1
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Hu X, Xia B, Ru W, Zhang Y, Yang J, Zhang H. Research progress on structure and catalytic mechanism of dextranase. EFOOD 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/efd2.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xue‐Qin Hu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei China
| | - Bing‐Bing Xia
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei China
| | - Wei‐Juan Ru
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei China
| | - Yu‐Xin Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei China
| | - Jing‐Wen Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei China
| | - Hong‐Bin Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei China
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2
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Barzkar N, Babich O, Das R, Sukhikh S, Tamadoni Jahromi S, Sohail M. Marine Bacterial Dextranases: Fundamentals and Applications. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175533. [PMID: 36080300 PMCID: PMC9458216 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dextran, a renewable hydrophilic polysaccharide, is nontoxic, highly stable but intrinsically biodegradable. The α-1, 6 glycosidic bonds in dextran are attacked by dextranase (E.C. 3.2.1.11) which is an inducible enzyme. Dextranase finds many applications such as, in sugar industry, in the production of human plasma substitutes, and for the treatment and prevention of dental plaque. Currently, dextranases are obtained from terrestrial fungi which have longer duration for production but not very tolerant to environmental conditions and have safety concerns. Marine bacteria have been proposed as an alternative source of these enzymes and can provide prospects to overcome these issues. Indeed, marine bacterial dextranases are reportedly more effective and suitable for dental caries prevention and treatment. Here, we focused on properties of dextran, properties of dextran—hydrolyzing enzymes, particularly from marine sources and the biochemical features of these enzymes. Lastly the potential use of these marine bacterial dextranase to remove dental plaque has been discussed. The review covers dextranase-producing bacteria isolated from shrimp, fish, algae, sea slit, and sea water, as well as from macro- and micro fungi and other microorganisms. It is common knowledge that dextranase is used in the sugar industry; produced as a result of hydrolysis by dextranase and have prebiotic properties which influence the consistency and texture of food products. In medicine, dextranases are used to make blood substitutes. In addition, dextranase is used to produce low molecular weight dextran and cytotoxic dextran. Furthermore, dextranase is used to enhance antibiotic activity in endocarditis. It has been established that dextranase from marine bacteria is the most preferable for removing plaque, as it has a high enzymatic activity. This study lays the groundwork for the future design and development of different oral care products, based on enzymes derived from marine bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noora Barzkar
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas 74576, Iran
- Correspondence: or
| | - Olga Babich
- Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Rakesh Das
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Stanislav Sukhikh
- Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Saeid Tamadoni Jahromi
- Persian Gulf and Oman Sea Ecology Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bandar Abbas 14578, Iran
| | - Muhammad Sohail
- Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
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3
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Katsumata T, Nguyen-Tra Le M, Kawada-Matsuo M, Taniguchi Y, Ouhara K, Oogai Y, Nakata M, Mizuno N, Nishitani Y, Komatsuzawa H. KATSUMATA et al.Comprehensive characterization of sortase A-dependent surface proteins in Streptococcus mutansComprehensive characterization of sortase A-dependent surface proteins in Streptococcus mutans. Microbiol Immunol 2021; 66:145-156. [PMID: 34888908 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans, a cariogenic pathogen, adheres to the tooth surface and forms a biofilm. Bacterial cell surface proteins are associated with adherence to substrates. Sortase A (SrtA) mediates the localization of proteins with an LPXTG motif-containing proteins to the cell surface by covalent binding to peptidoglycan. In S. mutans UA159, 6 SrtA-dependent proteins, SpaP, WapA, WapE, DexA, FruA, and GbpC, were identified. Although some of these proteins were characterized, a comprehensive analysis of the 6 proteins has not been reported. In this study, we constructed mutants deficient in each of these proteins and the SrtA-deficient mutant. The SrtA-deficient mutant showed drastically decreased binding to salivary components, biofilm formation, bacterial coaggregation activity, hydrophobicity, and cellular matrix binding (collagen type I, fibronectin, and laminin). The SpaP-deficient mutant showed significantly reduced binding to salivary components and partially increased coaggregation with Porphyromonas gingivalis, and decreased hydrophobicity, and collagen binding. The WapA-deficient mutant showed slightly decreased coaggregation with Fusobacterium nucleatum. Although the SrtA-deficient mutant showed drastically altered phenotypes, all SrtA-dependent protein-deficient mutants, except the SpaP-deficient mutant, did not show considerable alterations in binding to salivary components. These results indicate that the 6 proteins may coordinately contribute to these activities. In addition, using genomic data of 125 S. mutans strains, we compared the amino acid sequences of each surface protein and found many variations among strains, which may affect the phenotype of cell surface proteins in S. mutans. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamaki Katsumata
