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Shepherd L, Simon C, Langton-Myers S, Morgan-Richards M. Insights into Aotearoa New Zealand’s biogeographic history provided by the study of natural hybrid zones. J R Soc N Z 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/03036758.2022.2061020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lara Shepherd
- Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Chris Simon
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
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Wright SD, Liddell LG, Lacap‐Bugler DC, Gillman LN. Metrosideros
(Myrtaceae) in Oceania: Origin, evolution and dispersal. AUSTRAL ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.13053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shane D. Wright
- School of Biological Sciences University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142New Zealand
| | - Luke G. Liddell
- School of Biological Sciences University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142New Zealand
| | - Donnabella C. Lacap‐Bugler
- Faculty of Design and Creative Technology Auckland University of Technology Private Bag 92006 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - Len N. Gillman
- Faculty of Design and Creative Technology Auckland University of Technology Private Bag 92006 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
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3
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McCarthy JK, Wiser SK, Bellingham PJ, Beresford RM, Campbell RE, Turner R, Richardson SJ. Using spatial models to identify refugia and guide restoration in response to an invasive plant pathogen. J Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peter J. Bellingham
- Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research Lincoln New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
| | - Robert M. Beresford
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd Auckland New Zealand
| | - Rebecca E. Campbell
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd Motueka New Zealand
| | - Richard Turner
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd Wellington New Zealand
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4
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Painting CJ, Myers S, Holwell GI, Buckley TR. Phylogeography of the New Zealand giraffe weevil Lasiorhynchus barbicornis (Coleoptera: Brentidae): A comparison of biogeographic boundaries. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blx051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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5
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Dool SE, O’Donnell CFJ, Monks JM, Puechmaille SJ, Kerth G. Phylogeographic-based conservation implications for the New Zealand long-tailed bat, (Chalinolobus tuberculatus): identification of a single ESU and a candidate population for genetic rescue. CONSERV GENET 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-016-0844-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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6
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Kyrkou I, Iriondo JM, García-Fernández A. A glacial survivor of the alpine Mediterranean region: phylogenetic and phylogeographic insights into Silene ciliata Pourr. (Caryophyllaceae). PeerJ 2015; 3:e1193. [PMID: 26312184 PMCID: PMC4548490 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Silene ciliata Pourr. (Caryophyllaceae) is a species with a highly disjunct distribution which inhabits the alpine mountains of the Mediterranean Basin. We investigated the phylogeny and phylogeography of the species to (a) clarify the long-suggested division of S. ciliata into two subspecies, (b) evaluate its phylogenetic origin and (c) assess whether the species' diversification patterns were affected by the Mediterranean relief. For this purpose, we collected DNA from 25 populations of the species that inhabit the mountains of Portugal, Spain, France, Italy, former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Bulgaria and Greece and studied the plastid regions rbcL, rps16 and trnL. Major intraspecific variation was supported by all analyses, while the possibility of the existence of more varieties or subspecies was not favoured. Plastid DNA (cpDNA) evidence was in accordance with the division of S. ciliata into the two subspecies, one spreading west (Iberian Peninsula and Central Massif) and the other east of the Alps region (Italian and Balkan Peninsula). This study proposes that the species' geographically disconnected distribution has probably derived from vicariance processes and from the Alps acting as a barrier to the species' dispersal. The monophyletic origin of the species is highly supported. cpDNA patterns were shown independent of the chromosome evolution in the populations and could have resulted from a combination of geographic factors providing links and barriers, climatic adversities and evolutionary processes that took place during Quaternary glaciations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifigeneia Kyrkou
- Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens , Athens , Greece ; Area de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos , Móstoles, Madrid , Spain
| | - José María Iriondo
- Area de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos , Móstoles, Madrid , Spain
