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Lysozyme-AuNPs Interactions: Determination of Binding Free Energy. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11082139. [PMID: 34443969 PMCID: PMC8400155 DOI: 10.3390/nano11082139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Investigation and optimization of lysozyme (Lys) adsorption onto gold nanoparticles, AuNPs, were carried out. The purpose of this study is to determine the magnitude of the AuNPs–lysozyme interaction in aqueous media by simple spectrophotometric means, and to obtain the free energy of binding of the system for the first time. In order to explore the possibilities of gold nanoparticles for sensing lysozyme in aqueous media, the stability of the samples and the influence of the gold and nanoparticle concentrations in the detection limit were studied. ζ potential measurements and the shift of the surface plasmon band showed a state of saturation with an average number of 55 Lys per gold nanoparticle. Lysozyme–AuNPs interactions induce aggregation of citrate-stabilized AuNPs at low concentrations by neutering the negative charges of citrate anions; from those aggregation data, the magnitude of the interactions has been measured by using Benesi–Hildebrand plots. However, at higher protein concentrations aggregation has been found to decrease. Although the nanocluster morphology remains unchanged in the presence of Lys, slight conformational changes of the protein occur. The influence of the size of the nanoclusters was also investigated for 5, 10, and 20 nm AuNPs, and 10 nm AuNPs was found the most appropriate.
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2
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Liang A, Tang B, Hou H, Sun L, Luo A. A novel CuFe2O4 nanospheres molecularly imprinted polymers modified electrochemical sensor for lysozyme determination. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.113465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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3
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Yadav S, Surolia A. Lysozyme elicits pain during nerve injury by neuronal Toll-like receptor 4 activation and has therapeutic potential in neuropathic pain. Sci Transl Med 2019; 11:11/504/eaav4176. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aav4176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The role of neuronal Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in nerve injury is being pursued actively. However, the endogenous activation of neuronal TLR4 during neuroinflammation, in absence of the participation of glial TLR4, remains elusive. Here, we identified lysozyme as an endogenous activator of neuronal TLR4 signaling during nerve injury. Upon nerve injury, enhanced expression of lysozyme promoted neuronal hyperexcitability and neuropathic pain. Injections of lysozyme in healthy rats increased their mechanical and thermal pain sensitivity. Likewise, infusion of spinal cord slices with lysozyme increased neuronal excitability typical of neuropathic pain. Our results also showed that lysozyme activated excitability of both Aδ- and C-fibers. Thus, in addition to the discovery of lysozyme as an endogenous ligand for regulating neuronal TLR4 signaling, this study also lays the foundation of our understanding of its role in nervous system pathologies, providing multiple avenues for treating neuroinflammation.
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4
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Fluorescent probe based on carbon dots/silica/molecularly imprinted polymer for lysozyme detection and cell imaging. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:5799-5807. [PMID: 31209550 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01960-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The abnormal concentration of lysozyme in body fluids and tissues is a potential indicator for diseases such as leukemia and meningitis. In this work, by combining the excellent optical properties of carbon dots (CDs) with the favorable selectivity of molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP), a novel fluorescent probe for lysozyme detection and cell imaging was constructed, where silanized CDs with low cytotoxicity (CDs/SiO2) were used as the fluorescence signal reporter and N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) was used as the temperature-sensitive monomer. The as-prepared CDs/SiO2/MIP showed a thermo-sensitive property for the response to lysozyme. Moreover, this probe could be used for quantitative detection of lysozyme, with a wider detection range (0.001~0.01 mg/mL), a low detection limit (0.55 μg/mL), and a high selectivity. Importantly, the MTT assay testified that the fluorescent CDs/SiO2/MIP probe had low cytotoxicity. In addition, human hepatoma carcinoma cells (HepG-2 cells) could be stained by the CDs/SiO2/MIP, and showed a bright intracellular green fluorescence, indicating that the imaging of live cells was possible. This study provides a new way to detect lysozyme in vitro and an attractive perspective to probe intracellular lysozyme in vivo.
