of cellular and genomic integrity, and alterations of growth, differentiation, apoptosis and anergy in human aged CD8+ T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ning Cao
- Division of Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Medical Sciences I, C-240 Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Henson SM, Akbar AN. Memory T-Cell Homeostasis and Senescence during Aging. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2010; 684:189-97. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-6451-9_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
46
|
Nguyen H, Weng NP. IL-21 preferentially enhances IL-15-mediated homeostatic proliferation of human CD28+ CD8 memory T cells throughout the adult age span. J Leukoc Biol 2009; 87:43-9. [PMID: 19797296 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0209086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
An age-related decline in human immune response is marked by the accumulation of CD28(-) CD8 T cells, which is attributed to repeated antigenic stimulation and to homeostatic proliferation mediated by cytokines such as IL-15. However, the identity of the cytokines that are responsible for the maintenance of CD28 expression is less known. Here, we report the role of IL-21 in the regulation of IL-15-mediated growth and CD28 expression of CD8 memory T cells of young and old donors. We showed that IL-21 drives more IL-15-stimulated cells to enter cell division and to undergo apoptosis. Furthermore, IL-21 preferentially enhanced IL-15-induced proliferation of CD28(+) CD8 memory T cells over their CD28(-) counterparts, as CD28(+) cells expressed higher levels of IL-15R and IL-21R and greater pSTAT5 upon IL-15 and IL-21 stimulation. In addition, IL-21 reduced IL-15-induced CD28 down-regulation in CD8 memory T cells. Finally, the ability of proliferation and survival in response to homeostatic cytokines IL-15 and IL-21 of CD28(+) CD8 memory T cells was well-maintained with age. Together, these findings suggest that IL-21 enhances IL-15-mediated proliferation of CD8 memory T cells, particularly CD28(+) memory T cells, and also serves as an antagonist to the IL-15-induced increase of CD28(-) CD8 T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huy Nguyen
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Weinberger B, Welzl K, Herndler-Brandstetter D, Parson W, Grubeck-Loebenstein B. CD28(-)CD8(+) T cells do not contain unique clonotypes and are therefore dispensable. Immunol Lett 2009; 127:27-32. [PMID: 19715728 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2009.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2009] [Revised: 08/10/2009] [Accepted: 08/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Highly differentiated CD28(-) effector T cells which accumulate in a variety of diseases and also with increasing age contribute to inflammatory processes, limit immunological space and diversity, and are associated with immunological dysfunction and reduced responses to vaccination. Elimination of CD28(-) T cells has been suggested as a measure for immunological rejuvenation but may lead to the loss of important T cell specificities. Using T cells specific for the immunodominant CMV-derived epitope NLVPMVATV as a model, we show that the same clonotypes are present in CD8(+)CD28(+) naïve/early memory and CD8(+)CD28(-) effector T cells. Therefore, CD28(-) cells do not seem to contain clones which are not present in the residual population. The elimination of effector T cells would not lead to the loss of important specificities, as relevant clonotypes could be recruited and propagated from naïve or early memory T cell subsets in the case of exposure to pathogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Weinberger
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Rennweg 10, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Weng NP, Akbar AN, Goronzy J. CD28(-) T cells: their role in the age-associated decline of immune function. Trends Immunol 2009; 30:306-12. [PMID: 19540809 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2009.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 444] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2009] [Revised: 03/23/2009] [Accepted: 03/23/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of CD28(-) T cells, particularly within the CD8 subset, is one of the most prominent changes during T-cell homeostasis and function associated with aging in humans. CD28, a major co-stimulatory receptor, is responsible for the optimal antigen-mediated T-cell activation, proliferation and survival of T cells. CD28(-) T cells exhibit reduced antigen receptor diversity, defective antigen-induced proliferation and a shorter replicative lifespan while showing enhanced cytotoxicity and regulatory functions. Gene expression analyses reveal profound changes of CD28(-) T cells in comparison to their CD28(+) counterparts and corroborate their functional differences. Here we review recent advances in our understanding of CD28(-) T cells and their role in the age-associated decline of immune function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Ping Weng
