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Wang G, Zhang Z, Zhong K, Wang Z, Yang N, Tang X, Li H, Lu Q, Wu Z, Yuan B, Zheng M, Cheng P, Tong A, Zhou L. CXCL11-armed oncolytic adenoviruses enhance CAR-T cell therapeutic efficacy and reprogram tumor microenvironment in glioblastoma. Mol Ther 2023; 31:134-153. [PMID: 36056553 PMCID: PMC9840126 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive primary malignant brain cancer and urgently requires effective treatments. Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy offers a potential treatment method, but it is often hindered by poor infiltration of CAR-T cells in tumors and highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Here, we armed an oncolytic adenovirus (oAds) with a chemokine CXCL11 to increase the infiltration of CAR-T cells and reprogram the immunosuppressive TME, thus improving its therapeutic efficacy. In both immunodeficient and immunocompetent orthotopic GBM mice models, we showed that B7H3-targeted CAR-T cells alone failed to inhibit GBM growth but, when combined with the intratumoral administration of CXCL11-armed oAd, it achieved a durable antitumor response. Besides, oAd-CXCL11 had a potent antitumor effect and reprogramed the immunosuppressive TME in GL261 GBM models, in which increased infiltration of CD8+ T lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) cells, and M1-polarized macrophages, while decreased proportions of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), regulatory T cells (Tregs) and M2-polarized macrophages were observed. Furthermore, the antitumor effect of the oAd-CXCL11 was CD8+ T cell dependent. Our findings thus revealed that CXCL11-armed oAd can improve immune-virotherapy and can be a promising adjuvant of CAR-T therapy for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Zongliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Research Unit of Gene and Immunotherapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Kunhong Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Research Unit of Gene and Immunotherapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Zeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Research Unit of Gene and Immunotherapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Nian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Research Unit of Gene and Immunotherapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Xin Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Hexian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Research Unit of Gene and Immunotherapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Qizhong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Research Unit of Gene and Immunotherapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Zhiguo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Research Unit of Gene and Immunotherapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Boyang Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Meijun Zheng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Ping Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Research Unit of Gene and Immunotherapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Aiping Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Research Unit of Gene and Immunotherapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
| | - Liangxue Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
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2
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Francis L, Guo ZS, Liu Z, Ravindranathan R, Urban JA, Sathaiah M, Magge D, Kalinski P, Bartlett DL. Modulation of chemokines in the tumor microenvironment enhances oncolytic virotherapy for colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 7:22174-85. [PMID: 26956047 PMCID: PMC5008353 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
An oncolytic poxvirus such as vvDD-CXCL11 can generate potent systemic antitumor immunity as well as targeted oncolysis, yet the antitumor effect is limited probably due to limited homing to and suppressed activity of tumor-specific adaptive immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). We reasoned that a chemokine modulating (CKM) drug cocktail, consisting of IFN-α, poly I:C, and a COX-2 inhibitor, may skew the chemokine (CK) and cytokine profile into a favorable one in the TME, and this pharmaceutical modulation would enhance both the trafficking into and function of antitumor immune cells in the TME, thus increasing therapeutic efficacy of the oncolytic virus. In this study we show for the first time in vivo that the CKM modulates the CK microenvironment but it does not modulate antitumor immunity by itself in a MC38 colon cancer model. Sequential treatment with the virus and then CKM results in the upregulation of Th1-attracting CKs and reduction of Treg-attracting CKs (CCL22 and CXCL12), concurrent with enhanced trafficking of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells and NK cells into the TME, thus resulting in the most significant antitumor activity and long term survival of tumor-bearing mice. This novel combined regimen, with the oncolytic virus (vvDD-CXCL11) inducing direct oncolysis and eliciting potent antitumor immunity, and the CKM inducing a favorable chemokine profile in the TME that promotes the trafficking and function of antitumor Tc1/Th1 and NK cells, may have great utility for oncolytic immunotherapy for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Francis
