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Pipaliya SV, Thompson LA, Dacks JB. The reduced ARF regulatory system in Giardia intestinalis pre-dates the transition to parasitism in the lineage Fornicata. Int J Parasitol 2021; 51:825-839. [PMID: 33848497 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Giardia intestinalis is an enteric pathogen with an extremely modified membrane trafficking system, lacking canonical compartments such as the Golgi, endosomes, and intermediate vesicle carriers. By comparison the fornicate relatives of Giardia possess greater endomembrane system complexity. In eukaryotes, the ADP ribosylation factor (ARF) GTPase regulatory system proteins, which consist of the small GTPase ARF1, and its guanine exchange nucleotide factors (GEFs) and GTPase activating proteins (GAPs), coordinate temporal and directional trafficking of cargo vesicles by recognizing and interacting with heterotetrameric coat complexes at pre-Golgi and post-Golgi interfaces. To understand the evolution of this regulatory system across the fornicate lineage, we have performed comparative genomic and phylogenetic analyses of the ARF GTPases, and their regulatory GAPs and GEFs in fornicate genomes and transcriptomes. Prior to our analysis of the fornicates, we first establish that the ARF GAP sub-family ArfGAP with dual PH domains (ADAP) is sparsely distributed but present in at least four eukaryotic supergroups and thus was likely present in the Last Eukaryotic Common Ancestor (LECA). Next, our collective comparative genomic and phylogenetic investigations into the ARF regulatory proteins in fornicates identify a duplication of ARF1 GTPase yielding two paralogues of ARF1F proteins, ancestral to all fornicates and present in all examined isolates of Giardia. However, the ARF GEF and ARF GAP complement is reduced compared with the LECA. This investigation shows that the system was significantly streamlined prior to the fornicate ancestor but was not further reduced concurrent with a transition into a parasitic lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta V Pipaliya
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | - L Alexa Thompson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Joel B Dacks
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Institute of Parasitology Biology Centre, CAS v.v.i. Branisovska 31, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
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2
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Watanabe T, Kawakami E, Shoemaker JE, Lopes TJS, Matsuoka Y, Tomita Y, Kozuka-Hata H, Gorai T, Kuwahara T, Takeda E, Nagata A, Takano R, Kiso M, Yamashita M, Sakai-Tagawa Y, Katsura H, Nonaka N, Fujii H, Fujii K, Sugita Y, Noda T, Goto H, Fukuyama S, Watanabe S, Neumann G, Oyama M, Kitano H, Kawaoka Y. Influenza virus-host interactome screen as a platform for antiviral drug development. Cell Host Microbe 2014; 16:795-805. [PMID: 25464832 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Host factors required for viral replication are ideal drug targets because they are less likely than viral proteins to mutate under drug-mediated selective pressure. Although genome-wide screens have identified host proteins involved in influenza virus replication, limited mechanistic understanding of how these factors affect influenza has hindered potential drug development. We conducted a systematic analysis to identify and validate host factors that associate with influenza virus proteins and affect viral replication. After identifying over 1,000 host factors that coimmunoprecipitate with specific viral proteins, we generated a network of virus-host protein interactions based on the stage of the viral life cycle affected upon host factor downregulation. Using compounds that inhibit these host factors, we validated several proteins, notably Golgi-specific brefeldin A-resistant guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 (GBF1) and JAK1, as potential antiviral drug targets. Thus, virus-host interactome screens are powerful strategies to identify targetable host factors and guide antiviral drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tokiko Watanabe
- ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Eiryo Kawakami
- ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Jason E Shoemaker
- ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Tiago J S Lopes
- ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Yukiko Matsuoka
- ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; The Systems Biology Institute, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0071, Japan
| | - Yuriko Tomita
- ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Hiroko Kozuka-Hata
- Medical Proteomics Laboratory, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Takeo Gorai
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 575 Science Drive, Madison, WI 53711, USA
| | - Tomoko Kuwahara
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Eiji Takeda
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nagata
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Ryo Takano
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Maki Kiso
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Makoto Yamashita
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Yuko Sakai-Tagawa
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Katsura
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Naoki Nonaka
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Hiroko Fujii
