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Shimasaki N, Kuwahara T, Nishijima H, Nakamura K, Sato K, Murano K, Itamura S, Akahori Y, Takashita E, Kishida N, Arita T, Nakauchi M, Takeda M, Hasegawa H, Ryo A, Harada Y. Establishment of Reference Reagents for Single-Radial-Immunodiffusion Assay on the 2022/23 Seasonal Influenza Vaccine in Japan and Their Quality Validation. Jpn J Infect Dis 2024; 77:105-111. [PMID: 38030271 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2023.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Potency tests for influenza vaccines are currently performed using a single-radial immunodiffusion (SRID) assay, which requires a reference antigen and anti-hemagglutinin (HA) serum as reference reagents. Reagents must be newly prepared each time a strain used for vaccine production is modified. Therefore, establishing reference reagents of consistent quality is crucial for conducting vaccine potency tests accurately and precisely. Here, we established reference reagents for the SRID assay to conduct lot release tests of quadrivalent influenza vaccines in Japan during the 2022/23 influenza season. The potency of reference antigens during storage was confirmed. Furthermore, we evaluated the cross-reactivity of each antiserum raised against the HA protein of the 2 lineages of influenza B virus toward different lineages of influenza B virus antigens to select a suitable procedure for the SRID assay for accurate measurement. Finally, the intralaboratory reproducibility of the SRID assay using the established reference reagents was validated, and the SRID reagents had sufficient consistent quality, comparable to that of the reagents used for testing vaccines during previous influenza seasons. Our study contributes to the quality control of influenza vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Shimasaki
- Department of Virology Ⅲ, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kuwahara
- Department of Virology Ⅲ, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan
| | - Haruna Nishijima
- Department of Virology Ⅲ, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan
| | - Kazuya Nakamura
- Research Center for Influenza and Respiratory Viruses, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan
| | - Kayoko Sato
- Department of Virology Ⅲ, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan
| | - Keiko Murano
- Department of Virology Ⅲ, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Itamura
- Department of Virology Ⅲ, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan
| | - Yukiko Akahori
- Department of Virology Ⅲ, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan
| | - Emi Takashita
- Research Center for Influenza and Respiratory Viruses, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan
| | - Noriko Kishida
- Research Center for Influenza and Respiratory Viruses, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan
| | - Tomoko Arita
- Research Center for Influenza and Respiratory Viruses, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan
| | - Mina Nakauchi
- Research Center for Influenza and Respiratory Viruses, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan
| | - Makoto Takeda
- Department of Virology Ⅲ, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan
| | - Hideki Hasegawa
- Research Center for Influenza and Respiratory Viruses, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan
| | - Akihide Ryo
- Department of Virology Ⅲ, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan
| | - Yuichi Harada
- Department of Virology Ⅲ, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan
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2
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Konegawa Y, Kuwahara T, Jo J, Murata K, Takeda T, Ikeda T, Minatoya K, Masumoto H, Tabata Y. Pioglitazone-incorporated microspheres alleviates cardiac dysfunction through macrophage polarization in a rat myocardial infarction model. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.2900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Inflammatory processes are essential for the repair processes after myocardial infarction. Among inflammatory cells involved in this process, macrophages play a critical role through polarization in pro-inflammatory M1 or reparative M2 subtype. Pioglitazone, known as a treatment drug for diabetes mellitus, is reported to regulate macrophage polarization toward reparative M2 subtype. Poly L-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) has been widely accepted as the delivery carrier in drug delivery system (DDS).
Here, we aimed to validate the therapeutic effects and investigate the mechanisms of DDS-based treatment using pioglitazone to left ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction.
Pioglitazone-incorporated PLGA microspheres (PGZ-MS) were prepared and the drug release profile was evaluated. The concentration of interleukin-10 secreted from murine bone marrow derived macrophages incubated with PGZ-MS was quantified in the culture supernatant. To validate the therapeutic potential of PGZ-MS in vivo, Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to permanent left coronary artery ligation to induce myocardial infarction. Mock-MS (100 μg) or PGZ-MS (100 μg) was injected to the infarct region just after induction (n=9–11/group). Cardiac function and left ventricular size were assessed by echocardiography. At 28-day after surgery, rats were sacrificed, and excised hearts were evaluated histologically.
PGZ-MS released 1.8±0.3% of incorporated PGZ within 24 hours and 29.5±1.2% within 14 days indicating sustained release of PGZ in vitro. PGZ-MS augmented Interleukin-10 release from bone marrow derived macrophages, indicating polarization toward reparative M2 subtype. PGZ-MS significantly ameliorated cardiac function after myocardial infarction (fractional shortening: MI vs MI+Mock-MS vs MI+PGZ-MS, 24.4±1.1 vs 24.3±1.6 vs 32.2±1.4%; P=0.0035) with reverse remodeling (wall thickness: MI vs MI+Mock-MS vs MI+PGZ-MS, 0.69±0.12 vs 0.71±0.13 vs 1.06±0.09; P=0.03). Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that PGZ-MS enhanced macrophage polarization toward reparative M2 subtype (ratio of reparative M2 macrophages: 0.39±0.03 vs 0.42±0.02 vs 0.54±0.02; P=0.0004) and attenuated apoptosis of cardiomyocytes in the ischemic border zone (MI vs MI+Mock-MS vs MI+PGZ-MS, 2.6±0.2 vs 1.9±0.2 vs 1.2±0.2 cells/field; P=0.002).
In the present study, we confirmed that PGZ-MS could realize sustained release of pioglitazone which resulted in sustained effect of macrophage polarization and attenuated left ventricular remodeling accompanied with the amelioration of cardiac dysfunction and cardiomyocytes apoptosis. The strategy of DDS-based macrophage polarization might serve as a promising strategy in cardiac regenerative therapy for ischemic heart disease in the future.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture of Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Konegawa
- Kyoto University, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery , Kyoto , Japan
| | - T Kuwahara
- Kyoto University, Department of Biomaterials, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences , Kyoto , Japan
| | - J Jo
- Kyoto University, Department of Biomaterials, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences , Kyoto , Japan
| | - K Murata
- Kyoto University, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery , Kyoto , Japan
| | - T Takeda
- Kyoto University, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery , Kyoto , Japan
| | - T Ikeda
- Kyoto University, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery , Kyoto , Japan
| | - K Minatoya
- Kyoto University, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery , Kyoto , Japan
| | - H Masumoto
- Kyoto University, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Y Tabata
- Kyoto University, Department of Biomaterials, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences , Kyoto , Japan
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3
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Takashita E, Kawakami C, Morita H, Ogawa R, Fujisaki S, Shirakura M, Miura H, Nakamura K, Kishida N, Kuwahara T, Mitamura K, Abe T, Ichikawa M, Yamazaki M, Watanabe S, Odagiri T, On Behalf Of The Influenza Virus Surveillance Group Of Japan. Detection of influenza A(H3N2) viruses exhibiting reduced susceptibility to the novel cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitor baloxavir in Japan, December 2018. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 24. [PMID: 30670142 PMCID: PMC6344841 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2019.24.3.1800698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The novel cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitor baloxavir marboxil was approved for the treatment of influenza virus infection in Japan in February 2018. Two influenza A(H3N2) viruses carrying an I38T substitution in the polymerase acidic subunit (PA) were detected in baloxavir-treated children in December 2018. This mutation is known to confer reduced susceptibility to baloxavir, and the two mutant viruses exhibited 76- and 120-fold reduced susceptibility to baloxavir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Takashita
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hiroko Morita
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rie Ogawa
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Fujisaki
