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Sheng Y, Chen J, Jiang H, Lu Y, Dong Z, Pang L, Zhang J, Wang Y, Chen X, Huang J. The vitellogenin receptor gene contributes to mating and host-searching behaviors in parasitoid wasps. iScience 2023; 26:106298. [PMID: 36950109 PMCID: PMC10025991 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitellogenin receptor (VgR) is essential to vitellogenin uptaking and dominates ovary maturation in insects. However, the function of VgR in parasitoid wasps is largely unknown. Here, we applied the Drosophila parasitoid Leptopilina boulardi as a study model to investigate the function of VgR in parasitoids. Despite the conserved sequence characteristics with other insect VgRs, we found L. boulardi VgR (LbVgR) gene was highly expressed in head but lower in ovary. In addition, we found that LbVgR had no effects on ovary development, but participated in host-searching behavior of female L. boulardi and mating behavior of male L. boulardi. Comparative transcriptome analysis further revealed LbVgR might play crucial roles in regulating the expression of some important chemoreception genes to adjust the parasitoid behaviors. These results will broaden our knowledge of the function of VgR in insects, and contribute to develop advanced pest management strategies using parasitoids as biocontrol agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Sheng
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiani Chen
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hanyu Jiang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yueqi Lu
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhi Dong
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lan Pang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Junwei Zhang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xuexin Chen
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianhua Huang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Corresponding author
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Zhang S, Huang J, Wang Q, You M, Xia X. Changes in the Host Gut Microbiota during Parasitization by Parasitic Wasp Cotesia vestalis. INSECTS 2022; 13:760. [PMID: 36135461 PMCID: PMC9506224 DOI: 10.3390/insects13090760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Parasites attack the host insects and possibly impact the host-gut microbiota, which leads to provision of a suitable host environment for parasites' development. However, little is known about whether and how the parasitic wasp Cotesia vestalis alters the gut microbiota of the host Plutella xylostella. In this study, 16S rDNA microbial profiling, combined with a traditional isolation and culture method, were used to assess changes in the bacterial microbiome of parasitized and non-parasitized hosts at different developmental stages of C. vestalis larvae. Parasitization affected both the diversity and structure of the host-gut microbiota, with a significant reduction in richness on the sixth day post parasitization (6 DPP) and significant differences in bacterial structure between parasitized and non-parasitized hosts on the third day. The bacterial abundance of host-gut microbiota changed significantly as the parasitization progressed, resulting in alteration of potential functional contribution. Notably, the relative abundance of the predominant family Enterobacteriaceae was significantly decreased on the third day post-parasitization. In addition, the results of traditional isolation and culture of bacteria indicated differences in the bacterial composition between the three DPP and CK3 groups, as with 16S microbial profiling. These findings shed light on the interaction between a parasitic wasp and gut bacteria in the host insect during parasitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaiqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jieling Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Qiuping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Minsheng You
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiaofeng Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China
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Sethuraman A, Tovar A, Welch W, Dettmers R, Arce C, Skaggs T, Rothenberg A, Saisho R, Summerhays B, Cartmill R, Grenier C, Vasquez Y, Vansant H, Obrycki J. Genome of the parasitoid wasp Dinocampus coccinellae reveals extensive duplications, accelerated evolution, and independent origins of thelytokous parthenogeny and solitary behavior. G3 GENES|GENOMES|GENETICS 2022; 12:6499286. [PMID: 35100359 PMCID: PMC8896016 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkac001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Dinocampus coccinellae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is a generalist parasitoid wasp that parasitizes >50 species of predatory lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), with thelytokous parthenogeny as its primary mode of reproduction. Here, we present the first high-quality genome of D. coccinellae using a combination of short- and long-read sequencing technologies, followed by assembly and scaffolding of chromosomal segments using Chicago + HiC technologies. We also present a first-pass ab initio and a reference-based genome annotation and resolve timings of divergence and evolution of (1) solitary behavior vs eusociality, (2) arrhenotokous vs thelytokous parthenogenesis, and (3) rates of gene loss and gain among Hymenopteran lineages. Our study finds (1) at least 2 independent origins of eusociality and solitary behavior among Hymenoptera, (2) 2 independent origins of thelytokous parthenogenesis from ancestral arrhenotoky, and (3) accelerated rates of gene duplications, loss, and gain along the lineages leading to D. coccinellae. Our work both affirms the ancient divergence of Braconid wasps from ancestral Hymenopterans and accelerated rates of evolution in response to adaptations to novel hosts, including polyDNA viral coevolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Sethuraman
