1
|
Qiao J, Hu J, Xia Q, Zhu R, Chen K, Zhao J, Yan Y, Chu L, He D. Pelagic-benthic resource polymorphism in Schizopygopsis thermalis Herzenstein 1891 (Pisces, Cyprinidae) in a headwater lake in the Salween River system on the Tibetan Plateau. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:7431-7444. [PMID: 32760539 PMCID: PMC7391544 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Resource polymorphism is a ubiquitous phenomenon in vertebrates and may represent a critical intermediate stage in speciation. Freshwater lakes in high-altitude areas represent a natural system for understanding resource polymorphism in fishes benefiting from diverse lacustrine environments and species-poor fish assemblages. We report resource polymorphism in a cyprinid fish, Schizopygopsis thermalis, in Lake Amdo Tsonak Co, a headwater lake in the upper Salween River system. Two discrete intraspecific morphs, planktivorous and benthivorous, were identified according to geometric morphometrics and traditional univariate linear measures. The planktivorous morph exhibits a longer head, longer upper and lower jaw, larger asymptotic standard length (L∞ ), lower growth rate (k), and higher growth performance index (φ) than the benthivorous morph. With respect to descriptive traits, the planktivorous morph possesses a large, terminal mouth and obvious mucus pores on the cheek and chin, while the benthivorous morph is characterized by a more inferior mouth with a sharpen horny edge on the lower jaw and unconspicuous mucus pores. The discrete pelagic-benthic resources and low interspecific competition in the lake system might drive the initial differentiation of the two morphs, and partial spatial reproductive isolation in breeding further maintains and reinforces the differences between them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Qiao
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotic Environment and Ecological Safety in Anhui, and College of Life SciencesAnhui Normal UniversityWuhuChina
| | - Jiaxin Hu
- Institute of HydrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
| | - Qin Xia
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotic Environment and Ecological Safety in Anhui, and College of Life SciencesAnhui Normal UniversityWuhuChina
| | - Ren Zhu
- Institute of HydrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
| | - Kang Chen
- Institute of HydrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
| | - Jie Zhao
- Institute of HydrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
| | - Yunzhi Yan
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotic Environment and Ecological Safety in Anhui, and College of Life SciencesAnhui Normal UniversityWuhuChina
| | - Ling Chu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotic Environment and Ecological Safety in Anhui, and College of Life SciencesAnhui Normal UniversityWuhuChina
| | - Dekui He
- Institute of HydrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Vranken N, Van Steenberge M, Snoeks J. Similar ecology, different morphology: Three new species of oral-mollusc shellers from Lake Edward. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2020; 96:1202-1217. [PMID: 31338837 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Lake Edward, East Africa, harbours a largely understudied assemblage of haplochromine cichlids that displays a range of adaptions to various specialised trophic niches. In this system, we discovered specimens of Haplochromis with morphologies similar to those of oral-mollusc shellers from Lake Victoria. These morphologies are characterised by short oral jaws with stout teeth that are used either to crush molluscs or to grab the soft bodies of snails and wrench them out of their shells. A morphometric study on 47 specimens from Lake Edward revealed the presence of three new species with an oral-shelling morphology: Haplochromis concilians sp. nov., H. erutus sp. nov. and H. planus sp. nov. All three species are formally described. Stomach-content observations confirmed an opportunistic oral-shelling ecology for H. concilians sp. nov. and H. erutus sp. nov. Within H. planus sp. nov., only large specimens displayed a specialised oral-shelling morphology, but their stomachs were nearly empty, while small specimens consumed mainly Ostracoda and Hydrachnidia. Remarkably, the three species differed considerably in morphology from each other, but they each resembled oral-sheller species from Lake Victoria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Vranken
- Biology Department, Section Vertebrates, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity Conservation, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maarten Van Steenberge
- Biology Department, Section Vertebrates, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity Conservation, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, Leuven, Belgium
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Operational Directorate Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jos Snoeks
- Biology Department, Section Vertebrates, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity Conservation, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hulsey CD, Holzman R, Meyer A. Dissecting a potential spandrel of adaptive radiation: Body depth and pectoral fin ecomorphology coevolve in Lake Malawi cichlid fishes. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:11945-11953. [PMID: 30598789 PMCID: PMC6303698 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolution of body shape reflects both the ecological factors structuring organismal diversity as well as an organism's underlying anatomy. For instance, body depth in fishes is thought to determine their susceptibility to predators, attractiveness to mates, as well as swimming performance. However, the internal anatomy influencing diversification of body depth has not been extensively examined, and changes in body depth could arise as a by-product of functional changes in other anatomical structures. Using an improved phylogenetic hypothesis for a diverse set of Lake Malawi cichlid fishes, we tested the evolutionary association between body depth and the height of the pectoral girdle. To refine the functional importance of the observed substantial correlation, we also tested the coevolution of pectoral girdle height and pectoral fin area. The extensive coevolution of these traits suggests body depth in fishes like the Lake Malawi cichlids could diverge simply as a by-product of being tightly linked to ecomorphological divergence in other functional morphological structures like the pectoral fins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Roi Holzman
- School of Zoology, Faculty of Life scienceTel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel and The Inter‐University Institute for Marine SciencesEilatIsrael
| | - Axel Meyer
- Department of BiologyUniversity of KonstanzKonstanzGermany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ingenito LFS, Duboc LF. A new species of Astyanax (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Characidae) from the upper rio Iguaçu basin, southern Brazil. NEOTROPICAL ICHTHYOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20130117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Astyanax eremus, a new species of geographically isolated characid fish, is described from a small tributary of the upper rio Iguaçu basin. The new species belongs to the Astyanax scabripinnisspecies complex and is easily distinguished from its congeners included in this group by its allometric growth of the mouth, which goes from terminal in young individuals to subterminal mouth in larger specimens. Additionally, the new species is distinguished by meristic and morphometric characters. Astyanax eremus presents an evident polymorphism on the traditional character "number of teeth in inner premaxillary row". Comments about that character are provided.
