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Bai X, Chen H, Ren X, Zhong L, Wang X, Ji X, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Bian X. Heterologous Biosynthesis of Complex Bacterial Natural Products in Burkholderia gladioli. ACS Synth Biol 2023; 12:3072-3081. [PMID: 37708405 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.3c00389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial natural products (NPs) are an indispensable source of drugs and biopesticides. Heterologous expression is an essential method for discovering bacterial NPs and the efficient biosynthesis of valuable NPs, but the chassis for Gram-negative bacterial NPs remains inadequate. In this study, we built a Burkholderiales mutant Burkholderia gladioli Δgbn::attB by introducing an integrated site (attB) to inactivate the native gladiolin (gbn) biosynthetic gene cluster, which stabilizes large foreign gene clusters and reduces the native metabolite profile. The growth and successful heterologous production of high-value NPs such as phylogenetically close Burkholderiales-derived antitumor polyketides (PKs) rhizoxins, phylogenetically distant Gammaproteobacteria-derived anti-MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) antibiotics WAP-8294As, and Deltaproteobacteria-derived antitumor PKs disorazols demonstrate that this strain is a potential chassis for Gram-negative bacterial NPs. We further improved the yields of WAP-8294As through promoter insertions and precursor pathway overexpression based on heterologous expression in this strain. This study provides a robust bacterial chassis for genome mining, efficient production, and molecular engineering of bacterial NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianping Bai
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-Infectives, Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Hanna Chen
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-Infectives, Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Xiangmei Ren
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-Infectives, Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Lin Zhong
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-Infectives, Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Xingyan Wang
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-Infectives, Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Xiaoqi Ji
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-Infectives, Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Youming Zhang
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-Infectives, Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, and Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
| | - Xiaoying Bian
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-Infectives, Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring & Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
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Chen H, Bai X, Sun T, Wang X, Zhang Y, Bian X, Zhou H. The Genomic-Driven Discovery of Glutarimide-Containing Derivatives from Burkholderia gladioli. Molecules 2023; 28:6937. [PMID: 37836780 PMCID: PMC10574677 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutarimide-containing polyketides exhibiting potent antitumor and antimicrobial activities were encoded via conserved module blocks in various strains that favor the genomic mining of these family compounds. The bioinformatic analysis of the genome of Burkholderia gladioli ATCC 10248 showed a silent trans-AT PKS biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) on chromosome 2 (Chr2C8), which was predicted to produce new glutarimide-containing derivatives. Then, the silent polyketide synthase gene cluster was successfully activated via in situ promoter insertion and heterologous expression. As a result, seven glutarimide-containing analogs, including five new ones, gladiofungins D-H (3-7), and two known gladiofungin A/gladiostatin (1) and 2 (named gladiofungin C), were isolated from the fermentation of the activated mutant. Their structures were elucidated through the analysis of HR-ESI-MS and NMR spectroscopy. The structural diversities of gladiofungins may be due to the degradation of the butenolide group in gladiofungin A (1) during the fermentation and extraction process. Bioactivity screening showed that 2 and 4 had moderate anti-inflammatory activities. Thus, genome mining combined with promoter engineering and heterologous expression were proved to be effective strategies for the pathway-specific activation of the silent BGCs for the directional discovery of new natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Chen
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-Infectives, Shandong University–Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (H.C.); (X.B.); (T.S.); (X.W.)
- School of Medicine, Linyi University, Shuangling Road, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Xianping Bai
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-Infectives, Shandong University–Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (H.C.); (X.B.); (T.S.); (X.W.)
| | - Tao Sun
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-Infectives, Shandong University–Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (H.C.); (X.B.); (T.S.); (X.W.)
| | - Xingyan Wang
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-Infectives, Shandong University–Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (H.C.); (X.B.); (T.S.); (X.W.)
| | - Youming Zhang
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-Infectives, Shandong University–Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (H.C.); (X.B.); (T.S.); (X.W.)
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaoying Bian
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-Infectives, Shandong University–Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (H.C.); (X.B.); (T.S.); (X.W.)
| | - Haibo Zhou
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-Infectives, Shandong University–Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (H.C.); (X.B.); (T.S.); (X.W.)