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Mishra K, Das PK. Thermodynamics of adsorption of lysozyme on gold nanoparticles from second harmonic light scattering. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:7675-7684. [PMID: 30912776 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp07299j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticle (GNP) interaction with hen egg white lysozyme (Lyz) has been investigated by many groups in order to understand protein mediated aggregation of GNPs and the underlying mechanism of aggregation. In this article, we have studied the interaction of citrate-capped GNPs of 16, 28, 41, and 69 nm sizes with Lyz by the non-destructive label-free second harmonic light scattering (SHLS) technique at physiological pH in phosphate buffer. The surface sensitivity of the nonlinear optical SHLS technique is very high and we have looked at the GNP-Lyz interaction at nanomolar concentrations. We have followed the increase in the SHLS intensity of GNPs as a function of the added concentration of Lyz in small aliquots. The SH intensity profile exhibits saturation behaviour and was fitted with a modified Langmuir adsorption model which yielded the binding constant (Kb), the binding stoichiometry (nsat) at saturation and the free energy change (ΔG) in the adsorption process. The free energy change was further decomposed into changes in the enthalpy (ΔH) and entropy (ΔS) of adsorption by carrying out temperature dependent SHLS measurements in a specially designed cell. The thermodynamic quantities extracted from the measurements show that the binding is exothermic (ΔH < 0) as well as spontaneous (ΔS > 0). We find that the first step in the adsorption of Lyz on the GNP surface is nanoparticle protein corona (NP-PC) formation driven predominantly by electrostatic attraction. In the second step of adsorption, the adsorbed lysozymes on the surface form a bridge between two or more GNPs leading to the latter's aggregation, which is the main reason for the enhancement of the SH scattering signal. Although the interaction between the GNPs and Lyz is driven by strong electrostatic attraction, the thermodynamic quantities reported here indicate that the protein is physisorbed on the nanoparticle surface. We have also demonstrated that SHLS provides a new tool for full thermodynamic characterization of protein adsorption on metal nanoparticles at ultralow concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamini Mishra
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India. pkdas@.iisc.ac.in
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6
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Identification of some main Streptococcus iniae associated proteins: relationship. Vet Res Commun 2017; 41:85-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s11259-017-9675-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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7
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Wang S, Hu X, Tan L, Liao Q, Chen Z. Colorimetric detection of lysozyme based on its effect on the growth of gold nanoparticles induced by the reaction of chloroauric acid and hydroxylamine. Mikrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-016-1969-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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Aptamer based lysozyme assay using fluorescent CuInS2 quantum dots and graphene oxide, and its application to inhibitor screening. Mikrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-016-1934-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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9
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Yao X, Ma X, Ding C, Jia L. Colorimetric determination of lysozyme based on the aggregation of gold nanoparticles controlled by a cationic polymer and an aptamer. Mikrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-016-1876-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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10
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Prado-Gotor R, Jimenez-Ruiz A, Carnerero JM, Grueso E, Villa I. CIELab chromaticity evolution to measure the binding free energy of non-colored biomolecules to gold nanoparticles. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra15119h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We explore the possibilities of the CIELab chromaticity system parameters' evolution in order to study the interaction between four non-colored biological reactants and the red-colored, non-functionalized citrate gold nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Prado-Gotor
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Sevilla
- 41012 Sevilla
- Spain
| | - A. Jimenez-Ruiz
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Sevilla
- 41012 Sevilla
- Spain
| | - J. M. Carnerero
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Sevilla
- 41012 Sevilla
- Spain
| | - E. Grueso
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Sevilla
- 41012 Sevilla
- Spain
| | - I. Villa
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Sevilla
- 41012 Sevilla
- Spain
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11
