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Katsumata T, Nguyen-Tra Le M, Kawada-Matsuo M, Taniguchi Y, Ouhara K, Oogai Y, Nakata M, Mizuno N, Nishitani Y, Komatsuzawa H. KATSUMATA et al.Comprehensive characterization of sortase A-dependent surface proteins in Streptococcus mutansComprehensive characterization of sortase A-dependent surface proteins in Streptococcus mutans. Microbiol Immunol 2021; 66:145-156. [PMID: 34888908 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans, a cariogenic pathogen, adheres to the tooth surface and forms a biofilm. Bacterial cell surface proteins are associated with adherence to substrates. Sortase A (SrtA) mediates the localization of proteins with an LPXTG motif-containing proteins to the cell surface by covalent binding to peptidoglycan. In S. mutans UA159, 6 SrtA-dependent proteins, SpaP, WapA, WapE, DexA, FruA, and GbpC, were identified. Although some of these proteins were characterized, a comprehensive analysis of the 6 proteins has not been reported. In this study, we constructed mutants deficient in each of these proteins and the SrtA-deficient mutant. The SrtA-deficient mutant showed drastically decreased binding to salivary components, biofilm formation, bacterial coaggregation activity, hydrophobicity, and cellular matrix binding (collagen type I, fibronectin, and laminin). The SpaP-deficient mutant showed significantly reduced binding to salivary components and partially increased coaggregation with Porphyromonas gingivalis, and decreased hydrophobicity, and collagen binding. The WapA-deficient mutant showed slightly decreased coaggregation with Fusobacterium nucleatum. Although the SrtA-deficient mutant showed drastically altered phenotypes, all SrtA-dependent protein-deficient mutants, except the SpaP-deficient mutant, did not show considerable alterations in binding to salivary components. These results indicate that the 6 proteins may coordinately contribute to these activities. In addition, using genomic data of 125 S. mutans strains, we compared the amino acid sequences of each surface protein and found many variations among strains, which may affect the phenotype of cell surface proteins in S. mutans. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamaki Katsumata
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Mi Nguyen-Tra Le
- Department of Bacteriology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Miki Kawada-Matsuo
- Department of Bacteriology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuri Taniguchi
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Ouhara
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuichi Oogai
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Masanobu Nakata
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Noriyoshi Mizuno
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nishitani
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Komatsuzawa
- Department of Bacteriology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
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Hu P, Lv B, Yang K, Lu Z, Ma J. Discovery of myricetin as an inhibitor against Streptococcus mutans and an anti-adhesion approach to biofilm formation. Int J Med Microbiol 2021; 311:151512. [PMID: 33971542 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2021.151512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) are cariogenic microorganisms. Sortase A (SrtA) is a transpeptidase that attaches Pac to the cell surface. The biofilm formation of S. mutans is promoted by SrtA regulated Pac. Myricetin (Myr) has a variety of pharmacological properties, including inhibiting SrtA activity of Staphylococcus aureus. The purpose of this research was to investigate the inhibitory effect of Myr on SrtA of S. mutans and its subsequent influence on the biofilm formation. Here, Myr was discovered as a potent inhibitor of S. mutans SrtA, with an IC50 of 48.66 ± 1.48 μM, which was lower than the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 512 ug/mL. Additionally, immunoblot and biofilm assays demonstrated that Myr at a sub-MIC level could reduce adhesion and biofilm formation of S. mutans. The reduction of biofilm was possibly caused by the decreased amount of Pac on the cells' surface by releasing Pac into the medium via inhibiting SrtA activity. Molecular dynamics simulations and mutagenesis assays suggested that Met123, Ile191, and Arg213 of SrtA were pivotal for the interaction of SrtA and Myr. Our findings indicate that Myr is a promising candidate for the control of dental caries by modulating Pac-involved adhesive mechanisms without developing drug resistance to S.mutans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Hu
- Center of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095, Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China; School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Bibo Lv
- Pediatric Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Xiangyang Stomatological Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, No. 6, Jianhua Road, Xiangyang, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Kongxi Yang
- Center of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095, Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China; School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zimin Lu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingzhi Ma
- Center of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095, Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China; School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
