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Nishiike Y, Okubo K. The decision of male medaka to mate or fight depends on two complementary androgen signaling pathways. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2316459121. [PMID: 38781215 PMCID: PMC11145247 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2316459121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Adult male animals typically court and attempt to mate with females, while attacking other males. Emerging evidence from mice indicates that neurons expressing the estrogen receptor ESR1 in behaviorally relevant brain regions play a central role in mediating these mutually exclusive behavioral responses to conspecifics. However, the findings in mice are unlikely to apply to vertebrates in general because, in many species other than rodents and some birds, androgens-rather than estrogens-have been implicated in male behaviors. Here, we report that male medaka (Oryzias latipes) lacking one of the two androgen receptor subtypes (Ara) are less aggressive toward other males and instead actively court them, while those lacking the other subtype (Arb) are less motivated to mate with females and conversely attack them. These findings indicate that, in male medaka, the Ara- and Arb-mediated androgen signaling pathways facilitate appropriate behavioral responses, while simultaneously suppressing inappropriate responses, to males and females, respectively. Notably, males lacking either receptor retain the ability to discriminate the sex of conspecifics, suggesting a defect in the subsequent decision-making process to mate or fight. We further show that Ara and Arb are expressed in intermingled but largely distinct populations of neurons, and stimulate the expression of different behaviorally relevant genes including galanin and vasotocin, respectively. Collectively, our results demonstrate that male teleosts make adaptive decisions to mate or fight as a result of the activation of one of two complementary androgen signaling pathways, depending on the sex of the conspecific that they encounter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Nishiike
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo113-8657, Japan
| | - Kataaki Okubo
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo113-8657, Japan
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2
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Kawabata-Sakata Y, Kanda S, Okubo K. Male-specific vasotocin expression in the medaka tuberal hypothalamus: Androgen dependence and probable role in aggression. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 580:112101. [PMID: 37923055 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.112101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Terrestrial vertebrates have a population of androgen-dependent vasotocin (VT)-expressing neurons in the extended amygdala that are more abundant in males and mediate male-typical social behaviors, including aggression. Teleosts lack these neurons but instead have novel male-specific VT-expressing neurons in the tuberal hypothalamus. Here we found in medaka that vt expression in these neurons is dependent on post-pubertal gonadal androgens and that androgens can act on these neurons to directly stimulate vt transcription via the androgen receptor subtype Ara. Furthermore, administration of exogenous VT induced aggression in females and alterations in the androgen milieu led to correlated changes in the levels of tuberal hypothalamic vt expression and aggression in both sexes. However, genetic ablation of vt failed to prevent androgen-induced aggression in females. Collectively, our results demonstrate a marked androgen dependence of male-specific vt expression in the teleost tuberal hypothalamus, although its relevance to male-typical aggression needs to be further validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukika Kawabata-Sakata
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan; Department of Pathophysiology, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan
| | - Shinji Kanda
- Laboratory of Physiology, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8564, Japan
| | - Kataaki Okubo
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
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3
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Tanaami H, Yamamoto S, Hayashi S, Kawamoto S, Makino H, Kagawa N. Vasotocin expression is associated with social preference development of the medaka fish. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2023; 343:114355. [PMID: 37562701 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2023.114355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
The neurohypophysial peptide arginine vasotocin (VT) and its mammalian ortholog, arginine vasopressin, function in physiological and behavioral events. These functions have been identified in neuroendocrinological studies using adult animals; however, there is little information on whether VT is associated with social behavior development in fish. Here, we examined social preference in medaka fish of various ages and investigated how VT expression changes during development. The 1-, 2-, 4-, and 8-week post-hatching (wph) larvae, juveniles, and 5-month-old adults were individually introduced to the grouped fish of each age group, and the social preference index (SPI) was compared among ages based on the time spent in the interaction zone near the grouped fish in a test tank. The SPI was significantly higher in the 4-wph larvae, 8-wph juveniles, and adult fish than in the 1- and 2-wph larvae. VT expression increased with age from 1 to 4 wph. Similarly, the expression was high in 4-wph, 8-wph, and adult fish. Furthermore, it was also found that the SPI and the VT expression decreased in the socially isolated larva during the 4 weeks after hatching compared to the levels in the grouped 4-wph larvae. These findings suggest that social preference develops with age and that conspecifics are necessary for social development in medaka larvae. Furthermore, our results suggest that VT is associated with the development of social preferences in medaka.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanae Tanaami
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka 5778502, Japan
| | - Saki Yamamoto
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka 5778502, Japan
| | - Suzuna Hayashi
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka 5778502, Japan
| | - Sumika Kawamoto
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka 5778502, Japan
| | - Hiroki Makino
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka 5778502, Japan
| | - Nao Kagawa
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka 5778502, Japan.
