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Leiva-Rebollo R, Labella AM, Gémez-Mata J, Castro D, Borrego JJ. Fish Iridoviridae: infection, vaccination and immune response. Vet Res 2024; 55:88. [PMID: 39010235 PMCID: PMC11247874 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-024-01347-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Each year, due to climate change, an increasing number of new pathogens are being discovered and studied, leading to an increase in the number of known diseases affecting various fish species in different regions of the world. Viruses from the family Iridoviridae, which consist of the genera Megalocytivirus, Lymphocystivirus, and Ranavirus, cause epizootic outbreaks in farmed and wild, marine, and freshwater fish species (including ornamental fish). Diseases caused by fish viruses of the family Iridoviridae have a significant economic impact, especially in the aquaculture sector. Consequently, vaccines have been developed in recent decades, and their administration methods have improved. To date, various types of vaccines are available to control and prevent Iridoviridae infections in fish populations. Notably, two vaccines, specifically targeting Red Sea bream iridoviral disease and iridoviruses (formalin-killed vaccine and AQUAVAC® IridoV, respectively), are commercially available. In addition to exploring these themes, this review examines the immune responses in fish following viral infections or vaccination procedures. In general, the evasion mechanisms observed in iridovirus infections are characterised by a systemic absence of inflammatory responses and a reduction in the expression of genes associated with the adaptive immune response. Finally, this review also explores prophylactic procedure trends in fish vaccination strategies, focusing on future advances in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Leiva-Rebollo
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Juan Gémez-Mata
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Dolores Castro
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan J Borrego
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.
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2
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Panchavarnam S, Kollanoor RJ, Mulloorpeedikayil RG, Mohaideenpitchai MM, Palraj MK, Muthumariyapan S. Development of recombinant major capsid protein Vaccine and assessment of its efficacy against SRDV in similar damselfish (Pomacentrus similis). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 141:109035. [PMID: 37659655 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Viral vaccines against emerging viral diseases are crucial for encouraging successful aquaculture production. In this research, an experimental recombinant major capsid protein vaccine of similar damselfish virus was prepared and examined for its efficacy in marine ornamental fish, similar damselfish (Pomacentrus similis). The MCP gene of the SRDV was amplified from the viral DNA by a specific primer set viz bamHI and XhoI- restriction sites and confirmed by agarose gel electrophoresis with a target size of 1416 bp. The gel-purified PCR product was double-digested with the said enzymes and incorporated into the pTriEx1.1 vector, which was subsequently transformed to E. coli DH5α. The plasmids of the two clones pTriEx-MCP-1416-1 and pTriEx-MCP-1416-3 were transformed to E. coli BL21 (DE-3) pLacI. A crude protein compound derived from a colony of E. coli BL21 (DE-3) with expressed MCP inserts was used to evaluate efficacy in similar damselfish by intra-peritoneal injection. After the challenge with SRDV, damselfish vaccinated with recombinant protein showed a lower protection level, while the fish vaccinated with recombinant protein supplemented Quil-A® adjuvant showed an RPS of 26%. According to RPS values recorded from the vaccinated and non-vaccinated damselfish group, the recombinant protein vaccine conferred only marginal protection against the SRDV challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivasankar Panchavarnam
- Department of Fish Pathology and Health Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Thoothukudi, 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Riji John Kollanoor
- Department of Fish Pathology and Health Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Thoothukudi, 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rosalind George Mulloorpeedikayil
- Department of Fish Pathology and Health Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Thoothukudi, 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohamed Mansoor Mohaideenpitchai
- Department of Fish Pathology and Health Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Thoothukudi, 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Magesh Kumar Palraj
- Department of Fish Pathology and Health Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Thoothukudi, 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Selvamagheswaran Muthumariyapan
- Department of Fish Pathology and Health Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Thoothukudi, 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India
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3