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Song Y, He JZ, Wang RK, Ma JZ, Zou L. Effect of SrtA on Interspecies Adherence of Oral Bacteria. Curr Med Sci 2018; 38:160-166. [PMID: 30074166 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-018-1860-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to study whether the Sortase A (srtA) gene helps mediate coaggregation and co-adherence between Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and other salivary bacteria. S. mutans UA159 and srtA-deficient mutant served as "bait" in classical co-aggregation assays and membrane-based co-adherence assays were used to examine interactions of S. mutans with Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum), Streptococcus mitis (S. mitis), Streptococcus gordonii (S. gordonii), Streptococcus sanguis (S. sanguis), Actinomyces naeslundii (A. naeslundii) and Lactobacillus. Co-adherence assays were also performed using unfractionated saliva from healthy individuals. Co-adhering partners of S. mutans were sensitively detected using polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE). Both UA159 and its srtA-deficient mutant bound to F. nucleatum but not to any of the other five salivary bacteria. The srtA-deficient mutant showed lower co-adherence with F.nucleatum. The two S. mutans strains also showed similar co-adherence profiles against unfractionated salivary bacteria, except that UA159 S. mutans but not the srtA-deficient bound to a Neisseria sp. under the same conditions. Deleting srtA reduces the ability of S. mutans to bind to F.nucleatum, but it does not appear to significantly affect the binding profile of S. mutans to bulk salivary bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Department of Conservation Dentistry and Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Jin-Zhi He
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Department of Conservation Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ren-Ke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Department of Conservation Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jing-Zhi Ma
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Ling Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China. .,Department of Conservation Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Song Y, Zhou JL, He YL, Li W, Zou L. [Link between sortase A function and cariogenicity of Streptococcus mutans: a preliminary metabolomics analysis]. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2018; 36:360-366. [PMID: 30182561 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study intends to explore the mechanism underlying the support of sortase A (SrtA) of the cariogenicity of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). METHODS We performed a metabonomics study based on ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), in which we compared the extracellular metabolites of wild-type S. mutans UA159 with those of its SrtA-deficient strain. Metabolite differences among strains were identified using a combination of principal component analysis and orthogonality partial least square discriminant analysis. RESULTS Several differences corresponding mostly to unknown metabolites were identified. Some amino acids such as leucine and valine (δ 0.92×10⁻⁶-1.20×10⁻⁶), lactic acid ( δ1.28×10⁻⁶), oxoglutaric acid (δ 3.00×10⁻⁶), and glycine (δ 3.60×10⁻⁶) differed among strains. CONCLUSIONS This work establishes the feasibility of using ¹H NMR-based metabonomics to provide leads for research into molecular factors that promote caries. The database of microbial metabolites should be also improved in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;Dept. of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences,Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Jing-Lin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuan-Li He
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ling Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Ochoa R, Martínez-Pabón MC, Arismendi-Echeverri MA, Rendón-Osorio WL, Muskus-López CE. In silico search of inhibitors of Streptococcus mutans for the control of dental plaque. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 83:68-75. [PMID: 28719833 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Biofilm is an extremely complex microbial community arranged in a matrix of polysaccharides and attached to a substrate. Its development is crucial in the pathophysiology of oral infections like dental caries, as well as in periodontal, pulp, and periapical diseases. Streptococcus mutans is one of the most effective microorganisms in lactic acid production of the dental biofilm. Identifying essential Streptococcus mutans proteins using bioinformatics methods helps to search for alternative therapies. To this end, the bacterial genomes of several Streptococcus mutans strains and representative strains of other cariogenic and non-cariogenic bacteria were analysed by identifying pathogenicity islands and alignments with other bacteria, and by detecting the exclusive genes of cariogenic species in comparison to the non-pathogenic ones. This study used tools for orthology prediction such as BLAST and OrthoMCL, as well as the server IslandViewer for the detection of pathogenicity islands. In addition, the potential interactome of Streptococcus mutans was rebuilt by comparing it to interologues of other species phylogenetically close to or associated with cariogenicity. This protocol yielded a final list of 20 proteins related to potentially virulent factors that can be used as therapeutic targets in future analyses. The EIIA and EIIC enzymatic subunits of the phosphotransferase system (PTS) were prioritized, as well as the pyruvate kinase enzyme, which are directly involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates and in obtaining the necessary energy for the microorganism's survival. These results will guide a subsequent experimental trial to develop new, safe, and effective molecules in the treatment of dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Ochoa
- Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales-PECET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, SIU- Sede de Investigación Universitaria, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - María Cecilia Martínez-Pabón
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Bucal, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Antioquia, Área de la Salud, Medellín, Colombia.
