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Ansari A, Schultheis K, Patel R, Al‐Qadi KI, Chen S, Jensen CR, Schad SR, Weddell JC, Vanka SP, Imoukhuede PI. Cell isolation via spiral microfluidics and the secondary anchor targeted cell release system. AIChE J 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.16844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ansari
- Bioengineering University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Champaign Illinois
| | - Kinsey Schultheis
- Bioengineering University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Champaign Illinois
| | - Reema Patel
- Bioengineering University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Champaign Illinois
| | - Kareem I. Al‐Qadi
- Bioengineering University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Champaign Illinois
| | - Si Chen
- Bioengineering University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Champaign Illinois
| | - Cassandra R. Jensen
- Bioengineering University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Champaign Illinois
| | - Samantha R. Schad
- Bioengineering University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Champaign Illinois
| | - Jared C. Weddell
- Bioengineering University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Champaign Illinois
| | - Surya P. Vanka
- Bioengineering University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Champaign Illinois
| | - P. I. Imoukhuede
- Bioengineering University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Champaign Illinois
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Brown K, Thurn T, Xin L, Liu W, Bazak R, Chen S, Lai B, Vogt S, Jacobsen C, Paunesku T, Woloschak GE. Intracellular in situ labeling of TiO 2 nanoparticles for fluorescence microscopy detection. NANO RESEARCH 2018; 11:464-476. [PMID: 29541425 PMCID: PMC5846489 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-017-1654-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles are produced for many different purposes, including development of therapeutic and diagnostic nanoparticles for cancer detection and treatment, drug delivery, induction of DNA double-strand breaks, and imaging of specific cells and subcellular structures. Currently, the use of optical microscopy, an imaging technique most accessible to biology and medical pathology, to detect TiO2 nanoparticles in cells and tissues ex vivo is limited with low detection limits, while more sensitive imaging methods (transmission electron microscopy, X-ray fluorescence microscopy, etc.) have low throughput and technical and operational complications. Herein, we describe two in situ post-treatment labeling approaches to stain TiO2 nanoparticles taken up by the cells. The first approach utilizes fluorescent biotin and fluorescent streptavidin to label the nanoparticles before and after cellular uptake; the second approach is based on the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition, the so-called Click chemistry, for labeling and detection of azide-conjugated TiO2 nanoparticles with alkyne-conjugated fluorescent dyes such as Alexa Fluor 488. To confirm that optical fluorescence signals of these nanoparticles match the distribution of the Ti element, we used synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM) at the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory. Titanium-specific XFM showed excellent overlap with the location of optical fluorescence detected by confocal microscopy. Therefore, future experiments with TiO2 nanoparticles may safely rely on confocal microscopy after in situ nanoparticle labeling using approaches described here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koshonna Brown
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Ted Thurn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Lun Xin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - William Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Remon Bazak
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Si Chen
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Barry Lai
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Stefan Vogt
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Chris Jacobsen
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Tatjana Paunesku
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Gayle E Woloschak
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