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Mi Nguyen-Tra Le
- Department of Bacteriology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Miki Kawada-Matsuo
- Department of Bacteriology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuri Taniguchi
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Ouhara
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuichi Oogai
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Masanobu Nakata
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Noriyoshi Mizuno
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nishitani
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Komatsuzawa
- Department of Bacteriology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
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4
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Ning Z, Dong D, Tian X, Zu H, Tian X, Lyu M, Wang S. Alkalic dextranase produced by marine bacterium Cellulosimicrobium sp. PX02 and its application. J Basic Microbiol 2021; 61:1002-1015. [PMID: 34528722 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202100310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The enzyme dextranase is widely used in the sugar and food industries, as well as in the medical field. Most land-derived dextranases are produced by fungi and have the disadvantages of long production cycles, low tolerance to environmental conditions, and low safety. The use of marine bacteria to produce dextranases may overcome these problems. In this study, a dextranase-producing bacterium was isolated from the Rizhao seacoast of Shandong, China. The bacterium, denoted as PX02, was identified as Cellulosimicrobium sp. and its growing conditions and the production and properties of its dextranase were investigated. The dextranase had a molecular weight of approximately 40 kDa, maximum activity at 40°C and pH 7.5, with a stability range of up to 45°C and pH 7.0-9.0. High-performance liquid chromatography showed that the dextranase hydrolyzed dextranT20 to isomaltotriose, maltopentaose, and isomaltooligosaccharides. Hydrolysis by dextranase produced excellent antioxidant effects, suggesting its potential use in the health food industry. Investigation of the action of the dextranase on Streptococcus mutans biofilm and scanning electron microscopy showed that it to be effective both for removing and inhibiting the formation of biofilms, suggesting its potential application in the dental industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Ning
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Dongxue Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xiaopeng Tian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Hangtian Zu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xueqing Tian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Mingsheng Lyu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Shujun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
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5
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Pittrof SL, Kaufhold L, Fischer A, Wefers D. Products Released from Structurally Different Dextrans by Bacterial and Fungal Dextranases. Foods 2021; 10:foods10020244. [PMID: 33530339 PMCID: PMC7911647 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dextran hydrolysis by dextranases is applied in the sugar industry and the medical sector, but it also has a high potential for use in structural analysis of dextrans. However, dextranases are produced by several organisms and thus differ in their properties. The aim of this study was to comparatively investigate the product patterns obtained from the incubation of linear as well as O3- and O4-branched dextrans with different dextranases. For this purpose, genes encoding for dextranases from Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and Streptococcus salivarius were cloned and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli. The two recombinant enzymes as well as two commercial dextranases from Chaetomium sp. and Penicillium sp. were subsequently used to hydrolyze structurally different dextrans. The hydrolysis products were investigated in detail by HPAEC-PAD. For dextranases from Chaetomium sp., Penicillium sp., and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, isomaltose was the end product of the hydrolysis from linear dextrans, whereas Penicillium sp. dextranase led to isomaltose and isomaltotetraose. In addition, the latter enzyme also catalyzed a disproportionation reaction when incubated with isomaltotriose. For O3- and O4-branched dextrans, the fungal dextranases yielded significantly different oligosaccharide patterns than the bacterial enzymes. Overall, the product patterns can be adjusted by choosing the correct enzyme as well as a defined enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke L. Pittrof
- Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; (S.L.P.); (L.K.); (A.F.)
| | - Larissa Kaufhold
- Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; (S.L.P.); (L.K.); (A.F.)
| | - Anja Fischer
- Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; (S.L.P.); (L.K.); (A.F.)
| | - Daniel Wefers
- Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; (S.L.P.); (L.K.); (A.F.)
