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Ward JM, Ambatipudi M, O'Hanlon TP, Smith MA, de Los Reyes M, Schiffenbauer A, Rahman S, Zerrouki K, Miller FW, Sanjuan MA, Li JL, Casey KA, Rider LG. Shared and Distinctive Transcriptomic and Proteomic Pathways in Adult and Juvenile Dermatomyositis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2023; 75:2014-2026. [PMID: 37229703 PMCID: PMC10615891 DOI: 10.1002/art.42615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Transcript and protein expression were interrogated to examine gene locus and pathway regulation in the peripheral blood of active adult dermatomyositis (DM) and juvenile DM patients receiving immunosuppressive therapies. METHODS Expression data from 14 DM and 12 juvenile DM patients were compared to matched healthy controls. Regulatory effects at the transcript and protein level were analyzed by multi-enrichment analysis for assessment of affected pathways within DM and juvenile DM. RESULTS Expression of 1,124 gene loci were significantly altered at the transcript or protein levels across DM or juvenile DM, with 70 genes shared. A subset of interferon-stimulated genes was elevated, including CXCL10, ISG15, OAS1, CLEC4A, and STAT1. Innate immune markers specific to neutrophil granules and neutrophil extracellular traps were up-regulated in both DM and juvenile DM, including BPI, CTSG, ELANE, LTF, MPO, and MMP8. Pathway analysis revealed up-regulation of PI3K/AKT, ERK, and p38 MAPK signaling, whose central components were broadly up-regulated in DM, while peripheral upstream and downstream components were differentially regulated in both DM and juvenile DM. Up-regulated components shared by DM and juvenile DM included cytokine:receptor pairs LGALS9:HAVCR2, LTF/NAMPT/S100A8/HSPA1A:TLR4, CSF2:CSF2RA, EPO:EPOR, FGF2/FGF8:FGFR, several Bcl-2 components, and numerous glycolytic enzymes. Pathways unique to DM included sirtuin signaling, aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling, protein ubiquitination, and granzyme B signaling. CONCLUSION The combination of proteomics and transcript expression by multi-enrichment analysis broadened the identification of up- and down-regulated pathways among active DM and juvenile DM patients. These pathways, particularly those which feed into PI3K/AKT and MAPK signaling and neutrophil degranulation, may be potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Ward
- Integrative Bioinformatics Support Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Mythri Ambatipudi
- Environmental Autoimmunity Group, Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland and Research Triangle, Park, North Carolina
| | - Terrance P O'Hanlon
- Environmental Autoimmunity Group, Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland and Research Triangle, Park, North Carolina
| | | | | | - Adam Schiffenbauer
- Environmental Autoimmunity Group, Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland and Research Triangle, Park, North Carolina
| | - Saifur Rahman
- BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | | | - Frederick W Miller
- Environmental Autoimmunity Group, Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland and Research Triangle, Park, North Carolina
| | | | - Jian-Liang Li
- Integrative Bioinformatics Support Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Kerry A Casey
- BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Lisa G Rider
- Environmental Autoimmunity Group, Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland and Research Triangle, Park, North Carolina
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Atkinson SC, Heaton SM, Audsley MD, Kleifeld O, Borg NA. TRIM25 and DEAD-Box RNA Helicase DDX3X Cooperate to Regulate RIG-I-Mediated Antiviral Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9094. [PMID: 34445801 PMCID: PMC8396550 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytoplasmic retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs) initiate interferon (IFN) production and antiviral gene expression in response to RNA virus infection. Consequently, RLR signalling is tightly regulated by both host and viral factors. Tripartite motif protein 25 (TRIM25) is an E3 ligase that ubiquitinates multiple substrates within the RLR signalling cascade, playing both ubiquitination-dependent and -independent roles in RIG-I-mediated IFN induction. However, additional regulatory roles are emerging. Here, we show a novel interaction between TRIM25 and another protein in the RLR pathway that is essential for type I IFN induction, DEAD-box helicase 3X (DDX3X). In vitro assays and knockdown studies reveal that TRIM25 ubiquitinates DDX3X at lysine 55 (K55) and that TRIM25 and DDX3X cooperatively enhance IFNB1 induction following RIG-I activation, but the latter is independent of TRIM25's catalytic activity. Furthermore, we found that the influenza A virus non-structural protein 1 (NS1) disrupts the TRIM25:DDX3X interaction, abrogating both TRIM25-mediated ubiquitination of DDX3X and cooperative activation of the IFNB1 promoter. Thus, our results reveal a new interplay between two RLR-host proteins that cooperatively enhance IFN-β production. We also uncover a new and further mechanism by which influenza A virus NS1 suppresses host antiviral defence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C. Atkinson
- Immunity and Immune Evasion Laboratory, Chronic Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases Research, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (S.C.A.); (M.D.A.)
- Infection & Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia;
| | - Steven M. Heaton
- Infection & Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia;
| | - Michelle D. Audsley
- Immunity and Immune Evasion Laboratory, Chronic Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases Research, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (S.C.A.); (M.D.A.)
- Infection & Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia;
| | - Oded Kleifeld
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel;
| | - Natalie A. Borg
- Immunity and Immune Evasion Laboratory, Chronic Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases Research, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (S.C.A.); (M.D.A.)
- Infection & Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia;
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Krylov MY, Ananieva LP, Guseva IA. Relating Interferon Regulatory Factor 5 Rs2004640 Gene Polymorphism To Increased Risk Of Systemic Sclerosis In The Patients: Russian Federation Cohort. RUSSIAN OPEN MEDICAL JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.15275/rusomj.2020.0410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background ― A number of studies confirmed a crucial role of type 1 interferon in pathophysiology of connective tissue diseases. Interferon regulatory factors (IRF) coordinate an expression of type 1 interferon, while interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) gene was recently identified as causing predisposition to systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjögren syndrome. The objective of our study was to identify possible association of IRF5 rs2004640 (G/T) single nucleotide polymorphism with systemic sclerosis (SSc). Material and Methods―The study involved 236 individuals, including 105 patients with SSc diagnosis and 131 control individuals from Moscow region. The latter were healthy, unrelated to each other, their genders and ages were matched to those of SSc patients. Allele-specific real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to study IFR5 rs2004640 polymorphism. Results ― We detected significantly higher percentage of IRF5 T-allele carriers in all patients (59.5%), those with diffuse cutaneous SSc (67.3%), patients with interstitial lung lesions (62.3%), and those with positive titers of anti-topoisomerase I antibodies (66.3%), compared with control group (46.2%). The odds ratios (OR) were: 1.71 (р=0.00), 2.40 (р=0.0004), 1.93 (р=0.002), and 2.30 (р=0.0008), correspondingly. Conclusion ― The replacement of nucleotide G by T in the IRF5 rs2004640 gene polymorphism was associated with a predisposition to SSc. Our data implied an existence of a novel SSc pathogenetic pathway associated with important role of type 1 interferon in pathophysiology of connective tissue diseases.
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Maiti AK. The African-American population with a low allele frequency of SNP rs1990760 (T allele) in IFIH1 predicts less IFN-beta expression and potential vulnerability to COVID-19 infection. Immunogenetics 2020; 72:387-391. [PMID: 32737579 PMCID: PMC7394703 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-020-01174-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Covid-19 has caused worldwide devastation. IFIH1 is a pattern recognition receptor that senses coronavirus RNA and triggers interferon production as a first line of viral immune defense. The role of IFIH1 polymorphism, rs1990760 (C>T; aaA946T) in the epidemiology of viral infection is well studied, and the minor allele T resists viral infection. Knock-in mice with mutated IFIH1 protein (946T) for this allele have enhanced interferon production and protection from lethal viral infection. The minor allele frequency (Tmaf) varies widely from Africans (0.06 to 0.35) to Chinese (0.19 to 0.23) to Caucasians (0.56 to 0.69). During the initial days of infection when the social restrictions were not imposed, I show that the infection rate in Italy was lower as expected from its higher Tmaf (0.56) than that in China (Tmaf for southern China, 0.23). The infection rate in the USA and Spain was intermediate between those two countries despite higher Caucasian overall Tmaf (0.69), perhaps due to a more admixed African population in these countries. These analyses suggest that African-Americans and Chinese with low Tmaf of rs1990760 are more vulnerable to SARS-COV2 infection, apart from other genetic factors or socioeconomic conditions in these population. Taken together, an IFN-beta supplement might aid in preventing COVID-19 infection and help in development of herd immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit K Maiti
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, Mydnavar, 2645 Somerset Boulevard, Troy, MI, 48084, USA.
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Vitali C, Dolcino M, Del Papa N, Minniti A, Pignataro F, Maglione W, Lunardi C, Puccetti A. Gene Expression Profiles in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome With and Without Systemic Manifestations. ACR Open Rheumatol 2019; 1:603-613. [PMID: 31872181 PMCID: PMC6917337 DOI: 10.1002/acr2.11082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the gene expression profile in patients with Sjögren's syndrome that is characterized by different clinical phenotypes. Methods RNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells was purified in 8 patients with glandular features (GFs) and widespread pain (WP) and 11 with extraglandular manifestations (EGMs) and then was analyzed by hybridization on a human gene chip exploring more than 40,000 human genes. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the two subgroups (ie, those with false discovery rate–corrected P values ≤ 0.01) with respect to 20 healthy controls have been submitted to functional classification using a Gene Ontology database and were mapped to define the networks of protein to protein interactions (PPIs). Results The enriched pathway analyses of DEGs and of the highly interconnected modules identified in the PPI networks showed that the pathological processes characterizing the two subgroups were substantially different. The predominant pathways in patients with EGMs are related to T‐ and B‐cell activation, Toll‐like receptor, interferon signaling, and apoptosis. Conversely, pathological processes related to pain transmission and modulation are preferentially operative in patients with GFs and WP. These data suggest that a neuroinflammatory pathway driven by cytokines and chemokines may play a central role in triggering WP features in this phenotype of patients. Conclusion The present study supports the hypothesis that different biological pathways are operative in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome with different clinical phenotypes. A better knowledge of these specific processes might help in tailoring more effective target therapies.