Collapse
|
5
|
Gunter HM, Fan S, Xiong F, Franchini P, Fruciano C, Meyer A. Shaping development through mechanical strain: the transcriptional basis of diet-induced phenotypic plasticity in a cichlid fish. Mol Ecol 2013; 22:4516-31. [PMID: 23952004 DOI: 10.1111/mec.12417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 05/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Adaptive phenotypic plasticity, the ability of an organism to change its phenotype to match local environments, is increasingly recognized for its contribution to evolution. However, few empirical studies have explored the molecular basis of plastic traits. The East African cichlid fish Astatoreochromis alluaudi displays adaptive phenotypic plasticity in its pharyngeal jaw apparatus, a structure that is widely seen as an evolutionary key innovation that has contributed to the remarkable diversity of cichlid fishes. It has previously been shown that in response to different diets, the pharyngeal jaws change their size, shape and dentition: hard diets induce an adaptive robust molariform tooth phenotype with short jaws and strong internal bone structures, while soft diets induce a gracile papilliform tooth phenotype with elongated jaws and slender internal bone structures. To gain insight into the molecular underpinnings of these adaptations and enable future investigations of the role that phenotypic plasticity plays during the formation of adaptive radiations, the transcriptomes of the two divergent jaw phenotypes were examined. Our study identified a total of 187 genes whose expression differs in response to hard and soft diets, including immediate early genes, extracellular matrix genes and inflammatory factors. Transcriptome results are interpreted in light of expression of candidate genes-markers for tooth size and shape, bone cells and mechanically sensitive pathways. This study opens up new avenues of research at new levels of biological organization into the roles of phenotypic plasticity during speciation and radiation of cichlid fishes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helen M Gunter
- Lehrstuhl für Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätstrasse 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fruciano C, Tigano C, Ferrito V. Traditional and geometric morphometrics detect morphological variation of lower pharyngeal jaw inCoris julis(Teleostei, Labridae). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/11250003.2010.547876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
7
|
Binning SA, Chapman LJ. Is intraspecific variation in diet and morphology related to environmental gradients? Exploring Liem's paradox in a cichlid fish. Integr Zool 2011; 5:241-55. [PMID: 21392342 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-4877.2010.00209.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Interspecific studies have demonstrated that trophic morphology and ecology are not always tightly matched: a phenomenon rarely reported at the intraspecific level. In the present study, we explored relationships among diet, morphology and the environment in a widespread cichlid fish, Astatoreochromis alluaudi (Pellegrin 1904), from 6 sites in southern Uganda to test for evidence of eco-morphological matching at the interdemic level. Previous studies of Astatoreochromis alluaudi have demonstrated developmental plasticity in trophic morphology in response to diet: a mollusk diet produces specimens with large pharyngeal jaws and muscles, whereas a soft-food diet produces smaller pharyngeal jaws and corresponding changes in musculature. Sites were chosen to maximize variability in environmental variables that might directly or indirectly affect trophic morphology. We found significant differences in pharyngeal jaw and muscle morphology among populations. Similarly, we found differences in diets among sites: mollusks were found in the stomachs of fish from only 2 populations sampled, despite the presence of mollusks in 5 of the 6 sites. Although trophic morphology did match the observed diet in 2 sites, diet did not correlate with either morphology or environmental variables across sites, nor were environmental variables correlated with morphological variation among sites. These results suggest that mismatch can occur among different populations of a single species for reasons such as seasonality in resources, developmental plasticity and/or complex indirect interactions. Intraspecific mechanisms should be further studied in order to better understand the complex relationships between morphological specialization and ecological generalization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra A Binning
- Biology Department, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3A 1B1.