- Food Chemistry–Functional Food, Institute of Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Correspondence:
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6
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Zhao J, Wang L, Wei X, Li K, Liu J. Food-Grade Expression and Characterization of a Dextranase from Chaetomium gracile Suitable for Sugarcane Juice Clarification. Chem Biodivers 2020; 18:e2000797. [PMID: 33245200 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202000797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The microbial production of dextranase using cheap carbon sources is beneficial to solve the economic loss caused by the accumulation of dextran in syrup. A food-grade microbial cell factory was constructed by introducing the dextranase encoding gene DEX from Chaetomium gracile to the chromosome of Bacillus subtilis, and the antibiotic resistance marker gene was subsequently deleted via the Cre/loxP strategy. The dual-promoter system with a sequentially arranged constitutive P43 promoter resulted in an 85 % increase in DEX expression. Under the optimal fermentation conditions of 10 g/L maltose, 15 g/L casein, 1 g/L Na2 HPO4 , 1 g/L FeSO4 and 8 g/L NaCl, DEX activity was increased from 2.625 to 64.34 U/mL. Recombinant DEX was purified 5.98-fold with a recovery ratio of 26.67 % and specific activity of 3935.02 U/mg. Enzyme activity was optimal at 55 °C and pH 5.0 and remained 80.34 % and 71.36 % of the initial activity at 55 °C and pH 4.0 after 60 min, respectively. The enzyme possessed high activity in the presence of Co2+ , while Ag+ showed the strongest inhibition ability. The optimal substrate was 20 g/L dextran T-2000. The findings could facilitate the low-cost, large-scale production of food-grade DEX for use in the sugar industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Zhao
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, P. R. China
| | - Leyi Wang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, P. R. China
| | - Xin Wei
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, P. R. China
| | - Kai Li
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, P. R. China.,Sugar Industry Collaborative Innovation Center, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, P. R. China
| | - Jidong Liu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, P. R. China.,Sugar Industry Collaborative Innovation Center, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, P. R. China
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7
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Liu X, Deng T, Liu X, Lai X, Feng Y, Lyu M, Wang S. Isomalto-Oligosaccharides Produced by Endodextranase Shewanellasp. GZ-7 From Sugarcane Plants. Nat Prod Commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x20953286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligosaccharides have important alimental and medical applications. Dextranase has been used to produce isomalto-oligosaccharides (IMOs). In this study, we isolated dextranase-producing bacteria from sugarcane-cultivated soil. Identification of the isolate based on its phenotypical, physiological, and biochemical characteristics, as well as 16S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid gene sequencing yielded Shewanella sp. strain GZ-7. The molecular weight of the dextranase produced by this strain was 100-135 kDa. The optimum temperature and pH for dextranase production were 40 °C and 7.5, respectively. The enzyme was found to be stable at the pH range of 6.0-8.0 and the temperature range of 20 °C-40 °C. Thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography of the enzymolysis products of the substrate confirmed the enzyme to be endodextranase. Under the optimal conditions, the ratio of IMOs could reach 91.8% of the hydrolyzate. The final products were found to efficiently scavenge the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, hydroxyl, and superoxide anion radicals. In general, dextranase and hydrolyzates have high potential prospects for application in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/ Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, P. R. China
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, P. R. China
| | - Tian Deng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/ Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, P. R. China
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, P. R. China
| | - Xueqin Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/ Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, P. R. China
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohua Lai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/ Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, P. R. China
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, P. R. China
| | - Yanli Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/ Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, P. R. China
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, P. R. China
| | - Mingsheng Lyu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/ Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, P. R. China
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Manufacturing, Anhui University, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Shujun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/ Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, P. R. China
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Manufacturing, Anhui University, Hefei, P. R. China
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8