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zong Sheng Guo
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zuqiang Liu
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Roshni Ravindranathan
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Julie A Urban
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Magesh Sathaiah
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Deepa Magge
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Pawel Kalinski
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David L Bartlett
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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3
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Liu Z, Ravindranathan R, Li J, Kalinski P, Guo ZS, Bartlett DL. CXCL11-Armed oncolytic poxvirus elicits potent antitumor immunity and shows enhanced therapeutic efficacy. Oncoimmunology 2015; 5:e1091554. [PMID: 27141352 PMCID: PMC4839379 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1091554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We have armed a tumor-selective oncolytic vaccinia virus (vvDD) with the chemokine (CK) CXCL11, in order to enhance its ability to attract CXCR3+ antitumor CTLs and possibly NK cells to the tumor microenvironment (TME) and improve its therapeutic efficacy. As expected, vvDD-CXCL11 attracted high numbers of tumor-specific T cells to the TME in a murine AB12 mesothelioma model. Intratumoral virus-directed CXCL11 expression enhanced local numbers of CD8+ CTLs and levels of granzyme B, while reducing expression of several suppressive molecules, TGF-β, COX2, and CCL22 in the TME. Unexpectedly, we observed that vvDD-CXCL11, but not parental vvDD, induced a systemic increase in tumor-specific IFNγ-producing CD8+ T cells in the spleen and other lymph organs, indicating the induction of systemic antitumor immunity. This effect was associated with enhanced therapeutic efficacy and a survival benefit in tumor-bearing mice treated with vvDD-CXCL11, mediated by CD8+ T cells and IFNγ, but not CD4+ T cells. These results demonstrate that intratumoral expression of CXCL11, in addition to promoting local trafficking of T cells and to a lesser extent NK cells, has a novel function as a factor eliciting systemic immunity to cancer-associated antigens. Our data provide a rationale for expressing CXCL11 to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of oncolytic viruses (OVs) and cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuqiang Liu
- The University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Roshni Ravindranathan
- The University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jun Li
- The University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Pawel Kalinski
- The University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Z Sheng Guo
- The University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David L Bartlett
- The University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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4
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Tsutsui-Takeuchi M, Ushio H, Fukuda M, Yamada T, Niyonsaba F, Okumura K, Ogawa H, Ikeda S. Roles of retinoic acid-inducible gene-I-like receptors (RLRs), Toll-like receptor (TLR) 3 and 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase as viral recognition receptors on human mast cells in response to viral infection. Immunol Res 2015; 61:240-9. [PMID: 25550087 PMCID: PMC4336646 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-014-8617-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the anti-viral responses of human mast cells, we performed PCR array analysis of these cells after infection with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). PCR array analysis revealed that human mast cells up-regulated several anti-viral genes, including melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5, retinoic acid-inducible gene-I, and Toll-like receptor 3, together with type I interferons and chemokines, upon VSV infection. Additionally, we found that 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase, which also works as a virus recognition receptor by activating the latent form of RNase L, leading to viral RNA degradation, was up-regulated in human mast cells upon VSV infection. Moreover, small interfering RNA analysis to identify the receptors responsible for mast cell activation by VSV revealed that these receptors reciprocally cooperate to produce anti-viral cytokines and chemokines, inhibiting VSV replication. Our findings suggest that human mast cells produce cytokines and chemokines using several viral recognition receptors, leading to the inhibition of viral replication. These data provide novel information that improves our understanding of the roles of human mast cells in immune responses against viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuho Tsutsui-Takeuchi
- Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421 Japan
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421 Japan
| | - Hiroko Ushio
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421 Japan
| | - Minoru Fukuda
- Department of Infection Control Science, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421 Japan
| | - Takahiko Yamada
- Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421 Japan
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421 Japan
| | - François Niyonsaba
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421 Japan
| | - Ko Okumura
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421 Japan
| | - Hideoki Ogawa
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421 Japan
| | - Shigaku Ikeda
- Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421 Japan
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421 Japan
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5
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Wang J, Nikrad MP, Travanty EA, Zhou B, Phang T, Gao B, Alford T, Ito Y, Nahreini P, Hartshorn K, Wentworth D, Dinarello CA, Mason RJ. Innate immune response of human alveolar macrophages during influenza A infection. PLoS One 2012; 7:e29879. [PMID: 22396727 PMCID: PMC3292548 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alveolar macrophages (AM) are one of the key cell types for initiating inflammatory and immune responses to influenza virus in the lung. However, the genome-wide changes in response to influenza infection in AM have not been defined. We performed gene profiling of human AM in response to H1N1 influenza A virus PR/8 using Affymetrix HG-U133 Plus 2.0 chips and verified the changes at both mRNA and protein levels by real-time RT-PCR and ELISA. We confirmed the response with a contemporary H3N2 influenza virus A/New York/238/2005 (NY/238). To understand the local cellular response, we also evaluated the impact of paracrine factors on virus-induced chemokine and cytokine secretion. In addition, we investigated the changes in the expression of macrophage receptors and uptake of pathogens after PR/8 infection. Although macrophages fail to release a large amount of infectious virus, we observed a robust induction of type I and type III interferons and several cytokines and chemokines following influenza infection. CXCL9, 10, and 11 were the most highly induced chemokines by influenza infection. UV-inactivation abolished virus-induced cytokine and chemokine response, with the exception of CXCL10. The contemporary influenza virus NY/238 infection of AM induced a similar response as PR/8. Inhibition of TNF and/or IL-1β activity significantly decreased the secretion of the proinflammatory chemokines CCL5 and CXCL8 by over 50%. PR/8 infection also significantly decreased mRNA levels of macrophage receptors including C-type lectin domain family 7 member A (CLEC7A), macrophage scavenger receptor 1 (MSR1), and CD36, and reduced uptake of zymosan. In conclusion, influenza infection induced an extensive proinflammatory response in human AM. Targeting local components of innate immune response might provide a strategy for controlling influenza A infection-induced proinflammatory response in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieru Wang
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America.
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6
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Trypanosoma cruzi infection induces a global host cell response in cardiomyocytes. Infect Immun 2011; 79:1855-62. [PMID: 21343357 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00643-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Chagas' disease, caused by the hemoflagellate protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, affects millions of people in South and Central America. Chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy, the most devastating manifestation of this disease, occurs in approximately one-third of infected individuals. Events associated with the parasite's tropism for and invasion of cardiomyocytes have been the focus of intense investigation in recent years. In the present study, we use murine microarrays to investigate the cellular response caused by invasion of primary murine cardiomyocytes by T. cruzi trypomastigotes. These studies identified 353 murine genes that were differentially expressed during the early stages of invasion and infection of these cells. Genes associated with the immune response, inflammation, cytoskeleton organization, cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, apoptosis, cell cycle, and oxidative stress are among those affected during the infection. Our data indicate that T. cruzi induces broad modulations of the host cell machinery in ways that provide insight into how the parasite survives, replicates, and persists in the infected host and ultimately defines the clinical outcome of the infection.