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA 92096, USA
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Alicia Tovar
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA 92096, USA
| | - Walker Welch
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA 92096, USA
| | - Ryan Dettmers
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA 92096, USA
| | - Camila Arce
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA 92096, USA
| | - Timothy Skaggs
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA 92096, USA
| | - Alexander Rothenberg
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA 92096, USA
| | - Roxane Saisho
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA 92096, USA
| | - Bryce Summerhays
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA 92096, USA
| | - Ryan Cartmill
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA 92096, USA
| | - Christy Grenier
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA 92096, USA
| | - Yumary Vasquez
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA 92096, USA
- Department of Life and Environmental Systems, University of California Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Hannah Vansant
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA 92096, USA
| | - John Obrycki
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
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Boulton RA, Heimpel GE. Mind the Gap: the evolution of oviposition site and specialization in the parasitoid superfamily Chalcidoidea. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/bly031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Boulton
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Penryn Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - George E Heimpel
- Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA
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5
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Henri DC, Van Veen FJF. Link flexibility: evidence for environment-dependent adaptive foraging in a food web time-series. Ecology 2016; 97:1381-7. [PMID: 27459769 DOI: 10.1890/15-0827.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Temporal variability in the distribution of feeding links in a food web can be an important stabilizing factor for these complex systems. Adaptive foraging and prey choice have been hypothesized to cause this link flexibility as organisms adjust their behavior to variation in the prey community. Here, we analyze a 10-yr time series of monthly aphid-parasitoid-secondary-parasitoid networks and show that interaction strengths for polyphagous secondary parasitoids are generally biased toward the larger host species within their fundamental niche; however, in months of higher competition for hosts, size-based biases are reduced. The results corroborate a previous hypothesis stating that host selectivity of parasitoids should be correlated to the relative likelihood of egg limitation vs. time limitation. Our results evince adaptation of foraging behavior to varying conditions affects the distribution of host-parasitoid link strengths, where link-rewiring may be integral to stability in complex communities.
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Pourian HR, Talaei-Hassanloui R, Ashouri A, Lotfalizadeh HA, Nozari J. Ontogeny and reproductive biology of Diadegma semiclausum (Hym.: Ichneumonidae), a larval endoparasitoid of Diamondback Moth, Plutella xylostella (Lep.: Plutellidae). ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT 2015; 44:69-76. [PMID: 25463756 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this article, the ontogeny and reproductive biology of Diadegma semiclausum (Hym.: Ichneumonidae), an important parasitoid of Plutella xylostella (Lep.: Plutellidae) are described in detail. We did dissect parasitized P. xylostella larvae in phosphate-buffered saline and determine the external morphology of its parasitoid at all developmental stages. The developmental duration of its immature stages, adult longevity, total oviposition period and fecundity of the parasitoid are determined at 24 ± 1 °C, 65 ± 5% R.H., and a photoperiod of 16:8 h L:D. The mean duration of egg and larval stages is 9.56 days and the prepupa and pupa stages last for 8.27 days. In average, female longevity is 1.31 times longer than that of males, and females lay 300 eggs in total. The peak of D. semiclausum oviposition is on the eighth day after mating. The egg loading pattern of D. semiclausum was investigated to determine the parasitoid 'ovigeny index' throughout the female's parasitoid lifetime. Initial egg load in immature females (<2 h age) is 1.45 per female and the mean lifetime potential fecundity (total immature and mature oocytes), at four interval ages, is 34. With an ovigeny index value of 0.038, D. semiclausum is considered moderately to strongly synovigenic. In the absence of the host, after 3 days, the number of eggs is decreased in D. semiclausum. Our results demonstrated that there is a negative relation between the ovigeny index and egg resorption in this parasitoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid-Reza Pourian
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, PO Box, 4111, Karaj, 31587-11167, Iran
| | - Reza Talaei-Hassanloui
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, PO Box, 4111, Karaj, 31587-11167, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Ashouri
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, PO Box, 4111, Karaj, 31587-11167, Iran
| | - Hossein-Ali Lotfalizadeh
- Department of Plant Protection, East-Azarbaijan Research Centre for Agriculture and Natural Resources, PO Box, 5355179854, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jamasb Nozari
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, PO Box, 4111, Karaj, 31587-11167, Iran