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Zhang F, Zhao YY, Chen H, Wang XH, Chen Q, He PG. Sensitive fluorescence detection of lysozyme using a tris(bipyridine)ruthenium(ii) complex containing multiple cyclodextrins. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:6613-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc00428d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new series of metallocyclodextrins with increased fluorescence intensity upon binding with ssDNAs/aptamers has been demonstrated to sensitively detect lysozyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200241
- P. R. China
| | - Ying-Ying Zhao
- Department of Chemistry
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200241
- P. R. China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Chemistry
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200241
- P. R. China
| | - Xiu-Hua Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200241
- P. R. China
| | - Qiong Chen
- Department of Chemistry
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200241
- P. R. China
| | - Pin-Gang He
- Department of Chemistry
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200241
- P. R. China
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12
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Song Y, Li Y, Liu Z, Liu L, Wang X, Su X, Ma Q. A novel ultrasensitive carboxymethyl chitosan-quantum dot-based fluorescence “turn on–off” nanosensor for lysozyme detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 61:9-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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13
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Truong PL, Choi SP, Sim SJ. Amplification of resonant Rayleigh light scattering response using immunogold colloids for detection of lysozyme. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2013; 9:3485-3492. [PMID: 23606501 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201202638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Revised: 12/31/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A strategy for attomolar-level detection of small molecule-size proteins is reported based on Rayleigh light scattering spectroscopy of individual nanoplasmonic aptasensors by exploiting the outstanding characteristics of gold colloids to amplify the nontransparent resonant signal at ultralow analyte concentrations. The fabrication method utilizes thiol-mediated adsorption of a DNA aptamer on the immobilized Au nanoparticle surface, the interfacial binding characteristics of the aptamer with its target molecules, and the antibody-antigen interaction through plasmonic resonance coupling of the Au nanoparticles. Using lysozyme as a model analyte for disease detection, the detection limit of the aptasensor is ∼7 × 10(3) aM, corresponding to the LSPR λmax shift of ∼2.25 nm. Up to a 380% increase in the localized resonant λmax shift is demonstrated upon antibody binding to the analyte compared to the primary response during signal amplification using immunogold colloids. This enhancement leads to a limit of detection of ∼7 aM, which is an improvement of three orders of magnitude. The results demonstrate substantial promise for developing coupled plasmonic nanostructures for ultrasensitive detection of various biological and chemical analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuoc Long Truong
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
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14
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Merres J, Höss J, Albrecht LJ, Kress E, Soehnlein O, Jansen S, Pufe T, Tauber SC, Brandenburg LO. Role of the cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide in inflammation and mortality in a mouse model of bacterial meningitis. J Innate Immun 2013; 6:205-18. [PMID: 23969854 DOI: 10.1159/000353645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AP) are important components of the innate immune system, yet little is known about their expression and function in the brain. Our previous work revealed upregulated gene expression of cathelicidin-related AP (CRAMP) following bacterial meningitis in primary rat glial cells as well as bactericidal activity against frequent meningitis-causing bacteria. However, the effect of cathelicidin expression on the progression of inflammation and mortality in bacterial meningitis remains unknown. Therefore, we used CRAMP-deficient mice to investigate the effect of CRAMP on bacterial growth, inflammatory responses and mortality in meningitis. Meningitis was induced by intracerebral injection of type 3 Streptococcus pneumoniae. The degree of inflammation was analyzed in various brain regions by means of immunohistochemistry and real-time RT-PCR. CRAMP deficiency led to a higher mortality rate that was associated with increased bacterial titers in the cerebellum, blood and spleen as well as decreased meningeal neutrophil infiltration. CRAMP-deficient mice displayed a higher degree of glial cell activation that was accompanied by a more pronounced proinflammatory response. Taken together, this work provides insight into the important role of CRAMP as part of the innate immune defense against pathogens in bacterial CNS infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julika Merres
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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15