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7
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Michalski SG, Durka W. Separation in flowering time contributes to the maintenance of sympatric cryptic plant lineages. Ecol Evol 2015; 5:2172-84. [PMID: 26078854 PMCID: PMC4461419 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sympatric cryptic lineages are a challenge for the understanding of species coexistence and lineage diversification as well as for management, conservation, and utilization of plant genetic resources. In higher plants studies providing insights into the mechanisms creating and maintaining sympatric cryptic lineages are rare. Here, using microsatellites and chloroplast sequence data, morphometric analyses, and phenological observations, we ask whether sympatrically coexisting lineages in the common wetland plant Juncus effusus are ecologically differentiated and reproductively isolated. Our results show two genetically highly differentiated, homoploid lineages within J. effusus that are morphologically cryptic and have similar preference for soil moisture content. However, flowering time differed significantly between the lineages contributing to reproductive isolation and the maintenance of these lineages. Furthermore, the later flowering lineage suffered less from predispersal seed predation by a Coleophora moth species. Still, we detected viable and reproducing hybrids between both lineages and the earlier flowering lineage and J. conglomeratus, a coexisting close relative. Flowering time differentiation between the lineages can be explained by neutral divergence alone and together with a lack of postzygotic isolation mechanisms; the sympatric coexistence of these lineages is most likely the result of an allopatric origin with secondary contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan G Michalski
- Department of Community Ecology (BZF), Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research UFZ Theodor-Lieser-Strasse 4, Halle, D-06120, Germany
| | - Walter Durka
- Department of Community Ecology (BZF), Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research UFZ Theodor-Lieser-Strasse 4, Halle, D-06120, Germany
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8
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de Lange PJ. A revision of the New Zealand Kunzeaericoides (Myrtaceae) complex. PHYTOKEYS 2014:1-185. [PMID: 25197228 PMCID: PMC4154306 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.40.7973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A revision of the New Zealand Kunzeaericoides complex is presented. This paper is the final of a series that has explored the systematics of the New Zealand Kunzea complex using cytological and molecular variation, as well as experimental hybridisations between postulated segregates. As a result of those studies ten species, all endemic to New Zealand, are recognised; seven of these are new. One species, Kunzeatriregensis sp. nov., is endemic to the Three Kings Islands and another species Kunzeasinclairii, endemic to Aotea (Great Barrier Island). The North Island of New Zealand has seven species, Kunzeaamathicola sp. nov., Kunzeasalterae sp. nov., Kunzeaserotina sp. nov., Kunzearobusta sp. nov., Kunzeatenuicaulis sp. nov., Kunzeatoelkenii sp. nov., and Kunzealinearis comb. nov. Of these, Kunzealinearis, Kunzeasalterae, Kunzeatenuicaulis and Kunzeatoelkenii are endemic to the North Island, and Kunzeaamathicola, Kunzearobusta and Kunzeaserotina extend to the South Island which also supports one endemic, Kunzeaericoides. Typifications are published for Leptospermumericoides A.Rich., Leptospermumericoidesvar.linearis Kirk, Leptospermumericoidesvar.microflorum G.Simps., Leptospermumericoidesvar.pubescens Kirk, and Leptospermumsinclairii Kirk, names here all referred to Kunzea. The ecology, conservation, extent of natural hybridisation and some aspects of the ethnobotany (vernacular names) of these Kunzea are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. de Lange
- Science & Capability Group, Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Conservation, Private Bag 68908 Newton, Auckland 1145, New Zealand
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9
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Marshall DC, Hill KBR, Marske KA, Chambers C, Buckley TR, Simon C. Limited, episodic diversification and contrasting phylogeography in a New Zealand cicada radiation. BMC Evol Biol 2012; 12:177. [PMID: 22967046 PMCID: PMC3537654 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-12-177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The New Zealand (NZ) cicada fauna contains two co-distributed lineages that independently colonized the isolated continental fragment in the Miocene. One extensively studied lineage includes 90% of the extant species (Kikihia + Maoricicada + Rhodopsalta; ca 51 spp.), while the other contains just four extant species (Amphipsalta - 3 spp. + Notopsalta - 1 sp.) and has been little studied. We examined mitochondrial and nuclear-gene phylogenies and phylogeography, Bayesian relaxed-clock divergence timing (incorporating literature-based uncertainty of molecular clock estimates) and ecological niche models of the species from the smaller radiation. RESULTS Mitochondrial and nuclear-gene trees supported the monophyly of Amphipsalta. Most interspecific diversification