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Wang W, Lu SL, Liu WX, Cheng LS, Zhang YB, Wan FH. Effects of Five Naturally Occurring Sugars on the Longevity, Oogenesis, and Nutrient Accumulation Pattern in Adult Females of the Synovigenic Parasitoid Neochrysocharis formosa (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2014; 43:564-573. [PMID: 27194065 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-014-0247-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Neochrysocharis formosa (Westwood) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), one of the dominant natural enemies of agromyzid leafminers, is a synovigenic parasitoid. We compared the longevity, oogenesis, and nutrient levels of female wasps provided with 10% solutions of five naturally occurring sugars. All five sugars significantly increased the longevity of female wasps, which was 6.5-9.3-fold higher than that of parasitoids provided with water only. We found no significant difference in longevity of female wasps fed on glucose versus fructose or trehalose versus melezitose, but longevity of wasps fed on glucose or fructose was significantly longer than those fed on trehalose or melezitose. Also, we examined the oosorption capability of wasps fed on the five sugars. Some mature eggs were present in the ovaries of newly emerged females, but these were fully reabsorbed within 72 h when wasps were starved. Once wasps were fed with any of the sugars, the number of mature eggs increased at first and then decreased due to oosorption. The longevity and oogenesis dynamics of female wasps fed on five sugars were related with their function of hydrolysis and digestion. As female wasps have no lipogenesis capability, by acquiring exogenous sugars for oogenesis, they can either maintain or exceed the original level of capital nutrients held on adult emergence because none of the wasps' glycogen need be metabolized to burn as sugar.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Wang
- State Key Lab for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- College of Environment and Plant Protection, Hainan Univ, Haikou, People's Republic of China
| | - S-L Lu
- State Key Lab for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - W-X Liu
- State Key Lab for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- Dept of Biological Invasions, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences #2, West Road of Yuan-Ming-Yuan, Haidian, Beijing, China, 100193.
| | - L-S Cheng
- Qiongtai Teachers College, Haikou, People's Republic of China
| | - Y-B Zhang
- State Key Lab for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - F-H Wan
- State Key Lab for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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9
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Vane-Wright RI. What is life? And what might be said of the role of behaviour in its evolution? Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R. I. Vane-Wright
- Life Sciences Department; Natural History Museum; London SW7 5BD UK
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology (DICE); University of Kent; Canterbury CT2 7NR UK
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Harvey JA, Cloutier J, Visser B, Ellers J, Wäckers FL, Gols R. The effect of different dietary sugars and honey on longevity and fecundity in two hyperparasitoid wasps. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 58:816-823. [PMID: 22469560 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2012.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Revised: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In nature adult insects, such as parasitic wasps or 'parasitoids' often depend on supplemental nutritional sources, such as sugars and other carbohydrates, to maximize their life-expectancy and reproductive potential. These food resources are commonly obtained from animal secretions or plant exudates, including honeydew, fruit juices and both floral and extra-floral nectar. In addition to exogenous sources of nutrition, adult parasitoids obtain endogenous sources from their hosts through 'host-feeding' behavior, whereby blood is imbibed from the host. Resources obtained from the host contain lipids, proteins and sugars that are assumed to enhance longevity and/or fecundity. Here we conducted an experiment exploring the effects of naturally occurring sugars on longevity and fecundity in the solitary hyperparasitoids, Lysibia nana and Gelis agilis. Although both species are closely related, L. nana does not host-feed whereas G. agilis does. In a separate experiment, we compared reproduction and longevity in G. agilis reared on either honey, a honey-sugar 'mimic', and glucose. Reproductive success and longevity in both hyperparasitoids varied significantly when fed on different sugars. However, only mannose- and water-fed wasps performed significantly more poorly than wasps fed on four other sugar types. G. agilis females fed honey produced twice as many progeny as those reared on the honey-sugar mimic or on glucose, whereas female longevity was only reduced on the mimic mixture. This result shows not only that host feeding influences reproductive success in G. agilis, but also that non-sugar constituents in honey do. The importance of non-sugar nutrients in honey on parasitoid reproduction is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Harvey
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Droevendalsesteeg 10, 6708-PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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11
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Jervis MA, Moe A, Heimpel GE. The evolution of parasitoid fecundity: a paradigm under scrutiny. Ecol Lett 2012; 15:357-64. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2012.01745.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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PELOSSE PERRINE, JERVIS MARKA, BERNSTEIN CARLOS, DESOUHANT EMMANUEL. Does synovigeny confer reproductive plasticity upon a parasitoid wasp that is faced with variability in habitat richness? Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2011.01741.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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