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Abstract
Purpose of Review The purpose is to discuss the advances that genetics and genomics have provided to better understand the molecular mechanisms behind SLE and how to solve its heterogeneity. I propose new ideas that can help us stratify lupus in order to find the best therapies for each patient, and the idea of substituting clinical diagnosis with molecular diagnosis according to their molecular patterns, an idea that may not only include lupus but also other diseases. Recent Findings The study of rare mutations may provide insight into groups of lupus patients where type I interferon signature is important and help understand those with an atypical clinical presentation. Recent papers used longitudinal blood transcriptome data correlating with disease activity scores to stratify lupus into molecular clusters. The implication of neutrophils in the risk to develop nephritis was established, but also that neutrophils and lymphocytes may correlate with activity differentiating the mechanisms of flares and separating patients into clinically separate groups. Summary The role of type I interferon signature is important; however, the stratification of SLE patients according to the genes and cellular compartments being modulated during disease activity may be even more important to define those patients who may benefit the most with new anti-type I IFN receptor therapies.
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7
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The genetics and molecular pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in populations of different ancestry. Gene 2018; 668:59-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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8
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Szlavicz E, Olah P, Szabo K, Pagani F, Bata-Csorgo Z, Kemeny L, Szell M. Analysis of psoriasis-relevant gene expression and exon usage alterations after silencing of SR-rich splicing regulators. Exp Dermatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Szlavicz
- Faculty of Medicine; Department of Dermatology and Allergology; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
- Faculty of Medicine; Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Oncodermatology; University of Pécs; Pécs Hungary
| | - Peter Olah
- Faculty of Medicine; Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Oncodermatology; University of Pécs; Pécs Hungary
- Department of Dermatology; University Hospital Düsseldorf; Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Kornélia Szabo
- Faculty of Medicine; Department of Dermatology and Allergology; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
- MTA-SZTE Dermatological Research Group; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
| | - Franco Pagani
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology; Trieste Italy
| | - Zsuzsanna Bata-Csorgo
- Faculty of Medicine; Department of Dermatology and Allergology; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
- MTA-SZTE Dermatological Research Group; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
| | - Lajos Kemeny
- Faculty of Medicine; Department of Dermatology and Allergology; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
- MTA-SZTE Dermatological Research Group; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
| | - Márta Szell
- MTA-SZTE Dermatological Research Group; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
- Faculty of Medicine; Department of Medical Genetics; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
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9
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Signalling pathways identified in salivary glands from primary Sjögren's syndrome patients reveal enhanced adipose tissue development. Autoimmunity 2018; 51:135-146. [PMID: 29504848 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2018.1446525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A characteristic feature of primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is the destruction of salivary and lacrimal glands mediated by mononuclear cell infiltration. Adipocytes can also occupy a large portion of the salivary gland (SG) tissue area, although little is known about their significance in pSS. We have previously investigated adipose tissue infiltration in SG biopsies from pSS patients and non-SS sicca controls. Our findings indicated the distinct incidence of adipose tissue replacement in pSS patients, where adipocytes were detected in interleukin (IL) 6 rich regions. We now aimed to examine the development of adipocytes in the SG microenvironment, and delineate their possible involvement in immune reactions. A microarray analysis was performed on SG from 6 pSS patients and 6 non-SS controls, where the expression levels of genes involved in adipose tissue development, inflammatory responses, and lymphoma development were assessed. Real-time PCR was carried out on SG from 14 pSS patients and 15 non-SS controls to account for IL6, IL10, and IL17 mRNA levels. Immunohistochemical staining of frozen SG tissue using IL17 was also conducted. Our results indicate signalling pathways identified in SG of pSS patients displayed genes leading to prominent adipose tissue development and reduced mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation (ARID5B, OXCT1, BDH1, SOX8, HMGCS2, FTO, ECHS1, PCCA, ACADL and ACADVL), inflammatory responses (IL1R1, IL7R, IL10RA, IL15, IL18RAP, CCL2, CCL5, CCL22, CXCR6, CD14, and CD48), and lymphoma development via JAK-STAT signalling (STAT2, TYK2, EBI3, FAS, TNFRSF1B, MAP3K8, HMOX1, LTB, TNF, STAT1, and BAK1). Genes involved in interferon production and signalling were also detected (IRF1, IRF9, and IRF7), in addition to IL6, IL10, and IL17. Higher mRNA levels of IL6, IL17 and IL10 were observed in the SG of pSS patients compared to controls. Moreover, IL17 positive cells were detected mostly interstitially in the SG and around adipocytes, also within the focal infiltrates. In conclusion, adipocyte development seems to be more prominent in the SG of pSS patients, where adipose tissue replacement is also evident. Whether this is due to disease progression, or the repair process, remains to be investigated. Detection of IL17 positive adipocytes in the target organ suggests their involvement in immune reactions.
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10
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Koch MW, Ilnytskyy Y, Golubov A, Metz LM, Yong VW, Kovalchuk O. Global transcriptome profiling of mild relapsing-remitting versus primary progressive multiple sclerosis. Eur J Neurol 2018; 25:651-658. [DOI: 10.1111/ene.13565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. W. Koch
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute; University of Calgary; Calgary AB
- Department of Community Health Sciences; University of Calgary; Calgary AB
| | - Y. Ilnytskyy
- Department of Biology; University of Lethbridge; Lethbridge AB Canada
| | - A. Golubov
- Department of Biology; University of Lethbridge; Lethbridge AB Canada
| | - L. M. Metz
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute; University of Calgary; Calgary AB
| | - V. W. Yong
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute; University of Calgary; Calgary AB
| | - O. Kovalchuk
- Department of Biology; University of Lethbridge; Lethbridge AB Canada
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11
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Dendritic cell recruitment and activation in autoimmunity. J Autoimmun 2017; 85:126-140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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12
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Szlavicz E, Szabo K, Groma G, Bata-Csorgo Z, Pagani F, Kemeny L, Szell M. Splicing factors differentially expressed in psoriasis alter mRNA maturation of disease-associated EDA+ fibronectin. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 436:189-199. [PMID: 28589370 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3090-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The EDA+ fibronectin splicing variant is overexpressed in psoriatic non-lesional epidermis and sensitizes keratinocytes to mitogenic signals. However, regulation of its abundance is only partially understood. In our recent cDNA microarray experiment, we identified three SR-rich splicing factors-splicing factor, arginine/serine-rich 18 (SFRS18), peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase G (PPIG), and luc-7 like protein 3 (LUC7L3)-which might be implicated in the preactivated states of keratinocytes in psoriatic non-involved skin and could also contribute to the regulation of fibronectin mRNA maturation. In this study, we investigated the role of LUC7L3, PPIG, and SFRS18 in psoriasis and in the mRNA maturation process of fibronectin. Regarding tissue staining experiments, we were able to demonstrate a characteristic distribution of the splicing factors in healthy, psoriatic non-involved and involved epidermis. Moreover, the expression profiles of these SR-rich proteins were found to be very similar in synchronized keratinocytes. Contribution of splicing facwwtors to the EDA+ fibronectin formation was also confirmed: their siRNA silencing leads to altered fibronectin mRNA and protein expression patterns, suggesting the participation in the EDA domain inclusion. Our results indicate that LUC7L3, PPIG, and SFRS18 are not only implicated in EDA+ fibronectin formation, but also that they could possess multiple roles in psoriasis-associated molecular abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Szlavicz
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, 6 Korányi fasor, Szeged, 6720, Hungary.
| | - K Szabo
- MTA-SZTE Dermatological Research Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - G Groma
- MTA-SZTE Dermatological Research Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Z Bata-Csorgo
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, 6 Korányi fasor, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
- MTA-SZTE Dermatological Research Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - F Pagani
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - L Kemeny
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, 6 Korányi fasor, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
- MTA-SZTE Dermatological Research Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - M Szell
- MTA-SZTE Dermatological Research Group, Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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Matta B, Song S, Li D, Barnes BJ. Interferon regulatory factor signaling in autoimmune disease. Cytokine 2017; 98:15-26. [PMID: 28283223 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) play critical roles in pathogen-induced innate immune responses and the subsequent induction of adaptive immune response. Dysregulation of IRF signaling is therefore thought to contribute to autoimmune disease pathogenesis. Indeed, numerous murine in vivo studies have documented protection from or enhanced susceptibility to particular autoimmune diseases in Irf-deficient mice. What has been lacking, however, is replication of these in vivo observations in primary immune cells from patients with autoimmune disease. These types of studies are essential as the majority of in vivo data support a protective role for IRFs in Irf-deficient mice, yet IRFs are often found to be overexpressed in patient immune cells. A significant body of work is beginning to emerge from both of these areas of study - mouse and human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharati Matta
- Center for Autoimmune and Musculoskeletal Diseases, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, United States
| | - Su Song
- Center for Autoimmune and Musculoskeletal Diseases, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, United States
| | - Dan Li
- Center for Autoimmune and Musculoskeletal Diseases, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, United States
| | - Betsy J Barnes
- Center for Autoimmune and Musculoskeletal Diseases, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, United States.