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Earhart AP, Karasseva NG, Storey KM, Olthoff B, Sarker MB, Laffey KG, Lange MJ, Rector RS, Schulz LC, Gil D, Neuhauser CM, Schrum AG. Lower female survival from an opportunistic infection reveals progesterone-driven sex bias in trained immunity. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113007. [PMID: 37590139 PMCID: PMC10528383 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune responses differ between females and males, although such sex-based variance is incompletely understood. Observing that bacteremia of the opportunistic pathogen Burkholderia gladioli caused many more deaths of female than male mice bearing genetic deficiencies in adaptive immunity, we determined that this was associated with sex bias in the innate immune memory response called trained immunity. Female attenuation of trained immunity varies with estrous cycle stage and correlates with serum progesterone, a hormone that decreases glycolytic capacity and recall cytokine secretion induced by antigen non-specific stimuli. Progesterone receptor antagonism rescues female trained immune responses and survival from controlled B. gladioli infection to magnitudes similar to those of males. These data demonstrate progesterone-dependent sex bias in trained immunity where attenuation of female responses is associated with survival outcomes from opportunistic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P Earhart
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Natalia G Karasseva
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Kathryn M Storey
- Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts & Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Benjamin Olthoff
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Md Bodruzzaman Sarker
- Division of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food & Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Kimberly G Laffey
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Margaret J Lange
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - R Scott Rector
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial VA Hospital, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; NextGen Precision Health Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Laura C Schulz
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, & Women's Health, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Diana Gil
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; NextGen Precision Health Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Department of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Claudia M Neuhauser
- Division of Research, Department of Mathematics, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Adam G Schrum
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Division of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food & Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; NextGen Precision Health Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Department of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
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Das J, Kumar R, Yadav SK, Jha G. Nicotinic Acid Catabolism Modulates Bacterial Mycophagy in Burkholderia gladioli Strain NGJ1. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0445722. [PMID: 37014254 PMCID: PMC10269826 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04457-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia gladioli strain NGJ1 exhibits mycophagous activity on a broad range of fungi, including Rhizoctonia solani, a devastating plant pathogen. Here, we demonstrate that the nicotinic acid (NA) catabolic pathway in NGJ1 is required for mycophagy. NGJ1 is auxotrophic to NA and it potentially senses R. solani as a NA source. Mutation in the nicC and nicX genes involved in NA catabolism renders defects in mycophagy and the mutant bacteria are unable to utilize R. solani extract as the sole nutrient source. As supplementation of NA, but not FA (fumaric acid, the end product of NA catabolism) restores the mycophagous ability of ΔnicC/ΔnicX mutants, we anticipate that NA is not required as a carbon source for the bacterium during mycophagy. Notably, nicR, a MarR-type of transcriptional regulator that functions as a negative regulator of the NA catabolic pathway is upregulated in ΔnicC/ΔnicX mutant and upon NA supplementation the nicR expression is reduced to the basal level in both the mutants. The ΔnicR mutant produces excessive biofilm and is completely defective in swimming motility. On the other hand, ΔnicC/ΔnicX mutants are compromised in swimming motility as well as biofilm formation, potentially due to the upregulation of nicR. Our data suggest that a defect in NA catabolism alters the NA pool in the bacterium and upregulates nicR which in turn suppresses bacterial motility as well as biofilm formation, leading to mycophagy defects. IMPORTANCE Mycophagy is an important trait through which certain bacteria forage over fungal mycelia and utilize fungal biomass as a nutrient source to thrive in hostile environments. The present study emphasizes that nicotinic acid (NA) is important for bacterial motility and biofilm formation during mycophagy by Burkholderia gladioli strain NGJ1. Defects in NA catabolism potentially alter the cellular NA pool, upregulate the expression of nicR, a negative regulator of biofilm, and therefore suppress bacterial motility as well as biofilm formation, leading to mycophagy defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyati Das
- Plant Microbe Interactions Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Plant Microbe Interactions Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Yadav
- Plant Microbe Interactions Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Gopaljee Jha
- Plant Microbe Interactions Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
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Zheng J, Liu L, Li X, Xu Z, Gai Z, Zhang X, Lei H, Shen X. Rapid and Simple Detection of Burkholderia gladioli in Food Matrices Using RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a Method. Foods 2023; 12:foods12091760. [PMID: 37174300 PMCID: PMC10178126 DOI: 10.3390/foods12091760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic variants of Burkholderia gladioli pose a serious threat to human health and food safety, but there is a lack of rapid and sensitive field detection methods for Burkholderia gladioli. In this study, the CRISPR/Cas12a system combined with recombinant enzyme polymerase amplification (RPA) was used to detect Burkholderia gladioli in food. The optimized RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a assay was able to specifically and stably detect Burkholderia gladioli at a constant 37 °C without the assistance of large equipment. The detection limit of the method was evaluated at two aspects, the genomic DNA (gDNA) level and bacterial quantity, of which there were 10-3 ng/μL and 101 CFU/mL, respectively. Three kinds of real food samples were tested. The detection limit for rice noodles, fresh white noodles, and glutinous rice flour samples was 101 CFU/mL, 102 CFU/mL, and 102 CFU/mL, respectively, without any enrichment steps. The whole detection process, including sample pretreatment and DNA extraction, did not exceed one hour. Compared with the qPCR method, the established RPA-CRISPR /Cas12a method was simpler and even more sensitive. Using this method, a visual detection of Burkholderia gladioli that is suitable for field detection can be achieved quickly and easily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Machining and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Li Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Machining and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiangmei Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Machining and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhenlin Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Machining and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zuoqi Gai