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Zhang X, Zhu S, Xiong Y, Deng C, Zhang X. Development of a MALDI-TOF MS Strategy for the High-Throughput Analysis of Biomarkers: On-Target Aptamer Immobilization and Laser-Accelerated Proteolysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:6055-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201300566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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16
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Zhang X, Zhu S, Xiong Y, Deng C, Zhang X. Development of a MALDI-TOF MS Strategy for the High-Throughput Analysis of Biomarkers: On-Target Aptamer Immobilization and Laser-Accelerated Proteolysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201300566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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17
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He P, Zhang Y, Liu L, Qiao W, Zhang S. Ultrasensitive SERS Detection of Lysozyme by a Target-Triggering Multiple Cycle Amplification Strategy Based on a Gold Substrate. Chemistry 2013; 19:7452-60. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201203224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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18
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Yeh PR, Tseng WL. Human serum albumin-coated gold nanoparticles for selective extraction of lysozyme from real-world samples prior to capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1268:166-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.09.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Revised: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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19
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A novel exonuclease III-aided amplification assay for lysozyme based on graphene oxide platform. Talanta 2012; 101:357-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Revised: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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20
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Bamrungsap S, Shukoor MI, Chen T, Sefah K, Tan W. Detection of lysozyme magnetic relaxation switches based on aptamer-functionalized superparamagnetic nanoparticles. Anal Chem 2011; 83:7795-9. [PMID: 21888415 PMCID: PMC3229930 DOI: 10.1021/ac201442a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic relaxation switch (MRSw) detection is based on aggregate formation or dissociation when magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) bind to target molecules. In the aggregated state, the dephasing rate of nearby proton spins is higher than in the dispersed state, resulting in a decrease in the spin-spin relaxation time, T(2). In this work, an MRSw-based nanosensor for lysozyme (Lys) protein detection was achieved using iron oxide nanoparticles conjugated with either Lys aptamer or linker DNA, which can hybridize with the extended part of the aptamer to form clusters. Upon the addition of Lys, the aptamers bind with their targets, leading to disassembly of clusters and an increase in T(2). A detection limit in the nanomolar range was achieved for Lys detection in both buffer and human serum. The determination of Lys level in different types of cancer cell lysates was also performed to demonstrate detection in real clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwussa Bamrungsap
- Center for Research at the Bio/nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Shands Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200, 352-846-2410 (phone and fax)
| | - Mohammed Ibrahim Shukoor
- Center for Research at the Bio/nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Shands Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200, 352-846-2410 (phone and fax)
| | - Tao Chen
- Center for Research at the Bio/nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Shands Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200, 352-846-2410 (phone and fax)
| | - Kwame Sefah
- Center for Research at the Bio/nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Shands Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200, 352-846-2410 (phone and fax)
| | - Weihong Tan
- Center for Research at the Bio/nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Shands Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200, 352-846-2410 (phone and fax)
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21
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Inuta M, Arakawa R, Kawasaki H. Use of thermally annealed multilayer gold nanoparticle films in combination analysis of localized surface plasmon resonance sensing and MALDI mass spectrometry. Analyst 2011; 136:1167-76. [DOI: 10.1039/c0an00826e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Song Y, Xu C, Wei W, Ren J, Qu X. Light regulation of peroxidase activity by spiropyran functionalized carbon nanotubes used for label-free colorimetric detection of lysozyme. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:9083-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc13279b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Huang J, Zhu Z, Bamrungsap S, Zhu G, You M, He X, Wang K, Tan W. Competition-mediated pyrene-switching aptasensor: probing lysozyme in human serum with a monomer-excimer fluorescence switch. Anal Chem 2010; 82:10158-63. [PMID: 21080638 DOI: 10.1021/ac102277p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lysozyme (Lys) plays crucial roles in the innate immune system, and the detection of Lys in urine and serum has considerable clinical importance. Traditionally, the presence of Lys has been detected by immunoassays; however, these assays are limited by the availability of commercial antibodies and tedious protein modification and prior sample purification. To address these limitations, we report here the design, synthesis, and application of a competition-mediated pyrene-switching aptasensor for selective detection of Lys in buffer and human serum. The detection strategy is based on the attachment of pyrene molecules to both ends of a hairpin DNA strand, which becomes the partially complementary competitor to an anti-Lys aptamer. In the presence of target Lys, the aptamer hybridizes with part of the competitor, which opens the hairpin such that both pyrene molecules are spatially separated. In the presence of target Lys, however, the competitor is displaced from the aptamer by the target, subsequently forming an initial hairpin structure. This brings the two pyrene moieties into close proximity to generate an excimer, which, in turn, results in a shift of fluorescence emission from ca. 400 nm (pyrene monomer) to 495 nm (pyrene excimer). The proposed method for Lys detection showed sensitivity as low as 200 pM and high selectivity in buffer. When measured by a steady-state fluorescence spectrum, the detection of Lys in human serum showed a strong fluorescent background, which obscured detection of the excimer signal. However, time-resolved emission measurement (TREM) supported the potential of the method in complex environments with background fluorescence by demonstrating the temporal separation of probe fluorescence emission decay from the intense background signal. We have also demonstrated that the same strategy can be applied to the detection of small biomolecules such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP), showing the generality of our approach. Therefore, the competition-mediated pyrene-switching aptasensor is promising to have potential for clinical and forensic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
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Wang B, Yu C. Fluorescence Turn-On Detection of a Protein through the Reduced Aggregation of a Perylene Probe. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200905237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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25
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Wang B, Yu C. Fluorescence Turn-On Detection of a Protein through the Reduced Aggregation of a Perylene Probe. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:1485-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200905237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Sulfonate group-modified FePtCu nanoparticles as a selective probe for LDI-MS analysis of oligopeptides from a peptide mixture and human serum proteins. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 395:1423-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-3122-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2009] [Revised: 08/11/2009] [Accepted: 08/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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27
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Scanlon MD, Jennings E, Arrigan DWM. Electrochemical behaviour of hen-egg-white lysozyme at the polarised water/1, 2-dichloroethane interface. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:2272-80. [DOI: 10.1039/b815589e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Fittipaldi N, Gottschalk M, Vanier G, Daigle F, Harel J. Use of selective capture of transcribed sequences to identify genes preferentially expressed by Streptococcus suis upon interaction with porcine brain microvascular endothelial cells. Appl Environ Microbiol 2007; 73:4359-64. [PMID: 17483264 PMCID: PMC1932796 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00258-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
By using the selective capture of transcribed sequences (SCOTS) approach, we identified 28 genes preferentially expressed by the major swine pathogen and zoonotic agent Streptococcus suis upon interaction with porcine brain microvascular endothelial cells. Several of these genes may be considered new S. suis candidate virulence factors. Results from this study demonstrate the suitability of SCOTS for the elucidation of gene expression in streptococcal species and may contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of S. suis infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahuel Fittipaldi
- GREMIP, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, CP 5000, St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
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Grossowicz N, Ariel M. Methods for determination of lysozyme activity. METHODS OF BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS 2006; 29:435-46. [PMID: 6343777 DOI: 10.1002/9780470110492.ch8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Vollmer W, Tomasz A. Peptidoglycan N-acetylglucosamine deacetylase, a putative virulence factor in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Infect Immun 2002; 70:7176-8. [PMID: 12438406 PMCID: PMC133073 DOI: 10.1128/iai.70.12.7176-7178.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many glucosamine residues of the pneumococcal peptidoglycan (PG) are not acetylated, which makes the PG resistant to lysozyme. A capsular type III mutant with an inactivated pgdA gene (encoding the peptidoglycan N-acetylglucosamine deacetylase A) became hypersensitive to exogenous lysozyme and showed reduced virulence in the intraperitoneal mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waldemar Vollmer