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Balada E, Felip L, Ordi-Ros J, Vilardell-Tarrés M. DUSP23 is over-expressed and linked to the expression of DNMTs in CD4 + T cells from systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Clin Exp Immunol 2016; 187:242-250. [PMID: 27737517 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the transcriptional expression of dual-specificity protein phosphatase 23 (DUSP23) in CD4+ T cells from 30 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and 30 healthy controls. DUSP23 mRNA levels were considerably higher in the patient group: 1490 ± 1713 versus 294·1 ± 204·2. No association was found between DUSP23 mRNA expression and the presence of typical serological and clinical parameters associated with SLE. Meaningful statistical values were obtained in the patient group between the levels of DUSP23 and integrin subunit alpha L (ITGAL), perforin 1 (PRF1) and CD40L. Similarly, transcript levels of different DNA methylation-related enzymes [DNA methylation-related enzymes (DNMT1, DNMT3A, DNMT3B, MBD2, and MBD4)] were also correlated positively with the expression of DUSP23. In an attempt to counteract the hypomethylation status of the promoters of certain genes known to be over-expressed in SLE, it is possible that DUSP23 acts as a negative regulatory mechanism which ultimately silences the transcription of these epigenetically regulated genes by triggering an increase in the expression of different DNMTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Balada
- Research Unit in Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Felip
- Research Unit in Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Ordi-Ros
- Research Unit in Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Vilardell-Tarrés
- Research Unit in Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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15
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Panda SK, Kolbeck R, Sanjuan MA. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells in autoimmunity. Curr Opin Immunol 2016; 44:20-25. [PMID: 27855321 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) is a unique cell population that produces large amounts of type I interferon upon recognition of nucleic acids placing them at the crossroad of both innate and adaptive immunity. Their ability to produce interferon makes them central to anti-viral responses. They are also responsive to circulating autoantibodies bound to nuclear antigens and in that scenario the release of interferons initiate self-directed immune responses. There are now a growing number of autoimmune disorders where unabated activation of pDC is suspected to be pathogenic. Here, we discuss the different mechanisms responsible for breaking tolerance to self-nucleic acids by pDC, including the novel role of IgE autoantibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus. We also summarized the recent progress on therapies undergoing clinical testing that target either pDC or type I interferons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh K Panda
- Dept of Respiratory, Inflammation & Autoimmunity, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Roland Kolbeck
- Dept of Respiratory, Inflammation & Autoimmunity, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Miguel A Sanjuan
- Dept of Respiratory, Inflammation & Autoimmunity, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
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Gui J, Gober M, Yang X, Katlinski KV, Marshall CM, Sharma M, Werth VP, Baker DP, Rui H, Seykora JT, Fuchs SY. Therapeutic Elimination of the Type 1 Interferon Receptor for Treating Psoriatic Skin Inflammation. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:1990-2002. [PMID: 27369778 PMCID: PMC5035634 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.06.608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Phototherapy with UV light is a standard treatment for psoriasis, yet the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects are not well understood. Studies in human and mouse keratinocytes and in the skin tissues from human patients and mice showed that UV treatment triggers ubiquitination and downregulation of the type I IFN receptor chain IFNAR1, leading to suppression of IFN signaling and an ensuing decrease in the expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. The severity of imiquimod-induced psoriasiform inflammation was greatly exacerbated in skin of mice deficient in IFNAR1 ubiquitination (Ifnar1(SA)). Furthermore, these mice did not benefit from UV phototherapy. Pharmacologic induction of IFNAR1 ubiquitination and degradation by an antiprotozoal agent halofuginone also relieved psoriasiform inflammation in wild-type but not in Ifnar1(SA) mice. These data identify downregulation of IFNAR1 by UV as a major mechanism of the UV therapeutic effects against the psoriatic inflammation and provide a proof of principle for future development of agents capable of inducing IFNAR1 ubiquitination and downregulation for the treatment of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Gui
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael Gober
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kanstantsin V Katlinski
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christine M Marshall
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Meena Sharma
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Victoria P Werth
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Hallgeir Rui
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - John T Seykora
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Serge Y Fuchs
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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17
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Hafeez F, Miteva M. SnapshotDx Quiz: October 2016. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:e105. [PMID: 30477727 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farhaan Hafeez
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami L. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Mariya Miteva
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami L. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
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18
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Biesen R, Rose T, Hoyer BF, Alexander T, Hiepe F. Autoantibodies, complement and type I interferon as biomarkers for personalized medicine in SLE. Lupus 2016; 25:823-9. [DOI: 10.1177/0961203316640922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) can be a mysterious disease, presenting with extremely divergent clinical phenotypes. Already, biomarkers are very helpful tools for diagnosis, assessment and monitoring of disease activity, differential diagnosis of clinical manifestations, prediction of the disease course and stratified therapy, and they hold the key to personalized medicine in SLE. We summarize the clinical information that can only be supplied by autoantibodies, complement components and interferon biomarkers in this diverse disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Biesen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - T Rose
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - B F Hoyer
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - T Alexander
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - F Hiepe
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Abstract
Interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) has been demonstrated as a key transcription factor of the immune system, playing important roles in modulating inflammatory immune responses in numerous cell types including dendritic cells, macrophages, and B cells. As well as driving the expression of type I interferon in antiviral responses, IRF5 is also crucial for driving macrophages toward a proinflammatory phenotype by regulating cytokine and chemokine expression and modulating B-cell maturity and antibody production. This review highlights the functional importance of IRF5 in a disease setting, by discussing polymorphic mutations at the human Irf5 locus that lead to susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease. In concordance with this, we also discuss lessons in IRF5 functionality learned from murine in vivo models of autoimmune disease and inflammation and hypothesize that modulation of IRF5 activity and expression could provide potential therapeutic benefits in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley L Eames
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Alastair L Corbin
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Irina A Udalova
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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20
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Balada E, Selva-O'Callaghan A, Felip L, Ordi-Ros J, Simeón-Aznar CP, Solans-Laqué R, Vilardell-Tarrés M. Sequence analysis of TMEM173 exon 5 in patients with systemic autoimmune diseases. Autoimmunity 2015; 49:12-6. [PMID: 26593864 DOI: 10.3109/08916934.2015.1113404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overactivation of the interferon pathways has been demonstrated in patients suffering from different systemic autoimmune diseases (SADs). Genetic associations have been described for many genes involved in these pathways. Gain-of-function mutations in the TMEM173 gene have recently been reported in patients with autoinflammatory diseases that share some clinical features with SADs. METHODS We aimed at detecting the reported three mutations of transmembrane protein 173 (TMEM173) exon 5 in 100 patients suffering from: systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (n = 22), primary antiphospholipid syndrome (PAPS) (n = 20), systemic sclerosis (SSc) (n = 20), dermatomyositis (DM) (n = 20), and vasculitis (n = 18). Samples from 19 healthy controls were also included. Sequence analyses were performed from the derived TMEM173 exon 5 PCR fragment amplified from DNA obtained from whole blood. RESULTS Neither mutations nor single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the exon 5 of the TMEM173 gene were detected. Just the rs7380272 SNP, located in the intronic region upstream exon 5, was detected in some patients and controls. The allele frequency of this SNP, though, was not statistically different between the patients groups and the control group. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates the lack of association between the presence of SADs and mutations in exon 5 of the TMEM173 gene. SADs are complex multifactorial diseases in which not just one but probably many different genetic alterations may coexist. Although we cannot rule out the possibility that other variations may exist in other regions of this gene, we think that studies must be directed towards the analysis of other genes which, as TMEM173, also code for nucleic acid sensors that activate the nucleic-acid induced type I IFN pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Balada
- a Research Unit in Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - A Selva-O'Callaghan
- a Research Unit in Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - L Felip
- a Research Unit in Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - J Ordi-Ros
- a Research Unit in Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - C P Simeón-Aznar
- a Research Unit in Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - R Solans-Laqué
- a Research Unit in Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - M Vilardell-Tarrés
- a Research Unit in Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
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21
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Sheng YJ, Xu JH, Wu YG, Zuo XB, Gao JP, Lin Y, Zhu ZW, Wen LL, Yang C, Liu L, Cheng YY, Chang Y, Yang LL, Zhou FS, Tang XF, Zheng XD, Yin XY, Tang HY, Sun LD, Cui Y, Yang S, Zhang XJ. Association analyses confirm five susceptibility loci for systemic lupus erythematosus in the Han Chinese population. Arthritis Res Ther 2015; 17:85. [PMID: 25890262 PMCID: PMC4404072 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-015-0602-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem autoimmune disease. Currently, numerous genetic loci of SLE have been confirmed. Here we try to further explore additional genes contributing to SLE susceptibility in this study. Methods Forty nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with moderate-risk for SLE in previous study were genotyped in a large-scale replication study with a total of 3,522 cases and 8,252 controls using the Sequenom Massarray system. Association analyses were performed using logistic regression with gender or sample cohorts as a covariate through PLINK 1.07 software. Results This replication effort confirmed five reported SLE susceptibility loci reaching genome-wide levels of significance (Pmeta <5.00 × 10−08): TNFSF4 (rs1418190, odds ratio (OR) = 0.81, Pmeta = 1.08 × 10−08; rs4916219, OR = 0.80, Pmeta = 7.77 × 10−09), IRF8 (rs2934498, OR = 1.25, Pmeta = 4.97 × 10−09), miR-146a (rs2431697, OR = 0.69, Pmeta = 1.15 × 10−22), CD44 (rs2732547, OR = 0.82, Pmeta = 1.55 × 10−11), and TMEM39A (rs12494314, OR = 0.84, Pmeta = 1.01 × 10−09). Further logistic regression analysis indicated that the genetic effects within TNFSF4 detected in this study are independent from our previously reported signals. Conclusions This study increases the number of established susceptibility loci for SLE in Han Chinese population and highlights the contribution of multiple variants of modest effect. Although further studies will be required to identify the causal alleles within these loci, the findings make a significant step forward in our understanding of the genetic contribution to SLE in Chinese population. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13075-015-0602-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-jun Sheng
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China. .,Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, China, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China. .,State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Complex and Severe Dermatosis, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
| | - Jian-hua Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, No.1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
| | - Yong-gui Wu