within Amphipsalta-Notopsalta occurred from the mid-Miocene to the Pliocene. However, interspecific divergence time estimates had large confidence intervals and were highly dependent on the assumed tree prior, and comparisons of uncorrected and patristic distances suggested difficulty in estimation of branch lengths. In contrast, intraspecific divergence times varied little across analyses, and all appear to have occurred during the Pleistocene. Two large-bodied forest taxa (A. cingulata, A. zelandica) showed minimal phylogeographic structure, with intraspecific diversification dating to ca. 0.16 and 0.37 Ma, respectively. Mid-Pleistocene-age phylogeographic structure was found within two smaller-bodied species (A. strepitans - 1.16 Ma, N. sericea - 1.36 Ma] inhabiting dry open habitats. Branches separating independently evolving species were long compared to intraspecific branches. Ecological niche models hindcast to the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) matched expectations from the genetic datasets for A. zelandica and A. strepitans, suggesting that the range of A. zelandica was greatly reduced while A. strepitans refugia were more extensive. However, no LGM habitat could be reconstructed for A. cingulata and N. sericea, suggesting survival in microhabitats not detectable with our downscaled climate data. CONCLUSIONS Unlike the large and continuous diversification exhibited by the Kikihia-Maoricicada-Rhodopsalta clade, the contemporaneous Amphipsalta-Notopsalta lineage contains four comparatively old (early branching) species that show only recent diversification. This indicates either a long period of stasis with no speciation, or one or more bouts of extinction that have pruned the radiation. Within Amphipsalta-Notopsalta, greater population structure is found in dry-open-habitat species versus forest specialists. We attribute this difference to the fact that NZ lowland forests were repeatedly reduced in extent during glacial periods, while steep, open habitats likely became more available during late Pleistocene uplift.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Marshall
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 75 N. Eagleville Rd, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Kathy B R Hill
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 75 N. Eagleville Rd, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Katharine A Marske
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Colleen Chambers
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 75 N. Eagleville Rd, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Thomas R Buckley
- Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
- Allan Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Chris Simon
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 75 N. Eagleville Rd, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
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10
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Fraser CI, Nikula R, Ruzzante DE, Waters JM. Poleward bound: biological impacts of Southern Hemisphere glaciation. Trends Ecol Evol 2012; 27:462-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2012.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Shepherd LD, Perrie LR. Microsatellite DNA analyses of a highly disjunct New Zealand tree reveal strong differentiation and imply a formerly more continuous distribution. Mol Ecol 2011; 20:1389-400. [PMID: 21366745 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2011.05017.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Although New Zealand is a biodiversity hotspot, there has been little genetic investigation of why so many of its threatened and uncommon plants have naturally disjunct distributions. We investigated the small tree Pseudopanax ferox (Araliaceae), which has a widespread but highly disjunct lowland distribution within New Zealand. Genotyping of nuclear microsatellites and a chloroplast locus revealed pronounced genetic differentiation and four principal genetic clusters. Our results indicate that the disjunct distribution is a product of vicariance rather than long-distance dispersal. This highlights the need to preserve multiple populations when disjunct distributions are the result of vicariance, rather than focusing conservation efforts on a core area, in order to retain as much as possible of a species' evolutionary legacy and potential. Additionally, based on our genetic findings and the ecology of P. ferox, we hypothesize that it was more continuously distributed during the drier (but not maximally colder) interstadials of glacial periods and/or on the fertile soils available immediately postglacial. We further hypothesize that P. ferox belongs to a suite of species of drought-prone and/or fertile habitats whose distributions are actually restricted during warmer and wetter interglacial periods, despite being principally of the lowlands. Our genetic data for P. ferox are also the first consistent with the survival during the Last Glacial Maxima of a lowland tree at high latitudes in the south-eastern South Island.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara D Shepherd
- Institute of Molecular BioSciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
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12