- Guangzhou Editgene Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Guangzhou Editgene Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Hongtao Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Machining and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xing Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Machining and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Yang C, Wang Z, Wan J, Qi T, Zou L. Burkholderia gladioli strain KJ-34 exhibits broad-spectrum antifungal activity. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1097044. [PMID: 36938063 PMCID: PMC10020716 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1097044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Plant pathogens are one of the major constraints on worldwide food production. The antibiotic properties of microbes identified as effective in managing plant pathogens are well documented. METHODS Here, we used antagonism experiments and untargeted metabolomics to isolate the potentially antifungal molecules produced by KJ-34. RESULTS KJ-34 is a potential biocontrol bacterium isolated from the rhizosphere soil of rice and can fight multiple fungal pathogens (i.e. Ustilaginoidea virens, Alternaria solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Phytophthora capsica, Corynespora cassiicola). The favoured fermentation conditions are determined and the fermentation broth treatment can significantly inhibit the infection of Magnaporthe oryzae and Botryis cinerea. The fermentation broth suppression ratio is 75% and 82%, respectively. Fermentation broth treatment disrupted the spore germination and led to malformation of hyphae. Additionally, we found that the molecular weight of antifungal products were less than 1000 Da through semipermeable membranes on solid medium assay. To search the potentially antifungal molecules that produce by KJ-34, we used comparative and bioinformatics analyses of fermentation broth before and after optimization by mass spectrometry. Untargeted metabolomics analyses are presumed to have a library of antifungal agents including benzoylstaurosporine, morellin and scopolamine. DISCUSSION These results suggest that KJ-34 produced various biological control agents to suppress multiple phytopathogenic fungi and showed a strong potential in the ecological technologies of prevention and protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunnan Yang
- Ecological Security and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, China
- Kaijiang County Plant Protection and Quarantine Station, Kaijiang County Agricultural and Rural Bureau, Dazhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhihui Wang
- Ecological Security and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, China
- Kaijiang County Plant Protection and Quarantine Station, Kaijiang County Agricultural and Rural Bureau, Dazhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiangxue Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University at Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tuo Qi
- Ecological Security and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University at Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lijuan Zou
- Ecological Security and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, China
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Wang D, Luo WZ, Zhang DD, Li R, Kong ZQ, Song J, Dai XF, Alkan N, Chen JY. Insights into the Biocontrol Function of a Burkholderia gladioli Strain against Botrytis cinerea. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0480522. [PMID: 36861984 PMCID: PMC10101029 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04805-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic fungi are the main cause of yield loss and postharvest loss of crops. In recent years, some antifungal microorganisms have been exploited and applied to prevent and control pathogenic fungi. In this study, an antagonistic bacteria KRS027 isolated from the soil rhizosphere of a healthy cotton plant from an infected field was identified as Burkholderia gladioli by morphological identification, multilocus sequence analysis, and typing (MLSA-MLST) and physiobiochemical examinations. KRS027 showed broad spectrum antifungal activity against various phytopathogenic fungi by secreting soluble and volatile compounds. KRS027 also has the characteristics of plant growth promotion (PGP) including nitrogen fixation, phosphate, and potassium solubilization, production of siderophores, and various enzymes. KRS027 is not only proven safe by inoculation of tobacco leaves and hemolysis test but also could effectively protect tobacco and table grapes against gray mold disease caused by Botrytis cinerea. Furthermore, KRS027 can trigger plant immunity by inducing systemic resistance (ISR) activated by salicylic acid- (SA), jasmonic acid- (JA), and ethylene (ET)-dependent signaling pathways. The extracellular metabolites and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of KRS027 affected the colony extension and hyphal development by downregulation of melanin biosynthesis and upregulation of vesicle transport, G protein subunit 1, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, disturbance of autophagy process, and degrading the cell wall of B. cinerea. These results demonstrated that B. gladioli KRS027 would likely become a promising biocontrol and biofertilizer agent against fungal diseases, including B. cinerea, and would promote plant growth. IMPORTANCE Searching the economical, eco-friendly and efficient biological control measures is the key to protecting crops from pathogenic fungi. The species of Burkholderia genus are widespread in the natural environment, of which nonpathogenic members have been reported to have great potential for biological control agents and biofertilizers for agricultural application. Burkholderia gladioli strains, however, need more study and application in the control of pathogenic fungi, plant growth promotion, and induced systemic resistance (ISR). In this study, we found that a B. gladioli strain KRS027 has broad spectrum antifungal activity, especially in suppressing the incidence of gray mold disease caused by Botrytis cinerea, and can stimulate plant immunity response via ISR activated by salicylic acid- (SA), jasmonic acid- (JA), and ethylene (ET)-dependent signaling pathways. These results indicate that B. gladioli KRS027 may be a promising biocontrol and biofertilizer microorganism resource in agricultural applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, China