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Ken Fujii
- ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Sugita
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Takeshi Noda
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Hideo Goto
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fukuyama
- ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Shinji Watanabe
- ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Gabriele Neumann
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 575 Science Drive, Madison, WI 53711, USA
| | - Masaaki Oyama
- Medical Proteomics Laboratory, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kitano
- ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; The Systems Biology Institute, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0071, Japan; Laboratory for Disease Systems Modeling, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 575 Science Drive, Madison, WI 53711, USA; Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
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The Arf GTPase-activating protein SMAP1 promotes transferrin receptor endocytosis and interacts with SMAP2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 453:473-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.09.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Funaki T, Kon S, Tanabe K, Natsume W, Sato S, Shimizu T, Yoshida N, Wong WF, Ogura A, Ogawa T, Inoue K, Ogonuki N, Miki H, Mochida K, Endoh K, Yomogida K, Fukumoto M, Horai R, Iwakura Y, Ito C, Toshimori K, Watanabe T, Satake M. The Arf GAP SMAP2 is necessary for organized vesicle budding from the trans-Golgi network and subsequent acrosome formation in spermiogenesis. Mol Biol Cell 2013; 24:2633-44. [PMID: 23864717 PMCID: PMC3756916 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e13-05-0234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
SMAP2 is an Arf GAP and modulates clathrin-coated vesicle formation. SMAP2-deficient male mice exhibited globozoospermia due to acrosome deformation. In SMAP2(−/−) spermatids, budding of proacrosomal vesicles from the TGN was distorted and clathrin traffic–related molecules such as CALM and syntaxin2 were mislocated. The trans-Golgi network (TGN) functions as a hub organelle in the exocytosis of clathrin-coated membrane vesicles, and SMAP2 is an Arf GTPase-activating protein that binds to both clathrin and the clathrin assembly protein (CALM). In the present study, SMAP2 is detected on the TGN in the pachytene spermatocyte to the round spermatid stages of spermatogenesis. Gene targeting reveals that SMAP2-deficient male mice are healthy and survive to adulthood but are infertile and exhibit globozoospermia. In SMAP2-deficient spermatids, the diameter of proacrosomal vesicles budding from TGN increases, TGN structures are distorted, acrosome formation is severely impaired, and reorganization of the nucleus does not proceed properly. CALM functions to regulate vesicle sizes, and this study shows that CALM is not recruited to the TGN in the absence of SMAP2. Furthermore, syntaxin2, a component of the soluble N-ethylmaleimide–sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) complex, is not properly concentrated at the site of acrosome formation. Thus this study reveals a link between SMAP2 and CALM/syntaxin2 in clathrin-coated vesicle formation from the TGN and subsequent acrosome formation. SMAP2-deficient mice provide a model for globozoospermia in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomo Funaki
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Department of Pathology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
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The jaw of the worm: GTPase-activating protein EAT-17 regulates grinder formation in Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics 2013; 195:115-25. [PMID: 23792950 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.113.152538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Constitutive transport of cellular materials is essential for cell survival. Although multiple small GTPase Rab proteins are required for the process, few regulators of Rabs are known. Here we report that EAT-17, a novel GTPase-activating protein (GAP), regulates RAB-6.2 function in grinder formation in Caenorhabditis elegans. We identified EAT-17 as a novel RabGAP that interacts with RAB-6.2, a protein that presumably regulates vesicle trafficking between Golgi, the endoplasmic reticulum, and plasma membrane to form a functional grinder. EAT-17 has a canonical GAP domain that is critical for its function. RNA interference against 25 confirmed and/or predicted RABs in C. elegans shows that RNAi against rab-6.2 produces a phenotype identical to eat-17. A directed yeast two-hybrid screen using EAT-17 as bait and each of the 25 RAB proteins as prey identifies RAB-6.2 as the interacting partner of EAT-17, confirming that RAB-6.2 is a specific substrate of EAT-17. Additionally, deletion mutants of rab-6.2 show grinder defects identical to those of eat-17 loss-of-function mutants, and both RAB-6.2 and EAT-17 are expressed in the terminal bulb of the pharynx where the grinder is located. Collectively, these results suggest that EAT-17 is a specific GTPase-activating protein for RAB-6.2. Based on the conserved function of Rab6 in vesicular transport, we propose that EAT-17 regulates the turnover rate of RAB-6.2 activity in cargo trafficking for grinder formation.