- Laboratory of Microbiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10021, USA
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Vollmer W, Tomasz A. The pgdA gene encodes for a peptidoglycan N-acetylglucosamine deacetylase in Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:20496-501. [PMID: 10781617 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m910189199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Analytical work on the fractionation of the glycan strands of Streptococcus pneumoniae cell wall has led to the observation that an unusually high proportion of hexosamine units (over 80% of the glucosamine and 10% of the muramic acid residues) was not N-acetylated, explaining the resistance of the peptidoglycan to the hydrolytic action of lysozyme, a muramidase that cleaves in the glycan backbone. A gene, pgdA, was identified as encoding for the peptidoglycan N-acetylglucosamine deacetylase A with amino acid sequence similarity to fungal chitin deacetylases and rhizobial NodB chitooligosaccharide deacetylases. Pneumococci in which pgdA was inactivated by insertion duplication mutagenesis produced fully N-acetylated glycan and became hypersensitive to exogenous lysozyme in the stationary phase of growth. The pgdA gene may contribute to pneumococcal virulence by providing protection against host lysozyme, which is known to accumulate in high concentrations at infection sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Vollmer
- Rockefeller University, Laboratory of Microbiology, New York, New York 10021, USA
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Severin A, Severina E, Tomasz A. Abnormal physiological properties and altered cell wall composition in Streptococcus pneumoniae grown in the presence of clavulanic acid. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1997; 41:504-10. [PMID: 9055983 PMCID: PMC163741 DOI: 10.1128/aac.41.3.504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Subinhibitory concentrations of clavulanate caused premature induction of stationary-phase autolysis, sensitization to lysozyme, and reductions in the MICs of deoxycholate and penicillin for Streptococcus pneumoniae. In the range of clavulanate concentrations producing these effects, this beta-lactam compound was selectively bound to PBP 3. Cell walls isolated from pneumococci grown in the presence of clavulanate showed increased sensitivity to the hydrolytic action of purified pneumococcal autolysin in vitro. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis of the peptidoglycan isolated from the clavulanate-grown cells showed major qualitative and quantitative changes in stem peptide composition, the most striking feature of which was the accumulation of peptide species carrying intact D-alanyl-D-alanine residues at the carboxy termini. The altered biological and biochemical properties of the clavulanate-grown pneumococci appear to be the consequences of suppressed D,D-carboxypeptidase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Severin
- Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10021, USA
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Elovaara I, Iivanainen M, Valle SL, Suni J, Tervo T, Lähdevirta J. CSF protein and cellular profiles in various stages of HIV infection related to neurological manifestations. J Neurol Sci 1987; 78:331-42. [PMID: 3035107 DOI: 10.1016/0022-510x(87)90046-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
CSF protein and cellular profiles were studied in 28 HIV-infected patients. Twenty of them had neurological complaints, but only 6 patients had objective neurological deficits such as dementia, ocular motility disorders or polyneuropathy. The serum/CSF HIV antibody ratio was on average lowest in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) (4 patients) and highest or almost normal in lymphadenopathy syndrome (LAS) (11) and asymptomatic seropositivity (ASX) (7), while it varied between these extremes in AIDS-related complex (ARC) (6). However, low values of the ratio were also found in the HIV-infected patients free of neurological symptoms and even in one ASX patient. The CSF IgG index was elevated in all these 4 general stages of HIV infection without any significant differences between them. The CSF/serum albumin ratio was slightly increased in patients with neurological deficits, but this ratio showed no association with any other clinical factor analysed. CSF leucocytes were increased in the early stages of the disease, but later the cellular reaction subsided. HIV was isolated from post mortem brain tissue of two AIDS patients and from the CSF of one of them. The results suggest increased intrathecal virus-specific IgG synthesis, not only in patients with neurological deficits and at advanced stages of infection, but also in neurologically symptom-free subjects and at early infection. The lack of correlation between the increased virus-specific IgG synthesis within the CNS and the presence of neurological symptoms suggests that neurologically "silent" areas of brain white matter are often affected in HIV infection.