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4
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Hosoya O, Chung M, Ansai S, Takeuchi H, Miyaji M. A modified Tet-ON system minimizing leaky expression for cell-type specific gene induction in medaka fish. Dev Growth Differ 2021; 63:397-405. [PMID: 34375435 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The Tet-ON system is an important molecular tool for temporally and spatially-controlled inducible gene expression. Here, we developed a Tet-ON system to induce transgene expression specifically in the rod photoreceptors of medaka fish. Our modified reverse tetracycline-controlled transcriptional transactivator (rtTAm) with 5 amino acid substitutions dramatically improved the leakiness of the transgene in medaka fish. We generated a transgenic line carrying a self-reporting vector with the rtTAm gene driven by the Xenopus rhodopsin promoter and a tetracycline response element (TRE) followed by the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene. We demonstrated that GFP fluorescence was restricted to the rod photoreceptors in the presence of doxycycline in larval fish (9 days post-fertilization). The GFP fluorescence intensity was enhanced with longer durations of doxycycline treatment up to 72 h and in a dose-dependent manner (5-45 μg/ml). These findings demonstrate that the Tet-ON system using rtTAm allows for spatiotemporal control of transgene expression, at least in the rod photoreceptors, in medaka fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Hosoya
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Myung Chung
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ansai
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hideaki Takeuchi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.,Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mary Miyaji
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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5
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Otsuka A, Nomura C, Miura K, Honda A, Kagawa N. Immediate Early Gene Expression in Brain Regions Associated with the Social Behavioral Network After Male Competition in Medaka Fish. Zoolog Sci 2020; 37:391-398. [PMID: 32972079 DOI: 10.2108/zs200045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we used the immediate early gene, egr-1, as a marker for neural activation and examined whether egr-1 expression is affected in brain regions associated with the social behavioral network (SBN) when social rank is determined and changed in male medaka fish (Oryzias latipes). Based on the behavioral contest protocol used in this study, we obtained four types of males: social ascending, social descending, dominant, and subordinate. In some brain regions associated with the SBN, we detected higher egr-1 expression in ascending and descending males than in dominant and subordinate males. Social-rank stable males (i.e., dominant and subordinate male fish) showed a similar level of egr-1 expression as the control male fish, which were housed without social stimulus of encountering another conspecific. These findings suggested that the transitioning of social rank could enhance neural activity in some brain regions associated with the SBN in male medaka. The use of medaka fish has many advantages in various fields of research such as genetics, developmental biology, environmental biology, and behavioral neurology. The findings of this study would contribute to future research exploring the roles of the SBN regions in regulating physiological and behavioral events associated with social-rank transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airi Otsuka
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Kindai University, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Chihomi Nomura
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Kindai University, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Kensuke Miura
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Kindai University, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Akira Honda
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Kindai University, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Nao Kagawa
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Kindai University, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan,
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6
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Butler JM, Anselmo CM, Maruska KP. Female reproductive state is associated with changes in distinct arginine vasotocin cell types in the preoptic area of Astatotilapia burtoni. J Comp Neurol 2020; 529:987-1003. [PMID: 32706120 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nonapeptides play a crucial role in mediating reproduction, aggression, and parental care across taxa. In fishes, arginine vasotocin (AVT) expression is related to social and/or reproductive status in most male fishes studied to date, and is linked to territorial defense, paternal care, and courtship. Despite a plethora of studies examining AVT in male fishes, relatively little is known about how AVT expression varies with female reproductive state or its role in female social behaviors. We used multiple methods for examining the AVT system in female African cichlid fish Astatotilapia burtoni, including immunohistochemistry for AVT, in situ hybridization for avt-mRNA, and quantitative PCR. Ovulated and mouthbrooding females had similar numbers of parvocellular, magnocellular, and gigantocellular AVT cells in the preoptic area. However, ovulated females had larger magnocellular and gigantocellular cells compared to mouthbrooding females, and gigantocellular AVT cell size correlated with the number of days brooding, such that late-stage brooding females had larger AVT cells than mid-stage brooding females. In addition, we found that ventral hypothalamic cells were more prominent in females compared to males, and were larger in mouthbrooding compared to ovulated females, suggesting a role in maternal care. Together, these data indicate that AVT neurons change across the reproductive cycle in female fishes, similar to that seen in males. These data on females complement studies in male A. burtoni, providing a comprehensive picture of the regulation and potential function of different AVT cell types in reproduction and social behaviors in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie M Butler
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Chase M Anselmo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Karen P Maruska
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
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7