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Kikuchi R, Jae-Hong P, Takahashi H, Maki M. Disjunct distribution of chloroplast DNA haplotypes in the understory perennial Veratrum album ssp. oxysepalum (Melanthiaceae) in Japan as a result of ancient introgression. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2010; 188:879-891. [PMID: 20659302 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03398.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
• The Quaternary climatic changes resulted in range shifts of species, providing chances for hybridization. However, the genetic signatures of such ancient introgression have rarely been reported. To investigate such signatures, we performed a phylogeographical study on the perennial plant Veratrum album ssp. oxysepalum, which may have hybridized long ago with another congeneric species, V. stamineum. • Sequence variations in chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) were examined in 43 populations in Japan and adjacent areas. Phylogenetic analyses of different cpDNA haplotypes were conducted on the basis of cpDNA and nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (nrITS) variations. • In the Japanese archipelago, two major groups of haplotypes were detected, one of which was distributed in a disjunct pattern. The major haplotype, occupying the central part of the species' distribution, formed a monophyletic group with V. stamineum in phylogenetic trees on the basis of cpDNA variation, although the two species did not form a monophyletic group in phylogenetic trees on the basis of nrITS variation. • Historical hybridization between V. album ssp. oxysepalum and V. stamineum in refugia during the Quaternary climatic oscillations, and the resulting chloroplast capture of V. stamineum by V. album ssp. oxysepalum, are most probably responsible for the disjunct distribution of cpDNA in V. album ssp. oxysepalum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Kikuchi
- Division of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, Japan
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Wayman KA, de Lange PJ, Larsen L, Sansom CE, Perry NB. Chemotaxonomy of Pseudowintera: sesquiterpene dialdehyde variants are species markers. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2010; 71:766-772. [PMID: 20176388 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2010.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2009] [Revised: 01/27/2010] [Accepted: 01/29/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Two sesquiterpene dialdehydes, the 1beta-E-coumaroyl-5alpha-hydroxypolygodial plus the known 1beta-E-cinnamoyl-5alpha-hydroxypolygodial, were isolated from the recently described species Pseudowintera insperata. This discovery is a further example of the rare sesquiterpene dialdehyde coumarate/cinnamate combination being found exclusively in the family Winteraceae. Another sesquiterpene dialdehyde, isopaxidal, with the rare rearranged drimane skeleton, was isolated from Pseudowintera axillaris. The sesquiterpene dialdehyde contents of leaves of 25 individual plants of the four Pseudowintera species, all endemic to New Zealand, were measured by HPLC. P. insperata individuals all had high levels (3.0-6.9% of leaf dry wt.) of the coumarate, P. axillaris had high levels (2.2-6.9%) of paxidal, and Pseudowintera colorata from different areas of New Zealand contained varying levels of polygodial (1.4-2.9%) and 9-deoxymuzigadial (0-2.9%). Therefore the sesquiterpene dialdehydes are good species markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kjirsten A Wayman
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt State University, Arcata, CA 95521, USA
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MARSKE KATHARINEA, LESCHEN RICHARDAB, BARKER GARYM, BUCKLEY THOMASR. Phylogeography and ecological niche modelling implicate coastal refugia and trans-alpine dispersal of a New Zealand fungus beetle. Mol Ecol 2009; 18:5126-42. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2009.04418.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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BUCKLEY THOMASR, MARSKE KATHARINEA, ATTANAYAKE DILINI. Identifying glacial refugia in a geographic parthenogen using palaeoclimate modelling and phylogeography: the New Zealand stick insectArgosarchus horridus(White). Mol Ecol 2009; 18:4650-63. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2009.04396.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Fouquet A, Green DM, Waldman B, Bowsher JH, McBride KP, Gemmell NJ. Phylogeography of Leiopelma hochstetteri reveals strong genetic structure and suggests new conservation priorities. CONSERV GENET 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-009-9935-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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18