- Department of Nephrology, No.1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
| | - Xian-bo Zuo
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China. .,Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, China, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China. .,State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Complex and Severe Dermatosis, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
| | - Jin-ping Gao
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China. .,Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, China, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China. .,State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Complex and Severe Dermatosis, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
| | - Yan Lin
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China. .,Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, China, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China. .,State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Complex and Severe Dermatosis, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
| | - Zheng-wei Zhu
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China. .,Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, China, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China. .,State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Complex and Severe Dermatosis, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
| | - Lei-lei Wen
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China. .,Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, China, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China. .,State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Complex and Severe Dermatosis, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
| | - Chao Yang
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China. .,Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, China, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China. .,State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Complex and Severe Dermatosis, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
| | - Lu Liu
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China. .,Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, China, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China. .,State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Complex and Severe Dermatosis, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
| | - Yu-yan Cheng
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China. .,Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, China, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China. .,State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Complex and Severe Dermatosis, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
| | - Yan Chang
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China. .,Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, China, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China. .,State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Complex and Severe Dermatosis, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
| | - Lu-lu Yang
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China. .,Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, China, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China. .,State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Complex and Severe Dermatosis, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
| | - Fu-sheng Zhou
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China. .,Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, China, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China. .,State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Complex and Severe Dermatosis, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
| | - Xian-fa Tang
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China. .,Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, China, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China. .,State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Complex and Severe Dermatosis, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
| | - Xiao-dong Zheng
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China. .,Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, China, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China. .,State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Complex and Severe Dermatosis, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
| | - Xian-yong Yin
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China. .,Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, China, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China. .,State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Complex and Severe Dermatosis, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
| | - Hua-yang Tang
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China. .,Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, China, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China. .,State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Complex and Severe Dermatosis, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
| | - Liang-dan Sun
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China. .,Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, China, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China. .,State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Complex and Severe Dermatosis, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
| | - Yong Cui
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China. .,Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, China, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China. .,State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Complex and Severe Dermatosis, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China. .,Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Sen Yang
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China. .,Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, China, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China. .,State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Complex and Severe Dermatosis, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
| | - Xue-jun Zhang
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China. .,Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, China, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China. .,State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Complex and Severe Dermatosis, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
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Epigenetics in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus: potential clinical application. Clin Immunol 2014; 155:79-90. [PMID: 25218424 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The current treatments of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have been based on the use of immunosuppressive drugs which are linked to serious side effects. The more effective therapeutic approaches with minimal or no side effects for SLE patients are hard to develop, mainly due to the complexity of the disease. The discovery of pharmacoepigenetics provides a new way to solve this problem. Epigenetic modifications can influence drug efficacy by altering gene expression via changing chromatin structure. Although still in early development, epigenetic studies in SLE are expected to reveal novel therapeutic targets and disease biomarkers in autoimmunity. For example, miRNAs, which have been identified to govern many genes including drug targets, are altered in disease development and after drug administration. This review aims to present an overview of current epigenetic mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of SLE, and discuss their potential roles in clinical and pharmacological applications.
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23
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Fodil M, Teixeira VH, Chaudru V, Hilliquin P, Bombardieri S, Balsa A, Westhovens R, Barrera P, Alves H, Migliorin P, Bardin T, Cornelis F, Boudjema A, Petit-Teixeira E. Relationship between SNPs and expression level for candidate genes in rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol 2014; 44:2-7. [PMID: 25221852 DOI: 10.3109/03009742.2014.918175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study of polymorphisms of genes differentially expressed may lead to the identification of putative causal genetic variants in multifactorial diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Based on preceding transcriptomic results, we genotyped 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) belonging to six genes (S100A8, RNASE2, PGLYRP1, RUNX3, IL2RB, and LY96) showing the highest fold change (> 1.9) when level of expression was compared between RA patients and controls. These SNPs were then analysed to evaluate their role in RA. METHOD The relationship between gene expression and genotypes of SNPs was first investigated by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests in RA patients and controls. The genetic association of these SNPs with RA were then analysed using family-based association tests in trio families. RESULTS We found that RNASE2 gene expression was related to rs2013109 genotypes in 14 RA patients (p = 0.030). The association study in a discovery sample of 200 French trio families revealed a significant association with RA for one SNP, PGLYRP1-rs2041992 (p = 0.019); this association was stronger in trios where RA patients carried the HLA-DRB1 shared epitope (SE) (p = 0.003). However, this association was not found in a replication sample of 240 European trio families (p = 0.6). CONCLUSIONS Family-based association tests did not reveal an association between RA and any SNP of the candidate genes tested. However, RNASE2 gene expression was differentially expressed in RA patients considering a sequence polymorphism. This result led us to highlight the potential disease-specific regulation for this candidate gene in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fodil
- GenHotel-EA3886, Evry-Val d'Essonne University, Evry-Genopole , France
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Szlavicz E, Szabo K, Bata-Csorgo Z, Kemeny L, Szell M. What have we learned about non-involved psoriatic skin from large-scale gene expression studies? World J Dermatol 2014; 3:50-57. [DOI: 10.5314/wjd.v3.i3.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2013] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder; its genetic background has been widely studied in recent decades. Recognition of novel factors contributing to the pathogenesis of this disorder was facilitated by potent molecular biology tools developed during the 1990s. Large-scale gene expression studies, including differential display and microarray, have been used in experimental dermatology to a great extent; moreover, skin was one of the first organs analyzed using these methods. We performed our first comprehensive gene expression analysis in 2000. With the help of differential display and microarray, we have discovered several novel factors contributing to the inherited susceptibility for psoriasis, including the EDA+ fibronectin splice variant and PRINS. The long non-coding PRINS RNA is expressed at higher levels in non-involved skin compared to healthy and involved psoriatic epidermis and might be a factor contributing cellular stress responses and, specifically, to the development of psoriatic symptoms. This review summarizes the most important results of our large-scale gene expression studies.
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25
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Wilson EB, Brooks DG. Decoding the complexity of type I interferon to treat persistent viral infections. Trends Microbiol 2013; 21:634-40. [PMID: 24216022 PMCID: PMC3864553 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFN-I) are a broad family of cytokines that are central to the innate immune response. These proteins have long been appreciated for the critical roles they play in restraining viral infections and shaping antiviral immune responses. However, in recent years there has been increased awareness of the immunosuppressive actions of these proteins as well. Although there are many current therapeutic applications to manipulate IFN-I pathways, we have limited understanding of the mechanisms by which these therapies are actually functioning. In this review, we highlight the diversity and temporal impact of IFN-I signaling, discuss the current therapeutic uses of IFN-I, and explore the strategy of blocking IFN-I to alleviate immune dysfunction in persistent virus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth B Wilson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics and the UCLA AIDS Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of the salivary and lachrymal glands resulting in dry eyes and mouth. Genetic predisposition, pathogenic infections and hormones have been implicated in the pathogenesis of the disease. Studies in the last several years have revealed marked over-expression of the type I interferon (IFN)-inducible genes in the peripheral blood and salivary glands of patients with Sjögren's syndrome. The expression of the type I IFN-inducible genes in Sjögren's syndrome also positively correlates to titers of anti-Ro and anti-La autoantibodies, which are typical for this disease. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) are the major source of type I IFN production and activated pDC are detected in minor salivary gland biopsies from patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome. In addition, polymorphisms in genes important both for the production and response to type I IFN are associated to increased risk for Sjögren's syndrome. Because type I IFN bears a variety of biological functions, such as defense against viral infections and activation of the immune system, these results suggest that the type I IFN system has an important role in the pathogenesis of Sjögren's syndrome. A variety of mechanisms causing an activation of the type I IFN system are discussed in this review. Given the pivotal role of type I IFN in the disease process, therapeutic interventions targeting the type I IFN signaling pathway have the potential to benefit the patients with elevated type I IFN status and such hypothesis needs to be carefully evaluated in clinical development.