| | - Wan-Zhen Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Dan-Dan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Kong
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Song
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Dai
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, China
| | - Noam Alkan
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Jie-Yin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, China
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Tian P, Huang Q, Peng W, Guo X, Sun L, Jian W, Xie C, Yang X. Complete Genome Sequence of Burkholderia gladioli BK04 with Biocontrol Potential Against Cotton Verticillium Wilt ( Verticillium dahliae). Mol Plant Microbe Interact 2022; 35:1052-1055. [PMID: 36161792 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-06-22-0123-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peidong Tian
- College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Qian Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Wanrong Peng
- College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Xueying Guo
- College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Lixinyu Sun
- College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Wei Jian
- College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Chengjian Xie
- College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Xingyong Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
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Zhang J, Luo J, Chen L, Ahmed T, Alotaibi SS, Wang Y, Sun G, Li B, An Q. Development of Droplet Digital PCR Assay for Detection of Seed-Borne Burkholderia glumae and B. gladioli Causing Bacterial Panicle Blight Disease of Rice. Microorganisms 2022; 10:1223. [PMID: 35744741 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10061223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial panicle blight of rice or bacterial grain rot of rice is a worldwide rice disease. Burkholderia glumae and B. gladioli are the causal agents. The early and accurate detection of seed-borne B. glumae and B. gladioli is critical for domestic and international quarantine and effective control of the disease. Here, genomic analyses revealed that B. gladioli contains five phylogroups and the BG1 primer pair designed to target the 3’-end sequence of a gene encoding a Rhs family protein is specific to B. glumae and two phylogroups within B. gladioli. Using the BG1 primer pair, a 138-bp DNA fragment was amplified only from the tested panicle blight pathogens B. glumae and B. gladioli. An EvaGreen droplet digital PCR (dPCR) assay on detection and quantification of the two pathogens was developed from a SYBR Green real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). The detection limits of the EvaGreen droplet dPCR on the two pathogens were identical at 2 × 103 colony forming units (CFU)∙mL−1 from bacterial suspensions and 2 × 102 CFU∙seed−1 from rice seeds. The EvaGreen droplet dPCR assay showed 10-fold detection sensitivity of the SYBR Green qPCR and could detect a single copy of the target gene in a 20-μL assay. Together, the SYBR Green qPCR assay allows for routine high-throughput detection of the panicle blight pathogens and the EvaGreen droplet dPCR assay provides a high-sensitive and high-accurate diagnostic method for quarantine of the pathogens.
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Dobrović K, Mareković I, Payerl-Pal M, Andrijašević N, Škrobo T, Košćak V, Grgurić D, Crnek SŠ, Janeš A, Lukić-Grlić A, Selec K, Bukovski S, Čivljak R. Outbreak of healthcare-associated bacteremia caused by Burkholderia gladioli due to contaminated multidose vials with saline solutions in three Croatian hospitals. Int J Infect Dis 2022; 121:152-156. [PMID: 35562041 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Burkholderia gladioli has been associated with infections in patients with cystic fibrosis, chronic granulomatous disease, and other immunocompromising conditions. The aim of this study was to better depict the outbreak of healthcare-associated bacteremia caused by B. gladioli due to exposure to contaminated multidose vials with saline solutions. METHODS An environmental and epidemiologic investigation was conducted by the Infection Prevention and Control Team (IPCT) to identify the source of the outbreak in three Croatian hospitals. RESULTS During a 3-month period, 13 B. gladioli bacteremia episodes were identified in 10 patients in three Croatian hospitals. At the time of the outbreak, all three hospitals used saline products from the same manufacturer. Two 100-ml multidose vials with saline solutions and needleless dispensing pins were positive for B. gladioli. All 13 bacteremia isolates and two isolates from the saline showed the same antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profile, demonstrating clonal relatedness. CONCLUSION When an environmental pathogen causes an outbreak, contamination of intravenous products must be considered. Close communication between the local IPCT and the National Hospital Infection Control Advisory Committee is essential to conduct a prompt and thorough investigation and find the source of the outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Dobrović
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Hospital Infections, Clinical Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Mareković
- Clinical Department of Clinical and Molecular Microbiology and Hospital Infections, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Nataša Andrijašević
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, "Dr. Fran Mihaljević" University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tea Škrobo
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Hospital Infections, Clinical Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Valentina Košćak
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Hospital Infections, Clinical Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dubravka Grgurić
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Hospital Infections, Clinical Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sandra Šestan Crnek
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Hospital Infections, Clinical Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andrea Janeš
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Hospital Infections, Sveti Duh University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Amarela Lukić-Grlić
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia; Department of Clinical Microbiology, Children's Hospital Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Katarina Selec
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Hospital Infections, Clinical Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Suzana Bukovski
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, "Dr. Fran Mihaljević" University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Zagreb, Croatia; Catholic University of Croatia, Zagreb, Croatia; Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, J. J. Strossmayer University, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Rok Čivljak
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia; Department of Respiratory Tract Infections, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Zagreb, Croatia.