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Ahn G, Cha JY, Lee JW, Park G, Shin GI, Song SJ, Ryu G, Hwang I, Kim MG, Kim WY. Production of a Bacteria-like Particle Vaccine Targeting Rock Bream ( Oplegnathus fasciatus) Iridovirus Using Nicotiana benthamiana. JOURNAL OF PLANT BIOLOGY = SINGMUL HAKHOE CHI 2021; 65:21-28. [PMID: 34602836 PMCID: PMC8477727 DOI: 10.1007/s12374-021-09328-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Viral diseases are extremely widespread infections that change constantly through mutations. To produce vaccines against viral diseases, transient expression systems are employed, and Nicotiana benthamiana (tobacco) plants are a rapidly expanding platform. In this study, we developed a recombinant protein vaccine targeting the major capsid protein (MCP) of iridovirus fused with the lysine motif (LysM) and coiled-coil domain of coronin 1 (ccCor1) for surface display using Lactococcus lactis. The protein was abundantly produced in N. benthamiana in its N-glycosylated form. Total soluble proteins isolated from infiltrated N. benthamiana leaves were treated sequentially with increasing ammonium sulfate solution, and recombinant MCP mainly precipitated at 40-60%. Additionally, affinity chromatography using Ni-NTA resin was applied for further purification. Native structure analysis using size exclusion chromatography showed that recombinant MCP existed in a large oligomeric form. A minimum OD600 value of 0.4 trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-treated L. lactis was required for efficient recombinant MCP display. Immunogenicity of recombinant MCP was assessed in a mouse model through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with serum-injected recombinant MCP-displaying L. lactis. In summary, we developed a plant-based recombinant vaccine production system combined with surface display on L. lactis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeongik Ahn
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Institute of Agricultural and Life Science, Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828 Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Yung Cha
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Institute of Agricultural and Life Science, Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Won Lee
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science and Technology, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828 Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeongran Park
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Institute of Agricultural and Life Science, Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828 Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong-Im Shin
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Institute of Agricultural and Life Science, Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828 Republic of Korea
| | - Shi-Jian Song
- Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeongryul Ryu
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828 Republic of Korea
| | - Inhwan Hwang
- Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Min Gab Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828 Republic of Korea
| | - Woe-Yeon Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Institute of Agricultural and Life Science, Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828 Republic of Korea
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science and Technology, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828 Republic of Korea
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4
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Molecular Identification and mRNA Expression Profiles of Galectin-9 Gene in Red Sea Bream ( Pagrus major) Infected with Pathogens. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11010139. [PMID: 33440635 PMCID: PMC7827478 DOI: 10.3390/ani11010139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin (Gal) is a member of a family of β-galactoside-binding lectin. The members of this family play important roles in the recognition of carbohydrate ligands and in various other biological processes. In this study, we identified the gene encoding Gal-9 in Pagrus major (PmGal-9) and analyzed its expression in various tissues after pathogen challenge. Alignment analysis revealed that the two galactose-binding lectin domains of the deduced protein were highly conserved among all the teleosts. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that PmGal-9 is most closely related to the Gal-9 gene of gilthead sea bream. PmGal-9 was ubiquitously expressed in all tissues analyzed but was predominantly expressed in the spleen, head kidney, and intestine. After challenges with major microbial pathogens (Edwardsiella piscicida, Streptococcus iniae, or red sea bream iridovirus) of red sea bream, PmGal-9 mRNA expression was significantly regulated in most immune-related tissues. These results suggested that PmGal-9 not only plays an important role in the immune system of red sea bream but is also a possible inflammatory marker for pathogenic diseases.
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Ramírez-Paredes JG, Paley RK, Hunt W, Feist SW, Stone DM, Field TR, Haydon DJ, Ziddah PA, Nkansa M, Guilder J, Gray J, Duodu S, Pecku EK, Awuni JA, Wallis TS, Verner-Jeffreys DW. First detection of infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) associated with massive mortalities in farmed tilapia in Africa. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 68:1550-1563. [PMID: 32920975 PMCID: PMC8246855 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In late 2018, unusual patterns of very high mortality (>50% production) were reported in intensive tilapia cage culture systems across Lake Volta in Ghana. Samples of fish and fry were collected and analysed from two affected farms between October 2018 and February 2019. Affected fish showed darkening, erratic swimming and abdominal distension with associated ascites. Histopathological observations of tissues taken from moribund fish at different farms revealed lesions indicative of viral infection. These included haematopoietic cell nuclear and cytoplasmic pleomorphism with marginalization of chromatin and fine granulation. Transmission electron microscopy showed cells containing conspicuous virions with typical iridovirus morphology, that is enveloped, with icosahedral and/or polyhedral geometries and with a diameter c.160 nm. PCR confirmation and DNA sequencing identified the virions as infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV). Samples of fry and older animals were all strongly positive for the presence of the virus by qPCR. All samples tested negative for TiLV and nodavirus by qPCR. All samples collected from farms prior to the mortality event were negative for ISKNV. Follow‐up testing of fish and fry sampled from 5 additional sites in July 2019 showed all farms had fish that were PCR‐positive for ISKNV, whether there was active disease on the farm or not, demonstrating the disease was endemic to farms all over Lake Volta by that point. The results suggest that ISKNV was the cause of disease on the investigated farms and likely had a primary role in the mortality events. A common observation of coinfections with Streptococcus agalactiae and other tilapia bacterial pathogens further suggests that these may interact to cause severe pathology, particularly in larger fish. Results demonstrate that there are a range of potential threats to the sustainability of tilapia aquaculture that need to be guarded against.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard K Paley
- Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, UK.,OIE Collaborating Centre for Emerging Aquatic Animal Diseases, Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, UK
| | - William Hunt
- Ridgeway Biologicals Limited a Ceva Santé Animale Company, Compton, UK
| | - Stephen W Feist
- Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, UK.,OIE Collaborating Centre for Emerging Aquatic Animal Diseases, Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, UK
| | - David M Stone
- Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, UK.,OIE Collaborating Centre for Emerging Aquatic Animal Diseases, Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, UK
| | - Terence R Field
- Ridgeway Biologicals Limited a Ceva Santé Animale Company, Compton, UK
| | - David J Haydon
- Ridgeway Biologicals Limited a Ceva Santé Animale Company, Compton, UK
| | - Peter A Ziddah
- Fisheries Commission, Ministry of Fisheries and Aquaculture Development, Accra, Ghana
| | - Mary Nkansa
- Fisheries Commission, Ministry of Fisheries and Aquaculture Development, Accra, Ghana
| | - James Guilder
- Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, UK.,OIE Collaborating Centre for Emerging Aquatic Animal Diseases, Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Timothy S Wallis
- Ridgeway Biologicals Limited a Ceva Santé Animale Company, Compton, UK
| | - David W Verner-Jeffreys
- Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, UK.,OIE Collaborating Centre for Emerging Aquatic Animal Diseases, Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, UK
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6
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Shih TC, Ho LP, Wu JL, Chou HY, Pai TW. A voting mechanism-based linear epitope prediction system for the host-specific Iridoviridae family. BMC Bioinformatics 2019; 20:192. [PMID: 31074372 PMCID: PMC6509842 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-019-2736-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Iridoviridae family is categorized into five genera and clustered into two subfamilies: Alphairidovirinae includes Lymphocystivirus, Ranavirus (GIV), and Megalocystivirus (TGIV), which infect vertebrate hosts and Betairidovirinae includes Iridovirus and Chloriridovirus, which infect invertebrate hosts. Clustered Iridoviridae subfamilies possess host-specific characteristics, which can be considered as exclusive features for in-silico prediction of effective epitopes for vaccine development. A voting mechanism-based linear epitope (LE) prediction system was applied to identify and endorse LE candidates with a minimum length requirement for each clustered subfamily Results The experimental results showed that four conserved epitopes among the Iridovirideae family, one exclusive epitope for invertebrate subfamily and two exclusive epitopes for vertebrate family were predicted. These predicted LE candidates were further validated by ELISA assays for evaluating the strength of antigenicity and cross antigenicity. The conserved LEs for Iridoviridae family reflected high antigenicity responses for the two subfamilies, while exclusive LEs reflected high antigenicity responses only for the host-specific subfamily Conclusions Host-specific characteristics are important features and constraints for effective epitope prediction. Our proposed voting mechanism based system provides a novel approach for in silico LE prediction prior to vaccine development, and it is especially powerful for analyzing antigen sequences with exclusive features between two clustered groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao-Chuan Shih
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ping Ho
- Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Leih Wu
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan.,Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yiu Chou
- Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan. .,Department of Aquaculture, College of Life Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan.
| | - Tun-Wen Pai
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan. .,Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan.
