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Hasenei A, Kerstetter DW, Horodysky AZ, Brill RW. Physiological limits to inshore invasion of Indo-Pacific lionfish (Pterois spp.): insights from the functional characteristics of their visual system and hypoxia tolerance. Biol Invasions 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-020-02241-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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2
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Norin T, Canada P, Bailey JA, Gamperl AK. Thermal biology and swimming performance of Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua) and haddock ( Melanogrammus aeglefinus). PeerJ 2019; 7:e7784. [PMID: 31592351 PMCID: PMC6777481 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) are two commercially important marine fishes impacted by both overfishing and climate change. Increasing ocean temperatures are affecting the physiology of these species and causing changes in distribution, growth, and maturity. While the physiology of cod has been well investigated, that of haddock has received very little attention. Here, we measured the metabolic response to increasing temperatures, as well as the critical thermal maximum (CTmax), of cod acclimated to 8 and 12 °C and haddock acclimated to 12 °C. We also compared the swimming performance (critical swimming speed, Ucrit) of cod and haddock at 12 °C, as well as the Ucrit of 12 °C-acclimated cod acutely exposed to a higher-than-optimal temperature (16 °C). The CTmax for cod was 21.4 and 23.0 °C for 8- and 12 °C-acclimated fish, respectively, whereas that for the 12 °C-acclimated haddock was 23.9 °C. These values were all significantly different and show that haddock are more tolerant of high temperatures. The aerobic maximum metabolic rate (MMR) of swimming cod remained high at 16 °C, suggesting that maximum oxygen transport capacity was not limited at a temperature above optimal in this species. However, signs of impaired swimming (struggling) were becoming evident at 16 °C. Haddock were found to reach a higher Ucrit than cod at 12 °C (3.02 vs. 2.62 body lengths s−1, respectively), and at a lower MMR. Taken together, these results suggest that haddock perform better than cod in warmer conditions, and that haddock are the superior swimmer amongst the two species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommy Norin
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada.,DTU Aqua: National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Paula Canada
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada.,Oceanic Observatory of Madeira, Agência Regional para o Desenvolvimento da Investigação Tecnologia e Inovação, Funchal, Portugal.,CIIMAR-Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Jason A Bailey
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada.,Vattenbrukscentrum Ost, East Region Aquaculture Centre, Vreta Kloster, Sweden
| | - A Kurt Gamperl
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
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Song J, Brill RW, McDowell JR. Plasticity in Standard and Maximum Aerobic Metabolic Rates in Two Populations of an Estuarine Dependent Teleost, Spotted Seatrout ( Cynoscion nebulosus). BIOLOGY 2019; 8:biology8020046. [PMID: 31197073 PMCID: PMC6627818 DOI: 10.3390/biology8020046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We studied the effects of metabolic cold adaptation (MCA) in two populations of a eurythermal species, spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus) along the U.S. East Coast. Fish were captured from their natural environment and acclimated at control temperatures 15 °C or 20 °C. Their oxygen consumption rates, a proxy for metabolic rates, were measured using intermittent flow respirometry during acute temperature decrease or increase (2.5 °C per hour). Mass-specific standard metabolic rates (SMR) were higher in fish from the northern population across an ecologically relevant temperature gradient (5 °C to 30 °C). SMR were up to 37% higher in the northern population at 25 °C and maximum metabolic rates (MMR) were up to 20% higher at 20 °C. We found evidence of active metabolic compensation in the southern population from 5 °C to 15 °C (Q10 < 2), but not in the northern population. Taken together, our results indicate differences in metabolic plasticity between the northern and southern populations of spotted seatrout and provide a mechanistic basis for predicting population-specific responses to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Song
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William & Mary, P.O. Box 1346, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, USA.
| | - Richard W Brill
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William & Mary, P.O. Box 1346, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, USA.
| | - Jan R McDowell
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William & Mary, P.O. Box 1346, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, USA.