| | | | - Willer Leandro Rendón-Osorio
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Bucal, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Antioquia, Área de la Salud, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Carlos Enrique Muskus-López
- Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales-PECET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, SIU- Sede de Investigación Universitaria, Medellín, Colombia.
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Lapirattanakul J, Takashima Y, Tantivitayakul P, Maudcheingka T, Leelataweewud P, Nakano K, Matsumoto-Nakano M. Cariogenic properties of Streptococcus mutans clinical isolates with sortase defects. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 81:7-14. [PMID: 28458044 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In Streptococcus mutans, a Gram-positive pathogen of dental caries, several surface proteins are anchored by the activity of sortase enzyme. Although various reports have shown that constructed S. mutans mutants deficient of sortase as well as laboratory reference strains with a sortase gene mutation have low cariogenic potential, no known studies have investigated clinical isolates with sortase defects. Here, we examined the cariogenic properties of S. mutans clinical isolates with sortase defects as well as caries status in humans harboring such defective isolates. DESIGN Sortase-defective clinical isolates were evaluated for biofilm formation, sucrose-dependent adhesion, stress-induced dextran-dependent aggregation, acid production, and acid tolerance. Additionally, caries indices of subjects possessing such defective isolates were determined. RESULTS Our in vitro results indicated that biofilm with a lower quantity was formed by sortase-defective as compared to non-defective isolates. Moreover, impairments of sucrose-dependent adhesion and stress-induced dextran-dependent aggregation were found among the isolates with defects, whereas no alterations were seen in regard to acid production or tolerance. Furthermore, glucan-binding protein C, a surface protein anchored by sortase activity, was predominantly detected in culture supernatants of all sortase-defective S. mutans isolates. Although the sortase-defective isolates showed lower cariogenic potential because of a reduction in some cariogenic properties, deft/DMFT indices revealed that all subjects harboring those isolates had caries experience. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest the impairment of cariogenic properties in S. mutans clinical isolates with sortase defects, though the detection of these defective isolates seemed not to imply low caries risk in the subjects harboring them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinthana Lapirattanakul
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
| | - Yukiko Takashima
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan
| | - Pornpen Tantivitayakul
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Thaniya Maudcheingka
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | | | - Kazuhiko Nakano
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Michiyo Matsumoto-Nakano
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan
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Zhuang PL, Yu LX, Tao Y, Zhou Y, Zhi QH, Lin HC. Effects of missense mutations in sortase A gene on enzyme activity in Streptococcus mutans. BMC Oral Health 2016; 16:47. [PMID: 27068451 PMCID: PMC4827206 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-016-0204-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is the major aetiological agent of dental caries, and the transpeptidase Sortase A (SrtA) plays a major role in cariogenicity. The T168G and G470A missense mutations in the srtA gene may be linked to caries susceptibility, as demonstrated in our previous studies. This study aimed to investigate the effects of these missense mutations of the srtA gene on SrtA enzyme activity in S. mutans. Methods The point mutated recombinant S.mutans T168G and G470A sortases were expressed in expression plasmid pET32a. S. mutans UA159 sortase coding gene srtA was used as the template for point mutation. Enzymatic activity was assessed by quantifying increases in the fluorescence intensity generated when a substrate Dabcyl-QALPNTGEE-Edans was cleaved by SrtA. The kinetic constants were calculated based on the curve fit for the Michaelis-Menten equation. Results SrtA△N40(UA159) and the mutant enzymes, SrtA△N40(D56E) and SrtA△N40(R157H), were expressed and purified. A kinetic analysis showed that the affinity of SrtA△N40(D56E) and SrtA△N40(R157H) remained approximately equal to the affinity of SrtA△N40(UA159), as determined by the Michaelis constant (Km). However, the catalytic rate constant (kcat) and catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) of SrtA△N40(D56E) were reduced compared with those of SrtA△N40(R157H) and SrtA△N40(UA159), whereas the kcat and kcat/Km values of SrtA△N40(R157H) were slightly lower than those of SrtA△N40(UA159). Conclusions The findings of this study indicate that the T168G missense mutation of the srtA gene results in a significant reduction in enzymatic activity compared with S. mutans UA159, suggesting that the T168G missense mutation of the srtA gene may be related to low cariogenicity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12903-016-0204-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Zhuang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 56 Ling Yuan Road West, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yan Jiang Road West, Guangzhou, China