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6
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Sangar F, Schreurs AS, Umaña-Diaz C, Clapéron A, Desbois-Mouthon C, Calmel C, Mauger O, Zaanan A, Miquel C, Fléjou JF, Praz F. Involvement of small ArfGAP1 (SMAP1), a novel Arf6-specific GTPase-activating protein, in microsatellite instability oncogenesis. Oncogene 2013; 33:2758-67. [PMID: 23752192 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Small ArfGAP1 (stromal membrane-associated protein 1, SMAP1), a GTPase-activating protein specific for ADP-ribosylation factor 6 (Arf6), which is a small GTPase acting on membrane trafficking and actin remodeling, is frequently mutated in various tumors displaying microsatellite instability (MSI), notably in MSI colorectal cancers (CRC). Genotyping of 93 MSI CRCs (40 stage II, 32 stage III and 21 stage IV) allowed us to underscore that SMAP1 mutation frequency was inversely correlated with disease stage (P=0.01). Analysis of 46 cancer cell lines showed that SMAP1 mutations occurred only in MSI tumors, and consisted exclusively in short insertion or deletion in the coding 10-adenine repeat, generating a premature termination codon located downstream the ArfGAP domain. SMAP1 transcript levels were significant decreased (P=0.006), and truncated SMAP1 protein could not be detected in cells displaying biallelic SMAP1 mutations, owing to its sensitivity to proteasome degradation. To investigate the role of SMAP1 mutations, we used the SMAP1-null HCT116 cell line and we established three isogenic SMAP1-complemented clones. Cell proliferation was first assessed in vivo using subcutaneous xenografts into immunodeficient mice. Tumors developed in all animals regardless of the cell line injected, but tumor volumes were significantly smaller for both SMAP1-complemented clones compared with HCT116 (P<0.0001, at the time of killing). In vitro, SMAP1 mutations also increased cell clonogenicity (P=0.02-0.04), cell proliferation (P=0.008) by shortening the G2/M phase and decreased cell invasiveness (P=0.03-0.003). In keeping, SMAP1-complemented HCT116 gained several mesenchymal markers (Snail, Slug and vimentin) considered as a hallmark of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. These observations are reminiscent of some clinical characteristics of MSI CRCs, notably their larger size and lower rate of metastasis. Our observations suggest that SMAP1 loss-of-function mutations in MSI CRC may contribute to the emerging oncogenic pathway involving abnormal Arf6 regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Sangar
- 1] INSERM, UMR_S 938, Saint-Antoine Research Center, Paris, France [2] UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, Saint-Antoine Research Center, Paris, France
| | - A-S Schreurs
- 1] INSERM, UMR_S 938, Saint-Antoine Research Center, Paris, France [2] UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, Saint-Antoine Research Center, Paris, France
| | - C Umaña-Diaz
- 1] INSERM, UMR_S 938, Saint-Antoine Research Center, Paris, France [2] UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, Saint-Antoine Research Center, Paris, France
| | - A Clapéron
- 1] INSERM, UMR_S 938, Saint-Antoine Research Center, Paris, France [2] UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, Saint-Antoine Research Center, Paris, France
| | - C Desbois-Mouthon
- 1] INSERM, UMR_S 938, Saint-Antoine Research Center, Paris, France [2] UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, Saint-Antoine Research Center, Paris, France
| | - C Calmel
- 1] INSERM, UMR_S 938, Saint-Antoine Research Center, Paris, France [2] UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, Saint-Antoine Research Center, Paris, France
| | - O Mauger
- 1] INSERM, UMR_S 938, Saint-Antoine Research Center, Paris, France [2] UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, Saint-Antoine Research Center, Paris, France
| | - A Zaanan
- 1] INSERM, UMR_S 938, Saint-Antoine Research Center, Paris, France [2] UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, Saint-Antoine Research Center, Paris, France
| | - C Miquel
- Department of Pathology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - J-F Fléjou
- 1] INSERM, UMR_S 938, Saint-Antoine Research Center, Paris, France [2] UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, Saint-Antoine Research Center, Paris, France [3] Department of Pathology, Saint-Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - F Praz
- 1] INSERM, UMR_S 938, Saint-Antoine Research Center, Paris, France [2] UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, Saint-Antoine Research Center, Paris, France