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7
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Matsuyama T, Sano N, Takano T, Sakai T, Yasuike M, Fujiwara A, Kawato Y, Kurita J, Yoshida K, Shimada Y, Nakayasu C. Antibody profiling using a recombinant protein–based multiplex ELISA array accelerates recombinant vaccine development: Case study on red sea bream iridovirus as a reverse vaccinology model. Vaccine 2018; 36:2643-2649. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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8
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Jung MH, Nikapitiya C, Jung SJ. DNA vaccine encoding myristoylated membrane protein (MMP) of rock bream iridovirus (RBIV) induces protective immunity in rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus). Vaccine 2018; 36:802-810. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.12.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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9
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Dong HT, Jitrakorn S, Kayansamruaj P, Pirarat N, Rodkhum C, Rattanarojpong T, Senapin S, Saksmerprome V. Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis disease (ISKND) outbreaks in farmed barramundi (Lates calcarifer) in Vietnam. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 68:65-73. [PMID: 28663128 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Emergence of a disease with clinical signs resembling megalocytivirus infection seriously affected large-scale barramundi farms in Vietnam in 2012-2014 with estimated losses reaching $435,810 per year. An oil-based, inactivated vaccine against red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV) was applied in one farm for disease prevention without analysis of the causative agent, and the farmer reported inadequate protection. Here we describe histological and molecular analysis of the diseased fish. PCR targeting the major capsid protein (MCP) of megalocytiviruses yielded an amplicon with high sequence identity to infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) genotype II previously reported from other marine fish but not barramundi. Detection of the virus was confirmed by positive in situ hybridization results with fish tissue lesions of the kidney, liver, pancreas, and brain of the PCR-positive samples. Based on the complete sequence of the MCP gene, the isolate showed 95.2% nucleotide sequence identity and 98.7% amino acid sequence identity (6 residue differences) with the MCP of RSIV. Prediction of antigenic determinants for MCP antigens indicated that the 6 residue differences would result in a significant difference in antigenicity of the two proteins. This was confirmed by automated homology modeling in which structure superimpositioning revealed several unique epitopes in the barramundi isolate. This probably accounted for the low efficiency of the RSIV vaccine when tested by the farmer.
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Affiliation(s)
- H T Dong
- Aquaculture Vaccine Platform, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand; Fish Health Platform, Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
| | - S Jitrakorn
- Fish Health Platform, Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand; National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - P Kayansamruaj
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - N Pirarat
- Wildlife, Exotic and Aquatic Pathology- Special Task Force for Activating Research, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - C Rodkhum
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - T Rattanarojpong
- Aquaculture Vaccine Platform, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand
| | - S Senapin
- Fish Health Platform, Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand; National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - V Saksmerprome
- Fish Health Platform, Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand; National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand.
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10
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Zhang J, Li MF. ORF75 of megalocytivirus RBIV-C1: A global transcription regulator and an effective vaccine candidate. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 45:486-494. [PMID: 25982404 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Megalocytivirus, a DNA virus belonging to the Iridoviridae family, is a severe pathogen to a wide range of marine and freshwater fish. In this study, using turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) as a host model, we examined the immunoprotective property of one megalocytivirus gene, ORF75, in the form of DNA vaccine (named pORF75). Immunofluorescence microscopy and RT-PCR analysis showed that P444, the protein encoded by ORF75, was naturally produced in the tissues of turbot during megalocytivirus infection, and that the vaccine gene in pORF75 was expressed in fish cells transfected with pORF75 and in the tissues of turbot immunized with pORF75. Following vaccination of turbot with pORF75, a high level of survival (73%) was observed against a lethal megalocytivirus challenge. Consistently, viral replication in the vaccinated fish was significantly inhibited. Immune response analysis showed that pORF75-vaccinated fish (i) exhibited upregulated expression of the genes involved in innate and adaptive immunity, (ii) possessed specific memory immune cells that showed significant response to secondary antigen stimulation, and (iii) produced specific serum antibodies which, when co-introduced into turbot with megalocytivirus, blocked viral replication. Furthermore, whole-genome transcriptome analysis revealed that ORF75 knockdown altered the transcription of 43 viral genes. Taken together, these results indicate that ORF75 encoded a highly protective immunogen that is also a global transcription regulator of megalocytivirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mo-Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China.