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shirakura
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideka Miura
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuya Nakamura
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Kishida
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kuwahara
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Shinji Watanabe
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takato Odagiri
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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4
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Takashita E, Kawakami C, Ogawa R, Morita H, Fujisaki S, Shirakura M, Miura H, Nakamura K, Kishida N, Kuwahara T, Ota A, Togashi H, Saito A, Mitamura K, Abe T, Ichikawa M, Yamazaki M, Watanabe S, Odagiri T. Influenza A(H3N2) virus exhibiting reduced susceptibility to baloxavir due to a polymerase acidic subunit I38T substitution detected from a hospitalised child without prior baloxavir treatment, Japan, January 2019. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 24. [PMID: 30914078 PMCID: PMC6440584 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2019.24.12.1900170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In January 2019, two influenza A(H3N2) viruses carrying an I38T substitution in the polymerase acidic subunit (PA), which confers reduced susceptibility to baloxavir, were detected from epidemiologically unrelated hospitalised children in Japan. The viruses exhibited reduced susceptibility to baloxavir but were susceptible to neuraminidase inhibitors. Only one of the two children had been treated with baloxavir. An epidemiological analysis suggests possible transmission of the PA I38T mutant A(H3N2) virus among humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Takashita
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Rie Ogawa
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Morita
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Fujisaki
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shirakura
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideka Miura
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuya Nakamura
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Kishida
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kuwahara
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Ota
- Saiseikai Yokohamashi Nanbu Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Shinji Watanabe
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takato Odagiri
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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5
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Takashita E, Abe T, Morita H, Nagata S, Fujisaki S, Miura H, Shirakura M, Kishida N, Nakamura K, Kuwahara T, Mitamura K, Ichikawa M, Yamazaki M, Watanabe S, Hasegawa H. Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus exhibiting reduced susceptibility to baloxavir due to a PA E23K substitution detected from a child without baloxavir treatment. Antiviral Res 2020; 180:104828. [PMID: 32574689 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Human-to-human transmission of PA I38 mutant influenza A(H3N2) viruses with reduced baloxavir susceptibility has been reported in Japan. In December 2019, we detected a PA E23K mutant A(H1N1)pdm09 virus from a child without baloxavir treatment. The PA E23K mutant virus exhibited reduced baloxavir susceptibility but remained susceptible to neuraminidase inhibitors. Epidemiological data suggest possible transmission of this PA E23K mutant virus among humans, although its growth capability relative to that of the wild-type virus was reduced. Therefore, baloxavir susceptibility monitoring of influenza viruses is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Takashita
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Gakuen 4-7-1, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, 208-0011, Japan.
| | - Takashi Abe
- Abe Children's Clinic, Minowa 2-15-22, Kohoku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 223-0051, Japan
| | - Hiroko Morita
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Gakuen 4-7-1, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, 208-0011, Japan
| | - Shiho Nagata
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Gakuen 4-7-1, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, 208-0011, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Fujisaki
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Gakuen 4-7-1, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, 208-0011, Japan
| | - Hideka Miura
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Gakuen 4-7-1, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, 208-0011, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shirakura
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Gakuen 4-7-1, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, 208-0011, Japan
| | - Noriko Kishida
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Gakuen 4-7-1, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, 208-0011, Japan
| | - Kazuya Nakamura
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Gakuen 4-7-1, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, 208-0011, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kuwahara
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Gakuen 4-7-1, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, 208-0011, Japan
| | - Keiko Mitamura
- Eiju General Hospital, Higashi Ueno 2-23-16, Taito, Tokyo, 110-8645, Japan
| | - Masataka Ichikawa
- Ichikawa Children's Clinic, Higashi Odake 1544-3, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1133, Japan
| | - Masahiko Yamazaki
- Zama Children's Clinic, Tatsuno Dai 2-20-24, Zama, Kanagawa, 252-0023, Japan
| | - Shinji Watanabe
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Gakuen 4-7-1, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, 208-0011, Japan
| | - Hideki Hasegawa
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Gakuen 4-7-1, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, 208-0011, Japan
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6
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Takashita E, Yasui Y, Nagata S, Morita H, Fujisaki S, Miura H, Shirakura M, Kishida N, Nakamura K, Kuwahara T, Sugawara H, Sato A, Akimoto M, Kaido T, Watanabe S, Hasegawa H. Detection of a Peramivir-Resistant Influenza B/Yamagata-Lineage Virus Imported from Indonesia in Aichi, Japan, March 2019. Jpn J Infect Dis 2020; 73:386-390. [PMID: 32475875 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2020.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emi Takashita
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Murayama Branch, Japan
| | | | - Shiho Nagata
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Murayama Branch, Japan
| | - Hiroko Morita
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Murayama Branch, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Fujisaki
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Murayama Branch, Japan
| | - Hideka Miura
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Murayama Branch, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shirakura
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Murayama Branch, Japan
| | - Noriko Kishida
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Murayama Branch, Japan
| | - Kazuya Nakamura
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Murayama Branch, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kuwahara
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Murayama Branch, Japan
| | - Hiromi Sugawara
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Murayama Branch, Japan
| | - Aya Sato
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Murayama Branch, Japan
| | - Miki Akimoto
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Murayama Branch, Japan
| | | | - Shinji Watanabe
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Murayama Branch, Japan
| | - Hideki Hasegawa
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Murayama Branch, Japan
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7
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Yang J, Huang W, Cheng Y, Chen T, Tan M, Guo Q, Wei H, Zhu F, Kuwahara T, Li X, Zhao X, Hasegawa H, F. Gao G, Wang D. Different Starting Dominant Strain of Seasonal Influenza in China and Other Neighboring Asian Countries in 2019−2020 Winter Season. China CDC Wkly 2020. [DOI: 10.46234/ccdcw2020.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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8
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Takashita E, Ichikawa M, Morita H, Ogawa R, Fujisaki S, Shirakura M, Miura H, Nakamura K, Kishida N, Kuwahara T, Sugawara H, Sato A, Akimoto M, Mitamura K, Abe T, Yamazaki M, Watanabe S, Hasegawa H, Odagiri T. Human-to-Human Transmission of Influenza A(H3N2) Virus with Reduced Susceptibility to Baloxavir, Japan, February 2019. Emerg Infect Dis 2019; 25:2108-2111. [PMID: 31436527 PMCID: PMC6810216 DOI: 10.3201/eid2511.190757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2019, influenza A(H3N2) viruses carrying an I38T substitution in the polymerase acidic gene, which confers reduced susceptibility to baloxavir, were detected in Japan in an infant without baloxavir exposure and a baloxavir-treated sibling. These viruses’ whole-genome sequences were identical, indicating human-to-human transmission. Influenza virus isolates should be monitored for baloxavir susceptibility.