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MARSHALL DAVIDC, HILL KATHYBR, FONTAINE KATHRYNM, BUCKLEY THOMASR, SIMON CHRIS. Glacial refugia in a maritime temperate climate: Cicada (Kikihia subalpina) mtDNA phylogeography in New Zealand. Mol Ecol 2009; 18:1995-2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2009.04155.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Harbaugh DT, Wagner WL, Percy DM, James HF, Fleischer RC. Genetic structure of the polymorphic metrosideros (Myrtaceae) complex in the Hwaiian islands using nuclear microsatellite data. PLoS One 2009; 4:e4698. [PMID: 19259272 PMCID: PMC2649539 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0004698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2008] [Accepted: 01/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Five species of Metrosideros (Myrtaceae) are recognized in the Hawaiian Islands, including the widespread M. polymorpha, and are characterized by a multitude of distinctive, yet overlapping, habit, ecological, and morphological forms. It remains unclear, despite several previous studies, whether the morphological variation within Hawaiian Metrosideros is due to hybridization, genetic polymorphism, phenotypic plasticity, or some combination of these processes. The Hawaiian Metrosideros complex has become a model system to study ecology and evolution; however this is the first study to use microsatellite data for addressing inter-island patterns of variation from across the Hawaiian Islands. Methodology/Principal Findings Ten nuclear microsatellite loci were genotyped from 143 individuals of Metrosideros. We took advantage of the bi-parental inheritance and rapid mutation rate of these data to examine the validity of the current taxonomy and to investigate whether Metrosideros plants from the same island are more genetically similar than plants that are morphologically similar. The Bayesian algorithm of the program structure was used to define genetic groups within Hawaiian Metrosideros and the closely related taxon M. collina from the Marquesas and Austral Islands. Several standard and nested AMOVAs were conducted to test whether the genetic diversity is structured geographically or taxonomically. Conclusions/Significance The results suggest that Hawaiian Metrosideros have dynamic gene flow, with genetic and morphological diversity structured not simply by geography or taxonomy, but as a result of parallel evolution on islands following rampant island-island dispersal, in addition to ancient chloroplast capture. Results also suggest that the current taxonomy requires major revisions in order to reflect the genetic structure revealed in the microsatellite data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danica T Harbaugh
- Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, United States of America.
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20
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Morgan‐Richards M, Smissen RD, Shepherd LD, Wallis GP, Hayward JJ, Chan C, Chambers GK, Chapman HM. A review of genetic analyses of hybridisation in New Zealand. J R Soc N Z 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/03014220909510561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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21
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CHAPPLE DAVIDG, DAUGHERTY CHARLESH, RITCHIE PETERA. Comparative phylogeography reveals pre-decline population structure of New Zealand Cyclodina (Reptilia: Scincidae) species. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2008.01062.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Percy DM, Garver AM, Wagner WL, James HF, Cunningham CW, Miller SE, Fleischer RC. Progressive island colonization and ancient origin of Hawaiian Metrosideros (Myrtaceae). Proc Biol Sci 2008; 275:1479-90. [PMID: 18426752 PMCID: PMC2602662 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2008.0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2008] [Revised: 03/20/2008] [Accepted: 03/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of the evolutionary history of plants that are ecologically dominant in modern ecosystems is critical to understanding the historical development of those ecosystems. Metrosideros is a plant genus found in many ecological and altitudinal zones throughout the Pacific. In the Hawaiian Islands, Metrosideros polymorpha is an ecologically dominant species and is also highly polymorphic in both growth form and ecology. Using 10 non-coding chloroplast regions, we investigated haplotype diversity in the five currently recognized Hawaiian Metrosideros species and an established out-group, Metrosideros collina, from French Polynesia. Multiple haplotype groups were found, but these did not match morphological delimitations. Alternative morphologies sharing the same haplotype, as well as similar morphologies occurring within several distinct island clades, could be the result of developmental plasticity, parallel evolution or chloroplast capture. The geographical structure of the data is consistent with a pattern of age progressive island colonizations and suggests de novo intra-island diversification. If single colonization events resulted in a similar array of morphologies on each island, this would represent parallel radiations within a single, highly polymorphic species. However, we were unable to resolve whether the pattern is instead explained by ancient introgression and incomplete lineage sorting resulting in repeated chloroplast capture. Using several calibration methods, we estimate the colonization of the Hawaiian Islands to be potentially as old as 3.9 (-6.3) Myr with an ancestral position for Kaua'i in the colonization and evolution of Metrosideros in the Hawaiian Islands. This would represent a more ancient arrival of Metrosideros to this region than previous studies have suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M Percy
- National Museum of Natural History, Box 37012, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, USA.