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Chu D, Dong X, Zhao Q, Gu J, Wang Z. Photosensitization Priming of Tumor Microenvironments Improves Delivery of Nanotherapeutics via Neutrophil Infiltration. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:10.1002/adma.201701021. [PMID: 28504320 PMCID: PMC5510494 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201701021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Remodeling of tumor microenvironments enables enhanced delivery of nanoparticles (NPs). This study shows that direct priming of a tumor tissue using photosensitization rapidly activates neutrophil infiltration that mediates delivery of nanotherapeutics into the tumor. A drug delivery platform is comprised of NPs coated with anti-CD11b antibodies (Abs) that target activated neutrophils. Intravital microscopy demonstrates that the movement of anti-CD11b Abs-decorated NPs (NPs-CD11b) into the tumor is mediated by neutrophil infiltration induced by photosensitization (PS) because the systemic depletion of neutrophils completely abolishes the nanoparticle tumor deposition. The neutrophil uptake of NPs does not alter neutrophil activation and transmigration. For cancer therapy in mice, tumor PS and photothermal therapy of anti-CD11b Abs-linked gold nanorods (GNRs-CD11b) are combined to treat the carcinoma tumor. The result indicates that neutrophil tumor infiltration enhances nanoparticle cancer therapy. The findings reveal that promoting tumor infiltration of neutrophils by manipulating tumor microenvironments could be a novel strategy to actively deliver nanotherapeutics in cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafeng Chu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, 99210, USA
| | - Xinyue Dong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, 99210, USA
| | - Qi Zhao
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Jingkai Gu
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Zhenjia Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, 99210, USA
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4
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Sun Q, Tian H, Qu H, Sun D, Chen Z, Duan L, Zhang W, Qian J. Discrimination between streptavidin and avidin with fluorescent affinity-based probes. Analyst 2015; 140:4648-53. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an00585j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
SPS3 showed a high fluorescence response toward streptavidin and could discriminate biotin receptor over-expressed Hela cells from other cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Haiyu Tian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Haoran Qu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Deheng Sun
- School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Liping Duan
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Weibing Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Junhong Qian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
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5
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Zhao Y, Wang P, Wang F, Zhou H, Li W, Yue J, Ha Y. A novel biosensor regulated by the rotator of F₀F₁-ATPase to detect deoxynivalenol rapidly. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 423:195-9. [PMID: 22659418 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.05.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel biosensor (immuno-rotary biosensor) was developed by conjugating deoxynivalenol (DON) monoclonal antibodies with the "rotator" ε-subunit of F(0)F(1)-ATPase within chromatophores with an ε-subunit monoclonal antibody-biotin-avidin-biotin linker to capture DON residues. The conjugation conditions were then optimized. The capture of DON was based on the antibody-antigen reaction and it is indicated by the change in ATP synthetic activity of F(0)F(1)-ATPase, which is measured via chemiluminescence using the luciferin-luciferase system with a computerized microplate luminometer analyzer. 10(-7)mg/ml of DON can be detected. The whole detection process requires only about 20min. This method has promising applications in the detection of small molecular compounds because of its rapidity, simplicity, and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueliang Zhao
- Institute of Agro-products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
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6
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Kobayashi H, Longmire MR, Ogawa M, Choyke PL. Rational chemical design of the next generation of molecular imaging probes based on physics and biology: mixing modalities, colors and signals. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 40:4626-48. [PMID: 21607237 PMCID: PMC3417232 DOI: 10.1039/c1cs15077d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, numerous in vivo molecular imaging probes have been developed. As a consequence, much has been published on the design and synthesis of molecular imaging probes focusing on each modality, each type of material, or each target disease. More recently, second generation molecular imaging probes with unique, multi-functional, or multiplexed characteristics have been designed. This critical review focuses on (i) molecular imaging using combinations of modalities and signals that employ the full range of the electromagnetic spectra, (ii) optimized chemical design of molecular imaging probes for in vivo kinetics based on biology and physiology across a range of physical sizes, (iii) practical examples of second generation molecular imaging probes designed to extract complementary data from targets using multiple modalities, color, and comprehensive signals (277 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisataka Kobayashi
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute/NIH, Bldg. 10, Room B3B69, MSC 1088, 10 Center Dr Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1088, USA.