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9
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Takashita E, Morita H, Ogawa R, Nakamura K, Fujisaki S, Shirakura M, Kuwahara T, Kishida N, Watanabe S, Odagiri T. Susceptibility of Influenza Viruses to the Novel Cap-Dependent Endonuclease Inhibitor Baloxavir Marboxil. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:3026. [PMID: 30574137 PMCID: PMC6291754 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitor baloxavir marboxil was approved for the treatment of influenza A and B virus infections in February 2018 in Japan. Because of the need to monitor influenza viruses for reduced susceptibility to this drug, we used two cell-based screening systems - a conventional plaque reduction assay and a focus reduction assay - to evaluate the susceptibility of influenza viruses to baloxavir. First, we generated a reference virus possessing an I38T substitution in the polymerase acidic subunit (PA), which is known to be associated with reduced susceptibility to baloxavir, and demonstrated the validity of our systems using this reference virus. We then determined the susceptibility of a panel of neuraminidase (NA) inhibitor-resistant viruses and their sensitive counterparts to baloxavir. No significant differences in baloxavir susceptibilities were found between the NA inhibitor-resistant and -sensitive viruses. We also examined seasonal influenza viruses isolated during the 2017-2018 influenza season in Japan and found that no currently circulating A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2), or B viruses had significantly reduced susceptibility to baloxavir and none of the viruses possessed an amino acid substitution at PA residue 38. Use of a combination of methods to analyze antiviral susceptibility and detect amino acid substitutions is valuable for monitoring the emergence of baloxavir-resistant viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Takashita
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Morita
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rie Ogawa
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuya Nakamura
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Fujisaki
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shirakura
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kuwahara
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Kishida
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Watanabe
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takato Odagiri
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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10
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Kuwahara T, Takashita E, Fujisaki S, Shirakura M, Nakamura K, Kishida N, Takahashi H, Suzuki N, Kawaoka Y, Watanabe S, Odagiri T. Isolation of an Egg-Adapted Influenza A(H3N2) Virus without Amino Acid Substitutions at the Antigenic Sites of Its Hemagglutinin. Jpn J Infect Dis 2018; 71:234-238. [PMID: 29709975 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2017.551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Antigenic changes in the hemagglutinin protein of recent A(H3N2) viruses often arise when these viruses adapt to their egg host. By serial egg passages of a cell-propagated virus, we successfully isolated an egg-adapted influenza A(H3N2) virus, A/Saitama/103/2014, without amino acid substitutions at the antigenic sites of its hemagglutinin protein but with multiple substitutions in its neuraminidase protein. Antigenic analysis of this egg-adapted A/Saitama/103/2014 virus indicated that its antigenicity did not differ from that of the World Health Organization prototype cell-propagated vaccine virus: A/Hong Kong/4801/2014. Our results suggest that this strategy may facilitate egg-based vaccine production without antigenic alterations in hemagglutinin by egg adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Kuwahara
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
| | - Emi Takashita
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
| | - Seiichiro Fujisaki
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
| | - Masayuki Shirakura
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
| | - Kazuya Nakamura
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
| | - Noriko Kishida
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
| | - Hitoshi Takahashi
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
| | | | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo.,Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo.,Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Shinji Watanabe
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
| | - Takato Odagiri
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
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11
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Nakamura K, Shirakura M, Fujisaki S, Kishida N, Burke DF, Smith DJ, Kuwahara T, Takashita E, Takayama I, Nakauchi M, Chadha M, Potdar V, Bhushan A, Upadhyay BP, Shakya G, Odagiri T, Kageyama T, Watanabe S. Characterization of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses isolated from Nepalese and Indian outbreak patients in early 2015. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2017; 11:399-403. [PMID: 28792671 PMCID: PMC5596518 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We characterized influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 isolates from large‐scale outbreaks that occurred in Nepal and India in early 2015. Although no specific viral features, which may have caused the outbreaks, were identified, an S84N substitution in hemagglutinin was frequently observed. Chronological phylogenetic analysis revealed that these Nepalese and Indian viruses possessing the S84N substitution constitute potential ancestors of the novel genetic subclade 6B.1 virus that spread globally in the following (2015/16) influenza season. Thus, active surveillance of circulating influenza viruses in the Southern Asia region, including Nepal and India, would be beneficial for detecting novel variant viruses prior to their worldwide spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Nakamura
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shirakura
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Fujisaki
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Kishida
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - David F Burke
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Derek J Smith
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tomoko Kuwahara
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Emi Takashita
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ikuyo Takayama
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mina Nakauchi
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mandeep Chadha
- Influenza group, National Institute of Virology, Indian Council of Medical Research, Pune, India
| | - Varsha Potdar
- Influenza group, National Institute of Virology, Indian Council of Medical Research, Pune, India
| | - Arvind Bhushan
- Influenza group, National Institute of Virology, Indian Council of Medical Research, Pune, India
| | | | - Geeta Shakya
- Department of Health Services, National Public Health Laboratory, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Takato Odagiri
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Kageyama
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Watanabe
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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Takasugi N, Goto H, Verrier R, Takasugi M, Kuwahara T, Nakashima T, Kubota T, Kawasaki M, Nishigaki K, Minatoguchi S. P5503Effect of beta-blockade on quantitative microvolt T-wave alternans measured in 24-hour continuous 12-lead ECGs in patients with long QT syndrome. Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx493.p5503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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13
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Takashita E, Fujisaki S, Shirakura M, Nakamura K, Kishida N, Kuwahara T, Shimazu Y, Shimomura T, Watanabe S, Odagiri T. Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus exhibiting enhanced cross-resistance to oseltamivir and peramivir due to a dual H275Y/G147R substitution, Japan, March 2016. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 21:30258. [PMID: 27336226 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2016.21.24.30258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
An influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus carrying a G147R substitution in combination with an H275Y substitution in the neuraminidase protein, which confers cross-resistance to oseltamivir and peramivir, was detected from an immunocompromised inpatient in Japan, March 2016. This dual H275Y/G147R mutant virus exhibited enhanced cross-resistance to both drugs compared with the single H275Y mutant virus and reduced susceptibility to zanamivir, although it showed normal inhibition by laninamivir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Takashita
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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Yamaoka H, Nakayama-Imaohji H, Horiuchi I, Yamasaki H, Nagao T, Fujita Y, Maeda H, Goda H, Kuwahara T. Tetramethylbenzidine method for monitoring the free available chlorine and microbicidal activity of chlorite-based sanitizers under organic-matter-rich environments. Lett Appl Microbiol 2015; 62:47-54. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.12506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Yamaoka
- Department of Microbiology; Faculty of Medicine; Kagawa University; Kagawa Japan
- Honbu Sankei Co. Ltd.; Chuou-ku Osaka Japan
| | - H. Nakayama-Imaohji
- Department of Microbiology; Faculty of Medicine; Kagawa University; Kagawa Japan
| | - I. Horiuchi
- Department of Microbiology; Faculty of Medicine; Kagawa University; Kagawa Japan
- Honbu Sankei Co. Ltd.; Chuou-ku Osaka Japan
| | - H. Yamasaki
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine; Wakayama Medical University Graduate School of Medicine; Wakayama Japan
| | - T. Nagao
- Faculty of Nursing; Shikoku University; Tokushima Japan
| | - Y. Fujita
- Honbu Sankei Co. Ltd.; Chuou-ku Osaka Japan
| | - H. Maeda
- Faculty of Fisheries; Kagoshima University; Kagoshima-shi Kagoshima Japan
| | - H. Goda
- Honbu Sankei Co. Ltd.; Chuou-ku Osaka Japan
| | - T. Kuwahara
- Department of Microbiology; Faculty of Medicine; Kagawa University; Kagawa Japan
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Takashita E, Fujisaki S, Shirakura M, Nakamura K, Kishida N, Kuwahara T, Ohmiya S, Sato K, Ito H, Chiba F, Nishimura H, Shindo S, Watanabe S, Odagiri T. Characterization of an A (H1N1)pdm09 Virus Imported from India in March 2015. Jpn J Infect Dis 2015; 69:83-6. [PMID: 26567835 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2015.460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emi Takashita