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Yamashita J, Takeuchi A, Hosono K, Fleming T, Nagahama Y, Okubo K. Male-predominant galanin mediates androgen-dependent aggressive chases in medaka. eLife 2020; 9:59470. [PMID: 32783809 PMCID: PMC7423395 DOI: 10.7554/elife.59470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies in mice demonstrate that a subset of neurons in the medial preoptic area (MPOA) that express galanin play crucial roles in regulating parental behavior in both sexes. However, little information is available on the function of galanin in social behaviors in other species. Here, we report that, in medaka, a subset of MPOA galanin neurons occurred nearly exclusively in males, resulting from testicular androgen stimulation. Galanin-deficient medaka showed a greatly reduced incidence of male-male aggressive chases. Furthermore, while treatment of female medaka with androgen induced male-typical aggressive acts, galanin deficiency in these females attenuated the effect of androgen on chases. Given their male-biased and androgen-dependent nature, the subset of MPOA galanin neurons most likely mediate androgen-dependent male-male chases. Histological studies further suggested that variability in the projection targets of the MPOA galanin neurons may account for the species-dependent functional differences in these evolutionarily conserved neural substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpei Yamashita
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akio Takeuchi
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Hosono
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Thomas Fleming
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Nagahama
- Division of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Kataaki Okubo
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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8
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Otsuka A, Shimomura K, Niwa H, Kagawa N. The presence of a conspecific induces risk-taking behaviour and enlargement of somata size of dopaminergic neurons in the brain of male medaka fish. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2020; 96:1014-1023. [PMID: 32060927 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Boldness and risk-taking behaviours in animals are important traits to obtain advantages such as habitation, food resources, reproductive success and social dominance. Risk-taking behaviour is influenced by physiological and environmental conditions; however, whether individual fish become bolder by the presence of conspecifics remains unknown. In this study, a light-dark preference test was conducted using medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) with or without a neighbouring conspecific. It was found that individual medaka male fish preferred a light environment and avoided a dark environment, whereas the display of a neighbouring conspecific enhanced the time the male spent in the dark environment (i.e., this condition encouraged risk-taking). The blood glucose level increased in fish confined to the dark condition but did not increase in light-preferring fish and risk-taking fish. Large somata expressing tyrosine hydroxylase, which is the rate-limiting enzyme in dopamine synthesis, were detected in the telencephalic and diencephalic brain regions in risk-taking medaka, whereas large somata were detected in the diencephalic region in medaka confined to the dark condition. These findings indicated that medaka is a good fish model to explore the central roles of dopaminergic neurons in the telencephalon and the diencephalon, which regulate risk-taking behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airi Otsuka
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Kindai University, Higashiosaka, Japan
| | - Kenta Shimomura
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Kindai University, Higashiosaka, Japan
| | - Haruka Niwa
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Kindai University, Higashiosaka, Japan
| | - Nao Kagawa
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Kindai University, Higashiosaka, Japan
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9
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Katayama Y, Sakamoto T, Takanami K, Takei Y. The Amphibious Mudskipper: A Unique Model Bridging the Gap of Central Actions of Osmoregulatory Hormones Between Terrestrial and Aquatic Vertebrates. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1112. [PMID: 30154735 PMCID: PMC6102947 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Body fluid regulation, or osmoregulation, continues to be a major topic in comparative physiology, and teleost fishes have been the subject of intensive research. Great progress has been made in understanding the osmoregulatory mechanisms including drinking behavior in teleosts and mammals. Mudskipper gobies can bridge the gap from aquatic to terrestrial habitats by their amphibious behavior, but the studies are yet emerging. In this review, we introduce this unique teleost as a model to study osmoregulatory behaviors, particularly amphibious behaviors regulated by the central action of hormones. Regarding drinking behavior of mammals, a thirst sensation is aroused by angiotensin II (Ang II) through direct actions on the forebrain circumventricular structures, which predominantly motivates them to search for water and take it into the mouth for drinking. By contrast, aquatic teleosts can drink water that is constantly present in their mouth only by reflex swallowing, and Ang II induces swallowing by acting on the hindbrain circumventricular organ without inducing thirst. In mudskippers, however, through the loss of buccal water by swallowing, which appears to induce buccal drying on land, Ang II motivates these fishes to move to water for drinking. Thus, mudskippers revealed a unique thirst regulation by sensory detection in the buccal cavity. In addition, the neurohypophysial hormones, isotocin (IT) and vasotocin (VT), promote migration to water via IT receptors in mudskippers. VT is also dipsogenic and the neurons in the forebrain may mediate their thirst. VT regulates social behaviors as well as osmoregulation. The VT-induced migration appears to be a submissive response of subordinate mudskippers to escape from competitive and dehydrating land. Together with implications of VT in aggression, mudskippers may bridge the multiple functions of neurohypophysial hormones. Interestingly, cortisol, an important hormone for seawater adaptation and stress response in teleosts, also stimulates the migration toward water, mediated possibly via the mineralocorticoid receptor. The corticosteroid system that is responsive to external stressors can accelerate emergence of migration to alternative habitats. In this review, we suggest this unique teleost as an important model to deepen insights into the behavioral roles of these hormones in relation to osmoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukitoshi Katayama