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11
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Meirelles LA, Newman DK. Phenazines and toxoflavin act as interspecies modulators of resilience to diverse antibiotics. Mol Microbiol 2022; 117:1384-1404. [PMID: 35510686 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial opportunistic pathogens make diverse secondary metabolites both in the natural environment and when causing infections, yet how these molecules mediate microbial interactions and their consequences for antibiotic treatment are still poorly understood. Here, we explore the role of three redox-active secondary metabolites, pyocyanin, phenazine-1-carboxylic acid and toxoflavin, as interspecies modulators of antibiotic resilience. We find that these molecules dramatically change susceptibility levels of diverse bacteria to clinical antibiotics. Pyocyanin and phenazine-1-carboxylic acid are made by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, while toxoflavin is made by Burkholderia gladioli, organisms that infect cystic fibrosis and other immunocompromised patients. All molecules alter the susceptibility profile of pathogenic species within the "Burkholderia cepacia complex" to different antibiotics, either antagonizing or potentiating their effects, depending on the drug's class. Defense responses regulated by the redox-sensitive transcription factor SoxR potentiate the antagonistic effects these metabolites have against fluoroquinolones, and the presence of genes encoding SoxR and the efflux systems it regulates can be used to predict how these metabolites will affect antibiotic susceptibility of different bacteria. Finally, we demonstrate that inclusion of secondary metabolites in standard protocols used to assess antibiotic resistance can dramatically alter the results, motivating the development of new tests for more accurate clinical assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas A Meirelles
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91125, USA
| | - Dianne K Newman
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91125, USA.,Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91125, USA
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12
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Sharma P, Chouhan R, Bakshi P, Gandhi SG, Kaur R, Sharma A, Bhardwaj R. Amelioration of Chromium-Induced Oxidative Stress by Combined Treatment of Selected Plant-Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria and Earthworms via Modulating the Expression of Genes Related to Reactive Oxygen Species Metabolism in Brassica juncea. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:802512. [PMID: 35464947 PMCID: PMC9019754 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.802512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) toxicity leads to the enhanced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are extremely toxic to the plant and must be minimized to protect the plant from oxidative stress. The potential of plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and earthworms in plant growth and development has been extensively studied. The present study was aimed at investigating the effect of two PGPR (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia gladioli) along with earthworms (Eisenia fetida) on the antioxidant defense system in Brassica juncea seedlings under Cr stress. The Cr toxicity reduced the fresh and dry weights of seedlings, enhanced the levels of superoxide anion (O2•-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), and electrolyte leakage (EL), which lead to membrane as well as the nuclear damage and reduced cellular viability in B. juncea seedlings. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes, viz., superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APOX), glutathione peroxidase (GPOX), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), and glutathione reductase (GR) were increased; however, a reduction was observed in the activity of catalase (CAT) in the seedlings under Cr stress. Inoculation of the PGPR and the addition of earthworms enhanced the activities of all other antioxidant enzymes except GPOX, in which a reduction of the activity was observed. For total lipid- and water-soluble antioxidants and the non-enzymatic antioxidants, viz., ascorbic acid and glutathione, an enhance accumulation was observed upon the inoculation with PGPR and earthworms. The supplementation of PGPR with earthworms (combined treatment) reduced both the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the MDA content by modulating the defense system of the plant. The histochemical studies also corroborated that the combined application of PGPR and earthworms reduced O2•-, H2O2, lipid peroxidation, and membrane and nuclear damage and improved cell viability. The expression of key antioxidant enzyme genes, viz., SOD, CAT, POD, APOX, GR, DHAR, and GST showed the upregulation of these genes at post-transcriptional level upon the combined treatment of the PGPR and earthworms, thereby corresponding to the improved plant biomass. However, a reduced expression of RBOH1 gene was noticed in seedlings supplemented under the effect of PGPR and earthworms grown under Cr stress. The results provided sufficient evidence regarding the role of PGPR and earthworms in the amelioration of Cr-induced oxidative stress in B. juncea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, DAV University, Jalandhar, India.,Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Rekha Chouhan
- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Jammu, India
| | - Palak Bakshi
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Sumit G Gandhi
- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Jammu, India
| | - Rupinder Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, DAV College, Amritsar, India
| | - Ashutosh Sharma
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, DAV University, Jalandhar, India
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
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Covington BC, Seyedsayamdost MR. Guidelines for metabolomics-guided transposon mutagenesis for microbial natural product discovery. Methods Enzymol 2022; 665:305-23. [PMID: 35379440 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2021.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
There is a great discrepancy between the natural product output of cultured microorganisms and their bioinformatically predicted biosynthetic potential, such that most of the molecular diversity contained within microbial reservoirs has yet to be discovered. One of the primary reasons is insufficient expression of natural product biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) under standard laboratory conditions. Several methods have been developed to increase production from such "cryptic" BGCs. Among these, we recently implemented mass spectrometry-guided transposon mutagenesis, a forward genetic screen in which mutants that exhibit stimulated biosynthesis of cryptic metabolites, as read out by mass spectrometry, are selected from a transposon mutant library. Herein, we use Burkholderia gladioli as an example and provide guidelines for generating transposon mutant libraries, measuring metabolomic inventories through mass spectrometry, performing comparative metabolomics to prioritize cryptic natural products from the mutant library, and isolating and characterizing novel natural products elicited through mutagenesis. Application of this approach will be useful in both accessing novel natural products from cryptic BGCs and identifying genes involved in their global regulation.