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23
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Liggins L, Chapple DG, Daugherty CH, Ritchie PA. A SINE of restricted gene flow across the Alpine Fault: phylogeography of the New Zealand common skink (Oligosoma nigriplantare polychroma). Mol Ecol 2008; 17:3668-83. [PMID: 18662221 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2008.03864.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
New Zealand has experienced a complex climatic and geological history since the Pliocene. Thus, identifying the processes most important in having driven the evolution of New Zealand's biota has proven difficult. Here we examine the phylogeography of the New Zealand common skink (Oligosoma nigriplantare polychroma) which is distributed throughout much of New Zealand and crosses many putative biogeographical boundaries. Using mitochondrial DNA sequence data, we revealed five geographically distinct lineages that are highly differentiated (pairwise Phi(ST) 0.54-0.80). The phylogeographical pattern and inferred age of the lineages suggests Pliocene mountain building along active fault lines promoted their divergence 3.98-5.45 million years ago. A short interspersed nuclear element (SINE) polymorphism in the myosin gene intron (MYH-2) confirmed a pattern of restricted gene flow between lineages on either side of the mountain ranges associated with the Alpine Fault that runs southwest to northeast across the South Island of New Zealand. An analysis of molecular variance confirmed that approximately 40% of the genetic differentiation in O. n. polychroma is distributed across this major fault line. The straits between the main islands of New Zealand accounted for much less of the variation found within O. n. polychroma, most likely due to the repeated existence of landbridges between islands during periods of the Pleistocene that allowed migration. Overall, our findings reveal the relative roles of different climatic and geological processes, and in particular, demonstrate the importance of the Alpine Fault in the evolution of New Zealand's biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libby Liggins
- Allan Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand.
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Shepherd LD, Perrie LR, Brownsey PJ. Fire and ice: volcanic and glacial impacts on the phylogeography of the New Zealand forest fernAsplenium hookerianum. Mol Ecol 2007; 16:4536-49. [PMID: 17877716 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2007.03451.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the Southern Hemisphere there has been little phylogeographical investigation of forest refugia sites during the last glacial. Hooker's spleenwort, Asplenium hookerianum, is a fern that is found throughout New Zealand. It is strongly associated with forest and is a proxy for the survival of woody vegetation during the last glacial maximum. DNA sequence data from the chloroplast trnL-trnF locus were obtained from 242 samples, including c. 10 individuals from each of 21 focal populations. Most populations contained multiple, and in many cases unique, haplotypes, including those neighbouring formerly glaciated areas, while the predominant inference from nested clade analysis was restricted gene flow with isolation by distance. These results suggest that A. hookerianum survived the last glacial maximum in widespread populations of sufficient size to retain the observed phylogeography, and therefore that the sheltering woody vegetation must have been similarly abundant. This is consistent with palynological interpretations for the survival in New Zealand of thermophilous forest species at considerably smaller distances from the ice sheets than recorded for the Northern Hemisphere. Eastern and central North Island populations of A. hookerianum were characterized by a different subset of haplotypes to populations from the remainder of the country. A similar east-west phylogeographical pattern has been detected in a diverse array of taxa, and has previously been attributed to recurrent vulcanism in the central North Island.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara D Shepherd
- Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, PO Box 467, Wellington 6140, New Zealand.