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7
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Ogawa M, Kosaka N, Choyke PL, Kobayashi H. Tumor-specific detection of an optically targeted antibody combined with a quencher-conjugated neutravidin "quencher-chaser": a dual "quench and chase" strategy to improve target to nontarget ratios for molecular imaging of cancer. Bioconjug Chem 2009; 20:147-54. [PMID: 19072537 DOI: 10.1021/bc8003765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In vivo molecular cancer imaging with monoclonal antibodies has great potential not only for cancer detection, but also for cancer characterization. However, the prolonged retention of intravenously injected antibody in the blood causes low target tumor-to-background ratio (TBR). Avidin has been used as a "chase" to clear the unbound, circulating biotinylated antibody and decrease the background signal. Here, we utilize a combined approach of a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) quenched antibody with an "avidin chase" to increase TBR. Trastuzumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2), was biotinylated and conjugated with the near-infrared (NIR) fluorophore Alexa680 to synthesize Tra-Alexa680-biotin. Next, the FRET quencher, QSY-21, was conjugated to avidin, neutravidin (nAv), or streptavidin (sAv), thus creating Av-QSY21, nAv-QSY21, or sAv-QSY21 as "chasers". The fluorescence was quenched in vitro by binding Tra-Alexa680-biotin to Av-QSY21, nAv-QSY21, or sAv-QSY21. To evaluate if the injection of quencher-conjugated avidin derivatives can improve target TBR by using a dual "quench and chase" strategy, both target (3T3/HER2+) and nontarget (Balb3T3/ZsGreen) tumor-bearing mice were employed. The "FRET quench" effect induced by all the QSY21 avidin-based conjugates reduced but did not totally eliminate background signal from the blood pool. The addition of nAv-QSY21 administration increased target TBR mainly because of the "chase" effect where unbound conjugated antibody was preferentially cleared to the liver. The relatively slow clearance of unbound nAv-QSY21 leads to further reductions in background signal by leaking out of the vascular space and binding to unbound antibodies in the extravascular space of tumors, resulting in decreased nontarget tumor-to-background ratios but increased target TBR due to the "FRET quench" effect, because target-bound antibodies were internalized and could not bind to nAv-QSY21. In conclusion, the proposed "quench-and-chase" system combines two strategies, fluorescent quenching and avidin chasing, to improve target TBR and reduce nontarget TBR, which should result in both improved tumor sensitivity and improved specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikako Ogawa
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1088, USA
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Hama Y, Urano Y, Koyama Y, Choyke PL, Kobayashi H. D-galactose receptor-targeted in vivo spectral fluorescence imaging of peritoneal metastasis using galactosamin-conjugated serum albumin-rhodamine green. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2007; 12:051501. [PMID: 17994865 DOI: 10.1117/1.2779351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The wavelength resolved spectral fluorescence imaging technique using a fluorescein-conjugated avidin has been reported to visualize submillimeter implants of ovarian cancer because of its highly targeted and quickly cleared pharmacokinetics. However, clinical application of avidin was hampered by its strong immunogenicity. As a clinically feasible alternative to avidin, which targets the same D-galactose receptor but is made from a nonimmunogenic source, with even better binding capability by multiplying binding sites but still maintaining a favorable characteristic of high isoelectric point, a serum albumin conjugated with 23 galactosamine and 2 rhodamine green molecules (GmSA-RhodG) was designed and synthesized. GmSA-RhodG showed more than 10-fold rapid and higher uptake by SHIN3 ovarian cancer cells than both avidin- and no galactosamine-conjugated albumin (bovine serum)-RhodG. Sensitivity and specificity of GmSA-RhodG to detect red fluorescence labeled peritoneal cancer foci in mouse cancer model were 100%/99% (n=566), respectively for approximately 1-mm lesions and even smaller lesions were detected in vivo. These results indicate that GmSA-RhodG is not only a clinically feasible alternative but more efficient targeting reagent for D-galactose receptors than avidin-RhodG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiro Hama
- National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, Molecular Imaging Program, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1088, USA
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9