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Predoi D, Iconaru SL, Predoi MV. Dextran-Coated Zinc-Doped Hydroxyapatite for Biomedical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11050886. [PMID: 31096585 PMCID: PMC6571726 DOI: 10.3390/polym11050886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dextran-coated zinc-doped hydroxyapatite (ZnHApD) was synthesized by an adapted sol-gel method. The stability of ZnHApD nanoparticles in an aqueous solution was analyzed using ultrasonic measurements. The analysis of the evolution in time of the attenuation for each of the frequencies was performed. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) investigations exhibited that no impurity was found. The morphology, size and size distribution of the ZnHApD sample was investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The TEM and SEM results showed that the ZnHApD particles have an ellipsoidal shape and a narrow distribution of sizes. The cell growth and toxicity of HEK-293 cells were investigated on the ZnHApD solution for four different concentrations and analyzed after 24 and 48 h. The ZnHApD solution presented a non-toxic activity against HEK-293 cells for all analyzed concentrations. The antibacterial assay revealed that all the tested microorganisms were inhibited by the ZnHApD dispersion after 24 and 48 h of incubation. It was observed that the effect of the ZnHApD solution on bacteria growth depended on the bacterial strain. The Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277 bacterial strain was the most sensitive, as a growth inhibition in the presence of 0.075 μg/mL ZnHApD in the culture medium was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Predoi
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor Street, No. 405A, P.O. Box MG 07, 077125 Magurele, Romania.
| | - Simona Liliana Iconaru
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor Street, No. 405A, P.O. Box MG 07, 077125 Magurele, Romania.
| | - Mihai Valentin Predoi
- University Politehnica of Bucharest, BN 002, 313 Splaiul Independentei, Sector 6, 060042 Bucharest, Romania.
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Pleszczyńska M, Wiater A, Bachanek T, Szczodrak J. Enzymes in therapy of biofilm-related oral diseases. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2016; 64:337-346. [PMID: 26969579 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Biofilm-related infections of the oral cavity, including dental caries and periodontitis, represent the most prevalent health problems. For years, the treatment thereof was largely based on antibacterial chemical agents. Recently, however, there has been growing interest in the application of more preventive and minimally invasive biotechnological methods. This review focuses on the potential applications of enzymes in the treatment and prevention of oral diseases. Dental plaque is a microbial community that develops on the tooth surface, embedded in a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances of bacterial and host origin. Both cariogenic microorganisms and the key components of oral biofilm matrix may be the targets of the enzymes. Oxidative salivary enzymes inhibit or limit the growth of oral pathogens, thereby supporting the natural host defense system; polysaccharide hydrolases (mutanases and dextranases) degrade important carbohydrate components of the biofilm matrix, whereas proteases disrupt bacterial adhesion to oral surfaces or affect cell-cell interactions. The efficiency of the enzymes in in vitro and in vivo studies, advantages and limitations, as well as future perspectives for improving the enzymatic strategy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adrian Wiater
- Department of Industrial Microbiology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Teresa Bachanek
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Janusz Szczodrak
- Department of Industrial Microbiology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
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10
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Zohra RR, Aman A, Ansari A, Haider MS, Qader SAU. Purification, characterization and end product analysis of dextran degrading endodextranase from Bacillus licheniformis KIBGE-IB25. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 78:243-8. [PMID: 25881960 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Degradation of high molecular weight dextran for obtaining low molecular weight dextran is based on the hydrolysis using chemical and enzymatic methods. Current research study focused on production, purification and characterization of dextranase from a newly isolated strain of Bacillus licheniformis KIBGE-IB25. Dextranase was purified up to 36 folds with specific activity of 1405 U/mg and molecular weight of 158 kDa. It was found that enzyme performs optimum cleavage of dextran (5000 Da, 0.5%) at 35 °C in 15 min at pH 4.5 with a Km and Vmax of 0.374 mg/ml and 182 μmol/min, respectively. Relative amino acid composition analysis of purified enzyme suggested the presence of higher number of hydrophobic, acidic and glycosylation promoting amino acids. The N-terminal sequence of dextranase KIBGE-IB25 was AYTVTLYLQG. It exhibited distinct amino acid sequence yet shared some inherent characteristics with glycosyl hydrolases (GH) family 49 and also testified the presence of O-glycosylation at N-terminal end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashida Rahmat Zohra
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (KIBGE), University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Afsheen Aman
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (KIBGE), University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Asma Ansari
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (KIBGE), University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Samee Haider
- Food & Marine Resource Research Centre, Pakistan Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories Complex, Karachi 75280, Pakistan
| | - Shah Ali Ul Qader