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Hare KM, Daugherty CH, Chapple DG. Comparative phylogeography of three skink species (Oligosoma moco, O. smithi, O. suteri; Reptilia: Scincidae) in northeastern New Zealand. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2007; 46:303-15. [PMID: 17911035 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2007.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2007] [Revised: 07/30/2007] [Accepted: 08/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Sea-level fluctuations during the Pliocene and Pleistocene have shaped the landscape of the Northland region of New Zealand. We examined the comparative phylogeography of three skink species (Oligosoma moco, O. smithi, O. suteri) in northeastern New Zealand in order to investigate the impact of the historical processes that have prevailed since the Pliocene on the Northland fauna. O. moco, O. smithi and O. suteri have similar distributions across northeastern New Zealand, frequently occurring in sympatry. We obtained sequence data from across the entire range of each species, targeting the ND2 mitochondrial gene. Using Neighbor-Joining, Maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods, our analysis revealed contrasting phylogeographic patterns in each species. We found substantial phylogeographic structure within O. moco, with three distinct clades identified. Similarly, deep phylogeographic divergence was evident within O. smithi, with three distinct clades present. Clade 1 included O. smithi populations from the Three Kings Islands and the western coastline of Northland, while Clade 2 encompassed the remainder of the range. However, since Clade 3 corresponded to a described species (O. microlepis), O. smithi might represent a species complex. In both O. moco and O. smithi, divergences among clades are estimated to have occurred in the Pliocene, with divergences within clades occurring during the Pleistocene. In contrast, genetic divergence among O. suteri populations was extremely limited and indicative of more recent divergences during the Pleistocene. The lack of phylogeographic structure in O. suteri might be a consequence of its oviparous reproductive mode, which restricted its distribution to warm northern refugia during glacial maxima. Differences in the ecology and biology of each species might have produced contrasting responses to the same historical processes, and ultimately diverse phylogeographic patterns. Our study reveals an absence of consistent and concordant phylogeographic patterns in the Northland biota, even within the same taxonomic group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M Hare
- Allan Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
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Frajman B, Oxelman B. Reticulate phylogenetics and phytogeographical structure of Heliosperma (Sileneae, Caryophyllaceae) inferred from chloroplast and nuclear DNA sequences. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2007; 43:140-55. [PMID: 17188521 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2006.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2006] [Revised: 07/24/2006] [Accepted: 11/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The Balkan Peninsula is known to be one of the most diverse and species-rich parts of Europe, but its biota has gained much less attention in phylogenetic and evolutionary studies compared to other southern European mountain systems. We used nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences and intron sequences of the chloroplast gene rps16 to examine phylogenetic and biogeographical patterns within the genus Heliosperma (Sileneae, Caryophyllaceae). The ITS and rps16 intron sequences both support monophyly of Heliosperma, but the data are not conclusive with regard to its exact origin. Three strongly supported clades are found in both data sets, corresponding to Heliosperma alpestre, Heliosperma macranthum and the Heliosperma pusillum clade, including all other taxa. The interrelationships among these three differ between the nuclear and the plastid data sets. Hierarchical relationships within the H. pusillum clade are poorly resolved by the ITS data, but the rps16 intron sequences form two well-supported clades which are geographically, rather than taxonomically, correlated. A similar geographical structure is found in the ITS data, when analyzed with the NeighbourNet method. The apparent rate of change within Heliosperma is slightly higher for rps16 as compared to ITS. In contrast, in the Sileneae outgroup, ITS substitution rates are more than twice as high as those for rps16, a situation more in agreement with what has been found in other rate comparisons of noncoding cpDNA and ITS. Unlike most other Sileneae ITS sequences, the H. pusillum group sequences display extensive polymorphism. A possible explanation to these patterns is extensive hybridization and gene flow within Heliosperma, which together with concerted evolution may have eradicated the ancient divergence suggested by the rps16 data. The morphological differentiation into high elevation, mainly widely distributed taxa, and low elevation narrow endemics is not correlated with the molecular data, and is possibly a result of ecological differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozo Frajman
- Department of Systematic Botany, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18d, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden.
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