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
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17
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Kuwahara T, Markert M, Wauters JP. Protein adsorption on dialyzer membranes influences their biocompatibility properties. Contrib Nephrol 2015; 74:52-7. [PMID: 2562019 DOI: 10.1159/000417470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T Kuwahara
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Watanabe T, Kawakami E, Shoemaker JE, Lopes TJS, Matsuoka Y, Tomita Y, Kozuka-Hata H, Gorai T, Kuwahara T, Takeda E, Nagata A, Takano R, Kiso M, Yamashita M, Sakai-Tagawa Y, Katsura H, Nonaka N, Fujii H, Fujii K, Sugita Y, Noda T, Goto H, Fukuyama S, Watanabe S, Neumann G, Oyama M, Kitano H, Kawaoka Y. Influenza virus-host interactome screen as a platform for antiviral drug development. Cell Host Microbe 2014; 16:795-805. [PMID: 25464832 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Host factors required for viral replication are ideal drug targets because they are less likely than viral proteins to mutate under drug-mediated selective pressure. Although genome-wide screens have identified host proteins involved in influenza virus replication, limited mechanistic understanding of how these factors affect influenza has hindered potential drug development. We conducted a systematic analysis to identify and validate host factors that associate with influenza virus proteins and affect viral replication. After identifying over 1,000 host factors that coimmunoprecipitate with specific viral proteins, we generated a network of virus-host protein interactions based on the stage of the viral life cycle affected upon host factor downregulation. Using compounds that inhibit these host factors, we validated several proteins, notably Golgi-specific brefeldin A-resistant guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 (GBF1) and JAK1, as potential antiviral drug targets. Thus, virus-host interactome screens are powerful strategies to identify targetable host factors and guide antiviral drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tokiko Watanabe
- ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Eiryo Kawakami
- ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Jason E Shoemaker
- ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Tiago J S Lopes
- ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Yukiko Matsuoka
- ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; The Systems Biology Institute, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0071, Japan
| | - Yuriko Tomita
- ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Hiroko Kozuka-Hata
- Medical Proteomics Laboratory, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Takeo Gorai
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 575 Science Drive, Madison, WI 53711, USA
| | - Tomoko Kuwahara
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Eiji Takeda
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nagata
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Ryo Takano
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Maki Kiso
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Makoto Yamashita
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Yuko Sakai-Tagawa
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Katsura
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Naoki Nonaka
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Hiroko Fujii
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Ken Fujii
- ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Sugita
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Takeshi Noda
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Hideo Goto
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fukuyama
- ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Shinji Watanabe
- ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Gabriele Neumann
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 575 Science Drive, Madison, WI 53711, USA
| | - Masaaki Oyama
- Medical Proteomics Laboratory, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kitano
- ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; The Systems Biology Institute, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0071, Japan; Laboratory for Disease Systems Modeling, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 575 Science Drive, Madison, WI 53711, USA; Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
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Imataki O, Kita N, Nakayama-Imaohji H, Kida JI, Kuwahara T, Uemura M. Bronchiolitis and bacteraemia caused by Burkholderia gladioli in a non-lung transplantation patient. New Microbes New Infect 2014; 2:175-6. [PMID: 25566397 PMCID: PMC4265050 DOI: 10.1002/nmi2.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- O Imataki
- Division of Haematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University Kagawa, Japan
| | - N Kita
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University Kagawa, Japan
| | - H Nakayama-Imaohji
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University Kagawa, Japan
| | - J-I Kida
- Division of Haematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University Kagawa, Japan
| | - T Kuwahara
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University Kagawa, Japan
| | - M Uemura
- Division of Haematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University Kagawa, Japan
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20
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Kuwahara T, Takahashi A, Okubo K, Takagi K, Yamao K, Nakashima E, Kawaguchi N, Takigawa M, Watari Y, Sugiyama T, Handa K, Kimura S, Hikita H, Sato A, Aonuma K. Oesophageal cooling with ice water does not reduce the incidence of oesophageal lesions complicating catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: randomized controlled study. Europace 2014; 16:834-9. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/eut368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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21
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Hung NV, Ando H, Thuy TTB, Kuwahara T, Hang NTL, Sakurada S, Thuong PH, Lien LT, Keicho N. Clonal expansion of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates and coexisting drug resistance in patients newly diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis in Hanoi, Vietnam. BMC Res Notes 2013; 6:444. [PMID: 24188178 PMCID: PMC4228276 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-6-444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Newly diagnosed patients without anti-tuberculosis (TB) treatment histories have not often undergone drug susceptibility testing (DST), but have received the standard treatment regimen without information about their DST profiles in many countries with inadequate resources. Methods We collected 346 clinical isolates from previously untreated patients with smear-positive active TB in Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam. Of these, 339 were tested for susceptibility to four first-line anti-TB drugs, including isoniazid (INH), rifampicin (RMP), streptomycin (SM), and ethambutol (EMB), using the proportion method. A pyrazinamidase (PZase) test was used to assess pyrazinamide (PZA) resistance. Results of the culture-based drug susceptibility tests were confirmed by those from reverse hybridization-based line probe assays (LiPAs) that detected mutations associated with RMP, INH, PZA, and fluoroquinolone (FQ) resistance. To investigate a diversity of these strains, IS6110-probed restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) were analyzed. Nucleotide sequences for furA-katG and fabG1-inhA operons, transcription units responsible for INH resistance, were also determined. Results Of the isolates tested, 127 (37.5%) were resistant to at least one of the four drugs, which included 93 (27.4%) isolates that were resistant to INH. RFLP analysis identified four clusters defined by similarity of the band patterns, which accounted for 46.1% of the tested isolates. Among the clustered isolates, 37.7% were resistant to INH, most of which (85.4%) carried a g944c mutation, which causes an S315T amino acid substitution, in the katG gene. Conclusions Our results suggest that drug-resistant strains, particularly those with INH resistance characterized by a single mutation, S315T, are spreading in Hanoi, Vietnam. When RMP resistance is combined with this setting, patients are not easily cured by conventional short-term treatment. We will need to carefully monitor these trends and search for the origins and transmission routes of these strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Van Hung
- Department of Microbiology, National Lung Hospital, 463 Hoang Hoa Tham, Hanoi, Vietnam.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the prevalence of Parkinson's disease (PD) and atypical parkinsonian syndromes (APS) in a rural Japanese district. METHOD Collaboration with the medical institutions, the long-term care insurance system facilities, and the public health office. RESULTS The crude prevalence rates were 175 per 100,000 (95% CI: 143-206) for PD, 18 (8-28) for progressive supranuclear palsy, 17 (7-26) for multiple system atrophy (MSA), and 9 (2-16) for corticobasal degeneration. The age-adjusted prevalence rates were 109 per 100,000 (88-134), 10 (2-17), 13 (4-21), and 6 (0-12), for each condition. There was a preponderance of women with PD and of men with APS. Nine of the 116 PD patients and 7 of the 29 APS patients were newly diagnosed in this study. CONCLUSIONS There are high prevalence rates for PD and APS and suboptimal recognition of APS. This is the first epidemiological prevalence study of MSA from Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Osaki
- Department of Geriatrics, Cardiology and Neurology, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku, Japan.
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Kuriyama H, Sano K, Ishida S, Nohda T, Aya Y, Kuwahara T, Noguchi S, Kiyama S, Tsuda S, Nakano S. Lateral Grain Growth in the Excimer Laser Crystallization of Poly-Si. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-321-657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTWe have succeeded in obtaining nondoped, thin poly-Si film (thickness ∼500Å) with excellent crystallinity and large grain size (Maximum grain size ∼4.5 μ m) by an excimer laser annealing Method, which offers the features of low-temperature processing and a short processing time. The grain size distribution shrinks in the region around 1.5 μ m and this poly-Si film exhibits a strong (111) crystallographic orientation. Poly-Si thin film transistors using these films show quite a high field effect mobility of 440cm2/V · s below 600°C process.