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Kon S, Minegishi N, Tanabe K, Watanabe T, Funaki T, Wong WF, Sakamoto D, Higuchi Y, Kiyonari H, Asano K, Iwakura Y, Fukumoto M, Osato M, Sanada M, Ogawa S, Nakamura T, Satake M. Smap1 deficiency perturbs receptor trafficking and predisposes mice to myelodysplasia. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:1123-37. [PMID: 23434593 DOI: 10.1172/jci63711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of clathrin-coated vesicles is essential for intracellular membrane trafficking between subcellular compartments and is triggered by the ARF family of small GTPases. We previously identified SMAP1 as an ARF6 GTPase-activating protein that functions in clathrin-dependent endocytosis. Because abnormalities in clathrin-dependent trafficking are often associated with oncogenesis, we targeted Smap1 in mice to examine its physiological and pathological significance. Smap1-deficent mice exhibited healthy growth, but their erythroblasts showed enhanced transferrin endocytosis. In mast cells cultured in SCF, Smap1 deficiency did not affect the internalization of c-KIT but impaired the sorting of internalized c-KIT from multivesicular bodies to lysosomes, resulting in intracellular accumulation of undegraded c-KIT that was accompanied by enhanced activation of ERK and increased cell growth. Interestingly, approximately 50% of aged Smap1-deficient mice developed anemia associated with morphologically dysplastic cells of erythroid-myeloid lineage, which are hematological abnormalities similar to myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) in humans. Furthermore, some Smap1-deficient mice developed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) of various subtypes. Collectively, to our knowledge these results provide the first evidence in a mouse model that the deregulation of clathrin-dependent membrane trafficking may be involved in the development of MDS and subsequent AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Kon
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Sakakura I, Tanabe K, Nouki N, Suzuki M, Satake M, Watanabe T. The carboxy-terminal region of SMAP2 directs subcellular localization as well as Arf protein specificity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 404:661-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2010] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Funaki T, Kon S, Ronn RE, Henmi Y, Kobayashi Y, Watanabe T, Nakayama K, Tanabe K, Satake M. Localization of SMAP2 to the TGN and its Function in the Regulation of TGN Protein Transport. Cell Struct Funct 2011; 36:83-95. [DOI: 10.1247/csf.10022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tomo Funaki
- Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University
| | - Shunsuke Kon
- Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University
| | - Roger E. Ronn
- Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University
| | - Yuji Henmi
- Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama University
| | - Yuka Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama University
| | - Toshio Watanabe
- Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University
| | | | - Kenji Tanabe
- Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama University
| | - Masanobu Satake
- Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University
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10
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Kahn RA, Bruford E, Inoue H, Logsdon JM, Nie Z, Premont RT, Randazzo PA, Satake M, Theibert AB, Zapp ML, Cassel D. Consensus nomenclature for the human ArfGAP domain-containing proteins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 182:1039-44. [PMID: 18809720 PMCID: PMC2542466 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200806041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
At the FASEB summer research conference on “Arf Family GTPases”, held in Il Ciocco, Italy in June, 2007, it became evident to researchers that our understanding of the family of Arf GTPase activating proteins (ArfGAPs) has grown exponentially in recent years. A common nomenclature for these genes and proteins will facilitate discovery of biological functions and possible connections to pathogenesis. Nearly 100 researchers were contacted to generate a consensus nomenclature for human ArfGAPs. This article describes the resulting consensus nomenclature and provides a brief description of each of the 10 subfamilies of 31 human genes encoding proteins containing the ArfGAP domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Kahn
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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11