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Bronson PG, Chaivorapol C, Ortmann W, Behrens TW, Graham RR. The genetics of type I interferon in systemic lupus erythematosus. Curr Opin Immunol 2012; 24:530-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2012.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Revised: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Aricò E, Belardelli F. Interferon-α as antiviral and antitumor vaccine adjuvants: mechanisms of action and response signature. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2012; 32:235-47. [PMID: 22490303 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2011.0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon-α (IFN-α) are cytokines endowed with multiple biologic effects, including activities on cells of the immune system, which are important for inducing protective antiviral and antitumor responses. Studies in mouse models have been instrumental for understanding the immune adjuvant activity of these cytokines and some of their mechanisms of action. In particular, recent studies conducted on both mouse and human models suggest that IFN-α act as effective immune adjuvants for inducing antiviral and antitumor immunity and that the effects of IFN on the differentiation and activation of dendritic cells (DC) play an important role in the induction of protective responses. In spite of the long record of IFN-α clinical use, a few clinical trials have attempted to evaluate the efficacy of these cytokines used as vaccine adjuvants. Recently, studies on the IFN-α signature in cells from patients treated with IFN-α under different modalities and various clinical settings have provided important insights for understanding the in vivo mechanisms of the IFN immune adjuvant activity in humans and may contribute to the identification of molecular markers with a clinical response. These studies further support the interest of evaluating the clinical efficacy of IFN-α when used as a vaccine adjuvant and also suggest that the DC generated in vitro from monocytes in the presence of this cytokine can exhibit a special advantage for the development of effective therapeutic vaccination strategies in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Aricò
- Department of Haematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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Prinz M, Knobeloch KP. Type I interferons as ambiguous modulators of chronic inflammation in the central nervous system. Front Immunol 2012; 3:67. [PMID: 22566948 PMCID: PMC3342377 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs) were originally identified as antiviral effector molecules that exert pleiotropic physiological processes ranging from immune modulation, control of proliferation, apoptosis to antitumor activity. However, type I IFNs were recently also shown to apply both beneficial and detrimental effects to the central nervous system (CNS) and a tightly balanced equilibrium between cellular activation and inhibition seems to be essential to maintain homeostasis within the CNS. In inflammatory pathologies affecting the CNS, type I IFNs are in the center of attention not only because interferon beta (IFN-β) is used as a standard therapeutic in the treatment of relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (MS), but also as type I IFN expression is associated with distinct pathologies. Despite the great efficiency of IFN-β in reducing MS relapses and attenuation of novel inflammatory lesions is well documented, underlying molecular mechanisms and cellular target specificities are just beginning to emerge. In contrast to the curative effects, aberrant activation of the type I IFN response were also recently shown to be associated with detrimental effects exemplified by the Aicardi–Goutières syndrome (AGS), a severe disabling autoimmune inflammatory encephalopathy. This review will highlight the dual role of type I interferons during chronic CNS inflammation. Recently uncovered molecular and cellular mechanisms in the etiology of AGS and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the murine model of MS will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Prinz
- Department of Neuropathology, University Clinic Freiburg Freiburg, Germany
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30
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Lessard C, Adrianto I, Ice J, Wiley G, Kelly J, Glenn S, Adler A, Li H, Rasmussen A, Williams A, Ziegler J, Comeau M, Marion M, Wakeland B, Liang C, Ramos P, Grundahl K, Gallant C, Alarcón G, Anaya JM, Bae SC, Boackle S, Brown E, Chang DM, Cho SK, Criswell L, Edberg J, Freedman B, Gilkeson G, Jacob C, James J, Kamen D, Kimberly R, Kim JH, Martin J, Merrill J, Niewold T, Park SY, Petri M, Pons-Estel B, Ramsey-Goldman R, Reveille J, Scofield R, Song Y, Stevens A, Tsao B, Vila L, Vyse T, Yu CY, Guthridge J, Kaufman K, Harley J, Wakeland E, Langefeld C, Gaffney P, Montgomery C, Moser K. Identification of IRF8, TMEM39A, and IKZF3-ZPBP2 as susceptibility loci for systemic lupus erythematosus in a large-scale multiracial replication study. Am J Hum Genet 2012; 90:648-60. [PMID: 22464253 PMCID: PMC3322228 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2011] [Revised: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic heterogeneous autoimmune disorder characterized by the loss of tolerance to self-antigens and dysregulated interferon responses. The etiology of SLE is complex, involving both heritable and environmental factors. Candidate-gene studies and genome-wide association (GWA) scans have been successful in identifying new loci that contribute to disease susceptibility; however, much of the heritable risk has yet to be identified. In this study, we sought to replicate 1,580 variants showing suggestive association with SLE in a previously published GWA scan of European Americans; we tested a multiethnic population consisting of 7,998 SLE cases and 7,492 controls of European, African American, Asian, Hispanic, Gullah, and Amerindian ancestry to find association with the disease. Several genes relevant to immunological pathways showed association with SLE. Three loci exceeded the genome-wide significance threshold: interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8; rs11644034; p(meta-Euro) = 2.08 × 10(-10)), transmembrane protein 39A (TMEM39A; rs1132200; p(meta-all) = 8.62 × 10(-9)), and 17q21 (rs1453560; p(meta-all) = 3.48 × 10(-10)) between IKAROS family of zinc finger 3 (AIOLOS; IKZF3) and zona pellucida binding protein 2 (ZPBP2). Fine mapping, resequencing, imputation, and haplotype analysis of IRF8 indicated that three independent effects tagged by rs8046526, rs450443, and rs4843869, respectively, were required for risk in individuals of European ancestry. Eleven additional replicated effects (5 × 10(-8) < p(meta-Euro) < 9.99 × 10(-5)) were observed with CFHR1, CADM2, LOC730109/IL12A, LPP, LOC63920, SLU7, ADAMTSL1, C10orf64, OR8D4, FAM19A2, and STXBP6. The results of this study increase the number of confirmed SLE risk loci and identify others warranting further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Lessard
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Indra Adrianto
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - John A. Ice
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Graham B. Wiley
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Kelly
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Stuart B. Glenn
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Adam J. Adler
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - He Li
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Astrid Rasmussen
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Adrienne H. Williams
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Julie Ziegler
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Mary E. Comeau
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Miranda Marion
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Benjamin E. Wakeland
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Chaoying Liang
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Paula S. Ramos
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Kiely M. Grundahl
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Caroline J. Gallant
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75105, Sweden
| | | | - Graciela S. Alarcón
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Juan-Manuel Anaya
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Sang-Cheol Bae
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul 133-792, Korea
| | - Susan A. Boackle
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Elizabeth E. Brown
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | | | - Soo-Kyung Cho
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul 133-792, Korea
| | - Lindsey A. Criswell
- Rosalind Russell Medical Research Center for Arthritis, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jeffrey C. Edberg
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Barry I. Freedman
- Section on Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Gary S. Gilkeson
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Chaim O. Jacob
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Judith A. James
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Diane L. Kamen
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Robert P. Kimberly
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jae-Hoon Kim
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul 133-792, Korea
| | - Javier Martin
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López-Neyra, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Granada 18100, Spain
| | - Joan T. Merrill
- Clinical Pharmacology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Timothy B. Niewold
- Section of Rheumatology and Gwen Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - So-Yeon Park
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul 133-792, Korea
| | - Michelle A. Petri
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | | | - Rosalind Ramsey-Goldman
- Division of Rheumatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - John D. Reveille
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunogenetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - R. Hal Scofield
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- US Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Yeong Wook Song
- Division of Rheumatology, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | - Anne M. Stevens
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Betty P. Tsao
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Luis M. Vila
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan 00936-5067, Puerto Rico
| | - Timothy J. Vyse
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Infection, and Inflammatory Disease, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Chack-Yung Yu
- Center for Molecular and Human Genetics, The Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Joel M. Guthridge
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Kenneth M. Kaufman
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- US Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA
| | - John B. Harley
- Division of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- US Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA
| | - Edward K. Wakeland
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Carl D. Langefeld
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Patrick M. Gaffney
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Courtney G. Montgomery
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Kathy L. Moser
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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Löfgren SE, Frostegård J, Truedsson L, Pons-Estel BA, D'Alfonso S, Witte T, Lauwerys BR, Endreffy E, Kovács L, Vasconcelos C, Martins da Silva B, Kozyrev SV, Alarcón-Riquelme ME. Genetic association of miRNA-146a with systemic lupus erythematosus in Europeans through decreased expression of the gene. Genes Immun 2012; 13:268-74. [PMID: 22218224 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2011.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A recent genome-wide association study revealed a variant (rs2431697) in an intergenic region, between the pituitary tumor-transforming 1 (PTTG1) and microRNA (miR-146a) genes, associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) susceptibility. Here, we analyzed with a case-control design this variant and other candidate polymorphisms in this region together with expression analysis in order to clarify to which gene this association is related. The single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs2431697, rs2910164 and rs2277920 were genotyped by TaqMan assays in 1324 SLE patients and 1453 healthy controls of European ancestry. Genetic association was statistically analyzed using Unphased. Gene expression of PTTG1, the miRNAs miR-3142 and primary and mature forms of miR-146a in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were assessed by quantitative real-time PCR. Of the three variants analyzed, only rs2431697 was genetically associated with SLE in Europeans. Gene expression analysis revealed that this SNP was not associated with PTTG1 expression levels, but with the microRNA-146a, where the risk allele correlates with lower expression of the miRNA. We replicated the genetic association of rs2341697 with SLE in a case-control study in Europeans and demonstrated that the risk allele of this SNP correlates with a downregulation of the miRNA 146a, potentially important in SLE etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Löfgren
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Baechler EC, Bilgic H, Reed AM. Type I interferon pathway in adult and juvenile dermatomyositis. Arthritis Res Ther 2011; 13:249. [PMID: 22192711 PMCID: PMC3334651 DOI: 10.1186/ar3531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene expression profiling and protein studies of the type I interferon pathway have revealed important insights into the disease process in adult and juvenile dermatomyositis. The most prominent and consistent feature has been a characteristic whole blood gene signature indicating upregulation of the type I interferon pathway. Upregulation of the type I interferon protein signature has added additional markers of disease activity and insight into the pathogenesis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C Baechler
- Division of Rheumatic and Autoimmune Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Rönnblom L. The type I interferon system in the etiopathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Ups J Med Sci 2011; 116:227-37. [PMID: 22066971 PMCID: PMC3207297 DOI: 10.3109/03009734.2011.624649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Many patients with systemic autoimmune diseases have signs of a continuous production of type I interferon (IFN) and display an increased expression of IFN-α-regulated genes. The reason for the on-going IFN-α synthesis in these patients seems to be an activation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) by immune complexes (ICs), consisting of autoantibodies in combination with DNA or RNA-containing autoantigens. Such interferogenic ICs are internalized via the FcγRIIa expressed on pDCs, reach the endosome, and stimulate Toll-like receptor (TLR)-7 or -9, which subsequently leads to IFN-α gene transcription. Variants of genes involved in both the IFN-α synthesis and response have been linked to an increased risk to develop systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and other autoimmune diseases. Among these autoimmunity risk genes are IFN regulatory factor 5 (IRF5), which is involved in TLR signaling, and the signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4) that interacts with the type I IFN receptor. Several other gene variants in the IFN signaling pathway also confer an increased risk to develop an autoimmune disease. The observations that IFN-α therapy can induce autoimmunity and that many autoimmune conditions have an on-going type I IFN production suggest that the type I IFN system has a pivotal role in the etiopathogenesis of these diseases. Possible mechanisms behind the dysregulated type IFNsystem in autoimmune diseases and how the IFN-α produced can contribute to the development of an autoimmune process will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Rönnblom
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Rheumatology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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34
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Lessard CJ, Ice JA, Adrianto I, Wiley GB, Kelly JA, Gaffney PM, Montgomery CG, Moser KL. The genomics of autoimmune disease in the era of genome-wide association studies and beyond. Autoimmun Rev 2011; 11:267-75. [PMID: 22001415 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2011.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in the field of genetics have dramatically changed our understanding of autoimmune disease. Candidate gene and, more recently, genome-wide association (GWA) studies have led to an explosion in the number of loci and pathways known to contribute to autoimmune phenotypes. Since the 1970s, researchers have known that several alleles in the MHC region play a role in the pathogenesis of many autoimmune diseases. More recent work has identified numerous risk loci involving both the innate and adaptive immune responses. However, much remains to be learned about the heritability of autoimmune conditions. Most regions found through GWA scans have yet to isolate the association to the causal allele(s) responsible for conferring disease risk. A role for rare variants (allele frequencies of <1%) has begun to emerge. Future research will use next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology to comprehensively evaluate the human genome for risk variants. Whole-transcriptome sequencing is now possible, which will provide much more detailed gene expression data. The dramatic drop in the cost and time required to sequence the entire human genome will ultimately make it possible for this technology to be used as a clinical diagnostic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Lessard
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73003, USA.