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (KIBGE), University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
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11
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Cho K, Arimoto T, Igarashi T, Yamamoto M. Involvement of lipoprotein PpiA ofStreptococcus gordoniiin evasion of phagocytosis by macrophages. Mol Oral Microbiol 2013; 28:379-91. [DOI: 10.1111/omi.12031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - T. Arimoto
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology; Showa University School of Dentistry; Tokyo; Japan
| | - T. Igarashi
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology; Showa University School of Dentistry; Tokyo; Japan
| | - M. Yamamoto
- Department of Periodontology; Showa University School of Dentistry; Tokyo; Japan
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12
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Kim YM, Yamamoto E, Kang MS, Nakai H, Saburi W, Okuyama M, Mori H, Funane K, Momma M, Fujimoto Z, Kobayashi M, Kim D, Kimura A. Bacteroides thetaiotaomicronVPI-5482 glycoside hydrolase family 66 homolog catalyzes dextranolytic and cyclization reactions. FEBS J 2012; 279:3185-91. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2012.08698.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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13
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Rapid detection and identification of Streptococcus ratti by a species-specific PCR method. Anaerobe 2012; 18:44-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2011.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 09/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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14
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Suzuki N, Kim YM, Fujimoto Z, Momma M, Kang HK, Funane K, Okuyama M, Mori H, Kimura A. Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of dextranase from Streptococcus mutans. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2011; 67:1542-4. [PMID: 22139161 PMCID: PMC3232134 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309111038425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans dextranase hydrolyzes the internal α-1,6-linkages of dextran and belongs to glycoside hydrolase family 66. An N- and C-terminal deletion mutant of S. mutans dextranase was crystallized by the sitting-drop vapour-diffusion method. The crystals diffracted to a resolution of 1.6 Å and belonged to space group P2(1), with unit-cell parameters a = 53.2, b = 89.7, c = 63.3 Å, β = 102.3°. Assuming that the asymmetric unit of the crystal contained one molecule, the Matthews coefficient was calculated to be 4.07 Å(3) Da(-1); assuming the presence of two molecules in the asymmetric unit it was calculated to be 2.03 Å(3) Da(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Suzuki
- Biomolecular Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - Young-Min Kim
- Biomolecular Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9 Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Zui Fujimoto
- Biomolecular Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Momma
- Biomolecular Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - Hee-Kwon Kang
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9 Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Kazumi Funane
- Applied Microbiology Division, National Food Research Institute, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba 305-8642, Japan
| | - Masayuki Okuyama
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9 Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Haruhide Mori
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9 Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Atsuo Kimura
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9 Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
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15
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Surface lipoprotein PpiA of Streptococcus mutans suppresses scavenger receptor MARCO-dependent phagocytosis by macrophages. Infect Immun 2011; 79:4933-40. [PMID: 21986627 DOI: 10.1128/iai.05693-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans is associated with the initiation and progression of human dental caries and is occasionally isolated from the blood of patients with bacteremia and infective endocarditis. For the pathogen to survive in the infected host, surface lipoproteins of S. mutans are likely to play important roles in interactions with the innate immune system. To clarify the role that a putative lipoprotein, peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans-isomerase (PpiA), of S. mutans plays in the macrophage response, we investigated the response of THP-1-derived macrophages to S. mutans challenge. The deletion of the gene encoding Lgt eliminated PpiA on the cell surface of S. mutans, which implies that PpiA is a lipoprotein that is lipid anchored in the cell membrane by Lgt. Human and murine peritoneal macrophages both showed higher phagocytic activities for the ppiA and lgt mutants than the wild type, which indicates that the presence of PpiA reduces S. mutans phagocytosis. In addition, infection with S. mutans markedly induced mRNAs of macrophage receptor with collagenous structure (MARCO) and scavenger receptor A (SR-A) in human macrophages. In particular, transcriptional and translational levels of MARCO in human macrophages infected with the ppiA mutant were higher than those in macrophages infected with the wild type. Phagocytosis of S. mutans by human macrophages markedly decreased after treatment with anti-MARCO IgG. These results demonstrate that the S. mutans lipoprotein PpiA contributes to suppression of MARCO-mediated phagocytosis of this bacterium by macrophages.