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Rajendraprasad S, Creech ZA, Truong GTD, Nguyen T, Addula M, Mendoza N, Velagapudi M. Fatal Case of Burkholderia gladioli Pneumonia in a Patient With COVID-19. Ochsner J 2022; 22:349-52. [PMID: 36561098 DOI: 10.31486/toj.22.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Burkholderia gladioli (B gladioli) is a rare, gram-negative rod that was initially regarded as a plant pathogen. However, B gladioli has been reported as the primary pathogen causing pneumonia in organ transplant recipients and in patients with cystic fibrosis. We report a case of bacterial pneumonia caused by B gladioli in a patient hospitalized for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Case Report: A 68-year-old male was admitted for acute hypoxic respiratory failure secondary to COVID-19 pneumonia. He was treated with dexamethasone and convalescent plasma, resulting in improvement in the hypoxemia. However, during the latter part of his inpatient stay, the patient developed pneumonia caused by B gladioli. The isolate of B gladioli was sensitive to meropenem, levofloxacin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and intermediate to ceftazidime. He was treated with meropenem and levofloxacin. Despite treatment, the patient developed acute respiratory distress syndrome with multiorgan failure, suffered cardiac arrest, and died. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this case is the first report of B gladioli coinfection in a patient hospitalized for COVID-19 and provides insight into the possible detrimental outcome of B gladioli and COVID-19 coinfection.
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15
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Hussain N, Delar E, Piochon M, Groleau MC, Tebbji F, Sellam A, Déziel E, Gauthier C. Total synthesis of the proposed structures of gladiosides I and II. Carbohydr Res 2021; 507:108373. [PMID: 34157641 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2021.108373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Burkholderia gladioli is a Gram-negative bacterium that biosynthesizes a cocktail of potent antimicrobial compounds, including the antifungal phenolic glycoside sinapigladioside. Herein, we report the total synthesis of the proposed structures of gladiosides I and II, two structurally related phenolic glycosides previously isolated from B. gladioli OR1 cultures. Importantly, the physical and analytical data of the synthetic compounds were in significant discrepancies with the natural products suggesting a misassignment of the originally proposed structures. Furthermore, we have uncovered an acid-catalyzed fragmentation mechanism converting the α,β-unsaturated methyl carbamate-containing gladioside II into the aldehyde-containing gladioside I. Our results lay the foundation for the expeditious synthesis of derivatives of these Burkholderia-derived phenolic glycosides, which would enable to decipher their biological roles and potential pharmacological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazar Hussain
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique (INRS), 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval (Québec), H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Emmanilo Delar
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique (INRS), 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval (Québec), H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Marianne Piochon
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique (INRS), 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval (Québec), H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Marie-Christine Groleau
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique (INRS), 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval (Québec), H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Faiza Tebbji
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Disease and Immunology, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, 5000 Rue Bélanger, Montréal (Québec), H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Adnane Sellam
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Disease and Immunology, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, 5000 Rue Bélanger, Montréal (Québec), H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Eric Déziel
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique (INRS), 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval (Québec), H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Charles Gauthier
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique (INRS), 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval (Québec), H7V 1B7, Canada.
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16
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Lee HH, Park J, Jung H, Seo YS. Pan-Genome Analysis Reveals Host-Specific Functional Divergences in Burkholderia gladioli. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1123. [PMID: 34067383 PMCID: PMC8224644 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia gladioli has high versatility and adaptability to various ecological niches. Here, we constructed a pan-genome using 14 genome sequences of B. gladioli, which originate from different niches, including gladiolus, rice, humans, and nature. Functional roles of core and niche-associated genomes were investigated by pathway enrichment analyses. Consequently, we inferred the uniquely important role of niche-associated genomes in (1) selenium availability during competition with gladiolus host; (2) aromatic compound degradation in seed-borne and crude oil-accumulated environments, and (3) stress-induced DNA repair system/recombination in the cystic fibrosis-niche. We also identified the conservation of the rhizomide biosynthetic gene cluster in all the B. gladioli strains and the concentrated distribution of this cluster in human isolates. It was confirmed the absence of complete CRISPR/Cas system in both plant and human pathogenic B. gladioli and the presence of the system in B. gladioli living in nature, possibly reflecting the inverse relationship between CRISPR/Cas system and virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Hee Lee
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (H.-H.L.); (J.P.); (H.J.)
| | - Jungwook Park
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (H.-H.L.); (J.P.); (H.J.)