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Campa F, Randazzo PA. Arf GTPase-activating proteins and their potential role in cell migration and invasion. Cell Adh Migr 2008; 2:258-62. [PMID: 19262159 DOI: 10.4161/cam.2.4.6959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration is central to normal physiology in embryogenesis, the inflammatory response and wound healing. In addition, the acquisition of a motile and invasive phenotype is an important step in the development of tumors and metastasis. Arf GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) are nonredundant regulators of specialized membrane surfaces implicated in cell migration. Part of Arf GAP function is mediated by regulating the ADP ribosylation factor (Arf) family GTP-binding proteins. However, Arf GAPs can also function independently of their GAP enzymatic activity, in some cases working as Arf effectors. In this commentary, we discuss examples of Arf GAPs that function either as regulators of Arfs or independently of the GTPase activity to regulate membrane structures that mediate cell adhesion and movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Campa
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4256, USA
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12
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Kon S, Tanabe K, Watanabe T, Sabe H, Satake M. Clathrin dependent endocytosis of E-cadherin is regulated by the Arf6GAP isoform SMAP1. Exp Cell Res 2008; 314:1415-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2007.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2007] [Revised: 11/02/2007] [Accepted: 11/03/2007] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Abstract
The Arf (ADP-ribosylation factor) GAPs (GTPase-activating proteins) are a family of proteins with a common catalytic domain that induces hydrolysis of GTP bound to Arf GTP-binding proteins. At least three groups of multidomain Arf GAPs affect the actin cytoskeleton and cellular activities, such as migration and movement, that depend on the cytoskeleton. One role of the Arf GAPs is to regulate membrane remodelling that accompanies actin polymerization. Regulation of membrane remodelling is mediated in part by the regulation of Arf proteins. However, Arf GAPs also regulate actin independently of effects on membranes or Arf. These functions include acting as upstream regulators of Rho family proteins and providing a scaffold for Rho effectors and exchange factors. With multiple functional elements, the Arf GAPs could integrate signals and biochemical activities that result in co-ordinated changes in actin and membranes necessary for a wide range of cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Randazzo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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14
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Tanabe K, Kon S, Ichijo N, Funaki T, Natsume W, Watanabe T, Satake M. A SMAP gene family encoding ARF GTPase-activating proteins and its implication in membrane trafficking. Methods Enzymol 2008; 438:155-70. [PMID: 18413247 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(07)38011-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SMAP1 and SMAP2 proteins constitute a subfamily of the Arf-specific GTPase-activating proteins. Both SMAP proteins bind to clathrin heavy chains and are involved in the trafficking of clathrin-coated vesicles. In cells, SMAP1 regulates Arf6-dependent endocytosis of transferrin receptors from the coated pits of the plasma membrane, whereas SMAP2 regulates Arf1-dependent retrograde transport of TGN38 from the early endosome to the trans-Golgi network. The common and distinct features of SMAP1 and SMAP2 activity provide a valuable opportunity to examine the differential regulation of membrane trafficking by these two proteins. In this chapter, we describe several basic experimental procedures that have been used to study the regulation of membrane trafficking using SMAP proteins, including a GAP assay as well as procedures to study the transport of transferrin receptors and TGN38. In addition, a yeast two-hybrid system is described because of its utility in identifying novel molecules that interact with SMAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Tanabe
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Ha VL, Luo R, Nie Z, Randazzo PA. Contribution of AZAP-Type Arf GAPs to cancer cell migration and invasion. Adv Cancer Res 2008; 101:1-28. [PMID: 19055940 PMCID: PMC7249260 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-230x(08)00401-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Arf GAPs are a family of proteins with a common catalytic domain that induces hydrolysis of GTP bound to the small GTP-binding protein Arf. The proteins are otherwise structurally diverse. Several subtypes of Arf GAPs have been found to be targets of oncogenes and to control cell proliferation and cell migration. The latter effects are thought to be mediated by coordinating changes in actin remodeling and membrane traffic. In this chapter, we discuss Arf GAPs that have been linked to oncogenesis and the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of these proteins in cancer cells. We also discuss the enzymology of the Arf GAPs related to possible targeted inhibition of specific subtypes of Arf GAPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vi Luan Ha
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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