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Ramos PS, Williams AH, Ziegler JT, Comeau ME, Guy RT, Lessard CJ, Li H, Edberg JC, Zidovetzki R, Criswell LA, Gaffney PM, Graham DC, Graham RR, Kelly JA, Kaufman KM, Brown EE, Alarcón GS, Petri MA, Reveille JD, McGwin G, Vilá LM, Ramsey-Goldman R, Jacob CO, Vyse TJ, Tsao BP, Harley JB, Kimberly RP, Alarcón-Riquelme ME, Langefeld CD, Moser KL. Genetic analyses of interferon pathway-related genes reveal multiple new loci associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 2011; 63:2049-57. [PMID: 21437871 PMCID: PMC3128183 DOI: 10.1002/art.30356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The overexpression of interferon (IFN)-inducible genes is a prominent feature of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE); it serves as a marker for active and more severe disease, and is also observed in other autoimmune and inflammatory conditions. This study was undertaken to investigate the genetic variations responsible for sustained activation of IFN-responsive genes in SLE. METHODS We systematically evaluated association of SLE with a total of 1,754 IFN pathway-related genes, including IFN-inducible genes known to be differentially expressed in SLE patients and their direct regulators. We used a 3-stage study design in which 2 cohorts (total of 939 SLE cases and 3,398 controls) were analyzed independently and jointly for association with SLE, and the results were adjusted for the number of comparisons. RESULTS A total of 15,166 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) passed all quality control filters; 305 of these SNPs demonstrated replicated association with SLE in both cohorts. Nine variants were further genotyped for confirmation in an average of 1,316 independent SLE cases and 3,215 independent controls. Association with SLE was confirmed for several genes, including those for the transmembrane receptor CD44 (CD44 [rs507230]; P = 3.98 × 10⁻¹²), the cytokine pleiotrophin (PTN [rs919581]; P = 5.38 × 10⁻⁴), the heat-shock protein DnaJ (DNAJA1 [rs10971259]; P = 6.31 × 10⁻³), and the nuclear import protein karyopherin α1 (KPNA [rs6810306]; P = 4.91 × 10⁻²). CONCLUSION This study expands the number of candidate genes that have been shown to be associated with SLE and highlights potential of pathway-based approaches for gene discovery. Identification of the causal alleles will help elucidate the molecular mechanisms responsible for activation of the IFN system in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula S Ramos
- Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
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Aricò E, Castiello L, Urbani F, Rizza P, Panelli MC, Wang E, Marincola FM, Belardelli F. Concomitant detection of IFNα signature and activated monocyte/dendritic cell precursors in the peripheral blood of IFNα-treated subjects at early times after repeated local cytokine treatments. J Transl Med 2011; 9:67. [PMID: 21586124 PMCID: PMC3115876 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-9-67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interferons alpha (IFNα) are the cytokines most widely used in clinical medicine for the treatment of cancer and viral infections. Among the immunomodulatory activities possibly involved in their therapeutic efficacy, the importance of IFNα effects on dendritic cells (DC) differentiation and activation has been considered. Despite several studies exploiting microarray technology to characterize IFNα mechanisms of action, there is currently no consensus on the core signature of these cytokines in the peripheral blood of IFNα-treated individuals, as well as on the existence of blood genomic and proteomic markers of low-dose IFNα administered as a vaccine adjuvant. METHODS Gene profiling analysis with microarray was performed on PBMC isolated from melanoma patients and healthy individuals 24 hours after each repeated injection of low-dose IFNα, administered as vaccine adjuvant in two separate clinical trials. At the same time points, cytofluorimetric analysis was performed on CD14+ monocytes, to detect the phenotypic modifications exerted by IFNα on antigen presenting cells precursors. RESULTS An IFNα signature was consistently observed in both clinical settings 24 hours after each repeated administration of the cytokine. The observed modulation was transient, and did not reach a steady state level refractory to further stimulations. The molecular signature observed ex vivo largely matched the one detected in CD14+ monocytes exposed in vitro to IFNα, including the induction of CXCL10 at the transcriptional and protein level. Interestingly, IFNα ex vivo signature was paralleled by an increase in the percentage and expression of costimulatory molecules by circulating CD14+/CD16+ monocytes, indicated as natural precursors of DC in response to danger signals. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide new insights into the identification of a well defined molecular signature as biomarker of IFNα administered as immune adjuvants, and for the characterization of new molecular and cellular players, such as CXCL10 and CD14+/CD16+ cells, mediating and possibly predicting patient response to these cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Aricò
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
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Genetics and genomics of Sjögren's syndrome: research provides clues to pathogenesis and novel therapies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 111:673-80. [PMID: 21497524 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2011.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2010] [Revised: 01/04/2011] [Accepted: 01/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although the key inciting events that drive the progression from autoantibodies to clinical disease remain to be clarified, new light has been shed on the factors contributing to disease susceptibility and the role of genetic factors in determining Sjögren's syndrome (SS) disease phenotypes. The purpose of this article is to provide an update on the role of genetic markers in the susceptibility to and pathogenesis of SS. This article also discusses how genomic and proteomic technology can help in the design of specific therapeutics. KEY FINDINGS Recent evidence suggests that inflammatory genes associated with interferon pathways, and specific regulatory genes that control the maturation and proliferation of B cells, contribute to the pathogenesis of SS. Both gene expression profiling technology and gene association studies have been used to identify these key biological pathways. Molecularly, defined subsets of pSS patients are also being revealed by these studies. Previously, identified gene loci that predispose to multiple autoimmune disorders have been confirmed supporting the paradigm of "general" autoimmune disease genes. Association of SS with many additional susceptibility loci are likely to be established through ongoing genome-wide association scans (GWAS). Clues from genetic studies suggest that targeting B cells will prove to be an effective way of reducing the systemic manifestations of pSS and are supported by early clinical trials. SUMMARY Genome-wide technologies are likely to identify new genes and molecular pathways in the pathogenesis of SS that will be useful not only to identify patients at risk for SS, but also to identify subsets of patients at risk for variable levels of disease severity. In the future, these studies could identify novel biomarkers that will lead to significant advances in management by providing the means to tailor therapeutic strategies to individual patients.