- Physiology Section, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sakamoto
- Ushimado Marine Institute, Faculty of Science, Okayama University, Setouchi, Japan
| | - Keiko Takanami
- Ushimado Marine Institute, Faculty of Science, Okayama University, Setouchi, Japan.,Mouse Genomics Resource Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Yoshio Takei
- Physiology Section, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
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10
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Loveland JL, Hu CK. Commentary: Arginine Vasotocin Preprohormone Is Expressed in Surprising Regions of the Teleost Forebrain. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:63. [PMID: 29545774 PMCID: PMC5838006 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine L. Loveland
- Behavioural Genetics and Evolutionary Ecology Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Seewiesen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Jasmine L. Loveland,
| | - Caroline K. Hu
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
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11
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Elkins EA, Walti KA, Newberry KE, Lema SC. Identification of an oxytocinase/vasopressinase-like leucyl-cystinyl aminopeptidase (LNPEP) in teleost fish and evidence for hypothalamic mRNA expression linked to behavioral social status. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2017; 250:58-69. [PMID: 28596078 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The vasotocin/vasopressin and isotocin/mesotocin/oxytocin family of nonapeptides regulate social behaviors and physiological functions associated with reproductive physiology and osmotic balance. While experimental and correlative studies provide evidence for these nonapeptides as modulators of behavior across all classes of vertebrates, mechanisms for nonapeptide inactivation in regulating these functions have been largely overlooked. Leucyl-cystinyl aminopeptidase (LNPEP) - also known as vasopressinase, oxytocinase, placental leucine aminopeptidase (P-LAP), and insulin-regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP) - is a membrane-bound zinc-dependent metalloexopeptidase enzyme that inactivates vasopressin, oxytocin, and select other cyclic polypeptides. In humans, LNPEP plays a key role in the clearance of oxytocin during pregnancy. However, the evolutionary diversity, expression distribution, and functional roles of LNPEP remain unresolved for other vertebrates. Here, we isolated and sequenced a full-length cDNA encoding a LNPEP-like polypeptide of 1033 amino acids from the ovarian tissue of Amargosa pupfish, Cyprinodon nevadensis. This deduced polypeptide exhibited high amino acid identity to human LNPEP both in the protein's active domain that includes the peptide binding site and zinc cofactor binding motif (53.1% identity), and in an intracellular region that distinguishes LNPEP from other aminopeptidases (70.3% identity). Transcripts encoding this LNPEP enzyme (lnpep) were detected at highest relative abundance in the gonads, hypothalamus, forebrain, optic tectum, gill and skeletal muscle of adult pupfish. Further evaluation of lnpep transcript abundance in the brain of sexually-mature pupfish revealed that lnpep mRNAs were elevated in the hypothalamus of socially subordinate females and males, and at lower abundance in the telencephalon of socially dominant males compared to dominant females. These findings provide evidence of an association between behavioral social status and hypothalamic lnpep transcript abundance and suggest that variation in the rate of VT/IT peptide inactivation by LNPEP may be a contributing component in the mechanism whereby nonapeptides regulate social behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma A Elkins
- Biological Sciences Department, Center for Coastal Marine Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA
| | - Kayla A Walti
- Biological Sciences Department, Center for Coastal Marine Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA
| | - Kathryn E Newberry
- Biological Sciences Department, Center for Coastal Marine Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA
| | - Sean C Lema
- Biological Sciences Department, Center for Coastal Marine Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA.
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12
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Kagawa N, Hirose S, Fujimoto K, Nomura C, Fujita Y, Honda A, Komori M. Social rank-dependent expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormones and kisspeptin in the medaka brain. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2017; 249:48-54. [PMID: 28279673 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Social interactions regulate the expression of several neuropeptides that have a central role in the reproductive system of mammals. Nonmammalian vertebrates also have these neuropeptides or paralogs, however, studies on the social regulation of reproductive physiology in nonmammalian species are limited. In this study, we examined whether the expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormones (GnRHs) and kisspeptin (Kiss1) is affected by social hierarchy resulting from the outcomes of male-male competition in medaka fish (Oryzias latipes). Four males were introduced to each other in an experimental tank, and classified as the most aggressive dominant or the most submissive subordinate fish, based on the frequency of their aggressive acts during a short-term competition. Dominant and subordinate males maintained their social rank during a long-term competition. Immediately after short-term competition, gonadotropin-releasing hormone-3 (GnRH3) level in the olfactory bulb was significantly higher in subordinate males than in dominant males. After long-term competition, dominant males had high level of gonadotropin-releasing hormone-1 (GnRH1) in the preoptic area, whereas subordinate males had lower Kiss1 level in the nucleus ventral tuberis. On the other hand, the levels of gonadotropin-releasing hormone-2 (GnRH2) in the nucleus lateralis valvulae and Kiss1 in the nucleus posterioris periventricularis, and plasma 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) concentration did not differ between subordinate and dominant males after the short- and long-term competitions. These results suggest that social hierarchy regulates the expression of GnRH1, GnRH3, and Kiss1 without affecting 11-KT level in male medaka.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nao Kagawa
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Kindai University, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan.