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11
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Yu L, Fan Z, Ma J, Tong C, Song B, Zhu Z, Cui Y. Cross-protective effect of a novel multi-antigen-chimeric vaccine against Streptococcus and Staphylococcus aureus infection in mice. J Med Microbiol 2014; 63:1732-1740. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.073593-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcal and streptococcal species are the most common pathogens that cause bovine mastitis. Induction of a broad-spectrum protective immunity against staphylococci and streptococci by combining multiple antigens into a single vaccine is highlighted. To develop a universal vaccine candidate, a GapC1-tIsdB-TRAP (GIT) construct was generated. The GIT contained the truncated GapC from Streptococcus dysgalactiae, and truncated IsdB and full-length TRAP from Staphylococcus aureus. The humoral and cellular immune responses elicited by GIT were evaluated in mice. Antibody levels against GIT displayed a consistent tendency with antibody levels against GapC, IsdB and TRAP. The level of IFN-γ was higher in the GIT group than in the IsdB group (P<0.05), and the level of IL-4 was higher in the GIT group than in the GapC or TRAP groups (P<0.05). The GIT group showed an improved protection against Streptococcus in comparison with GapC group. A significant difference in S. aureus challenge test was detected between the GIT group and the IsdB or TRAP groups (P<0.05) in per cent survival of mice, and a synergistic immunoprotection against S. aureus or S. dysgalactiae was produced in the GIT group. These results suggested that the GIT would be a promising common vaccine candidate against S. aureus and Streptococcus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liquan Yu
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, PR China
| | - Ziyao Fan
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, PR China
| | - Jinzhu Ma
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, PR China
| | - Chunyu Tong
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, PR China
| | - Baifen Song
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, PR China
| | - Zhanbo Zhu
- School of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, PR China
| | - Yudong Cui
- School of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, PR China
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, PR China
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12
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Plant KP, LaPatra SE, Call DR, Cain KD. Attempts at validating a recombinant Flavobacterium psychrophilum gliding motility protein N as a vaccine candidate in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) against bacterial cold-water disease. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2014; 358:14-20. [PMID: 25053267 DOI: 10.1111/1574-6968.12543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Flavobacterium psychrophilum gliding motility N (GldN) protein was investigated to determine its ability to elicit antibody responses and provide protective immunity in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). GldN was PCR-amplified, cloned into pET102/D-TOPO, and expressed in Escherichia coli. Bacteria expressing recombinant GldN (rGldN) were formalin-inactivated and injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) into rainbow trout with Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) in four separate studies that used two different immunization protocols followed by challenge evaluations. Fish injected with E. coli only in FCA served as the control. Antibody responses to F. psychrophilum whole-cell lysates measured by ELISA were low in all four studies. Protection against F. psychrophilum challenge was observed in the first study, but not in the three following studies. The discrepancies in results obtained in the later studies are unclear but may relate to formalin treatment of the antigen preparations. Overall, it appeared that rGldN delivered i.p. as a crude formalin-killed preparation is not a consistent vaccine candidate, and more work is required. Additionally, this study illustrates the importance of conducting multiple in vivo evaluations on potential vaccine(s) before any conclusions are drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen P Plant
- Hagerman Fish Culture Experiment Station, University of Idaho, Hagerman, ID, USA
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Trung Cao T, Tsai MA, Yang CD, Wang PC, Kuo TY, Gabriel Chen HC, Chen SC. Vaccine efficacy of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) from Edwardsiella ictaluri against E. tarda in tilapia. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2014; 60:241-50. [DOI: 10.2323/jgam.60.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Trung Cao
- Department of Tropical Agriculture and International Cooperation
| | | | - Chung-Da Yang
- Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology
| | | | - Tsun-Yung Kuo
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Ilan University
- Department of Animal Science, National Ilan University
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Dong C, Xiong X, Luo Y, Weng S, Wang Q, He J. Efficacy of a formalin-killed cell vaccine against infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) and immunoproteomic analysis of its major immunogenic proteins. Vet Microbiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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15
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Tsai MA, Wang PC, Cao TT, Liao PC, Liaw LL, Chen SC. Immunoprotection of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) from Lactococcus garvieae against Lactococcosis in tilapia. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2013; 59:437-49. [DOI: 10.2323/jgam.59.437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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16