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Reardon EE, Chapman LJ. Hypoxia and life-history traits in a eurytopic African cichlid. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2009; 75:1795-1815. [PMID: 20738649 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2009.02429.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This study quantified variation in key life-history traits of the widespread African mouth-brooding cichlid Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor victoriae. Egg size, number, batch reproductive effort, size at maturity and brooding efficiency were compared among field populations across a wide range of dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations from extreme hypoxia to normoxia. In the laboratory, a similar suite of characters was quantified in F1 of low- and high-DO origin reared under low or high DO. In general, females from low-DO habitats and females reared under low DO were characterized by a smaller size at maturity and no difference in batch reproductive effort when compared with females from high-DO habitats or females reared under normoxia. A trade-off between egg size and number was evident in the field and in the laboratory-rearing experiment, but the direction of the trade-off differed. Egg size was negatively correlated with egg number across field populations; females collected from low-DO sites generally had more, smaller eggs relative to females from high-DO sites. In the laboratory-rearing experiment, F1 females of high-DO origin produced larger, fewer eggs than F1 females of low-DO origin, lending support to the field results and suggesting a heritable component to these traits. There was also an element of developmental plasticity, F1 females raised under low DO produced larger, fewer eggs compared with F1 females raised under high DO (regardless of population) suggesting that DO may interact with other variables to determine egg size in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E E Reardon
- Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Dr Penfield Ave, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1B1 Canada.
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
RUTJES HENDRIKUSA, DE ZEEUW MARNIXP, VAN DEN THILLART GUIDOEEJM, WITTE FRANS. Changes in ventral head width, a discriminating shape factor among African cichlids, can be induced by chronic hypoxia. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2009.01298.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
10
|
Badyaev AV, Foresman KR, Young RL. Evolution of morphological integration: developmental accommodation of stress-induced variation. Am Nat 2005; 166:382-95. [PMID: 16224692 DOI: 10.1086/432559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2004] [Accepted: 04/08/2005] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Extreme environmental change during growth often results in an increase in developmental abnormalities in the morphology of an organism. The evolutionary significance of such stress-induced variation depends on the recurrence of a stressor and on the degree to which developmental errors can be accommodated by an organism's ontogeny without significant loss of function. We subjected populations of four species of soricid shrews to an extreme environment during growth and measured changes in the patterns of integration and accommodation of stress-induced developmental errors in a complex of mandibular traits. Adults that grew under an extreme environment had lower integration of morphological variation among mandibular traits and highly elevated fluctuating asymmetry in these traits, compared to individuals that grew under the control conditions. However, traits differed strongly in the magnitude of response to a stressor--traits within attachments of the same muscle (functionally integrated traits) had lower response and changed their integration less than other traits. Cohesiveness in functionally integrated complexes of traits under stress was maintained by close covariation of their developmental variation. Such developmental accommodation of stress-induced variation might enable the individual's functioning and persistence under extreme environmental conditions and thus provides a link between individual adaptation to stress and the evolution of stress resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Badyaev
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pigliucci M. The New Evolutionary Synthesis: Around the Corner, or Impossible Chimaera?A review of Developmental Plasticity and Evolution. ByMary Jane West‐Eberhard. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.$100.00 (hardcover); $49.95 (paper). xx + 794 p; ill.; author, taxonomic, and subject indexes. ISBN: 0–19–512234–8 (hc); 0–19–512235–6 (pb). 2003. THE QUARTERLY REVIEW OF BIOLOGY 2003. [DOI: 10.1086/379296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
12
|
|
13
|
BOUTON NIELS, VISSER JAAPDE, BAREL CORNELISDN. Correlating head shape with ecological variables in rock-dwelling haplochromines (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from Lake Victoria. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2002. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2002.tb01712.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
14
|
Klingenberg CP, Barluenga M, Meyer A. SHAPE ANALYSIS OF SYMMETRIC STRUCTURES: QUANTIFYING VARIATION AMONG INDIVIDUALS AND ASYMMETRY. Evolution 2002. [DOI: 10.1554/0014-3820(2002)056[1909:saossq]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
15
|
Tigano C, Ferrito V, Nicosia R. Morphological analysis of the pharyngeal jaws in two populations of Lebias fasciata Valenciennes, 1821 (Teleostei: Cyprinodontidae). J Morphol 1999; 241:107-14. [PMID: 10420157 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4687(199908)241:2<107::aid-jmor1>3.0.co;2-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The study of the pharyngeal jaws in two geographically isolated Italian populations of Lebias fasciata indicated the presence of two phenotypes: the Adriatic phenotype with a large ceratobranchial V and upper and lower pharyngeal jaws bearing few large teeth and the Sicilian phenotype with a smaller ceratobranchial V and pharyngeal jaws with smaller and more numerous teeth. The morphological variations of pharyngeal jaws should be interpreted as a result of the geographical isolation of these two populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Tigano
- Department of Animal Biology, Catania University, Catania, 95124, Italy.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Fifteen per cent of all living fishes are united in a single suborder (Labroidei) and display a dazzling array of behavioural and ecological traits. The labroids are considered monophyletic and members share a pharyngeal jaw apparatus (PJA) modified for crushing and processing prey. Outside of the explicitly functional PJA, there is no corroborative evidence for a monophyletic Labroidei. Here, we report the first molecular phylogenetic analysis of the suborder. Contrary to morphology-based phylogenies, our single-copy nuclear DNA data do not support labroid families as a natural group. Our data indicate that pharyngognathy has evolved independently among labroid families and that characters of the PJA are not reliable markers of perciform evolution. This work 'crushes' conventional views of fish phylogeny and should engender novel concepts of piscine life history evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J T Streelman
- Department of Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa 33620-5150, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|