- Environmental Microbiology Research Team, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources (NNIBR), Sangju 37242, Korea
| | - Hyejung Jung
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (H.-H.L.); (J.P.); (H.J.)
| | - Young-Su Seo
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (H.-H.L.); (J.P.); (H.J.)
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17
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Martins PA, Pacheco TF, de Camargo BR, De Marco JL, Salum TFC. Solid-state fermentation production and characterization of an alkaline lipase from a newly isolated Burkholderia gladioli strain. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 52:70-79. [PMID: 33941018 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2021.1910959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The newly isolated Burkholderia gladioli BRM58833 strain was shown to secrete an alkaline lipase highly active and stable in organic solvents. Lipase production was optimized through the cultivation of the strain by solid-state fermentation in wheat bran. The lipase extraction conditions were also optimized. The low-cost extract obtained has shown a high hydrolytic activity of 1096.7 ± 39.3 U·gds-1 (units per gram of dry solids) against pNPP and 374.2 ± 20.4 U·gds-1 against triolein. Proteomic analysis revealed the optimized extract is composed of two esterases and three true lipases, showing a preference for long-chain substrates. The highest activity was obtained at 50 °C and pH 9. However, the extract maintained more than 50% of its maximum activity between pH 8.0 and 10.0 and throughout the whole temperature range evaluated (32-70 °C). The enzymes were inhibited by SDS, EDTA, ZnSO4 and FeCl3 and activated by FeSO4, MgCl2 and BaCl2. The lipases conserved their activity when incubated in solvents as acetonitrile, diethyl ether, n-heptane n-hexane, toluene, methanol and t-butanol. The resistance of these lipases to solvents and expressive thermostability when compared to other lipases, reveal their potential both in hydrolysis reactions and in synthesis of esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Alves Martins
- Embrapa Agroenergia, Parque Estação Biológica - PqEB, Brasília-DF, Brazil.,Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília-DF, Brazil
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18
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Fajar Irawan A, Baskara G, Wandri R, Asmono D. Isolation and Solubilisation of Inorganic Phosphate by <i>Burkholderia </i>spp. from the Rhizosphere of Oil Palm. Pak J Biol Sci 2021; 23:667-673. [PMID: 32363823 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2020.667.673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Phosphate-solubilising bacteria (PSB) are useful for plant growth. They inhabit different soil ecosystems such as colonizing the root environment. The aims of this study was to isolate PSB from oil palm rhizosphere and to conduct a comparative analysis of the solubility of inorganic phosphates. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rhizospheric soil samples at 0-20 cm depth collected from the distance of 2 m away from the palm were isolated and their chemical and physical properties were analyzed. Qualitative estimation of the suspected PSB was screened by inoculating and growing them at 27°C for 10 days on NBRIP agar medium with bromophenol blue. Their abilities to solubilize AlPO4, FePO4 and Ca3(PO4)2 were examined. Phosphate solubilizing activities were tested on the NBRIP growth medium by analyzing solubilisation efficiency and soluble-P content. Genomic DNA was isolated using QIAamp® genomic DNA kit. RESULTS A total of 15 PSB were successfully isolated from oil palm rhizosphere. During 5 days of incubation, isolate K3.1, A4 and K3.3 solubilized 53.5, 63.5 and 58.6 mg L-1 phosphate inoculated in Al3PO4, Fe3PO4 and Ca3(PO4)2, respectively. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, those isolates were closely related to Burkholderia arboris, Burkholderia gladioli and Burkholderia seminalis, respectively. In soil analysis, P2O5, C-organic and CEC had positive correlation with the total PSB. CONCLUSION The existence of P promoting bacteria in oil palm rhizosphere may offer effective solution on biofertilizer agent for sustainable agriculture.
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Liu YY, Lee CC, Hsu JH, Leu WM, Meng M. Efficient Hydrolysis of Gluten-Derived Celiac Disease-Triggering Immunogenic Peptides by a Bacterial Serine Protease from Burkholderia gladioli. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11030451. [PMID: 33802942 PMCID: PMC8002681 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder triggered by toxic peptides derived from incompletely digested glutens in the stomach. Peptidases that can digest the toxic peptides may formulate an oral enzyme therapy to improve the patients’ health condition. Bga1903 is a serine endopeptidase secreted by Burkholderia gladioli. The preproprotein of Bga1903 consists of an N-terminal signal peptide, a propeptide region, and an enzymatic domain that belongs to the S8 subfamily. Bga1903 could be secreted into the culture medium when it was expressed in E. coli. The purified Bga1903 is capable of hydrolyzing the gluten-derived toxic peptides, such as the 33- and 26-mer peptides, with the preference for the peptide bonds at the carbonyl site of glutamine (P1 position). The kinetic assay of Bga1903 toward the chromogenic substrate Z-HPQ-pNA at 37 °C, pH 7.0, suggests that the values of Km and kcat are 0.44 ± 0.1 mM and 17.8 ± 0.4 s−1, respectively. The addition of Bga1903 in the wort during the fermentation step of beer could help in making gluten-free beer. In summary, Bga1903 is usable to reduce the gluten content in processed foods and represents a good candidate for protein engineering/modification aimed to efficiently digest the gluten at the gastric condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-You Liu
- Program in Microbial Genomics, National Chung Hsing University and Academia Sinica, Taichung 40227, Taiwan;
| | - Cheng-Cheng Lee
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-Kuang Rd., Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (C.-C.L.); (J.-H.H.); (W.-M.L.)