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16
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Truncation of N- and C-terminal regions of Streptococcus mutans dextranase enhances catalytic activity. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 91:329-39. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3201-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Revised: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 02/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Funane K, Kawabata Y, Suzuki R, Kim YM, Kang HK, Suzuki N, Fujimoto Z, Kimura A, Kobayashi M. Deletion analysis of regions at the C-terminal part of cycloisomaltooligosaccharide glucanotransferase from Bacillus circulans T-3040. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2010; 1814:428-34. [PMID: 21193067 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2010.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2010] [Revised: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 12/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cycloisomaltooligosaccharide glucanotransferase (CITase) belongs to glycoside hydrolase family 66. According to the sequence alignment of enzymes in the same family, we divided the structure of CITase into five regions from the N terminus to the C terminus: an N-terminal conserved region (Ser1-Gly403), an insertion region (R1; Tyr404-Tyr492), two conserved regions (R2; Glu493-Ser596 and R3; Gly597-Met700), and a C-terminal variable region (R4; Lys701-Ser934). CITase catalyzes the synthesis of cycloisomaltooligosaccharides (CIs) with 7-17 glucose units (CI-7 to CI-17) from dextran. In order to clarify the functions of these C-terminal regions (R1-R4), we constructed 15 deletion mutant enzymes. M123Δ (R4-deleted), MΔ234 (R1-deleted), and MΔ23Δ (R1/R4-deleted) catalyzed CI synthesis, but other mutants were inactive. M123Δ, MΔ234, and MΔ23Δ increased their K(m) values against dextran 40. The wild-type enzyme and M123Δ produced CI-8 predominantly, but MΔ234 and MΔ23Δ lost CI-8 production specificity. The k(cat) values of MΔ234 and MΔ23Δ decreased, and these mutants showed narrowed temperature and pH stability ranges. Our deletion analysis suggests that (i) R2 and R3 are crucial for CITase to generate an active form; (ii) both R1 and R4 contribute to substrate binding; and (iii) R1 also contributes to preference of CI-8 production and enzyme stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumi Funane
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-8642, Japan.