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7
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Wang J, Nikrad MP, Phang T, Gao B, Alford T, Ito Y, Edeen K, Travanty EA, Kosmider B, Hartshorn K, Mason RJ. Innate immune response to influenza A virus in differentiated human alveolar type II cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2011; 45:582-91. [PMID: 21239608 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2010-0108oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alveolar Type II (ATII) cells are important targets for seasonal and pandemic influenza. To investigate the influenza-induced innate immune response in those cells, we measured the global gene expression profile of highly differentiated ATII cells infected with the influenza A virus at a multiplicity of infection of 0.5 at 4 hours and 24 hours after inoculation. Infection with influenza stimulated a significant increase in the mRNA concentrations of many host defense-related genes, including pattern/pathogen recognition receptors, IFN, and IFN-induced genes, chemokines, and suppressors of cytokine signaling. We verified these changes by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. At the protein level, we detected a robust virus-induced secretion of the three glutamic acid-leucine-arginine (ELR)-negative chemokines CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11, according to ELISA. The ultraviolet inactivation of virus abolished the chemokine and cytokine response. Viral infection did not appear to alter the differentiation of ATII cells, as measured by cellular mRNA and concentrations of surfactant proteins. However, viral infection significantly reduced the secretion of surfactant protein (SP)-A and SP-D. In addition, influenza A virus triggered a time-dependent activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling in ATII cells. The inhibition of this pathway significantly decreased the release of infectious virus and the chemokine response, but did not alter virus-induced cell death. This study provides insights into influenza-induced innate immunity in differentiated human ATII cells, and demonstrates that the alveolar epithelium is a critical part of the initial innate immune response to influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieru Wang
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson St., A448, Denver, CO 80206, USA.
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8
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Bao X, Sinha M, Liu T, Hong C, Luxon B, Garofalo R, Casola A. Identification of human metapneumovirus-induced gene networks in airway epithelial cells by microarray analysis. Virology 2008; 374:114-27. [PMID: 18234263 PMCID: PMC2777699 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2007.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2007] [Revised: 10/17/2007] [Accepted: 12/17/2007] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a major cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants, elderly and immunocompromised patients. Little is known about the response to hMPV infection of airway epithelial cells, which play a pivotal role in initiating and shaping innate and adaptive immune responses. In this study, we analyzed the transcriptional profiles of airway epithelial cells infected with hMPV using high-density oligonucleotide microarrays. Of the 47,400 transcripts and variants represented on the Affimetrix GeneChip Human Genome HG-U133 plus 2 array, 1601 genes were significantly altered following hMPV infection. Altered genes were then assigned to functional categories and mapped to signaling pathways. Many up-regulated genes are involved in the initiation of pro-inflammatory and antiviral immune responses, including chemokines, cytokines, type I interferon and interferon-inducible proteins. Other important functional classes up-regulated by hMPV infection include cellular signaling, gene transcription and apoptosis. Notably, genes associated with antioxidant and membrane transport activity, several metabolic pathways and cell proliferation were down-regulated in response to hMPV infection. Real-time PCR and Western blot assays were used to confirm the expression of genes related to several of these functional groups. The overall result of this study provides novel information on host gene expression upon infection with hMPV and also serves as a foundation for future investigations of genes and pathways involved in the pathogenesis of this important viral infection. Furthermore, it can facilitate a comparative analysis of other paramyxoviral infections to determine the transcriptional changes that are conserved versus the one that are specific to individual pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- X. Bao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston Texas
| | - M. Sinha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston Texas
- UTMB Bioinformatics Program, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston Texas
| | - T. Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston Texas
| | - C. Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston Texas
| | - B.A Luxon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston Texas
- UTMB Bioinformatics Program, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston Texas
| | - R.P. Garofalo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston Texas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston Texas
- Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston Texas
| | - A. Casola
