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Vaz DFB, Hilton EJ. Skeletal ontogeny of the Plainfin Midshipman, Porichthys notatus (Percomorphacea: Batrachoidiformes). J Anat 2022; 242:447-494. [PMID: 36524549 PMCID: PMC9919480 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Batrachoidiformes are benthic fishes that utilize the undersides of rocks as spawning nests. Their larvae are attached to the nest and nourished by a large yolk sac. The evolutionary shift from feeding, free-swimming larvae to sedentary larvae that are reliant on their yolk sac for nutrition can lead to changes in skeletal development. Batrachoidiformes also have many morphological specializations, such as five pectoral-fin radials (versus four in other acanthomorphs) that are of uncertain homology, the determination of which may have phylogenetic implications. A larval series of Porichthys notatus was collected and its skeletal ontogeny is described. In P. notatus the ossification of the pharyngeal toothplates occurs relatively later than in percomorphs with free-swimming larvae. The posterior basibranchial copula cartilage (= fourth basibranchial) in Porichthys notatus has a unique development among fishes: it initially develops as a paired element at 6.8-7.1 mm NL before fusing posteriorly and forming single median cartilage at 7.4 mm SL. Cartilages of hypobranchial four are transitory, being observed in two specimens of 6.8 and 7.3 mm NL before fusing with ceratobranchial four. The previously identified dorsalmost pectoral radial is a bone formed by a hypertrophied propterygium that ossifies later in development. The earliest stages of P. notatus have three dorsal spines, but during late larval development, the growth of the third dorsal spine is interrupted. The development of P. notatus is compared and discussed in context to that of other acanthomorph.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego F. B. Vaz
- Museum of Comparative ZoologyHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA,Guam Ecosystems Collaboratorium Biorepository, Guam EPSCoRMarine Laboratory, University of GuamMangilaoGuamUSA
| | - Eric J. Hilton
- Department of Fisheries ScienceVirginia Institute of Marine Science, William & MaryGloucester PointVirginiaUSA
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Keer S, Storch JD, Nguyen S, Prado M, Singh R, Hernandez LP, McMenamin SK. Thyroid hormone shapes craniofacial bones during postembryonic zebrafish development. Evol Dev 2022; 24:61-76. [PMID: 35334153 PMCID: PMC8976723 DOI: 10.1111/ede.12399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Changing the shape of craniofacial bones can profoundly alter ecological function, and understanding how developmental conditions sculpt skeletal phenotypes can provide insight into evolutionary adaptations. Thyroid hormone (TH) stimulates metamorphosis and regulates skeletal morphogenesis across vertebrates. To assess the roles of this hormone in sculpting the craniofacial skeleton of a non-metamorphic vertebrate, we tested zebrafish for developmental periods of TH-induced craniofacial shape change. We analyzed shapes of specific bones that function in prey detection, capture and processing. We quantified these elements from late-larval through adult stages under three developmental TH profiles. Under wild-type conditions, each bone progressively grows allometrically into a mature morphology over the course of postembryonic development. In three of the four bones, TH was required to sculpt an adult shape: hypothyroidism inhibited aspects of shape change, and allowed some components of immature shape to be retained into adulthood. Excess developmental TH stimulated aspects of precocious shape change leading to abnormal morphologies in some bones. Skeletal features with functional importance showed high sensitivities to TH, including the transformator process of the tripus, the mandibular symphysis of the lower jaw, the scutiform lamina of the hyomandibula, and the anterior arm of the pharyngeal jaw. In all, we found that TH is necessary for shaping mature morphology of several essential skeletal elements; this requirement is particularly pronounced during larval development. Altered TH titer leads to abnormal morphologies with likely functional consequences, highlighting the potential of TH and downstream pathways as targets for evolutionary change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Keer
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Science and Engineering Hall, 800 22nd Street NW, Suite 6000, Washington, DC 20052 USA
| | - Joshua D. Storch
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Science and Engineering Hall, 800 22nd Street NW, Suite 6000, Washington, DC 20052 USA
| | - Stacy Nguyen
- Biology Department, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Ave, Higgins Hall Room 360, Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
| | - Mia Prado
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Science and Engineering Hall, 800 22nd Street NW, Suite 6000, Washington, DC 20052 USA
| | - Rajendra Singh
- Biology Department, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Ave, Higgins Hall Room 360, Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
| | - L. Patricia Hernandez
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Science and Engineering Hall, 800 22nd Street NW, Suite 6000, Washington, DC 20052 USA
| | - Sarah K. McMenamin
- Biology Department, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Ave, Higgins Hall Room 360, Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