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Paschke K, Agüero J, Gebauer P, Díaz F, Mascaró M, López-Ripoll E, Re D, Caamal-Monsreal C, Tremblay N, Pörtner HO, Rosas C. Comparison of Aerobic Scope for Metabolic Activity in Aquatic Ectotherms With Temperature Related Metabolic Stimulation: A Novel Approach for Aerobic Power Budget. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1438. [PMID: 30405425 PMCID: PMC6204536 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Considering that swim-flume or chasing methods fail in the estimation of maximum metabolic rate and in the estimation of Aerobic Scope (AS) of sedentary or sluggish aquatic ectotherms, we propose a novel conceptual approach in which high metabolic rates can be obtained through stimulation of organism metabolic activity using high and low non-lethal temperatures that induce high (HMR) and low metabolic rates (LMR), This method was defined as TIMR: Temperature Induced Metabolic Rate, designed to obtain an aerobic power budget based on temperature-induced metabolic scope which may mirror thermal metabolic scope (TMS = HMR—LMR). Prior to use, the researcher should know the critical thermal maximum (CT max) and minimum (CT min) of animals, and calculate temperature TIMR max (at temperatures −5–10% below CT max) and TIMR min (at temperatures +5–10% above CT min), or choose a high and low non-lethal temperature that provoke a higher and lower metabolic rate than observed in routine conditions. Two sets of experiments were carried out. The first compared swim-flume open respirometry and the TIMR protocol using Centropomus undecimalis (snook), an endurance swimmer, acclimated at different temperatures. Results showed that independent of the method used and of the magnitude of the metabolic response, a similar relationship between maximum metabolic budget and acclimation temperature was observed, demonstrating that the TIMR method allows the identification of TMS. The second evaluated the effect of acclimation temperature in snook, semi-sedentary yellow tail (Ocyurus chrysurus), and sedentary clownfish (Amphiprion ocellaris), using TIMR and the chasing method. Both methods produced similar maximum metabolic rates in snook and yellowtail fish, but strong differences became visible in clownfish. In clownfish, the TIMR method led to a significantly higher TMS than the chasing method indicating that chasing may not fully exploit the aerobic power budget in sedentary species. Thus, the TIMR method provides an alternative way to estimate the difference between high and low metabolic activity under different acclimation conditions that, although not equivalent to AS may allow the standardized estimation of TMS that is relevant for sedentary species where measurement of AS via maximal swimming is inappropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Paschke
- Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidad Austral de Chile, Puerto Montt, Chile.,Centro FONDAP de Investigación en Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - José Agüero
- Posgrado en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | | | - Fernando Díaz
- Laboratorio de Ecofisiología de Organismos Acuáticos, Departamento de Biotecnología Marina, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Ensenada, Mexico
| | - Maite Mascaró
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Sisal, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Resiliencia Costera (LANRESC, CONACYT), Sisal, Mexico
| | - Estefany López-Ripoll
- Posgrado en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Denisse Re
- Laboratorio de Ecofisiología de Organismos Acuáticos, Departamento de Biotecnología Marina, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Ensenada, Mexico
| | - Claudia Caamal-Monsreal
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Sisal, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Resiliencia Costera (LANRESC, CONACYT), Sisal, Mexico
| | - Nelly Tremblay
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Sisal, Mexico.,Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Shelf Seas Systems Ecology, Helgoland, Germany
| | - Hans-Otto Pörtner
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Integrative Ecophysiology, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Carlos Rosas
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Sisal, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Resiliencia Costera (LANRESC, CONACYT), Sisal, Mexico
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Norin T, Clark TD. Measurement and relevance of maximum metabolic rate in fishes. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2016; 88:122-51. [PMID: 26586591 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Maximum (aerobic) metabolic rate (MMR) is defined here as the maximum rate of oxygen consumption (M˙O2max ) that a fish can achieve at a given temperature under any ecologically relevant circumstance. Different techniques exist for eliciting MMR of fishes, of which swim-flume respirometry (critical swimming speed tests and burst-swimming protocols) and exhaustive chases are the most common. Available data suggest that the most suitable method for eliciting MMR varies with species and ecotype, and depends on the propensity of the fish to sustain swimming for extended durations as well as its capacity to simultaneously exercise and digest food. MMR varies substantially (>10 fold) between species with different lifestyles (i.e. interspecific variation), and to a lesser extent (<three-fold) between individuals of the same species (i.e. intraspecific variation). MMR often changes allometrically with body size and is modulated by several environmental factors, including temperature and oxygen availability. Due to the significance of MMR in determining aerobic scope, interest in measuring this trait has spread across disciplines in attempts to predict effects of climate change on fish populations. Here, various techniques used to elicit and measure MMR in different fish species with contrasting lifestyles are outlined and the relevance of MMR to the ecology, fitness and climate change resilience of fishes is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Norin
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Marine Lab Road, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - T D Clark
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB 3, Townsville MC, Qld, 4810, Australia
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Zikos A, Seale AP, Lerner DT, Grau EG, Korsmeyer KE. Effects of salinity on metabolic rate and branchial expression of genes involved in ion transport and metabolism in Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2014; 178:121-31. [PMID: 25193178 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2014.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of two rearing salinities, and acute salinity transfer, on the energetic costs of osmoregulation and the expression of metabolic and osmoregulatory genes in the gill of Mozambique tilapia. Using automated, intermittent-flow respirometry, measured standard metabolic rates (SMRs) of tilapia reared in seawater (SW, 130 mg O₂ kg⁻¹ h⁻¹) were greater than those reared in fresh water (FW, 103 mg O₂ kg⁻¹ h⁻¹), when normalized to a common mass of 0.05 kg and at 25±1°C. Transfer from FW to 75% SW increased SMR within 18h, to levels similar to SW-reared fish, while transfer from SW to FW decreased SMR to levels similar to FW-reared fish. Branchial gene expression of Na⁺-K⁺-2Cl⁻ cotransporter (NKCC), an indicator of SW-type mitochondria-rich (MR) cells, was positively correlated with SMR, while Na⁺-Cl⁻ cotransporter (NCC), an indicator of FW-type MR cells, was negatively correlated. Principal Components Analysis also revealed that branchial expression of cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV (COX-IV), glycogen phosphorylase (GP), and a putative mitochondrial biogenesis regulator in fish, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), were correlated with a higher SMR, plasma osmolality, and environmental salinity, while expression of glycogen synthase (GS), PGC-1β, and nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF-1) had negative correlations. These results suggest that the energetic costs of osmoregulation are higher in SW than in FW, which may be related to the salinity-dependent differences in osmoregulatory mechanisms found in the gills of Mozambique tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aris Zikos
- Department of Natural Sciences, Hawai'i Pacific University, Kāne'ohe, HI 96744, USA
| | - Andre P Seale
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i, Kāne'ohe, HI 96744, USA
| | - Darren T Lerner
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i, Kāne'ohe, HI 96744, USA; University of Hawai'i Sea Grant College Program, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - E Gordon Grau
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i, Kāne'ohe, HI 96744, USA
| | - Keith E Korsmeyer
- Department of Natural Sciences, Hawai'i Pacific University, Kāne'ohe, HI 96744, USA.
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Lapointe D, Vogelbein WK, Fabrizio MC, Gauthier DT, Brill RW. Temperature, hypoxia, and mycobacteriosis: effects on adult striped bass Morone saxatilis metabolic performance. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2014; 108:113-27. [PMID: 24553417 DOI: 10.3354/dao02693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacteriosis, a chronic bacterial disease of fishes, is prevalent in adult striped bass from Chesapeake Bay (USA). Although environmental factors may play a role in disease expression, the interaction between the disease and environmental stress remains unexplored. We therefore examined the individual and interactive effects of elevated temperature, hypoxia, and mycobacteriosis on the metabolism of wild-caught adult striped bass from Chesapeake Bay using respirometry. Because the spleen is the primary target organ of mycobacteriosis in striped bass, we hypothesized that the disease interferes with the ability of fish to increase their hematocrit in the face of increasing oxygen demands. We determined standard metabolic rate (SMR), maximum metabolic rate under normoxia (MMRN), critical oxygen saturation (S(crit)), and MMR under hypoxia (3 mg O(2) l-1: MMR(H)) for healthy and visibly diseased fish (i.e. exhibiting skin lesions indicative of mycobacteriosis). Measurements were taken at a temperature within the preferred thermal range (20°C) and at an elevated temperature (28°C) considered stressful to striped bass. In addition, we calculated aerobic scope (AS(N) = MMR(N) - SMR, AS(H) = MMR(H) - SMR) and factorial scope (FS(N) = MMR(N) SMR-1, FS(H) = MMR(H) SMR-1). SMR increased with increasing temperature, and hypoxia reduced MMR, AS, and FS. Mycobacteriosis alone did not affect either MMR(N) or MMR(H). However, elevated temperature affected the ability of diseased striped bass to tolerate hypoxia (S(crit)). Overall, our data indicate that striped bass performance under hypoxia is impaired, and that elevated water temperatures, hypoxia, and severe mycobacteriosis together reduce aerobic scope more than any of these stressors acting alone. We conclude that the scope for activity of diseased striped bass in warm hypoxic waters is significantly compromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Lapointe