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Kishi J, Nishioka Y, Kuwahara T, Kakiuchi S, Azuma M, Aono Y, Makino H, Kinoshita K, Kishi M, Batmunkh R, Uehara H, Izumi K, Sone S. Blockade of Th1 chemokine receptors ameliorates pulmonary granulomatosis in mice. Eur Respir J 2011; 38:415-24. [PMID: 21273392 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00070610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disease of unknown aetiology. We identified immunological targets for the treatment of pulmonary granulomatosis using a murine model generated with Propionibacterium acnes. Sensitisation and challenge using heat-killed P. acnes and dendritic cells (DCs) were performed to produce pulmonary granulomatosis in C57BL/6 mice. Immunological analyses using ELISA as well as cDNA microarray analysis were used to search for cytokines or chemokines associated with the formation of granulomas in the lungs. Co-administration of P. acnes and DCs reproducibly induced the formation of pulmonary granulomas, which resembled sarcoid granulomas. The cDNA microarray assay demonstrated that the gene expression of CXCL9 and CXCL10, ligands for CXCR3, and of CCL4, a ligand for CCR5, was strongly upregulated during granulomatosis. ELISA confirmed that levels of CXCL9 and CXCL10 as well as T-helper (Th)1 cytokines and chemokines including tumour necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ were elevated in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). The blockade of Th1 chemokine receptors using TAK-779, a dual blocker for CXCR3 and CCR5, led to reduced numbers of CXCR3+CD4+ and CCR5+CD4+ T-cells in BALF. Furthermore, administration of TAK-779 ameliorated the granulomatosis. The targeted inhibition of Th1 chemokines might be useful for inhibiting Th1-biased granulomatous diseases, including sarcoidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kishi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
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Miyazaki S, Kuwahara T, Kobori A, Takahashi Y, Takei A, Sato A, Isobe M, Takahashi A. Long-term clinical outcome of extensive pulmonary vein isolation-based catheter ablation therapy in patients with paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation. Heart 2010; 97:668-73. [DOI: 10.1136/hrt.2009.186874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Miyazaki S, Kuwahara T, Kobori A, Takahashi Y, Takei A, Sato A, Isobe M, Takahashi A. Pharmacological cardioversion preceding left atrial ablation: bepridil predicts the clinical outcome following ablation in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation. Europace 2009; 11:1620-3. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/eup363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Watanabe N, Yashima M, Takeuchi T, Sakaguchi H, Goto H, Kuwabara N, Kuwahara T. [Myers technique and patch enlargement of ascending aorta for diffuse supravalvular aortic stenosis]. Kyobu Geka 2009; 62:1061-1064. [PMID: 19894571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A 6-year-old boy was diagnosed with aggravation of diffuse supravalvular aortic stenosis (SVAS). The pressure gradient between the sinus of Valsalva and ascending aorta was 48 mmHg. The diameter of the sino-tubular junction was 7 mm and the ascending aorta was hypoplastic. We performed Myers operation because 3 sinus reconstructions had resulted in superior hemodynamics and reductions in both mortality rate and need for reoperation. We avoided using autologous pericardium because of the possibility of shrinkage and aneurysm. We could easily perform patch enlargement of the ascending aorta by selective cerebral perfusion. The postoperative course was excellent and there was no SVAS or aortic regurgitation (AR). A catheterization showed the pressure gradient was 5 mmHg with trivial AR upon follow-up at 1 year.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Watanabe
- Department of Congenital Cardiovascular Surgery, Gifu General Hospital, Gifu, Japan
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Yashima M, Takeuchi T, Watanabe N, Kuwahara T, Kuwabara N, Goto H, Sakaguchi H. [Stenosis of left coronary artery ostium by a hypoplastic cusp]. Kyobu Geka 2009; 62:354-357. [PMID: 19425372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Occlusion of a coronary ostium due to fusion of the aortic cusp to the aortic wall is a rare but noteworthy anomaly, because it may cause a sudden death. We report a 9-year-old girl with severe stenosis of the left coronary ostium by the aortic cusp that fused to the aortic wall. The left coronary flow was restored by excision of the adherent left aortic cusp, and aortic valve replacement was performed with the technique of bilateral enlargement of the aortic valve ring (Yamaguchi's method) to prevent prosthesis-patient mismatch in the future. The patient had an uneventful recovery and was discharged 14th postoperative day (POD). Postoperative angiography showed no coronary ostial stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Yashima
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Gifu Prefectural General Medical Center, Gifu, Japan
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Iwai I, Kuwahara T, Hirao T. Vol. 42, No. 1, pp.16-21, 2008
Decrease in the skin transparency induced by protein carbonylation in the stratum corneum. Int J Cosmet Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2494.2008.00450_3.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Nagae T, Mori K, Mukoyama M, Kasahara M, Yokoi H, Suganami T, Sawai K, Yoshioka T, Koshikawa M, Saito Y, Ogawa Y, Kuwabara T, Tanaka I, Sugawara A, Kuwahara T, Nakao K. Adrenomedullin inhibits connective tissue growth factor expression, extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation and renal fibrosis. Kidney Int 2008; 74:70-80. [DOI: 10.1038/ki.2008.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kuwahara T, De Vuyst F, Yamaguchi H. Flow regime classification in air-magnetic fluid two-phase flow. J Phys Condens Matter 2008; 20:204141. [PMID: 21694270 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/20/20/204141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A new experimental/numerical technique of classification of flow regimes (flow patterns) in air-magnetic fluid two-phase flow is proposed in the present paper. The proposed technique utilizes the electromagnetic induction to obtain time-series signals of the electromotive force, allowing us to make a non-contact measurement. Firstly, an experiment is carried out to obtain the time-series signals in a vertical upward air-magnetic fluid two-phase flow. The signals obtained are first treated using two kinds of wavelet transforms. The data sets treated are then used as input vectors for an artificial neural network (ANN) with supervised training. In the present study, flow regimes are classified into bubbly, slug, churn and annular flows, which are generally the main flow regimes. To validate the flow regimes, a visualization experiment is also performed with a glycerin solution that has roughly the same physical properties, i.e., kinetic viscosity and surface tension, as a magnetic fluid used in the present study. The flow regimes from the visualization are used as targets in an ANN and also used in the estimation of the accuracy of the present method. As a result, ANNs using radial basis functions are shown to be the most appropriate for the present classification of flow regimes, leading to small classification errors.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kuwahara
- Ecole Centrale Paris, Laboratoire Mathématiques Appliquées aux Systèmes, Grande Voie des Vignes 92295 Châtenay-Malabry, France. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tataramiyakodani, Kyotanabe-shi, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
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Kawamata Y, Kuwahara T, Kodama R, Yoneda J, Torii K, Sakai R. LB034 DIETARY GLUTAMIC ACID INCREASED POSTPRANDIAL AVAILABILITY OF ALANINE AND BRANCHED CHAIN AMINO ACIDS IN RATS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1744-1161(08)70514-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ko KS, Kuwahara T, Haehwa L, Yoon YJ, Kim BJ, Lee KH, Ohnishi Y, Kook YH. RNA polymerase β-subunit gene (rpoB) sequence analysis for the identification of Bacteroides spp. Clin Microbiol Infect 2007; 13:48-54. [PMID: 17184287 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2006.01553.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Partial rpoB sequences (317 bp) of 11 species of Bacteroides, two Porphyromonas spp. and two Prevotella spp. were compared to delineate the genetic relationships among Bacteroides and closely related anaerobic species. The high level of inter-species sequence dissimilarities (7.6-20.8%) allowed the various Bacteroides spp. to be distinguished. The position of the Bacteroides distasonis and Bacteriodes merdae cluster in the rpoB tree was different from the position in the 16S rRNA gene tree. Based on rpoB sequence similarity and clustering in the rpoB tree, it was possible to correctly re-identify 80 clinical isolates of Bacteroides. In addition to two subgroups, cfiA-negative (division I) and cfiA-positive (division II), of Bacteroides fragilis isolates, two distinct subgroups were also found among Bacteroides ovatus and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron isolates. Bacteroides genus-specific rpoB PCR and B. fragilis species-specific rpoB PCR allowed Bacteroides spp. to be differentiated from Porphyromonas and Prevotella spp., and also allowed B. fragilis to be differentiated from other non-fragilisBacteroides spp. included in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Ko