| | - Sayuri Hirose
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Kindai University, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Keiko Fujimoto
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Kindai University, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Chihomi Nomura
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Kindai University, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Yuuma Fujita
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Kindai University, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Akira Honda
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Kindai University, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Mai Komori
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Kindai University, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
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13
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Okuyama T, Yokoi S, Takeuchi H. Molecular basis of social competence in medaka fish. Dev Growth Differ 2017; 59:211-218. [DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teruhiro Okuyama
- RIKEN-MIT Center for Neural Circuit Genetics at the Picower Institute for Learning and Memory; Department of Biology and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Saori Yokoi
- Laboratory of Bioresources; National Institute for Basic Biology; Nishigonaka 38 Myodaiji Okazaki 444-8585 Aichi Japan
| | - Hideaki Takeuchi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology; Okayama University; Tsushimanaka 3-1-1 Kita-ku Okayama-shi Okayama 700-8530 Japan
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14
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Perrone R, Silva A. Vasotocin increases dominance in the weakly electric fish Brachyhypopomus gauderio. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 110:119-126. [PMID: 27940222 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphysparis.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Animals establish social hierarchies through agonistic behavior. The recognition of the own and others social ranks is crucial for animals that live in groups to avoid costly constant conflicts. Weakly electric fish are valuable model systems for the study of agonistic behavior and its neuromodulation, given that they display conspicuous electrocommunication signals that are generated by a very well-known electromotor circuit. Brachyhypopomus gauderio is a gregarious electric fish, presents a polygynous breeding system, morphological and electrophysiological sexual dimorphism during the breeding season, and displays a typical intrasexual reproduction-related aggression. Dominants signal their social status by increasing their electric organ discharge (EOD) rate after an agonistic encounter (electric dominance). Subordinates only occasionally produce transient electric signals (chirps and offs). The hypothalamic neuropeptide arginine-vasotocin (AVT) and its mammalian homologue, arginine- vasopressin (AVP) are key modulators of social behavior across vertebrates. In this study, we focus on the role of AVT on dominance establishment in Brachyhypopomus gauderio by analyzing the effects of pharmacological manipulations of the AVT system in potential dominants. AVT exerts a very specific direct effect restricted only to EOD rate, and is responsible for the electric dominance. Unexpectedly, AVT did not affect the intensity of aggression in either contender. Nor was the time structure affected by AVT administration. We also present two interesting examples of the interplay between contenders by evaluating how AVT modulations, even when directed to one individual, affect the behavior of the dyad as a unit. First, we found that V1a AVT receptor antagonist Manning Compound (MC) induces a reversion in the positive correlation between dominants' and subordinates' attack rates, observed in both control and AVT treated dyads, suggesting that an endogenous AVT tone modulates aggressive interactions. Second, we confirmed that AVT administered to dominants induces an increase in the submissive transient electric signals in subordinates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Perrone
- Unidad Bases Neurales de la Conducta, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Avenida Italia 3318, CP 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Ana Silva
- Unidad Bases Neurales de la Conducta, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Avenida Italia 3318, CP 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay; Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, CP 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay.