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18
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Lee JH, Nam SH, Park HJ, Kim YM, Kim N, Kim G, Seo ES, Kang SS, Kim D. Biochemical characterization of dextranase from Arthrobacter oxydans and its cloning and expression in Escherichia coli. Food Sci Biotechnol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-010-0106-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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19
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Kim YM, Kim D. Characterization of novel thermostable dextranase from Thermotoga lettingae TMO. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 85:581-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-009-2121-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2009] [Revised: 06/29/2009] [Accepted: 06/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Arimoto T, Igarashi T. Role of prolipoprotein diacylglyceryl transferase (Lgt) and lipoprotein-specific signal peptidase II (LspA) in localization and physiological function of lipoprotein MsmE inStreptococcus mutans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 23:515-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-302x.2008.00455.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Zhang Y, Wang ZY, He XP, Liu N, Zhang BR. New industrial brewing yeast strains with ILV2 disruption and LSD1 expression. Int J Food Microbiol 2008; 123:18-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.11.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2007] [Revised: 11/12/2007] [Accepted: 11/27/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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22
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Expression, purification and characterization of a recombinant Lipomyces starkey dextranase in Pichia pastoris. Protein Expr Purif 2008; 58:87-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2007.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2007] [Revised: 10/25/2007] [Accepted: 10/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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23
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Tamura H, Yamada A, Kato H. Identification and characterization of a dextranase gene of Streptococcus criceti. Microbiol Immunol 2008; 51:721-32. [PMID: 17704634 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2007.tb03961.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The dextranase gene, dex, was identified in Streptococcus criceti strain E49 by degenerate PCR and sequenced completely by the gene-walking method. A sequence of 3,960 nucleotides was determined. The dex gene encodes a 1,200-amino acid protein, which has a calculated molecular mass of 128,129.91 and pI of 4.15 and is predicted to be a cell-surface protein. The deduced amino acid sequence of dex showed homology to S. downei dextranase (63.9% identity). Phylogenetic analysis revealed the similarity of the deduced amino acid sequence of dextranases in S. criceti, S. sobrinus, and S. downei. A recombinant form of the protein with six histidine residues tagged in the C-terminus was partially purified and showed dextranase activity on blue-dextran sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (BD-SDSPAGE) followed by renaturation. We also detected dextranase activity in S. criceti cell extracts and culture supernatant by renatured BD-SDS-PAGE, whereas no dextranase activity of the cells was observed on blue-dextran brain heart infusion (BD-BHI) agar plates. Furthermore, PCR-based mutations of dextranase indicated that a deletion mutant of the C-terminal region could hydrolyze blue dextrans and that the D453E mutation, W793L mutation, and double mutations (W793L and deletion of the C-terminal region) resulted in a loss of dextranase activity. These findings suggest that Asp-453 and Trp-793 residues of S. criceti dextranase are critical to the enzyme's activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruki Tamura
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8505, Japan.
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24
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Yamamoto T, Terasawa K, Kim YM, Kimura A, Kitamura Y, Kobayashi M, Funane K. Identification of catalytic amino acids of cyclodextran glucanotransferase from Bacillus circulans T-3040. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2006; 70:1947-53. [PMID: 16926507 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.60105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In glycoside hydrolase family 66 (see http://afmb.cnrs-mrs.fr/CAZY/), cyclodextran glucanotransferase (CITase) is the only transglycosylation enzyme, all the other family 66 enzymes being dextranases. To analyze the catalytic amino acids of CITase, we modified CITase chemically from the T-3040 strain of Bacillus circulans with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide (EDC). EDC inactivated the enzyme by following pseudo-first order kinetics. In addition, the substrates of an isomaltooligosaccharide and a cyclodextran inhibited EDC-induced enzyme inactivation, implicating the carboxyl groups of CITase as the catalytic amino acids of the enzyme. When two conserved aspartic acid residues, Asp145 and Asp270, were replaced with Asn in T-3040 mature CITase, CIT-D270N was completely inactive, and CIT-D145N had reduced activity. The V(max) of CIT-D145N was 1% of that of wild-type CITase, whereas the K(m) of CIT-D145N was about the same as that of the wild-type enzyme. These findings indicate that Asp145 and Asp270 play an important role in the enzymatic reaction of T-3040 CITase.