- Asian-Pacific Research Foundation for Infectious Diseases (ARFID) and Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Watanabe N, Yashima M, Takeuchi T, Sakaguchi H, Goto H, Kuwabara N, Kuwahara T. [Primary biventricular repair for interrupted aortic arch with left ventricular outflow tract obstruction and tricuspid valve regurgitation; report of a case]. Kyobu Geka 2006; 59:1107-9. [PMID: 17094551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
An interrupted aortic arch was diagnosed in a 10-day-old girl weighing 3.3 kg, as was perimembranous ventricular septal defect (VSD) and severe tricuspid valve regurgitation (TR). The subaortic diameter was 3.6 mm and the aortic valve (3.7 mm in diameter) was bicuspid. We chose definitive repair, modified Yasui procedure, because of severe TR and no straddling of mitral valve. In primary biventricular repair, we undertook extended aortic arch anastomosis. Left ventricular outflow tract reconstruction consisted of intracardiac rerouting from the VSD to the pulmonary artery by using expanded-polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) and Damus-Kaye-Stansel (DKS) anastomosis. Right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction was performed by the Rastelli procedure with an ePTFE valved conduit. Moreover, we carried out semicircular annuloplasty for severe TR.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Watanabe
- Department of Congenital Cardiovascular Surgery, Gifu Hospital, Gifu, Japan
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Kondo N, Hirai Y, Kuwahara T, Ooue A, AKM S, Inoue Y, Koga S, Nishiyasu T. Heat Loss Responses during Dynamic Exercise with Working Muscle Ischemia in Humans. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2006. [DOI: 10.1249/00005768-200605001-02380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Inoue Y, Nakamura S, Yonehiro K, Kuwahara T, Ueda H, Araki T. Regional differences in peripheral vasoconstriction of prepubertal boys. Eur J Appl Physiol 2005; 96:397-403. [PMID: 16328194 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-005-0080-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
To elucidate the mechanisms that underlie the greater decline of skin temperature on the limbs in prepubertal boys as compared to young men, we compared cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) of the boys and men in response to a reduced ambient temperature (T (a)). The boys had a greater surface area-to-mass ratio (A (D)/mass) and a lower mean skinfold thickness on the trunk but not on the limbs compared to the men. As T (a) decreased from 30 to 17 degrees C over 60 min, the skin temperature (T (sl)) on the limbs (as represented by forearm, finger and thigh) decreased significantly more in the boys than in the men; while T (sl) on the trunk (chest, back and abdomen) and forehead decreased to the same extent. The CVC decreased at all body sites in all subjects, but regional difference existed in age-related alterations in CVC responses despite the similar rectal and mean body temperatures of the groups. The decline in the finger CVC was greater for the boys than for the men, suggesting that greater vasoconstriction and greater A (D)/mass on the fingers may have contributed to the lower finger T (sl) of the boys. However, thigh CVC in the boys was similar to that in the men over the 60-minute exposure, indicating that the lower thigh T (sl) of the boys may be the result of greater heat loss owing to the greater A (D)/mass on the limbs of the boys (but not to greater vasoconstriction or subcutaneous fat). The CVC on the chest and back was greater in the boys over the cold exposure, suggesting that similar T (sl )on the chest and back of the boys and men may result from greater cooling owing to the larger A (D)/mass being offset by combination of less vasoconstriction and more conductive heat transfer in the presence of less subcutaneous fat. These results suggest that the age-related difference in T (sl) in response to mild cold stress may not directly reflect that in cutaneous vasoconstriction alone owing to the differences in anthropometric characteristics (such as greater A (D)/mass and lower subcutaneous fat on trunk) between boys and men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimitsu Inoue
- Laboratory for Human Performance Research, Osaka International University, 6-21-57 Tohda-cho, Moriguchi, 570-8555 Osaka, Japan.
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Kuwahara T, Inoue Y, Abe M, Sato Y, Kondo N. Effects of menstrual cycle and physical training on heat loss responses during dynamic exercise at moderate intensity in a temperate environment. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2005; 288:R1347-53. [PMID: 15677525 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00547.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of the menstrual cycle and physical training on heat loss (sweating and cutaneous vasodilation) responses during moderate exercise in a temperate environment. Ten untrained (group U) and seven endurance-trained (group T) women (maximal O2 uptake of 36.7 ± 1.1 vs. 49.4 ± 1.7 ml·kg−1·min−1, respectively; P < 0.05) performed a cycling exercise at 50% maximal O2 uptake for 30 min during both the midfollicular and midluteal menstrual phase in a temperate environment (ambient temperature of 25°C, relative humidity of 45%). In group U, plasma levels of estrone, estradiol, and progesterone at rest and esophageal temperature (Tes) during exercise were significantly higher during the midluteal than during the midfollicular phase ( P < 0.05). Sweating rate and cutaneous blood flow (measured via laser-Doppler flowmetry) on the chest, back, forearm, and thigh were lower during the midluteal than during the midfollicular phase during exercise. Tes threshold for heat loss responses was significantly higher and sensitivity of the heat loss responses was significantly lower in the midluteal than in the midfollicular phase, regardless of body site. These effects of the menstrual cycle in group U were not observed in group T. The sweating rate and cutaneous blood flow were significantly higher in group T than in group U, regardless of menstrual phase or body site. Tes threshold for heat loss responses was significantly lower and sensitivity of heat loss responses was significantly greater in group T than in group U in the midluteal phase; however, sensitivity of the sweating response was significantly greater in the midfollicular phase. These results suggest that heat loss responses in group U were inhibited in the midluteal phase compared with in the midfollicular phase. Menstrual cycle had no remarkable effects in group T. Physical training improved heat loss responses, which was more marked in the midluteal than in the midfollicular phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Kuwahara
- Laboratory for Applied Human Physiology, Faculty of Human Development, Kobe Univ. 3-11 Tsurukabuto, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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Kuwahara T, Ogura Y, Shamsuddin AK, Ooue A, Inoue Y, Kondo N. Effects Of Short-term Endurance Training On Heat Loss Responses During Moderate Exercise In Young Women. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2005. [DOI: 10.1249/00005768-200505001-00992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kuwahara T, Inoue Y, Taniguchi M, Ogura Y, Ueda H, Kondo N. Effects of physical training on heat loss responses of young women to passive heating in relation to menstrual cycle. Eur J Appl Physiol 2005; 94:376-85. [PMID: 15864636 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-005-1329-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