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William & Mary, PO Box 1346, Gloucester Point, Virginia 23062, USA Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA Ecosystem Processes Division, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Atlantic Highlands, New Jersey 07732, USA Present address: Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
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Aboagye DL, Allen PJ. Metabolic and locomotor responses of juvenile paddlefish Polyodon spathula to hypoxia and temperature. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2013; 169:51-9. [PMID: 24368135 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2013.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia is an increasing problem in the natural habitats that the paddlefish (Polyodon spathula) has historically inhabited, and a potential problem in managed culture conditions. However, the effects of hypoxia on paddlefish are not well understood. In order to understand the effects of hypoxia on juvenile paddlefish, acute hypoxia tolerance, aerobic metabolic rates and swimming capabilities were measured under normoxic (PO2 = 140-155 mm Hg) and hypoxic (PO2 = 62-70 mm Hg) conditions at 18 °C and 26 °C. The results showed that paddlefish acclimated to 18 °C and 26 °C had routine metabolic rates of 211 mg/kg/h and 294 mg/kg/h, respectively, with a corresponding Q10 of 1.5. At 18 °C and 26 °C, paddlefish had a critical partial pressure of oxygen (PO2crit) of 74 mm Hg and 89 mm Hg, respectively. Paddlefish had a lethal oxygen threshold of 31.0mm Hg and 37.0mm Hg at 18 °C and 26 °C, respectively. Further, paddlefish exhibited a reduction in swimming capability when exposed to hypoxia with a 24% and 41% decrease in Ucrit at 18 °C and 26 °C, respectively. Therefore, paddlefish are relatively sensitive to hypoxia, and at temperatures from 18 to 26 °C require a dissolved oxygen concentration ≥ 4.7 mg/L to maintain basal aerobic metabolism and >2.0mg/L to survive under acute hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Aboagye
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture, Mississippi State University, P. O. Box 9690, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
| | - Peter J Allen
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture, Mississippi State University, P. O. Box 9690, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
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Capossela KM, Brill RW, Fabrizio MC, Bushnell PG. Metabolic and cardiorespiratory responses of summer flounder Paralichthys dentatus to hypoxia at two temperatures. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2012; 81:1043-58. [PMID: 22880736 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2012.03380.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
To quantify the tolerance of summer flounder Paralichthys dentatus to episodic hypoxia, resting metabolic rate, oxygen extraction, gill ventilation and heart rate were measured during acute progressive hypoxia at the fish's acclimation temperature (22° C) and after an acute temperature increase (to 30° C). Mean ±s.e. critical oxygen levels (i.e. the oxygen levels below which fish could not maintain aerobic metabolism) increased significantly from 27 ± 2% saturation (2·0 ± 0·1 mg O(2) l(-1)) at 22° C to 39 ± 2% saturation (2·4 ± 0·1 mg O(2) l(-1)) at 30° C. Gill ventilation and oxygen extraction changed immediately with the onset of hypoxia at both temperatures. The fractional increase in gill ventilation (from normoxia to the lowest oxygen level tested) was much larger at 22° C (6·4-fold) than at 30° C (2·7-fold). In contrast, the fractional decrease in oxygen extraction (from normoxia to the lowest oxygen levels tested) was similar at 22° C (1·7-fold) and 30° C (1·5-fold), and clearly smaller than the fractional changes in gill ventilation. In contrast to the almost immediate effects of hypoxia on respiration, bradycardia was not observed until 20 and 30% oxygen saturation at 22 and 30° C, respectively. Bradycardia was, therefore, not observed until below critical oxygen levels. The critical oxygen levels at both temperatures were near or immediately below the accepted 2·3 mg O(2) l(-1) hypoxia threshold for survival, but the increase in the critical oxygen level at 30° C suggests a lower tolerance to hypoxia after an acute increase in temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Capossela
- Department of Fisheries Science, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William & Mary, P. O. Box 1346, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, USA.
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