| | - L X Yu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 56 Ling Yuan Road West, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y Tao
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 56 Ling Yuan Road West, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y Zhou
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 56 Ling Yuan Road West, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Q H Zhi
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 56 Ling Yuan Road West, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - H C Lin
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 56 Ling Yuan Road West, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Tamura H, Yamada A, Kato H. Molecular characterization of the dextran-binding lectin B gene dblB of Streptococcus criceti in Streptococcus mutans strain GS-5 with mutations in both gbpC and spaP genes. Genes Genet Syst 2015; 89:41-50. [PMID: 25224970 DOI: 10.1266/ggs.89.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans, a cariogenic agent, has a glucan-binding protein gene, gbpC, and S. criceti possesses four gbpC homologs, including dblA and dblB, as does S. sobrinus. The S. criceti dblB gene encodes a 1,717-amino-acid protein having two repetitive alanine-rich and proline-rich regions and an LPXTG motif, which is recognized by the sortase SrtA, near the C terminus. Reverse transcription-PCR analysis indicated no cotranscription of the dblA and dblB genes of S. criceti. As we could not obtain a dblB mutant of S. criceti, the dblB gene was characterized in S. mutans strain GS-5, which has genetic mutations in both gbpC and spaP genes and shows an inability to agglutinate triggered by dextran. A dextran-induced agglutination assay showed that S. mutans cells carrying dblB agglutinated in the presence of dextran. A hydrophobicity assay showed that the cells containing dblB were hydrophobic. A biofilm formation assay showed that the dblB gene was associated with biofilm formation by cells cultivated in brain heart infusion broth supplemented with glucose and maltose, but not sucrose. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the S. criceti strains studied revealed a frameshift mutation in the srtA gene encoding sortase, but intact dblA and dblB genes were found in dextran-induced agglutination-negative strains, whereas intact dblA, dblB and srtA genes were found in dextran-induced agglutination-positive strains. These results suggest the cell-surface localization of dblA and dblB gene products by SrtA and the responsibility of dblB for dextran-induced agglutination, cell-surface hydrophobicity and biofilm formation in S. criceti.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruki Tamura
- Division of Bioregulatory Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Iwate Medical University
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Yu LX, Tao Y, Qiu RM, Zhou Y, Zhi QH, Lin HC. Genetic polymorphisms of the sortase A gene and social-behavioural factors associated with caries in children: a case-control study. BMC Oral Health 2015; 15:54. [PMID: 25934314 PMCID: PMC4423529 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-015-0039-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is the primary etiological agent of dental caries. Sortase is a transpeptidase that anchors several surface proteins to the S. mutans cell wall and has been shown to play a major role in cariogenicity. The purpose of this study was to explore the genetic polymorphisms of the sortase gene (srtA) and the social-behavioural factors associated with dental caries in children with S. mutans. Methods In this case–control study, 121 S. mutans strains were separately selected from caries-free children and high-severity caries children for sequencing of the srtA gene. Social and behavioural data were collected by self-administered questionnaires. Genomic DNA was extracted from S. mutans strains and amplified by PCR to obtain the srtA gene. The purified PCR products were sequenced and analysed for mutations with ABI Variant Reporter software. The distribution of missense mutations and the mean of social-behavioural factors were compared between the groups. A multiple