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25
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Kang HK, Kim SH, Park JY, Jin XJ, Oh DK, Kang SS, Kim D. Cloning and characterization of a dextranase gene fromLipomyces starkeyi and its expression inSaccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast 2005; 22:1239-48. [PMID: 16278932 DOI: 10.1002/yea.1311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A dextranase-encoding cDNA from L. starkeyi KSM22 was isolated and characterized. The 2052 bp cDNA fragment (lsd1) harbouring the dextranase gene exhibited one open reading frame (ORF) composed of 1824 bp flanked by a 41 bp 5'-UTR and a 184 bp 3'-UTR, including a 27 bp poly(A) tail. The lsd1 gene contains no introns. The open reading frame encodes a 608 amino acid polypeptide (LSD1) with a 67.6 kDa predicted molecular mass. There was a 77% deduced amino acid sequence identity between the LSD1 dextranase and the dextranase from Penicillium minioluteum. The primary structure of LSD1 dextranase exhibits distant similarity with the enzymes of the glycosyl hydrolase family 49 that comprises Penicillium dextranase. The optimum pH of LSD1 was 6.0 and the optimum temperature was 37 degrees C. LSD1 dextranase activity was substantially abolished by exposure to 1 mM Hg2+, Ag3+ and Mn2+. LSD1 exhibited high hydrolysing activity towards dextran (100%), soluble starch (22%) and mutan (8%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Kyoung Kang
- Laboratory of Functional Carbohydrate Enzymes and Microbial Genomics, Institute of Bioindustrial Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwang-Ju 500-757, South Korea
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Khalikova E, Susi P, Korpela T. Microbial dextran-hydrolyzing enzymes: fundamentals and applications. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2005; 69:306-25. [PMID: 15944458 PMCID: PMC1197420 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.69.2.306-325.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Dextran is a chemically and physically complex polymer, breakdown of which is carried out by a variety of endo- and exodextranases. Enzymes in many groups can be classified as dextranases according to function: such enzymes include dextranhydrolases, glucodextranases, exoisomaltohydrolases, exoisomaltotriohydrases, and branched-dextran exo-1,2-alpha-glucosidases. Cycloisomalto-oligosaccharide glucanotransferase does not formally belong to the dextranases even though its side reaction produces hydrolyzed dextrans. A new classification system for glycosylhydrolases and glycosyltransferases, which is based on amino acid sequence similarities, divides the dextranases into five families. However, this classification is still incomplete since sequence information is missing for many of the enzymes that have been biochemically characterized as dextranases. Dextran-degrading enzymes have been isolated from a wide range of microorganisms. The major characteristics of these enzymes, the methods for analyzing their activities and biological roles, analysis of primary sequence data, and three-dimensional structures of dextranases have been dealt with in this review. Dextranases are promising for future use in various scientific and biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Khalikova
- Joint Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Finland
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27
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Finnegan PM, Brumbley SM, O'Shea MG, Nevalainen H, Bergquist PL. Diverse dextranase genes from Paenibacillus species. Arch Microbiol 2005; 183:140-7. [PMID: 15645216 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-004-0756-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2004] [Revised: 12/02/2004] [Accepted: 12/14/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Genes encoding dextranolytic enzymes were isolated from Paenibacillus strains Dex40-8 and Dex50-2. Single, similar but non-identical dex1 genes were isolated from each strain, and a more divergent dex2 gene was isolated from strain Dex50-2. The protein deduced from the Dex40-8 dex1 gene sequence had 716 amino acids, with a predicted M(r) of 80.8 kDa. The proteins deduced from the Dex50-2 dex1 and dex2 gene sequences had 905 and 596 amino acids, with predicted M(r) of 100.1 kDa and 68.3 kDa, respectively. The deduced amino acid sequences of all three dextranolytic proteins had similarity to family 66 glycosyl hydrolases and were predicted to possess cleavable N-terminal signal peptides. Homology searches suggest that the Dex40-8 and Dex50-2 Dex1 proteins have one and two copies, respectively, of a carbohydrate-binding module similar to CBM_4_9 (pfam02018.11). The Dex50-2 Dex2 deduced amino acid sequence had highest sequence similarity to thermotolerant dextranases from thermophilic Paenibacillus strains, while the Dex40-8 and Dex50-2 Dex1 deduced protein sequences formed a distinct sequence clade among the family 66 proteins. Examination of seven Paenibacillus strains, using a polymerase chain reaction-based assay, indicated that multiple family 66 genes are common within this genus. The three recombinant proteins expressed in Escherichia coli possessed dextranolytic activity and were able to convert ethanol-insoluble blue dextran into an ethanol-soluble product, indicating they are endodextranases (EC 3.2.1.11). The reaction catalysed by each enzyme had a distinct temperature and pH dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Finnegan
- School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
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