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Oksanen V, Grönhagen-Riska C, Tikanoja S, Somer H, Fyhrquist F. Cerebrospinal fluid lysozyme and beta 2-microglobulin in neurosarcoidosis. J Neurol Sci 1986; 73:79-87. [PMID: 3517236 DOI: 10.1016/0022-510x(86)90066-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The levels of lysozyme (LZM) and beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m) were measured in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum of 32 patients with sarcoidosis, 20 of whom had neurosarcoidosis. LZM was analyzed by a new radioimmunoassay (RIA) modification. CSF LZM was elevated in 15 of 20 patients with neurosarcoidosis but in only 4 of 12 patients with extraneural sarcoidosis. CSF beta 2m values were elevated in 13 of 19 and in one of 11 patients, respectively. In neurosarcoidosis, both CSF LZM and beta 2m correlated to CSF leucocytes but not significantly to CSF albumin thus suggesting that LZM and beta 2m were secreted from cells within the central nervous system (CNS). In patients with sarcoidosis, elevations of CSF LZM and beta 2m revealed disease activity in the CNS. Both analyses were also useful in the follow-up of neurosarcoidosis.
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Tuomanen E, Hengstler B, Zak O, Tomasz A. The role of complement in inflammation during experimental pneumococcal meningitis. Microb Pathog 1986; 1:15-32. [PMID: 3508483 DOI: 10.1016/0882-4010(86)90028-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism whereby an effective bactericidal inflammatory reaction develops in the subarachnoid space is not clearly defined. While normal cerebrospinal fluid is deficient in complement, immunoglobulin and leukocytes, these serum components appear in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) during the course of bacterial meningitis. Using a rabbit model of pneumococcal meningitis we examined the role of the alternate complement pathway in three early events important to the defense of the subarachnoid space: leukocyte chemotaxis, phagocyte mediated bacterial killing, and clearance of bacterial components from the cerebrospinal fluid space. Rabbits treated with cobra venom factor to deplete complement were inoculated intracisternally with encapsulated (type II or XIX) pneumococci. Following complement depletion, there was a dramatic (at least 100-fold) decrease in the LD50 for these strains. Nevertheless, complement depletion did not affect the magnitude of CSF leucocytosis or the rate of clearance of bacterial particles from CSF. A short delay in the appearance of leukocytes in CSF was found in the absence of complement. The major effect of complement depletion, however, was to diminish the efficiency of leukocyte mediated killing of encapsulated bacteria in the CSF. Although the short delay in the onset of leukocytosis in the complement depleted animals is consistent with a chemotactic role of complement in the normal animal, the quantitatively normal leukocytosis in the complement depleted rabbits clearly indicates that important chemotaxins other than complement function in CSF. Inhibition of leukocytosis by indomethacin and diclofenac suggests that metabolite(s) of the arachidonic acid pathway may perform such a chemotactic role. A major role of complement in the defense of the subarachnoid space appears to be as an opsonin needed for the effective bactericidal activity of leukocytes. It is the lack of this function that best explains the greatly decreased LD50 value of encapsulated pneumococci in the complement depleted animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Tuomanen
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Rockefeller University, New York, N.Y. 10021
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Pönkä A, Ojala K, Teppo AM, Weber TH. The differential diagnosis of bacterial and aseptic meningitis using cerebrospinal fluid laboratory tests. Infection 1983; 11:129-31. [PMID: 6885172 DOI: 10.1007/bf01641290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The lactate, lysozyme, C-reactive protein and serum amyloid-A protein concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid were measured in 11 patients with bacterial meningitis, 27 patients with aseptic meningitis and in 31 control patients. The mean concentration of each parameter was significantly higher (p less than or equal to 0.0001) in patients with bacterial meningitis than in those with aseptic meningitis or those without meningitis. The reliability of these tests in the differential diagnosis of bacterial and aseptic meningitis was compared with leucocyte counts in cerebrospinal fluid. Gram staining for bacteria, and protein and glucose levels. The cerebrospinal fluid lactate level proved to be more sensitive than lysozyme. C-reactive protein or serum amyloid-A protein and had a high degree of specificity.
