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Ribas L, Crespo B, Sánchez-Baizán N, Xavier D, Kuhl H, Rodríguez JM, Díaz N, Boltañá S, MacKenzie S, Morán F, Zanuy S, Gómez A, Piferrer F. Characterization of the European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Gonadal Transcriptome During Sexual Development. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 21:359-373. [PMID: 30919121 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-019-09886-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The European sea bass is one of the most important cultured fish in Europe and has a marked sexual growth dimorphism in favor of females. It is a gonochoristic species with polygenic sex determination, where a combination between still undifferentiated genetic factors and environmental temperature determines sex ratios. The molecular mechanisms responsible for gonadal sex differentiation are still unknown. Here, we sampled fish during the gonadal developmental period (110 to 350 days post fertilization, dpf), and performed a comprehensive transcriptomic study by using a species-specific microarray. This analysis uncovered sex-specific gonadal transcriptomic profiles at each stage of development, identifying larger number of differentially expressed genes in ovaries when compared to testis. The expression patterns of 54 reproduction-related genes were analyzed. We found that hsd17β10 is a reliable marker of early ovarian differentiation. Further, three genes, pdgfb, snx1, and nfy, not previously related to fish sex differentiation, were tightly associated with testis development in the sea bass. Regarding signaling pathways, lysine degradation, bladder cancer, and NOD-like receptor signaling were enriched for ovarian development while eight pathways including basal transcription factors and steroid biosynthesis were enriched for testis development. Analysis of the transcription factor abundance showed an earlier increase in females than in males. Our results show that, although many players in the sex differentiation pathways are conserved among species, there are peculiarities in gene expression worth exploring. The genes identified in this study illustrate the diversity of players involved in fish sex differentiation and can become potential biomarkers for the management of sex ratios in the European sea bass and perhaps other cultured species.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ribas
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - B Crespo
- Institute of Aquaculture of Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes s/n. Torre la Sal, 12595, Castellón, Spain
- UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - N Sánchez-Baizán
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - D Xavier
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - H Kuhl
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Ecophysiology and Aquaculture, Leibniz Institute for Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
| | - J M Rodríguez
- Spanish National Bioinformatics Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular Proteomics Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - N Díaz
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Muenster, Germany
| | - S Boltañá
- Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Department of Oceanography, Biotechnology Center, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - S MacKenzie
- Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, UK
| | - F Morán
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - S Zanuy
- Institute of Aquaculture of Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes s/n. Torre la Sal, 12595, Castellón, Spain
| | - A Gómez
- Institute of Aquaculture of Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes s/n. Torre la Sal, 12595, Castellón, Spain.
| | - F Piferrer
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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Yang SY, He XY, Miller D. Hydroxysteroid (17β) dehydrogenase X in human health and disease. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2011; 343:1-6. [PMID: 21708223 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 06/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxysteroid (17β) dehydrogenase 10 (HSD10), the HSD17B10 gene product, is a mitochondrial NAD(+)-dependent dehydrogenase. There are two outstanding features of this vital enzyme: (a) the versatility of its catalytic endowment is attributed to the flexibility of its active site to accommodate diverse substrates such as steroids, fatty acids, bile acid, and xenobiotics; (b) its capacity to bind other proteins and peptides. For example, it tightly binds with three identical subunits to compose a homotetramer. The homotetramer then binds with two other proteins, namely, RNA (guanine-9-)methyl-transferase domain containing-1 and KIAA0391, to form mitochondrial RNase P. Furthermore, various HSD10 functions are inhibited when the enzyme is bound by amyloid-β peptide or estrogen receptor alpha. Missense mutations of HSD10 may cause neurodegeneration related to HSD10 deficiency, whereas a silent mutation of HSD10 results in mental retardation, choreoathetosis and abnormal behavior (MRXS10). The clinical condition of some HSD10 patients mimics mitochondrial disorders. Since normal HSD10 function is essential for brain cognitive activity, elevated levels of HSD10 found in brains of Alzheimer disease (AD) patients and mouse AD model might counterbalance the inhibition of HSD10 by amyloid-β peptide. The investigation of HSD10 may lead to a better understanding of AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Yu Yang
- Department of Neurochemistry, NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA.
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Mental retardation linked to mutations in the HSD17B10 gene interfering with neurosteroid and isoleucine metabolism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:14820-4. [PMID: 19706438 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0902377106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the HSD17B10 gene were identified in two previously described mentally retarded males. A point mutation c.776G>C was found from a survivor (SV), whereas a potent mutation, c.419C>T, was identified in another deceased case (SF) with undetectable hydroxysteroid (17beta) dehydrogenase 10 (HSD10) activity. Protein levels of mutant HSD10(R130C) in patient SF and HSD10(E249Q) in patient SV were about half that of HSD10 in normal controls. The E249Q mutation appears to affect HSD10 subunit interactions, resulting in an allosteric regulatory enzyme. For catalyzing the oxidation of allopregnanolone by NAD+ the Hill coefficient of the mutant enzyme is approximately 1.3. HSD10(E249Q) was unable to catalyze the dehydrogenation of 2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA and the oxidation of allopregnanolone, a positive modulator of the gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor, at low substrate concentrations. Neurosteroid homeostasis is critical for normal cognitive development, and there is increasing evidence that a blockade of isoleucine catabolism alone does not commonly cause developmental disabilities. The results support the theory that an imbalance in neurosteroid metabolism could be a major cause of the neurological handicap associated with hydroxysteroid (17beta) dehydrogenase 10 deficiency.
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