logistic regression model was used to control for confounding factors. Results The mutation frequencies at loci 168 (P = 0.023) and 470 (P = 0.032) were significantly different between the groups. The best-fitting model showed that greater age, high frequencies of solid sugar consumption, prolonged breastfeeding, a high proportion of visible plaque, and S. mutans with a T at locus 168 of the srtA gene were associated with high-severity caries in children (P < 0.05). Children carrying a G at locus 168 of S. mutans had a decreased risk for high-severity caries (OR = 0.32, 95% CI = 0.12–0.86) compared with those carrying a T. Conclusions The present study suggested that the locus 168 missense mutation of the srtA gene may correlate with caries susceptibility in children with S. mutans. In addition, age, duration of breastfeeding, solid sugar consumption, and poor oral hygiene contributed to this complex disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xia Yu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 56 Ling Yuan Road West, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Ye Tao
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 56 Ling Yuan Road West, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Rong Min Qiu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 56 Ling Yuan Road West, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 56 Ling Yuan Road West, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Qing Hui Zhi
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 56 Ling Yuan Road West, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Huan Cai Lin
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 56 Ling Yuan Road West, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Lapirattanakul J, Nomura R, Matsumoto-Nakano M, Srisatjaluk R, Ooshima T, Nakano K. Variation of expression defects in cell surface 190-kDa protein antigen of Streptococcus mutans. Int J Med Microbiol 2015; 305:383-91. [PMID: 25792295 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans, which consists of four serotypes, c, e, f, and k, possesses a 190-kDa cell surface protein antigen (PA) for initial tooth adhesion. We used Western blot analysis to determine PA expression in 750 S. mutans isolates from 150 subjects and found a significantly higher prevalence of the isolates with PA expression defects in serotypes f and k compared to serotypes c and e. Moreover, the defect patterns could be classified into three types; no PA expression on whole bacterial cells and in their supernatant samples (Type N1), PA expression mainly seen in supernatant samples (Type N2), and only low expression of PA in the samples of whole bacterial cells (Type W). The underlying reasons for the defects were mutations in the gene encoding PA as well as in the transcriptional processing of this gene for Type N1, defects in the sortase gene for Type N2, and low mRNA expression of PA for Type W. Since cellular hydrophobicity and phagocytosis susceptibility of the PA-defective isolates were significantly lower than those of the normal expression isolates, the potential implication of such defective isolates in systemic diseases involving bacteremia other than dental caries was suggested. Additionally, multilocus sequence typing was utilized to characterize S. mutans clones that represented a proportion of isolates with PA defects of 65-100%. Therefore, we described the molecular basis for variation defects in PA expression of S. mutans. Furthermore, we also emphasized the strong association between PA expression defects and serotypes f and k as well as the clonal relationships among these isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryota Nomura
- Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Michiyo Matsumoto-Nakano
- Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | | | - Takashi Ooshima
- Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakano
- Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Lee S, Song IH, Lee JH, Yang WY, Oh KB, Shin J. Sortase A inhibitory metabolites from the roots of Pulsatilla koreana. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 24:44-8. [PMID: 24360605 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Three new lignans (3, 4, and 6) along with eight known lignans and phenyl propanoids were isolated from the dried roots of Pulsatilla koreana, an oriental folk medicine. Based upon the results of combined spectroscopic and chemical methods, the structures of new compounds were determined to be lignan glycosides. Included among the known compounds are three compounds (5, 7, and 8) isolated first time from this plant as well as two compounds (2 and 11) previously reported only as synthetic derivatives. These compounds significantly inhibited the action of Sortase A from Streptococcus mutans OMZ65, an isolate from human oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sooryun Lee