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston Texas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston Texas
- Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston Texas
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9
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X B, T L, L S, D K, R.P G, A C. Airway epithelial cell response to human metapneumovirus infection. Virology 2007; 368:91-101. [PMID: 17655903 PMCID: PMC2266690 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2007.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2007] [Revised: 05/30/2007] [Accepted: 06/15/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a major cause of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in infants, elderly and immunocompromised patients. In this study, we show that hMPV can infect in a similar manner epithelial cells representative of different tracts of the airways. hMPV-induced expression of chemokines IL-8 and RANTES in primary small alveolar epithelial cells (SAE) and in a human alveolar type II-like epithelial cell line (A549) was similar, suggesting that A549 cells can be used as a model to study lower airway epithelial cell responses to hMPV infection. A549 secreted a variety of CXC and CC chemokines, cytokines and type I interferons, following hMPV infection. hMPV was also a strong inducer of transcription factors belonging to nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB, interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) and signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) families, which are known to orchestrate the expression of inflammatory and immunomodulatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao X
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston Texas
| | - Liu T
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston Texas
| | - Spetch L
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston Texas
| | - Kolli D
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston Texas
| | - Garofalo R.P
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston Texas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston Texas
- Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston Texas
| | - Casola A
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston Texas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston Texas
- Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston Texas
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child Health Research Center, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0366, Fax (409) 772-1761; Tel. (409) 747-0581,
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10
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Holst PJ, Orskov C, Qvortrup K, Christensen JP, Thomsen AR. CCR5 and CXCR3 are dispensable for liver infiltration, but CCR5 protects against virus-induced T-cell-mediated hepatic steatosis. J Virol 2007; 81:10101-12. [PMID: 17626099 PMCID: PMC2045423 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01242-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CCR5 and CXCR3 are important molecules in regulating the migration of activated lymphocytes. Thus, the majority of tissue-infiltrating T cells found in the context of autoimmune conditions and viral infections express CCR5 and CXCR3, and the principal chemokine ligands are expressed within inflamed tissues. Accordingly, intervention studies have pointed to nonredundant roles of these receptors in models of allograft rejection, viral infection, and autoimmunity. In spite of this, considerable controversy exists, with many studies failing to support a role for CCR5 or CXCR3 in disease pathogenesis. One possible explanation is that different chemokine receptors may take over in the absence of any individual receptor, thus rendering individual receptors redundant. We have attempted to address this issue by analyzing CCR5(-/-), CXCR3(-/-), and CCR5/CXCR3(-/-) mice with regard to virus-induced liver inflammation, generation and recruitment of effector cells, virus control, and immunopathology. Our results indicate that CCR5 and CXCR3 are largely dispensable for tissue infiltration and virus control. In contrast, the T-cell response is accelerated in CCR5(-/-) and CCR5/CXCR3(-/-) mice and the absence of CCR5 is associated with the induction of CD8(+) T-cell-mediated immunopathology consisting of marked hepatic microvesicular steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Holst
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Copenhagen, The Panum Institute, 3C Blegdamsvej, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
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11
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Berenson LS, Gavrieli M, Farrar JD, Murphy TL, Murphy KM. Distinct characteristics of murine STAT4 activation in response to IL-12 and IFN-alpha. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 177:5195-203. [PMID: 17015705 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.8.5195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The role of type I IFN in Th1 development, STAT4 activation, and IFN-gamma production in murine T cells has remained unresolved despite extensive examination. Initial studies indicated that IFN-alpha induced Th1 development and IFN-gamma production in human, but not murine, T cells, suggesting species-specific differences in signaling. Later studies suggested that IFN-alpha also induced Th1 development in mice, similar to IL-12. More recent studies have questioned whether IFN-alpha actually induces Th1 development even in the human system. In the present study, we compared the capacity of IL-12 and IFN-alpha to induce Th1 differentiation, STAT4 phosphorylation, and IFN-gamma production in murine T cells. First, we show that IFN-alpha, in contrast to IL-12, cannot induce Th1 development. However, in differentiated Th1 cells, IFN-alpha can induce transient, but not sustained, STAT4 phosphorylation and, in synergy with IL-18, can induce transient, but not sustained, IFN-gamma production in Th1 cells, in contrast to the sustained actions of IL-12. Furthermore, loss of STAT1 increases IFN-alpha-induced STAT4 phosphorylation, but does not generate levels of STAT4 activation or IFN-gamma production achieved by IL-12 or convert transient STAT4 activation into a sustained response. Our findings agree with recent observations in human T cells that IFN-alpha-induced STAT4 activation is transient and unable to induce Th1 development, and indicate that IFN-alpha may act similarly in human and murine T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa S Berenson
- Department of Pathology and Center for Immunology, Washington University of School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
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12
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Hsieh MF, Lai SL, Chen JP, Sung JM, Lin YL, Wu-Hsieh BA, Gerard C, Luster A, Liao F. Both CXCR3 and CXCL10/IFN-inducible protein 10 are required for resistance to primary infection by dengue virus. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 177:1855-63. [PMID: 16849497 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.3.1855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We examined the extent to which CXCR3 mediates resistance to dengue infection. Following intracerebral infection with dengue virus, CXCR3-deficient (CXCR3(-/-)) mice showed significantly higher mortality rates than wild-type (WT) mice; moreover, surviving CXCR3(-/-) mice, but not WT mice, often developed severe hind-limb paralysis. The brains of CXCR3(-/-) mice showed higher viral loads than those of WT mice, and quantitative analysis using real-time PCR, flow cytometry, and immunohistochemistry revealed fewer T cells, CD8(+) T cells in particular, in the brains of CXCR3(-/-) mice. This suggests that recruitment of effector T cells to sites of dengue infection was diminished in CXCR3(-/-) mice, which impaired elimination of the virus from the brain and thus increased the likelihood of paralysis and/or death. These results indicate that CXCR3 plays a protective rather than an immunopathological role in dengue virus infection. In studies to identify critical CXCR3 ligands, CXCL10/IFN-inducible protein 10-deficient (CXCL10/IP-10(-/-)) mice infected with dengue virus showed a higher mortality rate than that of the CXCR3(-/-) mice. Although CXCL10/IP-10, CXCL9/monokine induced by IFN-gamma, and CXCL11/IFN-inducible T cell alpha chemoattractant share a single receptor and all three of these chemokines are induced by dengue virus infection, the latter two could not compensate for the absence of CXCL10/IP-10 in this in vivo model. Our results suggest that both CXCR3 and CXCL10/IP-10 contribute to resistance against primary dengue virus infection and that chemokines that are indistinguishable in in vitro assays differ in their activities in vivo.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Brain/immunology
- Brain/metabolism
- Brain/virology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/virology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/virology
- Cell Migration Inhibition
- Cell Movement/genetics
- Cell Movement/immunology
- Chemokine CXCL10
- Chemokines, CXC/deficiency
- Chemokines, CXC/genetics
- Chemokines, CXC/physiology
- Dengue/genetics
- Dengue/immunology
- Dengue/virology
- Dengue Virus/immunology
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Immunity, Innate/genetics
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Injections, Intraventricular
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Receptors, CXCR3
- Receptors, Chemokine/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Chemokine/deficiency
- Receptors, Chemokine/genetics
- Receptors, Chemokine/physiology
- Up-Regulation/immunology
- Viral Load
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Fang Hsieh
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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13
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Lee BJ, Giannoni F, Lyon A, Yada S, Lu B, Gerard C, Sarawar SR. Role of CXCR3 in the immune response to murine gammaherpesvirus 68. J Virol 2005; 79:9351-5. [PMID: 15994833 PMCID: PMC1168727 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.79.14.9351-9355.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemokine IP-10 (CXCL10) and its cellular receptor CXCR3 are upregulated in the lung during murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV-68) infection. In order to determine the role of the CXCR3 chemokine receptor in the immune response to MHV-68, CXCR3-/- mice were infected with the virus. CXCR3-/- mice showed delayed clearance of replicating MHV-68 from the lungs. This correlated with delayed T-cell recruitment to the lungs and reduced cytolytic activity prior to viral clearance. Splenomegaly and the numbers of latently infected cells per spleen were transiently increased. However, CXCR3-/- mice showed normal virus-specific antibody titers and effective long-term control of MHV-68 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bong Joo Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwanju, South Korea
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