- corresponding author: Sarah K. McMenamin:
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Shkil FN, Borisov V, Seleznev D, Kapitanova D, Abdissa B, Dzerzhinskii K, Smirnov S. Intra- and interspecific variability of the cranial ossification sequences in Barbus sensu lato. Evol Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11692-022-09563-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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OUP accepted manuscript. Zool J Linn Soc 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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A comparison of the ecological effects of two invasive poeciliids and two native fishes: a mesocosm approach. Biol Invasions 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-020-02455-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Kubicek KM, Álvarez-González CA, Martínez-García R, Contreras-Sánchez WM, Pohlenz C, Conway KW. Larval development of the Mexican Snook, Centropomus poeyi (Teleostei: Centropomidae). NEOTROPICAL ICHTHYOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20170014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT We document for the first time the early ontogeny of Centropomus poeyi based on captive raised material representing 0-19 days posthatch (dph). The achievement of early developmental landmarks (i.e., yolk-sac depletion, flexion, development of fins) and changes in pigmentation are described (1.4 mm NL-10.6 mm SL; 0-19 dph) and documented for a subset of individuals using high quality photographs. The ontogeny of the viscerocranium is also described (2.4 mm NL-10.6 mm SL; 6-19 dph). Development in C. poeyi occurs over a short period with attainment of the juvenile stage (i.e., full complement of fin rays present in each fin) occurring by 6.9 mm SL. The ontogeny of external pigmentation in C. poeyi is marked by two trends throughout growth: (1) a decrease in pigmentation dorsally; and (2) an increase in pigmentation ventrally along the midline. Development of the viscerocranium begins with the appearance of the maxilla and dentary in individuals of 2.4 mm NL, coinciding with the depletion of the yolk-sac. By 10.6 mm SL all bones of the viscerocranium are present and teeth are present on all teeth-bearing bones of the adult. Aspects of early development in C. poeyi are compared with the congeners C. undecimalis and C. parallelus.
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Conway KW, Kubicek KM, Britz R. Morphological novelty and modest developmental truncation in Barboides, Africa's smallest vertebrates (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). J Morphol 2017; 278:750-767. [PMID: 28370364 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Miniaturization, the evolution of extremely small adult body size, is widespread amongst animals and commonly associated with novel ecological, physiological, and morphological attributes. The phenotypes of miniaturized taxa are noteworthy because they combine reductions and structural simplifications with novel traits not developed in their larger relatives. Previous research on miniature cyprinid fishes (focused predominantly on South and South East Asian taxa of a single subfamily) has identified two distinct classes of miniature taxa: proportioned dwarves and developmentally truncated miniatures. Miniaturization has also occurred independently in the subfamily Cyprininae, particularly in African lineages. We investigate the skeletal anatomy of Barboides, a genus of miniature African cyprinids that includes Africa's smallest known species of vertebrates, to assess whether miniaturization has resulted in similar organismal outcomes in different lineages of the Cyprinidae. The skeleton of Barboides is characterized by the complete absence of a number of dermal and endochondral ossifications, and marked reduction in size and/or complexity of other skeletal elements, particularly those of the dermatocranium. Absent skeletal elements in Barboides include those which develop relatively late in the ossification sequence of the non-miniature African relative 'Barbus' holotaenia suggesting that their absence in Barboides can be explained by a simple scenario of developmental truncation. In contrast to this theme of loss and reduction, the os suspensorium of Barboides is enlarged and the outer arm distally trifid and associated with a novel bulbous muscle in males. An evaluation of the skeleton of Barboides provides further evidence for a link between developmental truncation and evolutionary morphological novelty in Cyprinidae. In the spectrum of miniature cyprinids ranging from proportioned dwarves with few bones missing to highly progenetic taxa with dozens of missing bones, the two species of Barboides range roughly in the middle showing that the extremes are connected by intermediate levels of truncatedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin W Conway
- Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences and Biodiversity Research and Teaching Collections, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Kole M Kubicek
- Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences and Biodiversity Research and Teaching Collections, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Ralf Britz
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, United Kingdom
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Kubicek KM, Conway KW. Developmental osteology ofSciaenops ocellatusandCynoscion nebulosus(Teleostei: Sciaenidae), economically important sciaenids from the western Atlantic. ACTA ZOOL-STOCKHOLM 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/azo.12122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kole M. Kubicek
- Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences and Biodiversity Research and Teaching Collections; Texas A&M University; College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - Kevin W. Conway
- Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences and Biodiversity Research and Teaching Collections; Texas A&M University; College Station TX 77843 USA
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Carvalho M, Vari RP. Development of the splanchnocranium in Prochilodus argenteus (Teleostei: Characiformes) with a discussion of the basal developmental patterns in the Otophysi. ZOOLOGY 2015; 118:34-50. [PMID: 25595854 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Development of the mandibular, hyoid and gill arches, which constitute the splanchnocranium, are described for Prochilodus argenteus, order Characiformes, one of the basal lineages of the Otophysi. Development was examined from just hatched larvae through juveniles using whole specimens cleared and counterstained for cartilage and bone as well as histological preparations. Observations are compared with the developmental trends reported for Cypriniformes, the basalmost clade of the Otophysi. Shortened developmental sequences for Prochilodus compared to the cypriniform Catostomus were discovered in the ontogeny of the ceratohyals, ceratobranchials 1-5, epibranchials 1-4 and the symplectic portion of the hyosymplectic. Prochilodus also differs from Catostomus in having the basihyal plus the anterior copula appearing at different stages of ontogeny rather than simultaneously. Contrary to previous assumptions, developmental information indicates that hypobranchial 4 as well as likely basibranchial 5 are present in Prochilodus. Various developmental patterns in Prochilodus considered basal for the Otophysi, the predominant component of the Ostariophysi, are likely conserved from patterns prevalent in basal groups in the Actinopterygii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murilo Carvalho
- Laboratório de Ictiologia de Ribeirão Preto (LIRP), Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de São Paulo, PPG Biologia Comparada, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Richard P Vari
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, MRC 159, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA
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Carvalho M, Bockmann FA, de Carvalho MR. Homology of the fifth epibranchial and accessory elements of the ceratobranchials among gnathostomes: insights from the development of ostariophysans. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62389. [PMID: 23638061 PMCID: PMC3630151 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epibranchials are among the main dorsal elements of the gill basket in jawed vertebrates (Gnathostomata). Among extant fishes, chondrichthyans most resemble the putative ancestral condition as all branchial arches possess every serially homologous piece. In osteichthyans, a primitive rod-like epibranchial 5, articulated to ceratobranchial 5, is absent. Instead, epibranchial 5 of many actinopterygians is here identified as an accessory element attached to ceratobranchial 4. Differences in shape and attachment of epibranchial 5 in chondrichthyans and actinopterygians raised suspicions about their homology, prompting us to conduct a detailed study of the morphology and development of the branchial basket of three ostariophysans (Prochilodus argenteus, Characiformes; Lophiosilurus alexandri and Pseudoplatystoma corruscans, Siluriformes). Results were interpreted within a phylogenetic context of major gnathostome lineages. Developmental series strongly suggest that the so-called epibranchial 5 of actinopterygians does not belong to the epal series because it shares the same chondroblastic layer with ceratobranchial 4 and its ontogenetic emergence is considerably late. This neomorphic structure is called accessory element of ceratobranchial 4. Its distribution among gnathostomes indicates it is a teleost synapomorphy, occurring homoplastically in Polypteriformes, whereas the loss of the true epibranchial 5 is an osteichthyan synapomorphy. The origin of the accessory element of ceratobranchial 4 appears to have occurred twice in osteichthyans, but it may have a single origin; in this case, the accessory element of ceratobranchial 4 would represent a remnant of a series of elements distally attached to ceratobranchials 1-4, a condition totally or partially retained in basal actinopterygians. Situations wherein a structure is lost while a similar neomorphic element is present may lead to erroneous homology assessments; these can be avoided by detailed morphological and ontogenetic investigations interpreted in the light of well-supported phylogenetic hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murilo Carvalho
- Laboratório de Ictiologia de Ribeirão Preto (LIRP), Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, PPG Biologia Comparada, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ictiologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Flávio Alicino Bockmann
- Laboratório de Ictiologia de Ribeirão Preto (LIRP), Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, PPG Biologia Comparada, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Rodrigues de Carvalho
- Laboratório de Ictiologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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