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, San 56-1, Sillim, Gwanak, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Inn-Hye Song
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, San 56-1, Sillim, Gwanak, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Ho Lee
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, San 56-1, Sillim, Gwanak, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Young Yang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Seoul National University, San 56-1, Sillim, Gwanak, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Bong Oh
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Seoul National University, San 56-1, Sillim, Gwanak, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jongheon Shin
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, San 56-1, Sillim, Gwanak, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Morin Inhibits Sortase A and Subsequent Biofilm Formation in Streptococcus mutans. Curr Microbiol 2013; 68:47-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-013-0439-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hu P, Huang P, Chen MW. Curcumin reduces Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation by inhibiting sortase A activity. Arch Oral Biol 2013; 58:1343-8. [PMID: 23778072 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2013.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2013] [Revised: 05/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sortase A is an enzyme responsible for the covalent attachment of Pac proteins to the cell wall in Streptococcus mutans. It has been shown to play a role in modulating the surface properties and the biofilm formation and influence the cariogenicity of S. mutans. Curcumin, an active ingredient of turmeric, was reported to be an inhibitor for Staphylococcus aureus sortase A. The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory ability of curcumin against S. mutans sortase A and the effect of curcumin for biofilm formation. METHODS The antimicrobial activity of the curcumin to the S. mutans and inhibitory ability of the curcumin against the purified sortase A in vitro were detected. Western-blot and real-time PCR were used to analysis the sortase A mediated Pac protein changes when the S. mutans was cultured with curcumin. The curcumin on the S. mutans biofilm formation was determined by biofilm formation analysis. RESULTS Curcumin can inhibit purified S. mutans sortase A with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of (10.2±0.7)μmol/l, which is lower than minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 175μmol/l. Curcumin (15μmol/l) was found to release the Pac protein to the supernatant and reduce S. mutans biofilm formation. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that curcumin is an S. mutans sortase A inhibitor and has promising anti-caries characteristics through an anti-adhesion-mediated mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Hu
- Center of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang XH, Zhou Y, Zhi QH, Tao Y, Lin HC. Genetic polymorphisms of the sortase A gene and early childhood caries in two-year-old children. Arch Oral Biol 2012; 57:948-53. [PMID: 22381535 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Revised: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore and compare the genetic polymorphisms of the sortase A (srtA) gene found in Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) infecting two-year-old children suffering early childhood caries to those found in caries-free children through molecular identification methods. METHODS Clinical S. mutans strains were isolated from the dental plaques of two-year-old children. Fifteen strains of S. mutans from the caries-active group and 15 strains of S. mutans from the caries-free group were collected. Genomic DNA was extracted from the S. mutans isolates. DNA fragments, including the srtA gene, were amplified by PCR. The PCR products were purified, sequenced and analyzed. A chi-square test and BioEdit software were used to analyze the sequencing results. RESULTS All 30 clinically isolated S. mutans strains had a 741 base pair (bp) srtA gene. There were no nucleotide sequence insertions or deletions observed in the srtA genes. Twenty mutations were identified in the srtA genes that taken from the 30 clinical strains. There were 10 silent point mutations at the 78, 99, 150, 165, 186, 222, 249, 261, 312, and 636bp positions. The other 10 mutations were point mutations resulting in a missense mutation at the 23, 34, 36, 47, 112, 114, 168, 176, 470, and 671bp positions. None of the positions were enzyme-activity sites of srt A. The missense mutation rates of the two groups did not exhibit statistically significant differences. CONCLUSION There were no genetic polymorphisms of the sortase A gene associated with early childhood caries in two-year-old children.