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15
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Loveland JL, Fernald RD. Differential activation of vasotocin neurons in contexts that elicit aggression and courtship. Behav Brain Res 2016; 317:188-203. [PMID: 27609648 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite continued study on the neurobiological bases of aggressive and sexual behaviors, it is still not well understood how the brain integrates social information with physiological and neural states to produce context-specific behavioral outcomes. In fishes, manipulation of endogenous levels of arginine vasotocin (AVT) through peripheral and intracerebroventricular pharmacological injections results in significant changes in social behaviors, including aggressive and reproduction-related behaviors. In addition, many features of AVT neurons have been shown to correlate with social status and associated behavioral phenotypes. In this study, we used the immediate early gene egr-1 as a marker for neuronal activity and quantified the number of AVT neurons that were positive for egr-1 mRNA by in situ hybridization in Astatotilapia burtoni males that were exposed to either a social context that would elicit aggression or to one that would elicit courtship. In these social settings, focal males readily displayed context- appropriate bouts of aggression (towards the opponent) or bouts of courting (towards females). We found that males that fought had higher levels of egr-1 expression in the preoptic area compared to courting males. A greater proportion of AVT cells was positive for egr-1 after a fight than after a bout of courting. We mapped mRNA distribution of AVT V1a receptor subtypes v1a1 and v1a2 in the brain and identified overlapping areas of expression in nuclei in the ventral telencephalon, hypothalamus and thalamus as key areas for AVT signaling in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine L Loveland
- Dept. of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Russell D Fernald
- Dept. of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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16
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Ansai S, Hosokawa H, Maegawa S, Kinoshita M. Chronic fluoxetine treatment induces anxiolytic responses and altered social behaviors in medaka, Oryzias latipes. Behav Brain Res 2016; 303:126-36. [PMID: 26821288 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Medaka (Oryzias latipes) is a small freshwater teleost that is an emerging model system for neurobehavioral research and toxicological testing. The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor class of antidepressants such as fluoxetine is one of the widely prescribed drugs, but little is known about the effects of these drugs on medaka behaviors. To assess the behavioral effects of fluoxetine, we chronically administrated fluoxetine to medaka adult fish and analyzed the anxiety-related and social behaviors using five behavioral paradigms (diving, open-field, light-dark transition, mirror-biting, and social interaction) with an automated behavioral testing system. Fish chronically treated with fluoxetine exhibited anxiolytic responses such as an overall increased time spent in the top area in the diving test and an increased time spent in center area in the open-field test. Analysis of socially evoked behavior showed that chronic fluoxetine administration decreased the number of mirror biting times in the mirror-biting test and increased latency to first contact in the social interaction test. Additionally, chronic fluoxetine administration reduced the horizontal locomotor activity in the open-field test but not the vertical activity in the diving test. These investigations are mostly consistent with previous reports in the other teleost species and rodent models. These results indicate that behavioral assessment in medaka adult fish will become useful for screening of effects of pharmaceutical and toxicological compounds in animal behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Ansai
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Hosokawa
- Department of Intelligence Science and Technology, Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Shingo Maegawa
- Department of Intelligence Science and Technology, Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masato Kinoshita
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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17
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Kagawa N, Honda A, Zenno A, Omoto R, Imanaka S, Takehana Y, Naruse K. Arginine vasotocin neuronal development and its projection in the adult brain of the medaka. Neurosci Lett 2015; 613:47-53. [PMID: 26739197 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The neurohypophysial peptide arginine vasotocin (AVT) and its mammalian ortholog arginine vasopressin function in a wide range of physiological and behavioral events. Here, we generated a new line of transgenic medaka (Oryzias latipes), which allowed us to monitor AVT neurons by enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and demonstrate AVT neuronal development in the embryo and the projection of AVT neurons in the adult brain of avt-egfp transgenic medaka. The onset of AVT expression manifested at 2 days postfertilization (dpf) as a pair of signals in the telencephalon of the brain. The telencephalic AVT neurons migrated and converged on the preoptic area (POA) by 4dpf. At the same stage, another onset of AVT expression manifested in the central optic tectum (OT), and they migrated to the ventral part of the hypothalamus (VH) by 6dpf. In the adult brain, the AVT somata with EGFP signals existed in the gigantocellular POA (gPOA), magnocellular POA (mPOA), and parvocellular POA (pPOA) and in the VH. Whereas the major projection of AVT fibers was found from the pPOA and VH to the posterior pituitary, it was also found that AVT neurons in the three POAs send their fibers into wide regions of the brain such as the telencephalon, mesencephalon and diencephalon. This study suggests that the avt-egfp transgenic medaka is a useful model to explore AVT neuronal development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nao Kagawa
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka 577-8502, Japan.
| | - Akira Honda
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka 577-8502, Japan.
| | - Akiko Zenno
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka 577-8502, Japan.
| | - Ryosuke Omoto
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka 577-8502, Japan.
| | - Saya Imanaka
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka 577-8502, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Takehana
- Laboratory of Bioresources, National Institute for Basic Biology, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan.
| | - Kiyoshi Naruse
- Laboratory of Bioresources, National Institute for Basic Biology, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan.