To examine the effects of physical training on cutaneous vasodilation and sweating responses of young women in the follicular and luteal phase, 11 physically trained (T group) and 13 untrained (U group) women were passively heated by lower-leg immersion into hot water of 42 degrees C (ambient temperature of 30 degrees C and 45%RH) for 60 min in their mid-follicular and mid-luteal phases of the menstrual cycle. Female hormones increased significantly from the mid-follicular to the mid-luteal phase in T and U groups, but the degree of increase was significantly lower in T group. Mean body temperature (T(B)) thresholds for cutaneous vasodilation and sweating responses were significantly lower in T group than in U group, in both the menstrual phases, and the differences between the groups were greatest during the mid-luteal phase. The slope of the relationship between frequency of sweat expulsion (F(sw)) and (T(B)), and between local sweating rate and F(sw) was significantly greater in T group, although the slope of the relationship between cutaneous blood flow and (T(B)) did not differ between the groups, regardless of body site or menstrual phase. These results suggest that regular physical activity enhanced sweating and cutaneous vasodilation in young women. The enhancement of sweating was due to both central and peripheral mechanisms, and the enhancement of cutaneous vasodilation was possibly due to a central mechanism. Enhancement of heat loss responses via central mechanisms was greater during the mid-luteal phase than in the mid-follicular phase because the elevation of female reproductive hormone levels during the mid-luteal phase was relatively low in T group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Kuwahara
- Laboratory for Human Performance Research, Osaka International University, Moriguchi, Japan
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Shamsuddin AKM, Kuwahara T, Oue A, Nomura C, Koga S, Inoue Y, Kondo N. Effect of skin temperature on the ion reabsorption capacity of sweat glands during exercise in humans. Eur J Appl Physiol 2005; 94:442-7. [PMID: 15843956 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-005-1354-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The effect of skin temperature on the ion reabsorption capacity of sweat glands during exercise in humans is unknown. In this study, eight healthy subjects performed a 60-min cycling exercise at a constant intensity (60% VO(2max)) under moderate (25 degrees C) and cool (15 degrees C) ambient temperatures at a constant relative humidity of 40%. The sweating rate (SR), index of sweat ion concentration (ISIC) by using sweat conductivity, esophageal temperature (Tes), mean skin temperature, and heart rate (HR) were measured continuously under both ambient temperatures. The SR and ISIC were significantly lower at the cool ambient temperature versus the moderate temperature. There were no significant differences in the changes in HR and esophageal temperature between these ambient temperature conditions, while the mean skin temperature was significantly lower at the cool ambient temperature by almost 3 degrees C (P < 0.05). The slopes of the relationships between Tes and the SR and ISIC were significantly lower and the thresholds of these relationships were significantly higher at the cool ambient temperature (P < 0.05). The ion reabsorption capacity of the sweat glands was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in a cool environment (0.21 +/- 0.04 vs. 0.52 +/- 0.06 mg/cm(2)/min at 15 and 25 degrees C, respectively) as evaluated using the relationships for SR and ISIC. The results suggest that the ion reabsorption capacity of the sweat glands is influenced by skin temperature during exercise in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K M Shamsuddin
- Laboratory for Applied Human Physiology, Faculty of Human Development, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Japan
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Abstract
This paper addresses the ways in which heat loss effector functions change with maturation and aging, using data obtained in our laboratory. Prepubertal children have an underdeveloped sweat function compared with young adults; this is compensated by a greater surface area-to-mass ratio and relatively greater heat loss from cutaneous vasodilation on the head and trunk when the air temperature is lower than the skin temperature. As the heat dissipation depends greatly on the evaporation of sweat, the core temperature of prepubertal children is greater than that of young adults owing to the underdevelopment of sweating. In the elderly the heat loss effector function decreases with aging. The decrease may first involve cutaneous vasodilation, then sweat output per gland, and finally active sweat gland density; and it may proceed from the lower limbs to the back of the upper body, the front of the upper body, then the upper limbs and finally to the head.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimitsu Inoue
- Laboratory for Human Performance Research, Osaka International University, 6-21-57 Tohda-cho, Moriguchi, Osaka 570-8555, Japan.
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Shamsuddin AKM, Yanagimoto S, Kuwahara T, Zhang Y, Nomura C, Kondo N. Changes in the index of sweat ion concentration with increasing sweat during passive heat stress in humans. Eur J Appl Physiol 2005; 94:292-7. [PMID: 15765239 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-005-1314-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the pattern changes in the index of sweat ion concentration at skin surface with increasing sweat during passive heat stress in humans, we measured conductivity of the perfused water with sweat as the index of sweat ion concentration and sweat rate, continuously at the chest skin surface. Eight healthy subjects (22.4 +/-1.0 years) were passively heated by lower-leg immersion in a hot water bath of 42 degrees C for 50 min in an ambient temperature of 28 degrees C and relative humidity of 50%. The internal temperature (Tor) thresholds of sweat rate and index of sweat ion concentration were almost similar. Concomitant onset for the index of sweat ion concentration and sweat rate occurred but two types of linear regression lines were identified in the relationship between the index of sweat ion concentration and sweat rate at a boundary sweat rate value of 0.30 +/- 0.08 mg cm(-2) min(-1). The slope of the regression line at low levels of sweat (slope 0.02 +/- 0.01 V mg(-1) cm(-2) min(-1)) was significantly gradual compared with that at moderate levels of sweat (slope 0.30 +/- 0.08 V mg(-1) cm(-2) min(-1)) (P<0.05). These results suggest that at low levels of sweat the index of sweat ion concentration responds gradually with respect to sweat rate, which may be due to the ion reabsorption capacity of the sweat duct, and then the index of sweat ion concentration increased steeply with sweat rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K M Shamsuddin
- Laboratory for Applied Human Physiology, Faculty of Human Development, Kobe University, 3-11Tsurukabuto, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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Inoue Y, Tanaka Y, Omori K, Kuwahara T, Ogura Y, Ueda H. Sex- and menstrual cycle-related differences in sweating and cutaneous blood flow in response to passive heat exposure. Eur J Appl Physiol 2005; 94:323-32. [PMID: 15729550 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-004-1303-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2004] [Accepted: 12/02/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
To examine sex- and menstrual cycle-related differences in thermoregulatory responses to heat exposure, ten young women and six young men were heated passively by immersing their legs in water heated to 42 degrees C for 60 min (in ambient conditions of 30 degrees C and 45% relative humidity). The women underwent heat exposure during the mid-follicular (F) and mid-luteal (L) phases of the menstrual cycle, which were confirmed by assaying plasma female reproductive hormones. The rectal and mean body (T(b)) temperatures of women in the L phase were significantly greater than those of women in the F phase and of men during a pre-heating equilibration period (28 degrees C) and during heat exposure. During heat exposure, the local sweat rates (m(sw)) on the forehead, chest, back, and forearm of women in either phase were significantly lower than those of men, but the thigh (m(sw)) was similar to that of men. The m(sw) did not change at any site during the different phases of the menstrual cycle. The cutaneous blood flow (%LDF) was significantly greater on the thigh for women in either phase compared with men, but no difference was found at any other site (forehead, chest, back, and forearm). The %LDF on the back was significantly greater for women in the L phase than in the F phase, but those at other sites were similar in both phases. We conclude that, compared with men, heat loss from women depends more on cutaneous vasodilation (especially on the thigh) than on sweating, irrespective of the phase of the menstrual cycle. This phenomenon was due to peripheral mechanisms, as reflected in the greater slope of the relationship between %LDF and T(b) lower slope of the relationship between m(sw)) and frequency of sweat expulsion, and lower sweat output per gland. The menstrual cycle modified the T(b) threshold for vasodilation and sweat onset in women. Therefore, the sex difference in the T(b) threshold was more marked for women during the L phase than during the F phase. Moreover, the menstrual cycle modified the slope of the relationship between %LDF on the back and T(b).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimitsu Inoue
- Laboratory for Human Performance Research, Osaka International University, 6-21-57 Tohda-Cho, Moriguchi, Osaka 570-8555, Japan.