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Affiliation(s)
- X H Zhang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Twetman L, Larsen U, Fiehn NE, Stecksén-Blicks C, Twetman S. Coaggregation between probiotic bacteria and caries-associated strains: an in vitro study. Acta Odontol Scand 2009; 67:284-8. [PMID: 19479452 DOI: 10.1080/00016350902984237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the in vitro abilities of probiotic bacteria derived from consumer products to coaggregate with caries-associated mutans streptococci. MATERIAL AND METHODS Six lactobacillus strains (L. acidophilus (CCUG 5917), L. plantarum 299v, L. rhamnosus GG and LB21, L. paracasei F19, L. reuteri PTA5289) were cultivated under anaerobic conditions at 37°C in Man Rogosa Sharpe (MSB) broth for 24 h. Four strains of human streptococci (S. mutans Ingbritt, S. mutans (ATCC 25175), S. mutans GS-5, S. sobrinus (ATCC 33478) were similarly grown in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth. A gastrointestinal pathogen (Escherichia coli) was aerobically cultivated on BHI broth as a positive control. After incubation, the bacteria were aerobically harvested, washed, and suspended in 10 mmol/l phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.2). The probiotic strains were characterized with the API 50 CH system to confirm their identity. Coaggregation was determined by spectrophotometry in mixtures and bacterial suspensions alone after 1, 2, 4, and 24 h and expressed as the aggregation ratio (%). RESULTS All probiotic strains showed coaggregation abilities with the oral pathogens and the results were strain specific and dependent on time. S. mutans GS-5 exhibited a significantly higher ability to coaggregate with all the probiotic strains than the other mutans streptococci and E. coli. The differences among the probiotic strains were modest with L. acidophilus being the most prone and L. rhamnosus LB21 the least prone to coaggregate with the oral streptococci. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrated different abilities of lactobacilli-derived probiotic bacteria to coaggregate with selected oral streptococci. Aggregation assays may be a useful complement for screening of probiotic candidates with possible anti-caries properties.
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Marraffini LA, Dedent AC, Schneewind O. Sortases and the art of anchoring proteins to the envelopes of gram-positive bacteria. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2006; 70:192-221. [PMID: 16524923 PMCID: PMC1393253 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.70.1.192-221.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 498] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell wall envelopes of gram-positive bacteria represent a surface organelle that not only functions as a cytoskeletal element but also promotes interactions between bacteria and their environment. Cell wall peptidoglycan is covalently and noncovalently decorated with teichoic acids, polysaccharides, and proteins. The sum of these molecular decorations provides bacterial envelopes with species- and strain-specific properties that are ultimately responsible for bacterial virulence, interactions with host immune systems, and the development of disease symptoms or successful outcomes of infections. Surface proteins typically carry two topogenic sequences, i.e., N-terminal signal peptides and C-terminal sorting signals. Sortases catalyze a transpeptidation reaction by first cleaving a surface protein substrate at the cell wall sorting signal. The resulting acyl enzyme intermediates between sortases and their substrates are then resolved by the nucleophilic attack of amino groups, typically provided by the cell wall cross bridges of peptidoglycan precursors. The surface protein linked to peptidoglycan is then incorporated into the envelope and displayed on the microbial surface. This review focuses on the mechanisms of surface protein anchoring to the cell wall envelope by sortases and the role that these enzymes play in bacterial physiology and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano A Marraffini
- Department of Microbiology, Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, 920 East 58th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Murai C, Inoue M, Sasa R, Igarashi T. Streptococcus mutans sortase catalyzes cell wall anchoring of WapA and FruA. PEDIATRIC DENTAL JOURNAL 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0917-2394(05)70041-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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