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18
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Sakamoto T, Nishiyama Y, Ikeda A, Takahashi H, Hyodo S, Kagawa N, Sakamoto H. Neurohypophysial Hormones Regulate Amphibious Behaviour in the Mudskipper Goby. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134605. [PMID: 26230718 PMCID: PMC4521927 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurohypophysial hormones, arginine vasotocin and isotocin, regulate both hydromineral balance and social behaviors in fish. In the amphibious mudskipper, Periophthalmus modestus, we previously found arginine-vasotocin-specific regulation of aggressive behavior, including migration of the submissive subordinate into water. This migration also implies the need for adaptation to dehydration. Here, we examined the effects of arginine vasotocin and isotocin administration on the amphibious behavior of individual mudskippers in vivo. The mudskippers remained in the water for an increased period of time after 1-8 h of intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection with 500 pg/g arginine vasotocin or isotocin. The 'frequency of migration' was decreased after ICV injection of arginine vasotocin or isotocin, reflecting a tendency to remain in the water. ICV injections of isotocin receptor antagonist with arginine vasotocin or isotocin inhibited all of these hormonal effects. In animals kept out of water, mRNA expression of brain arginine vasotocin and isotocin precursors increased 3- and 1.5-fold, respectively. Given the relatively wide distribution of arginine vasotocin fibres throughout the mudskipper brain, induction of arginine vasotocin and isotocin under terrestrial conditions may be involved also in the preference for an aquatic habitat as ligands for brain isotocin receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Sakamoto
- Ushimado Marine Institute, Faculty of Science, Okayama University, Ushimado, Setouchi, 701-4303, Japan
| | - Yudai Nishiyama
- Ushimado Marine Institute, Faculty of Science, Okayama University, Ushimado, Setouchi, 701-4303, Japan
| | - Aoi Ikeda
- Ushimado Marine Institute, Faculty of Science, Okayama University, Ushimado, Setouchi, 701-4303, Japan
| | - Hideya Takahashi
- Ushimado Marine Institute, Faculty of Science, Okayama University, Ushimado, Setouchi, 701-4303, Japan
| | - Susumu Hyodo
- Laboratory of Physiology, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8564, Japan
| | - Nao Kagawa
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Kinki University, Higashiosaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Sakamoto
- Ushimado Marine Institute, Faculty of Science, Okayama University, Ushimado, Setouchi, 701-4303, Japan
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19
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Yokoi S, Okuyama T, Kamei Y, Naruse K, Taniguchi Y, Ansai S, Kinoshita M, Young LJ, Takemori N, Kubo T, Takeuchi H. An essential role of the arginine vasotocin system in mate-guarding behaviors in triadic relationships of medaka fish (Oryzias latipes). PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005009. [PMID: 25719383 PMCID: PMC4342251 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To increase individual male fitness, males of various species remain near a (potential) mating partner and repel their rivals (mate-guarding). Mate-guarding is assumed to be mediated by two different types of motivation: sexual motivation toward the opposite sex and competitive motivation toward the same sex. The genetic/molecular mechanisms underlying how mate presence affects male competitive motivation in a triadic relationship has remained largely unknown. Here we showed that male medaka fish prominently exhibit mate-guarding behavior. The presence of a female robustly triggers male-male competition for the female in a triadic relationship (2 males and 1 female). The male-male competition resulted in one male occupying a dominant position near the female while interfering with the other male's approach of the female. Paternity testing revealed that the dominant male had a significantly higher mating success rate than the other male in a triadic relationship. We next generated medaka mutants of arginine-vasotocin (avt) and its receptors (V1a1, V1a2) and revealed that two genes, avt and V1a2, are required for normal mate-guarding behavior. In addition, behavioral analysis of courtship behaviors in a dyadic relationship and aggressive behaviors within a male group revealed that avt mutant males displayed decreased sexual motivation but showed normal aggression. In contrast, heterozygote V1a2 mutant males displayed decreased aggression, but normal mate-guarding and courtship behavior. Thus, impaired mate-guarding in avt and V1a2 homozygote mutants may be due to the loss of sexual motivation toward the opposite sex, and not to the loss of competitive motivation toward rival males. The different behavioral phenotypes between avt, V1a2 heterozygote, and V1a2 homozygote mutants suggest that there are redundant systems to activate V1a2 and that endogenous ligands activating the receptor may differ according to the social context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Yokoi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teruhiro Okuyama
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Bioresources, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kamei
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Okazaki, Japan
- The Spectrography and Bioimaging Facility, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Naruse
- Laboratory of Bioresources, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Okazaki, Japan
- NIBB Center of the Interuniversity Bio-Backup Project, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Taniguchi
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Kyorin University, School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ansai
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masato Kinoshita
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Larry J. Young
- Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Nobuaki Takemori
- Proteo-Science Center, Division of Proteomics Research, Ehime University, Toon City, Ehime, Japan
| | - Takeo Kubo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Takeuchi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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20