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Cauchon N, Langlois R, Rousseau JA, Tessier G, Cadorette J, Lecomte R, Hunting DJ, Pavan RA, Zeisler SK, van Lier JE. PET imaging of apoptosis with 64Cu-labeled streptavidin following pretargeting of phosphatidylserine with biotinylated annexin-V. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2006; 34:247-58. [PMID: 17021816 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-006-0199-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2005] [Accepted: 06/09/2006] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In vivo detection of apoptosis is a diagnostic tool with potential clinical applications in cardiology and oncology. Radiolabeled annexin-V (anxV) is an ideal probe for in vivo apoptosis detection owing to its strong affinity for phosphatidylserine (PS), the molecular flag on the surface of apoptotic cells. Most clinical studies performed to visualize apoptosis have used (99m)Tc-anxV; however, its poor distribution profile often compromises image quality. In this study, tumor apoptosis after therapy was visualized by positron emission tomography (PET) using (64)Cu-labeled streptavidin (SAv), following pre-targeting of apoptotic cells with biotinylated anxV. METHODS Apoptosis was induced in tumor-bearing mice by photodynamic therapy (PDT) using phthalocyanine dyes as photosensitizers, and red light. After PDT, mice were injected i.v. with biotinylated anxV, followed 2 h later by an avidin chase, and after another 2 h with (64)Cu-DOTA-biotin-SAv. PET images were subsequently recorded up to 13 h after PDT. RESULTS PET images delineated apoptosis in treated tumors as early as 30 min after (64)Cu-DOTA-biotin-SAv administration, with tumor-to-background ratios reaching a maximum at 3 h post-injection, i.e., 7 h post-PDT. Omitting the administration of biotinylated anxV or the avidin chase failed to provide a clear PET image, confirming that all three steps are essential for adequate visualization of apoptosis. Furthermore, differences in action mechanisms between photosensitizers that target tumor cells directly or via initial vascular stasis were clearly recognized through differences in tracer uptake patterns detecting early or delayed apoptosis. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the efficacy of a three-step (64)Cu pretargeting procedure for PET imaging of apoptosis. Our data also confirm the usefulness of small animal PET to evaluate cancer treatment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Cauchon
- Sherbrooke Molecular Imaging Centre and Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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10
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Dafni H, Gilead A, Nevo N, Eilam R, Harmelin A, Neeman M. Modulation of the pharmacokinetics of macromolecular contrast material by avidin chase: MRI, optical, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry tracking of triply labeled albumin. Magn Reson Med 2003; 50:904-14. [PMID: 14587000 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.10638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this work was to develop an MRI method for mapping the clearance of interstitial macromolecular plasma proteins after their extravasation from permeable blood vessels. To that end, a well-defined window of exposure to elevated blood levels was generated by inducing rapid clearance of macromolecular contrast material from the blood. Experimental removal of the intravascular component allowed subsequent tracking of clearance from the interstitial compartment in the absence of further contrast extravasation. The contrast material was based on albumin triply labeled with biotin, fluorescent tag, and GdDTPA, allowing optical, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and MRI detection. The biotin tag was used here for in vivo chasing of the contrast material from the blood by intravenous administration of avidin. Upon administration of avidin the contrast material disappeared from the blood vessels and was cleared by the liver and spleen as detected by MRI, fluorescence of blood samples and histological sections, and by ICP-MS. Nonbiotinylated fluorescent albumin was not affected by administration of avidin. Contrast material that extravasated from leaky blood vessels in a VEGF overexpressing tumor, prior to administration of avidin, was not cleared by the addition of avidin and showed continued interstitial convection. Thus, avidin-chase provides an effective tool for in vivo manipulation of the arterial input function by providing experimental control over the rate of clearance of the contrast material from the circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagit Dafni
- Department of Biological Regulation, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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11
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Pavlinkova G, Batra SK, Colcher D, Booth BJM, Baranowska-Kortylewicz J. Constructs of biotin mimetic peptide with CC49 single-chain Fv designed for tumor pretargeting. Peptides 2003; 24:353-62. [PMID: 12732332 DOI: 10.1016/s0196-9781(03)00049-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Single-chain Fv constructs comprising a biotin mimetic peptide (BMP) and scFv of CC49 monoclonal antibody were produced to improve pretargeted radioimmunotherapy. BMP units that bind streptavidin were added to the carboxyl terminus of the CC49 V(H) region. An engineered scFvBMP monomer and a sc(Fv)(2)BMP dimer showed an excellent antigen recognition in vitro with a specific binding of 72+/-5 and 81+/-4%, respectively. Properties of 125I-sc(Fv)(2)BMP in mice bearing LS-174T xenografts were comparable to these of the parent 125I-sc(Fv)(2). Complexing of scFvBMPs with streptavidin increased tumor targeting and gave exceptionally high tumor-to-blood values of 63+/-7 for 125I-sc(Fv)(2)BMP-streptavidin compared with 37+/-4 for sc(Fv)(2)BMP at 72h after administration. High tumor and negligible normal tissue levels of these novel pretargeting constructs indicate a great potential for pretargeted radioimmunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Pavlinkova
- Department of Radiation Oncology, 981050 Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-1050, USA.