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Mesko B, Poliska S, Nagy L. Gene expression profiles in peripheral blood for the diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Trends Mol Med 2011; 17:223-33. [PMID: 21388884 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2010.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2010] [Revised: 12/11/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Gene expression profiling in clinical genomics has yet to deliver robust and reliable approaches for developing diagnostics and contributing to personalized medicine. Owing to technological developments and the recent accumulation of expression profiles, it is a timely and relevant question whether peripheral blood gene expression profiling can be used routinely in clinical decision making. Here, we review the available gene expression profiling data of peripheral blood in autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases and suggest that peripheral blood mononuclear cells are suitable for descriptive and comparative gene expression analyses. A gene-disease interaction network in chronic inflammatory diseases, a general protocol for future studies and a decision tree for researchers are presented to facilitate standardization and adoption of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertalan Mesko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Center for Molecular Mediicne, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Rönnblom L, Alm GV, Eloranta ML. The type I interferon system in the development of lupus. Semin Immunol 2011; 23:113-21. [PMID: 21292501 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2011.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The type I interferon (IFN) system induces inhibition of viral replication, but can also activate the innate and adaptive immune system. An important role of the type I IFN system in autoimmune diseases, including lupus, is suggested by the observation that these disorders display a prominent over-expression of type I IFN regulated genes. The development of autoimmune diseases in some individuals treated with IFN-α directly supports a pivotal role for this cytokine in breaking tolerance and inducing autoimmune reactions. A genetic setup that promotes type I IFN production and/or response and the presence of endogenous inducers of IFN-α production have been described in patients with lupus. Several known environmental risk factors for development of lupus or disease flares may contribute to the ongoing type I IFN production. In the present review we will describe the possible role of the type I IFN system in the lupus disease process. The possible connection between the type I IFN system and some environmental and genetic risk factors for lupus is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Rönnblom
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Rheumatology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Margaritopoulos GA, Antoniou KM, Karagiannis K, Samara KD, Lasithiotaki I, Vassalou E, Lymbouridou R, Koutala H, Siafakas NM. Investigation of Toll-like receptors in the pathogenesis of fibrotic and granulomatous disorders: a bronchoalveolar lavage study. FIBROGENESIS & TISSUE REPAIR 2010; 3:20. [PMID: 20937083 PMCID: PMC2964564 DOI: 10.1186/1755-1536-3-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2010] [Accepted: 10/11/2010] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Background and aim Toll-like receptors (TLRs), a key component of innate immunity, have recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). As the involvement of TLRs has not yet been fully elucidated, the aim of the current study was to examine the expression of various TLRs in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of patients with ILDs. Patients and Methods We studied prospectively three groups of patients: (1) one group of 35 patients with fibrotic disorders, 16 with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and 19 with fibrotic interstitial pneumonias associated with collagen tissue disorders (CTD-IPs); (2) one group of 14 patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis; and (3) 11 normal subjects. We evaluated TLR expression with flow cytometry and mRNA expression with real-time PCR. Results An overexpression of TLR-3 mRNA was found in fibrotic disorders (CTD-IPs/IPF) in comparison with sarcoidosis (mean ± SD, 1.104 ± 1.087 versus 0.038 ± 0.03; P = 0.04). Additionally, TLR-3 mRNA was increased in CTD-IPs in comparison with IPF (P = 0.001), sarcoidosis (P = 0.002) and controls (P = 0.05). An upregulation in TLR-7 and -9 mRNA expression was detected in IPF (P = 0.05) and sarcoidosis (P = 0.05), respectively, when compared to controls. A higher percentage of TLR-9-expressing cells was found in BALF of CTD-IPs when compared to IPF (mean ± SD, 36.7 ± 7.06 versus 14.85 ± 3.82; P = 0.025). Conclusion We observed distinct profiles of TLR expression in fibrotic and granulomatous disorders. It is likely that they could play a key role in the pathogenesis of these diseases and represent future therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgos A Margaritopoulos
- Interstitial Lung Disease Unit, Department of Thoracic Medicine, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
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Planas R, Pujol-Borrell R, Vives-Pi M. Global gene expression changes in type 1 diabetes: insights into autoimmune response in the target organ and in the periphery. Immunol Lett 2010; 133:55-61. [PMID: 20708640 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2010.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2010] [Revised: 07/19/2010] [Accepted: 08/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease caused by the selective destruction of the insulin-producing β cells. Research into the pathogenesis of T1D has been hindered by the lack of detection of the autoimmune process during the asymptomatic period and by the inaccessibility to the target tissue. Therefore current understanding of the immunological phenomena that take place in the pancreas of the patients is very limited and much of the current knowledge on T1D has been obtained using animal models. Microarray technology and bioinformatics allow the comparison of the gene expression profile - transcriptome - in normal and pathological conditions, creating a global picture of altered processes. Microarray experiments have defined new transcriptional alterations associated with several autoimmune diseases, and are focused on the identification of specific biomarkers. In this review we summarize current data on gene expression profiles in T1D from an immunological point of view. Reported transcriptome studies have been performed in T1D patients and Non-Obese Diabetic mouse models analyzing peripheral blood, lymphoid organs and pancreas/islets. In the periphery, the distinctive profiles are inflammatory pathways inducible by IL-1β and IFNs that can help in the identification of new biomarkers. In the target organ, a remarkable finding is the overexpression of inflammatory and innate immune response genes and the active autoimmune response at longstanding stages, contrary to the pre-existing concept of acute autoimmune process in T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Planas
- Laboratory of Immunobiology for Research and Applications to Diagnosis (LIRAD), Blood and Tissue Bank, Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
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Golding A, Rosen A, Petri M, Akhter E, Andrade F. Interferon-alpha regulates the dynamic balance between human activated regulatory and effector T cells: implications for antiviral and autoimmune responses. Immunology 2010; 131:107-17. [PMID: 20465564 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2010.03280.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
An adequate effector response against pathogens and its subsequent inactivation after pathogen clearance are critical for the maintenance of immune homeostasis. This process involves an initial phase of T-cell effector (Teff) activation followed by the expansion of regulatory T cells (Tregs), a unique cell population that limits Teff functions. However, significant questions remain unanswered about the mechanisms that regulate the balance between these cell populations. Using an in vitro system to mimic T-cell activation in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), we analysed the patterns of Treg and Teff activation, with special attention to the role of type I interferon (IFN-I). Interestingly, we found that IFN-alpha, either exogenously added or endogenously induced, suppressed the generation of CD4(+) FoxP3(HI )IFN-gamma(Neg) activated Tregs (aTregs) while simultaneously promoting propagation of CD4(+) FoxP3(Low/Neg )IFN-gamma(Pos) activated Teffs (aTeffs). We also showed that IFN-alpha-mediated inhibition of interleukin (IL)-2 production may play an essential role in IFN-alpha-induced suppression of aTregs. In order to test our findings in a disease state with chronically elevated IFN-alpha, we investigated systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Plasma from patients with SLE was found to contain IFN-I activity that suppressed aTreg generation. Furthermore, anti-CD3 activated SLE PBMCs exhibited preferential expansion of aTeffs with a very limited increase in aTreg numbers. Together, these observations support a model whereby a transient production of IFN-alpha (such as is seen in an early antiviral response) may promote CD4 effector functions by delaying aTreg generation, but a chronic elevation of IFN-alpha may tip the aTeff:aTreg balance towards aTeffs and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Golding
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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Delgado-Vega AM, Alarcón-Riquelme ME, Kozyrev SV. Genetic associations in type I interferon related pathways with autoimmunity. Arthritis Res Ther 2010; 12 Suppl 1:S2. [PMID: 20392289 PMCID: PMC2991775 DOI: 10.1186/ar2883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons play an outstanding role in innate and adaptive immunity by enhancing functions of dendritic cells, inducing differentiation of monocytes, promoting immunoglobulin class switching in B cells and stimulating effector functions of T cells. The increased production of IFNα/β by plasmacytoid dendritic cells could be responsible for not only efficient antiviral defence, but it also may be a pathological factor in the development of various autoimmune disorders. The first evidence of a genetic link between type I interferons and autoimmune diseases was the observation that elevated IFNα activity is frequently detected in the sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, and that this trait shows high heritability and familial aggregation in their first-degree healthy relatives. To date, a number of genes involved in interferon signalling have been associated with various autoimmune diseases. Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren's syndrome, dermatomyositis, psoriasis, and a fraction of patients with rheumatoid arthritis display a specific expression pattern of interferon-dependent genes in their leukocytes, termed the interferon signature. Here, in an attempt to understand the role of type I interferons in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity, we review the recent advances in the genetics of autoimmune diseases focusing on the association of genes involved in type I interferon pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica M Delgado-Vega
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, Uppsala, Sweden
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Dieude P, Dawidowicz K, Guedj M, Legrain Y, Wipff J, Hachulla E, Diot E, Sibilia J, Mouthon L, Cabane J, Amoura Z, Crakowski JL, Carpentier P, Avouac J, Meyer O, Kahan A, Boileau C, Allanore Y. Phenotype-haplotype correlation of IRF5 in systemic sclerosis: role of 2 haplotypes in disease severity. J Rheumatol 2010; 37:987-92. [PMID: 20231204 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.091163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Identification of an association between IRF5 rs2004640 and systemic sclerosis (SSc) has highlighted a key role for type 1 interferon (IFN). Additional functional IRF5 variants have been identified as autoimmune susceptibility factors. Our aim was to investigate whether IRF5 haplotypes confer susceptibility to SSc, and to perform genotype haplotype-phenotype correlation analyses. METHODS We genotyped IRF5 rs377385, rs2004640, and rs10954213 in 1623 individuals of French European Caucasian origin. SSc patient subphenotypes were analyzed according to cutaneous subsets and for SSc-related pulmonary fibrosis. RESULTS Case-control studies of single markers revealed an association between IRF5 rs3757385, rs2004640, and rs10954213 variants and SSc. We identified an IRF5 risk haplotype "R" (p(adj) = 0.024, OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.07-1.40) and a mirrored protective haplotype "P" (p(adj) = 8.8 x 10(-3), OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.68-0.90) for SSc susceptibility. Genotype-phenotype correlation analyses failed to detect any association with a single marker. By contrast, phenotype-haplotype correlation analysis was able to detect intra-cohort association and to discriminate SSc patients with from those without the following clinical traits: "R" and/or "P" haplotypes identified diffuse cutaneous SSc (p = 0.0081) and fibrosing alveolitis (p = 0.018). CONCLUSION IRF5 haplotypes are more informative than single markers, suggesting that they could be helpful for risk stratification of SSc patients. Our study provides further evidence of a key role of IRF5 in SSc severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Dieude
- Service de Rhumatologie, Hôpital Bichat Claude Bernard, APHP, Université Diderot-Paris 7, Paris, France.