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Takiguchi M, Takeuchi T, Yashima M, Kuwahara T, Kuwabara N, Goto H, Adachi S. [Sandwich technique for closing of the large muscular Swiss-cheese type ventricular septal defects]. Kyobu Geka 2005; 58:123-7. [PMID: 15724474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
A 9-year-old girl, who has had a diagnosis as a Taussig-Bing anomary, underwent an original Jatene procedure (o-J) 2 months after birth. This time, she had a diagnosis of the muscular multiple ventricular septal defects (mVSD) and pulmonary stenosis after o-J. The mVSD was Swiss-cheese type and was large from the proximal of the infundibular septum to the apex and posterior of the septum. It was closed by the sandwich technique using a pair of felt patches, which of one was placed at right ventricular side and the other was at left ventricular side, slightly larger than the whole area of the mVSD. The patch fixation was placed with 1 stitch at the center between the patches and a few stitches around the right ventricular side patch to the ventricular septum. Postoperative cardiac function was uneventful regardless of the very large patches placed at the ventricular septum and the cardiac catheterization after 1 year postoperatively showed the pulmonary/systemic blood flow ratio was 1.0. This technique for the closure of the large Swiss-cheese type mVSD can be considered to be very effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Takiguchi
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Gifu Prefectural Gifu Hospital, Gifu, Japan
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Kasuno K, Ueda S, Tanaka A, Tanaka-Kasuno Y, Kuwahara T. Pulmonary angiomyolipoma recurring 26 years after nephrectomy for angiomyolipoma: benign clinical course. Clin Nephrol 2005; 62:469-72. [PMID: 15630908 DOI: 10.5414/cnp62469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiomyolipoma (AML), a benign renal tumor, has various clinical forms, and the nature of AML is not sufficiently understood because of few reports of long-term observation. We report a 57-year-old female without tuberous sclerosis who developed multiple pulmonary AML 26 years after a right nephrectomy for renal AML. A computed tomogram demonstrated multifocal round lesions with lipid-like density throughout both lung fields. An open lung biopsy revealed a histological diagnosis of pulmonary AML. An abdominal computed tomogram was also compatible with splenic AML. She has been in good health for 12 years since the lung biopsy over the 38 years since the nephrectomy. This case suggests that multicentric AML can recur at distant organs even after long-term silence in a patient who has a past history of renal AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kasuno
- Department of Biological Responses, Laboratory of Infection and Prevention, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Bunpo P, Kataoka K, Arimochi H, Nakayama H, Kuwahara T, Bando Y, Izumi K, Vinitketkumnuen U, Ohnishi Y. Inhibitory effects of Centella asiatica on azoxymethane-induced aberrant crypt focus formation and carcinogenesis in the intestines of F344 rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2004; 42:1987-97. [PMID: 15500935 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2004.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2003] [Accepted: 06/24/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Effects of the water extract of Centella asiatica Linn. on formation of azoxymethane (AOM)-induced aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and intestinal tumorigenesis in male F344 rats were investigated. Treatment with the extract significantly decreased the number of larger ACF (with four or more crypts per focus) in the large intestine in the early stage, while the number of methylated DNA adducts was not decreased compared with that in the AOM-treated group. In the post-initiation stage, the extract significantly decreased the total number of ACF and the number of larger ACF, accompanied by a decrease in the 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine-labeling index and an increase in the induction of apoptotic cells in the colonic mucosa. The incidences of neoplasms, the numbers of adenocarcinomas in the small intestines and entire intestines, and sizes of neoplasms in the entire intestines in rats fed C. asiatica extract at a dose of 10 mg/kg were smaller than those in rats given AOM alone (p < 0.05). The extract at a dose of 100 mg/kg significantly reduced the multiplicity of neoplasms in the small intestine (p < 0.05). These results suggest that inhibition of the formation of AOM-induced ACF by C. asiatica extract is associated with modification of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis in colonic crypts and that the extract has a chemopreventive effect on colon tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bunpo
- Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
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Murakami E, Nagatsu M, Takeuchi T, Yashima M, Kuwahara T, Yamada K, Kuwabara N, Goto H, Nagasawa H. [Successful staged repair of a symptomatic neonate of tetralogy of Fallot with severe absent pulmonary valve syndrome]. Kyobu Geka 2004; 57:921-7. [PMID: 15462340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Tetralogy of Fallot with absent pulmonary valve has been classified to a few groups. The most severe one is characterized by symptomatic onset immediately after birth. The others are no or slightly symptomatic at least during their neonatal period. In a severely symptomatic 12-day-old neonate of tetralogy of Fallot with absent pulmonary valve who had required intubation immediately after birth, tight pulmonary banding and left side modified Blalock-Taussig shunt were performed on emergency basis. Consequently, prior massive pulmonary regurgitation was decreased significantly. Forty-five days after this first stage operation, he weaned from respiratory management. At 1-year-old, radical repair based on conotruncal repair, which consisted of patch closure of ventricular septal defect preserving the tricuspid septal leaflet function, resection of anterior wall of enlarged left pulmonary artery, and right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction using autologous tissue and a pericardial patch was performed. Bicuspid pulmonary valve, posterior one of procured autologous pulmonary wall and anterior one of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) respectively, was created to minimize deterioration of the pulmonary insufficiency. Although postoperative cardiac function was kept feasible showing his central venous pressure of 7 mmHg in the main, postoperative general course was eventful especially regarding the respiratory function. The patient was weaned from the prolonged ventilator management 5 months after this radical repair eventually. Generally, to diminish the massive pulmonary regurgitation in early lifetime period could reduce a progressive airway obstruction and minimize pulmonary tissue damage. However, even after the total correction in this case, considerable peripheral segmental pulmonary obstructive lesions were persistent according to the perfusion lung scanning with 99mTc macroaggregated albumin and 99mTechnegas ventilation lung scanning studies. This persistent, supposed to be innate, pulmonary obstructive lesions might prevent ordinal recovery after cardiac radical repair for this most severe subtype of absent pulmonary valve syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Murakami
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Gifu Prefectural Gifu Hospital, Gifu, Japan
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Takiguchi M, Yashima M, Takeuchi T, Adachi S, Goto H, Kuwabara N, Kuwahara T. [Valvuloplasty for mitral regurgitation immediately following Kawasaki disease without abnormal coronary arteries lesion; report of a case]. Kyobu Geka 2004; 57:969-72. [PMID: 15462350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
It is not uncommon that valve disease is complicated with Kawasaki disease (KD). However, it is rare to show normal coronary arteries simultaneously. We experienced a case of valvuloplasty towards the mitral regurgitation (MR) followed immediately after KD showing normal coronary arteries. A 3 year-old-female, with a diagnosis of KD at 4 months after birth, was referred to our hospital 5 months after birth. The echocardiography detected a moderate MR. The preoperative catheterization at 2.5 years old showed grade III MR, enlargement of left atrium and left ventricle, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) = 12 mmHg, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) = 675, and normal coronary arteries. Pulmonary hypertention was not revealed. The operative findings showed mitral valve prolapse due to the elongation of the chordae of the anterior leaflet. She underwent artificial chordal reconstruction using expanded polytetrafluoroethylene sutures and mitral annuloplasty by Kay-Reed method. The postoperative course was uneventful, and she was discharged on postoperative day 19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Takiguchi
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Gifu Prefectural Gifu Hospital, Gifu, Japan
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Sawada N, Kataoka K, Kondo K, Arimochi H, Fujino H, Takahashi Y, Miyoshi T, Kuwahara T, Monden Y, Ohnishi Y. Betulinic acid augments the inhibitory effects of vincristine on growth and lung metastasis of B16F10 melanoma cells in mice. Br J Cancer 2004; 90:1672-8. [PMID: 15083202 PMCID: PMC2409700 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6601746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the antitumour effect of a combination of betulinic acid (BA) and vincristine (VCR) on murine melanoma B16F10 cells in vitro and in vivo. Betulinic acid, a pentacyclic triterpene, showed a synergistic cytotoxic effect on melanoma cells by combinational use of VCR. Betulinic acid and VCR induced cell cycle arrest at different points (BA at G1 phase and VCR at G2/M phase) and caused apoptosis in B16F10 melanoma cells. In the in vivo study, VCR inhibited metastasis of tumour cells to the lung. The addition of BA to VCR augmented suppression of the experimental lung metastasis of melanoma cells in C57BL/6 mice. The number of lung nodules of more than 1 mm in diameter in mice treated with BA and VCR was less than that in mice treated with VCR alone. These results suggest that BA is an effective supplement for enhancing the chemotherapeutic effect on malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sawada
- Department of Oncological and Regenerative Surgery, School of Medicine, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
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Kondo N, Yanagimoto S, Kuwahara T, Zhang Y, Koga S, Inoue Y. Heat Loss Responses at the Onset of Dynamic Exercise in Endurancetrained Men Under Mildly Heated Conditions. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2004. [DOI: 10.1249/00005768-200405001-01506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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