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Ansari A, Nachum R. Newer diagnostic techniques in microbial infections. Indian J Pediatr 1982; 49:835-42. [PMID: 6763599 DOI: 10.1007/bf02976978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Hällgren R, Terént A, Venge P. Lactoferrin, lysozyme, and beta 2-microglobulin levels in cerebrospinal fluid: differential indices of CNS inflammation. Inflammation 1982; 6:291-304. [PMID: 6182098 DOI: 10.1007/bf00916410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
The CSF levels of lactoferrin, lysozyme, and beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2 mu) were measured in patients with evident, probable, or possible inflammatory CNS reactions and compared to those found in neurologically apparently healthy patients. Patients with viral CNS infections had significantly raised beta 2 mu and lysozyme levels but normal lactoferrin levels, indicating a local activation of lymphocytes and monocytes but not of granulocytes. Patients with bacterial CNS infections had significantly raised levels of all three cell markers, but the increase of lysozyme and lactoferrin was relatively more pronounced than that of beta 2 mu, indicating that the inflammatory response to bacterial agents is dominated by monocytes and granulocytes. Patients with primary or secondary malignant brain tumors were characterized by a moderate increase of beta 2 mu and a considerable increase in both lysozyme and lactoferrin, i.e., the same protein pattern as observed in bacterial CNS infection. The lysozyme levels were moderately increased in half the patients with benign cerebral tumors while the levels of beta 2 mu and lactoferrin were normal, indicating that benign and malignant brain tumors induce different local inflammatory CNS reactions. Half the patients with pituitary gland adenoma had elevated beta 2 mu and lysozyme levels but normal lactoferrin levels, suggesting that immunological mechanisms are associated with the adenoma development. Patients with MS had moderately but significantly raised CSF levels of beta 2 mu and lysozyme and a third of them also had raised levels of lactoferrin, a protein pattern suggesting a low-active inflammatory process in CNS involving mononuclears and granulocytes. A similar protein pattern was found in Guillain-Barré syndrome. In cerebrosarcoidosis we noted considerably increased lysozyme and beta 2 mu but normal lactoferrin levels, consistent with the idea that the sarcoid granuloma mass is dominated by monocytic inflammatory cells. The data obtained indicate a clinical value of lactoferrin, lysozyme, and beta 2 mu as differential indices of inflammatory cell reactions taking place in various CNS processes.
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Thadepalli H, Gangopadhyay PK, Ansari A, Overturf GD, Dhawan VK, Mandal AK. Rapid differentiation of bacterial meningitides by direct gas-liquid chromatography. J Clin Invest 1982; 69:979-84. [PMID: 7042759 PMCID: PMC370152 DOI: 10.1172/jci110537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid identification of Haemophilus influenzae and other bacillary meningitides was attempted by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) of the metabolic by-products in broth cultures and in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples obtained from experimental meningitis produced in New Zealand White male rabbits. These results were correlated with the GLC of CSF of meningitis patients. A major peak with retention time of succinic acid was found in the broth cultures of all bacilli tested including H. influenzae, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Citrobacter freundii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Listeria monocytogenes. Succinic acid was also found in the CSF of experimental meningitis and in the CSF of all patients with H. influenzae and Esch. coli meningitis. This peak was not detected in the blood samples of experimental animals. It was also absent in the broth cultures of all of the gram-positive and gram-negative cocci tested, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis. Succinic acid, which appears to be a by product of fermentation, persisted as a clear cut marker in H. influenzae meningitis for at least 3 d after the initiation of treatment. In one patient, the succinic acid peak disappeared during treatment and reappeared with a clinical relapse. Clearly, the presence of succinic acid that can be rapidly detected by GLC in the CSF excludes pneumococcal or meningococcal meningitis and strongly suggests H. influenzae or other bacillary meningitides.
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