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Lema SC, Sanders KE, Walti KA. Arginine vasotocin, isotocin and nonapeptide receptor gene expression link to social status and aggression in sex-dependent patterns. J Neuroendocrinol 2015; 27:142-57. [PMID: 25425529 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nonapeptide hormones of the vasopressin/oxytocin family regulate social behaviours. In mammals and birds, variation in behaviour also is linked to expression patterns of the V1a-type receptor and the oxytocin/mesotocin receptor in the brain. Genome duplications, however, expand the diversity of nonapeptide receptors in actinopterygian fishes, and two distinct V1a-type receptors (v1a1 and v1a2) for vasotocin, as well as at least two V2-type receptors (v2a and v2b), have been identified in these taxa. The present study investigates how aggression connected to social status relates to the abundance patterns of gene transcripts encoding four vasotocin receptors, an isotocin receptor (itr), pro-vasotocin (proVT) and pro-isotocin (proIT) in the brain of the pupfish Cyprinodon nevadensis amargosae. Sexually-mature pupfish were maintained in mixed-sex social groups and assessed for individual variation in aggressive behaviours. Males in these groups behaved more aggressively than females, and larger fish exhibited higher aggression relative to smaller fish of the same sex. Hypothalamic proVT transcript abundance was elevated in dominant males compared to subordinate males, and correlated positively with individual variation in aggression in both social classes. Transcripts encoding vasotocin receptor v1a1 were at higher levels in the telencephalon and hypothalamus of socially subordinate males than dominant males. Dominant males exhibited elevated hypothalamic v1a2 receptor transcript abundance relative to subordinate males and females, and telencephalic v1a2 mRNA abundance in dominant males was also associated positively with individual aggressiveness. Transcripts in the telencephalon encoding itr were elevated in females relative to males, and both telencephalic proIT and hypothalamic itr transcript abundance varied with female social status. Taken together, these data link hypothalamic proVT expression to aggression and implicate forebrain expression of the V1a-type receptor v1a2 as potentially mediating the effects of vasotocin on behaviour in male fish. These findings also illustrate how associations between social status, aggression and gene expression within the VT and IT nonapeptide systems can be contingent on behavioural context.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Lema
- Biological Sciences Department, Center for Coastal Marine Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
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21
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Morimoto Y, Ishii S, Ishibashi JI, Katoh K, Tsujiuchi T, Kagawa N, Fukushima N. Functional lysophosphatidic acid receptors expressed in Oryzias latipes. Gene 2014; 551:189-200. [PMID: 25173740 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.08.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) signaling is known to play biological and pathophysiological roles in many types of animals. Medaka (Oryzias latipes) is an experimental fish that can be easily maintained, propagated, and analyzed, and whose genome has been completely sequenced. However, there is limited information available regarding medaka LPA receptors. Here, using information from the medaka genome database, we examine the genomic structures, expression, and functions of six LPA receptor genes, Lpar1-Lpar6. Our analyses reveal that the genomic structures of Lpar1 and Lpar4 are different from those deduced from the database. Functional analyses using a heterologous expression system demonstrate that all medaka LPA receptors except for LPA5b respond to LPA treatment with cytoskeletal changes. These findings provide useful information on the structure and function of medaka LPA receptor genes, and identify medaka as a useful experimental model for exploration of the biological significance of LPA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Morimoto
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Life Science, Kinki University, Higashiosaka, Japan
| | - Shoichi Ishii
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Life Science, Kinki University, Higashiosaka, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Ishibashi
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Life Science, Kinki University, Higashiosaka, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Katoh
- Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Computational Biology Research Center, The National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Tsujiuchi
- Division of Cancer Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Life Science, Kinki University, Higashiosaka, Japan
| | - Nao Kagawa
- Division of Animal Genetics, Department of Life Science, Kinki University, Higashiosaka, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Fukushima
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Life Science, Kinki University, Higashiosaka, Japan.
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22
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Kagawa N. Comparison of Aggressive Behaviors Between Two Wild Populations of Japanese Medaka,Oryzias latipesandO. sakaizumii. Zoolog Sci 2014; 31:116-21. [DOI: 10.2108/zsj.31.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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23
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Kagawa N, Nishiyama Y, Kato K, Takahashi H, Kobayashi Y, Sakamoto H, Sakamoto T. Potential roles of arginine-vasotocin in the regulation of aggressive behavior in the mudskipper (Periophthalmus modestus). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2013; 194:257-63. [PMID: 24113694 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2013.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The hypothalamic hormones, arginine-vasotocin (VT) and isotocin (IT), play central roles in osmoregulation and in the regulation of social behaviors including aggressive behavior in many vertebrates including fish. Here, we examined whether these hormones are associated with aggressive behavior in the mudskipper (Periophthalmus modestus). The mudskipper is an amphibious fish, which lives in the brackish water of river mouths and displays unique aggressive behavior. Upon introduction to each other in an experimental tank with aquatic and terrestrial areas, a pair of males can be classified as aggressive dominant or submissive subordinate based on the frequency of their aggressive acts, which is significantly higher in dominant male. Additionally, the length of stay in terrestrial area of dominant was longer than that of the subordinate. The latter remained in aquatic area almost throughout the period of behavioral observation. The expression of brain VT mRNA was significantly higher in subordinate than in dominant, whereas neither IT mRNA expression nor plasma cortisol level differed between subordinate and dominant male. On the other hand, an intracerebroventricular injection of VT increased aggressive behaviors in mudskippers. In addition to known roles of VT in mediation of aggressive behavior, these results may shed light on the role of endogenous VT toward water migration in submissive mudskippers. The amphibious fish is a valuable experimental model to observe the relationship between effects of central VT on the osmoregulation and social behavioral regulation in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nao Kagawa
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Kinki University, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan.
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