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Planas R, Carrillo J, Sanchez A, de Villa MCR, Nuñez F, Verdaguer J, James RFL, Pujol-Borrell R, Vives-Pi M. Gene expression profiles for the human pancreas and purified islets in type 1 diabetes: new findings at clinical onset and in long-standing diabetes. Clin Exp Immunol 2010; 159:23-44. [PMID: 19912253 PMCID: PMC2802692 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2009.04053.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is caused by the selective destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas by an autoimmune response. Due to ethical and practical difficulties, the features of the destructive process are known from a small number of observations, and transcriptomic data are remarkably missing. Here we report whole genome transcript analysis validated by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and correlated with immunohistological observations for four T1D pancreases (collected 5 days, 9 months, 8 and 10 years after diagnosis) and for purified islets from two of them. Collectively, the expression profile of immune response and inflammatory genes confirmed the current views on the immunopathogenesis of diabetes and showed similarities with other autoimmune diseases; for example, an interferon signature was detected. The data also supported the concept that the autoimmune process is maintained and balanced partially by regeneration and regulatory pathway activation, e.g. non-classical class I human leucocyte antigen and leucocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor, subfamily B1 (LILRB1). Changes in gene expression in islets were confined mainly to endocrine and neural genes, some of which are T1D autoantigens. By contrast, these islets showed only a few overexpressed immune system genes, among which bioinformatic analysis pointed to chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 5 (CCR5) and chemokine (CXC motif) receptor 4) (CXCR4) chemokine pathway activation. Remarkably, the expression of genes of innate immunity, complement, chemokines, immunoglobulin and regeneration genes was maintained or even increased in the long-standing cases. Transcriptomic data favour the view that T1D is caused by a chronic inflammatory process with a strong participation of innate immunity that progresses in spite of the regulatory and regenerative mechanisms.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Antigens, CD/analysis
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Antigens, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- C-Reactive Protein/genetics
- C-Reactive Protein/metabolism
- Cell Count
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/pathology
- Down-Regulation/genetics
- Female
- Gene Expression/genetics
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Glucagon-Secreting Cells/metabolism
- HLA Antigens/genetics
- HLA Antigens/metabolism
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/genetics
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate/genetics
- Inflammation/genetics
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/metabolism
- Islets of Langerhans/metabolism
- Islets of Langerhans/pathology
- Lectins, C-Type/genetics
- Lectins, C-Type/metabolism
- Leukocytes/metabolism
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Pancreas/metabolism
- Pancreas/pathology
- Pancreatitis-Associated Proteins
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Up-Regulation/genetics
- Young Adult
- HLA-E Antigens
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Affiliation(s)
- R Planas
- Laboratory of Immunobiology for Research and Applications to Diagnosis (LIRAD), Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
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Abstract
The idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) are systemic autoimmune diseases that have predominant mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltrates in the skeletal muscle. The cells that are typically involved in the pathogenesis of disease are B-lymphocytes, T-lymphocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells. However, in addition to these immune cells, cells of nonimmunologic origin, such as myocytes, may be directly involved in the immune response. The local milieu also consists of distinct cytokine and chemokine profiles considered related to type 1 interferon stimulation. Tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 1 are also prominent, proinflammatory cytokines involved in the evolution of IIM. Although the pathologic processes involved in IIM have yet to be fully elucidated, we understand the inflammatory milieu is a model of dynamic flux made of diverse cytokine and chemokine expressions leading to alterations in muscle fiber structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M Reed
- Division of Rheumatology, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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Cytokines and cytokine profiles in human autoimmune diseases and animal models of autoimmunity. Mediators Inflamm 2009; 2009:979258. [PMID: 19884985 PMCID: PMC2768824 DOI: 10.1155/2009/979258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2009] [Revised: 07/13/2009] [Accepted: 08/10/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The precise pathomechanisms of human autoimmune diseases are still poorly understood. However, a deepened understanding of these is urgently needed to improve disease prevention and early detection and guide more specific treatment approaches. In recent years, many new genes and signalling pathways involved in autoimmunity with often overlapping patterns between different disease entities have been detected. Major contributions were made by experiments using DNA microarray technology, which has been used for the analysis of gene expression patterns in chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, among which were rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, systemic sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, and type-1 diabetes. In systemic lupus erythematosus, a so-called interferon signature has been identified. In psoriasis, researchers found a particular immune signalling cluster. Moreover the identification of a new subset of inflammatory T cells, so-called Th17 T cells, secreting interleukin (IL)-17 as one of their major cytokines and the identification of the IL-23/IL-17 axis of inflammation regulation, have significantly improved our understanding of autoimmune diseases. Since a plethora of new treatment approaches using antibodies or small molecule inhibitors specifically targeting cytokines, cellular receptors, or signalling mechanisms has emerged in recent years, more individualized treatment for affected patients may be within reach in the future.
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Walters E, Rider V, Abdou NI, Greenwell C, Svojanovsky S, Smith P, Kimler BF. Estradiol targets T cell signaling pathways in human systemic lupus. Clin Immunol 2009; 133:428-36. [PMID: 19793680 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2009.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2009] [Revised: 08/24/2009] [Accepted: 09/08/2009] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The major risk factor for developing systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is being female. The present study utilized gene profiles of activated T cells from females with SLE and healthy controls to identify signaling pathways uniquely regulated by estradiol that could contribute to SLE pathogenesis. Selected downstream pathway genes (+/- estradiol) were measured by real time polymerase chain amplification. Estradiol uniquely upregulated six pathways in SLE T cells that control T cell function including interferon-alpha signaling. Measurement of interferon-alpha pathway target gene expression revealed significant differences (p= 0.043) in DRIP150 (+/- estradiol) in SLE T cell samples while IFIT1 expression was bimodal and correlated moderately (r= 0.55) with disease activity. The results indicate that estradiol alters signaling pathways in activated SLE T cells that control T cell function. Differential expression of transcriptional coactivators could influence estrogen-dependent gene regulation in T cell signaling and contribute to SLE onset and disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Walters
- Department of Biology, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, KS 66762, USA
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Armañanzas R, Calvo B, Inza I, López-Hoyos M, Martínez-Taboada V, Ucar E, Bernales I, Fullaondo A, Larrañaga P, Zubiaga AM. Microarray analysis of autoimmune diseases by machine learning procedures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 13:341-50. [PMID: 19423430 DOI: 10.1109/titb.2008.2011984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Microarray-based global gene expression profiling, with the use of sophisticated statistical algorithms is providing new insights into the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. We have applied a novel statistical technique for gene selection based on machine learning approaches to analyze microarray expression data gathered from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and primary antiphospholipid syndrome (PAPS), two autoimmune diseases of unknown genetic origin that share many common features. The methodology included a combination of three data discretization policies, a consensus gene selection method, and a multivariate correlation measurement. A set of 150 genes was found to discriminate SLE and PAPS patients from healthy individuals. Statistical validations demonstrate the relevance of this gene set from an univariate and multivariate perspective. Moreover, functional characterization of these genes identified an interferon-regulated gene signature, consistent with previous reports. It also revealed the existence of other regulatory pathways, including those regulated by PTEN, TNF, and BCL-2, which are altered in SLE and PAPS. Remarkably, a significant number of these genes carry E2F binding motifs in their promoters, projecting a role for E2F in the regulation of autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Armañanzas
- Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of the Basque Country, 20080 San Sebastian, Spain.
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50
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Burdick LM, Somani N, Somani AK. Type I IFNs and their role in the development of autoimmune diseases. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2009; 8:459-72. [PMID: 19548860 DOI: 10.1517/14740330903066726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since their initial use in the 1980s, IFNs have become an essential component of the therapy for many diseases such as hepatitis and multiple sclerosis. Although they have been extremely useful in conditions that pose therapeutic challenges, complications associated with their use have been widely reported including emerging reports of several autoimmune diseases. Many of these reports have shed light on the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders and helped to highlight not only the critical role of type I IFNs in defense against viral infections but also the pivotal role they occupy in the interface between innate and adaptive immunity. Many patients with autoimmune disease have increased responsiveness to type I IFNs (alpha/beta), and therapy with these cytokines has induced or unmasked autoimmune disease in many additional patients. OBJECTIVE The objective of this paper is to discuss the role of type I IFNs in autoimmunity. METHODS The literature regarding type I IFNs and autoimmunity was reviewed using the Medline database from 1950 to 2009. Search terms included 'interferon alpha' and 'autoimmune disease' and 'interferon beta' and 'autoimmune disease'. Case reports, case series, reviews and prospective studies were included in the analysis. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS In the literature a variety of autoimmune disorders have reportedly been induced by the use of type I IFNs, being used, although these are primarily in the form of case reports and case series. Nevertheless, there is a growing body of molecular evidence to support the clinical association. The role of IFNs in the induction of autoimmunity is complex with interplay of many genetic and environmental factors that influence the balance between normal and aberrant immune responsiveness, ultimately leading to the observed clinical manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Burdick
- Dermatology & Plastic Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Health System, Department of Dermatology, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Desk A61, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
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