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Hart PR, Kopecková P, Omelyanenko V, Enioutina E, Kopecek J. HPMA copolymer-modified avidin: immune response. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2000; 11:1-12. [PMID: 10680604 DOI: 10.1163/156856200743454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Protein-polymer conjugates to be used in the pretargeted delivery of a photosensitizer to cells were synthesized and characterized. Avidin was modified by N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymers bearing the photosensitizer, mesochlorin e6 mono(N-2-aminoethylamide) (Mce6). Synthesis of HPMA copolymer-avidin-Mce6 conjugates was carried out so that either predominantly single point attachment or multipoint attachment of copolymer chains to avidin would result. HPMA copolymer-avidin conjugates were used which retained specific binding activity to a lower affinity biotin analog. Antigen specific anti-avidin immune response was shown to be reduced six-fold in some HPMA copolymer-avidin conjugates when compared to immune response to unmodified avidin. HPMA copolymer itself was shown to elicit a very low (IgM) immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Hart
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84112, USA
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13
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Yao Z, Zhang M, Sakahara H, Saga T, Arano Y, Konishi J. Avidin targeting of intraperitoneal tumor xenografts. J Natl Cancer Inst 1998; 90:25-9. [PMID: 9428779 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/90.1.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lectins (proteins that bind specific sugar molecules on glycoproteins and glycolipids) are expressed at various levels on the surface of tumor cells. Conjugation of cytotoxic agents to glycoproteins recognized by lectins could be useful in the treatment of tumors. Avidin (a highly glycosylated, positively charged protein found in egg white) contains terminal N-acetylglucosamine and mannose residues that bind to some lectins. In this study, we tested the ability of avidin, labeled through conjugation to radioactive biotin (a B vitamin), to target intraperitoneal tumors. METHODS Biotin was radioactively labeled with 111In. Four tumor models (one ovarian, one lung, and two colon) were established in nude mice by intraperitoneal injection of cultured cancer cells. The following two approaches were used in the intraperitoneal administration of avidin: 1) radioactive biotin-avidin conjugates were injected and 2) avidin was injected 1-24 hours before the injection of radioactive biotin (avidin pretargeting; avidin-biotin conjugates formed in vivo). The distribution of injected radioactivity in the tissues of treated animals was assessed. RESULTS Radiolabeled avidin localized highly and rapidly in the tumors. More than 50% of the administered dose of avidin-biotin conjugate accumulated per gram of tumor tissue 2 hours after injection; high tumor uptake of radioactivity was observed up to 24 hours after conjugate injection. In contrast, accumulation of radioactivity in normal tissues was low, yielding high tumor to nontumor ratios. With avidin pretargeting, accumulation of radioactivity in the liver, kidney, and spleen was reduced to a greater extent than that in the tumor, and tumor to nontumor ratios were increased. CONCLUSIONS Avidin may be a promising vehicle for the delivery of radioisotopes, drugs, toxins, or therapeutic genes to intraperitoneal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Yao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan.
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14
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Kobayashi H, Sakahara H, Endo K, Yao ZS, Konishi J. Inflammation-seeking scintigraphy with radiolabeled biotinylated polyclonal IgG followed by the injection of avidin chase. Nucl Med Biol 1996; 23:29-32. [PMID: 9004911 DOI: 10.1016/0969-8051(95)02010-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We tried to apply the avidin chasing system to the inflammation-seeking scintigraphy using radiolabeled nonspecific polyclonal IgG. We studied the pharmacokinetics of technetium-99m and iodine-125-labeled biotinylated murine polyclonal IgG followed by an avidin chase injection in model mice with inflammatory foci. Avidin chase decreased the circulating radioactivity of 99mTc and 125I, which was a major problem for inflammation-seeking scintigraphy using radiolabeled nonspecific polyclonal IgG, to 9.3% and 19.3% of that without an avidin chase injection, respectively. Inflammation-seeking scintigraphy with the aforementioned method would be better than that with conventional method.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kobayashi
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kyoto University, Faculty of Medicine, Japan
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