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Araki Y, Wang Z, Zang C, Wood WH, Schones D, Cui K, Roh TY, Lhotsky B, Wersto RP, Peng W, Becker KG, Zhao K, Weng NP. Genome-wide analysis of histone methylation reveals chromatin state-based regulation of gene transcription and function of memory CD8+ T cells. Immunity 2009; 30:912-25. [PMID: 19523850 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2009.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2008] [Revised: 01/29/2009] [Accepted: 05/17/2009] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Memory lymphocytes are characterized by their ability to exhibit a rapid response to the recall antigen, in which differential transcription is important, yet the underlying mechanism is not understood. We report here a genome-wide analysis of histone methylation on two histone H3 lysine residues (H3K4me3 and H3K27me3) and gene expression profiles in naive and memory CD8(+) T cells. We found that specific correlation exists between gene expression and the amounts of H3K4me3 (positive correlation) and H3K27me3 (negative correlation) across the gene body. These correlations displayed four distinct modes (repressive, active, poised, and bivalent), reflecting different functions of these genes in CD8(+) T cells. Furthermore, a permissive chromatin state of each gene was established by a combination of different histone modifications. Our findings reveal a complex regulation by histone methylation in differential gene expression and suggest that histone methylation may be responsible for memory CD8(+) T cell function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuto Araki
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Chen X, Bai F, Sokol L, Zhou J, Ren A, Painter JS, Liu J, Sallman DA, Chen YA, Yoder JA, Djeu JY, Loughran TP, Epling-Burnette PK, Wei S. A critical role for DAP10 and DAP12 in CD8+ T cell-mediated tissue damage in large granular lymphocyte leukemia. Blood 2009; 113:3226-34. [PMID: 19075187 PMCID: PMC2665892 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2008-07-168245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2008] [Accepted: 11/23/2008] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Large granular lymphocyte (LGL) leukemia, or LGLL, is characterized by increased numbers of circulating clonal LGL cells in association with neutropenia, anemia, rheumatoid arthritis, and pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH). Emerging evidence suggests that LGLL cells with a CD8(+)CD28(null) phenotype induce these clinical manifestations through direct destruction of normal tissue. Compared with CD8(+)CD28(null) T cells from healthy controls, CD8(+)CD28(null) T cells from LGLL patients have acquired the ability to directly lyse pulmonary artery endothelial cells and human synovial cells. Here, we show that LGLL cells from patients possess enhanced cytotoxic characteristics and express elevated levels of activating natural killer receptors as well as their signaling partners, DAP10 and DAP12. Moreover, downstream targets of DAP10 and DAP12 are constitutively activated in LGLL cells, and expression of dominant-negative DAP10 and DAP12 dramatically reduces their lytic capacity. These are the first results to show that activating NKR-ligand interactions play a critical role in initiating the DAP10 and DAP12 signaling events that lead to enhanced lytic potential of LGLL cells. Results shown suggest that inhibitors of DAP10 and DAP12 or other proteins involved in this signaling pathway will be attractive therapeutic targets for the treatment of LGLL and other autoimmune diseases and syndromes.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/physiology
- CD28 Antigens/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/genetics
- Endothelial Cells/immunology
- Endothelial Cells/pathology
- Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism
- Humans
- K562 Cells
- Leukemia, Large Granular Lymphocytic/genetics
- Leukemia, Large Granular Lymphocytic/immunology
- Leukemia, Large Granular Lymphocytic/metabolism
- Leukemia, Large Granular Lymphocytic/pathology
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Membrane Proteins/physiology
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Pulmonary Artery/immunology
- Pulmonary Artery/pathology
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Receptors, Immunologic/physiology
- Receptors, Natural Killer Cell/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianghong Chen
- Immunology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|