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Zhang M, Hu YH, Xiao ZZ, Sun Y, Sun L. Construction and analysis of experimental DNA vaccines against megalocytivirus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 33:1192-8. [PMID: 22986024 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2012.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2012] [Revised: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Iridoviruses are large double-stranded DNA viruses with icosahedral capsid. The Iridoviridae family contains five genera, one of which is Megalocytivirus. Megalocytivirus has emerged in recent years as an important pathogen to a wide range of marine and freshwater fish. In this study, we aimed at developing effective genetic vaccines against megalocytivirus affecting farmed fish in China. For this purpose, we constructed seven DNA vaccines based on seven genes of rock bream iridovirus isolate 1 from China (RBIV-C1), a megalocytivirus with a host range that includes Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) and turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). The protective potentials of these vaccines were examined in a turbot model. The results showed that after vaccination via intramuscular injection, the vaccine plasmids were distributed in spleen, kidney, muscle, and liver, and transcription of the vaccine genes and production of the vaccine proteins were detected in these tissues. Following challenge with a lethal-dose of RBIV-C1, fish vaccinated with four of the seven DNA vaccines exhibited significantly higher levels of survival compared to control fish. Of these four protective DNA vaccines, pCN86, which is a plasmid that expresses an 86-residue viral protein, induced the highest protection. Immunological analysis showed that pCN86 was able to (i) stimulate the respiratory burst of head kidney macrophages at 14 d, 21 d, and 28 d post-vaccination, (ii) upregulate the expression of immune relevant genes involved in innate and adaptive immunity, and (iii) induce production of serum antibodies that, when incubated with RBIV-C1 before infection, significantly reduced viral loads in kidney and spleen following viral infection of turbot. Taken together, these results indicate that pCN86 is an effective DNA vaccine that may be used in the control of megalocytivirus-associated diseases in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
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17
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Fu X, Li N, Lai Y, Liu L, Lin Q, Shi C, Huang Z, Wu S. Protective immunity against iridovirus disease in mandarin fish, induced by recombinant major capsid protein of infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 33:880-885. [PMID: 22971336 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2012.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Revised: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) is the causative agent of a disease causing high mortality and economic losses in mandarin fish, Siniperca chuatsi in China. But little information about vaccine development against ISKNV disease is available. In this study the gene encoding the major capsid protein (MCP), which is predominant structural component of the iridovirus particles, was cloned into a temperature induction prokaryotic expression vector pBV220 and a recombinant protein was detected about 50 kDa in molecular weight and accounted for 23% of total proteins of whole cell. Polyclonal antibodies were raised in rabbits against the purified protein and the reaction of the antibody was confirmed by western blotting using the purified protein and the spleen and kidney of healthy and diseased mandarin fish. The recombinant protein was renatured by dialysis and the juvenile mandarin fish were vaccinated by intraperitoneal injection with recombinant MCP emulsified with ISA 763 adjuvant at a dose of 20 μg/fish, 50 μg/fish and 100 μg/fish, respectively. Specific antibodies and lymphocyte proliferation were detected in three groups and the values of MCP50 group were higher than the other two groups. After challenge infection with ISKNV, fish of MCP50 group showed significantly greater survival than the others and the RPS was 64.3%. In conclusion, the humoral immunity and cellar immunity of mandarin fish were induced by recombinant MCP and the best immune dose was 50 μg/fish. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a recombinant protein vaccine against ISKNV disease was developed in mandarin fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhe Fu
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Drug Development, MOA, NO.1 Xingyu Road, Guangzhou 510380, PR China
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18
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Xiong XP, Dong CF, Weng SP, Zhang J, Zhang Y, He JG. Antigenic identification of virion structural proteins from infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 31:919-924. [PMID: 21888976 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2011.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2010] [Revised: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 08/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV), belonging to the genus Megalocytivirus in the family Iridoviridae, is one of the major agents causing mortality and economic losses to the freshwater fish culture industry in Asian countries. Currently, little information regarding the antigenic properties of Megalocytivirus (especially ISKNV) is available. Our previous study using four different workflows with systematic and comprehensive proteomic approaches led to the identification of 38 ISKNV virion-associated proteins (J. Virol. 2869-2877, 2011). Thus, in this report, the antigenicity of 31 structural proteins from ISKNV virion was investigated. A one-dimensional gel electrophoresis immunoblot profile coupled with MALDI-TOF-TOF MS/MS was applied to identify six immunogenic viral proteins, namely, ORFs major capsid protein (006L), 054L, 055L, 101L, 117L, and 125L. Then, the antigenicity of 31 structural proteins was characterized by Western blot by using pooled sera from mandarin fish that survived ISKNV infection. Of the 31 viral proteins, 22 were recognized by the fish ISKNV antiserum. Furthermore, this antiserum neutralizes MFF-1 cells ISKNV infection. To our knowledge, this study is the first report on the immunogenicity of viral proteins and characterization of the proteome of megalocytivirus infective agents. Our findings are expected to promote the development of effective vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Peng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang West Road, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
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