| | - Jun-Hao Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-Kuang Rd., Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (C.-C.L.); (J.-H.H.); (W.-M.L.)
| | - Wei-Ming Leu
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-Kuang Rd., Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (C.-C.L.); (J.-H.H.); (W.-M.L.)
| | - Menghsiao Meng
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-Kuang Rd., Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (C.-C.L.); (J.-H.H.); (W.-M.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-22840328
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Lin YT, Lee CC, Leu WM, Wu JJ, Huang YC, Meng M. Fungicidal Activity of Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted by Burkholderia gladioli Strain BBB-01. Molecules 2021; 26:745. [PMID: 33572680 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A Burkholderia gladioli strain, named BBB-01, was isolated from rice shoots based on the confrontation plate assay activity against several plant pathogenic fungi. The genome of this bacterial strain consists of two circular chromosomes and one plasmid with 8,201,484 base pairs in total. Pangenome analysis of 23 B. gladioli strains suggests that B. gladioli BBB-01 has the closest evolutionary relationship to B. gladioli pv. gladioli and B. gladioli pv. agaricicola. B. gladioli BBB-01 emitted dimethyl disulfide and 2,5-dimethylfuran when it was cultivated in lysogeny broth and potato dextrose broth, respectively. Dimethyl disulfide is a well-known pesticide, while the bioactivity of 2,5-dimethylfuran has not been reported. In this study, the inhibition activity of the vapor of these two compounds was examined against phytopathogenic fungi, including Magnaporthe oryzae, Gibberella fujikuroi, Sarocladium oryzae, Phellinus noxius and Colletotrichumfructicola, and human pathogen Candida albicans. In general, 2,5-dimethylfuran is more potent than dimethyl disulfide in suppressing the growth of the tested fungi, suggesting that 2,5-dimethylfuran is a potential fumigant to control plant fungal disease.
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21
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Kim N, Mannaa M, Kim J, Ra JE, Kim SM, Lee C, Lee HH, Seo YS. The In Vitro and In Planta Interspecies Interactions Among Rice-Pathogenic Burkholderia Species. Plant Dis 2021; 105:134-143. [PMID: 33197363 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-20-1252-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Burkholderia glumae, B. plantarii, and B. gladioli are responsible for serious diseases in rice crops and co-occurrence among them has been reported. In this study, in vitro assays revealed antagonistic activity among these organisms, with B. gladioli demonstrating strong inhibition of B. glumae and B. plantarii. Strains of B. glumae and B. plantarii that express green fluorescent protein were constructed and used for cocultivation assays with B. gladioli, which confirmed the strong inhibitory activity of B. gladioli. Cell-free supernatants from each species were tested against cultures of counterpart species to evaluate the potential to inhibit bacterial growth. To investigate the inhibitory activity of B. gladioli on B. glumae and B. plantarii in rice, rice plant assays were performed and quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays were developed for in planta bacterial quantification. The results indicated that coinoculation with B. gladioli leads to significantly reduced disease severity and colonization of rice tissues compared with single inoculation with B. glumae or B. plantarii. This study demonstrates the interactions among three rice-pathogenic Burkholderia species and strong antagonistic activity of B. gladioli in vitro and in planta. The qPCR assays developed here could be applied for accurate quantification of these organisms from in planta samples in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namgyu Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Mohamed Mannaa
- Department of Microbiology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Juyun Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Ra
- Crop Foundation Division, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Sang-Min Kim
- Crop Foundation Division, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Chaeyeong Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Hyun-Hee Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Young-Su Seo
- Department of Microbiology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
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22
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Cui G, Yin K, Lin N, Liang M, Huang C, Chang C, Xi P, Deng YZ. Burkholderia gladioli CGB10: A Novel Strain Biocontrolling the Sugarcane Smut Disease. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1943. [PMID: 33297590 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8121943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we isolated an endophytic Burkholderia gladioli strain, named CGB10, from sugarcane leaves. B. gladioli CGB10 displayed strong inhibitory activity against filamentous growth of fungal pathogens, one of which is Sporisorium scitamineum that causes sugarcane smut, a major disease affecting the quality and production of sugarcane in tropical and subtropical regions. CGB10 could effectively suppress sugarcane smut under field conditions, without itself causing any obvious damage or disease, thus underscoring a great potential as a biocontrol agent (BCA) for the management of sugarcane smut. A toxoflavin biosynthesis and transport gene cluster potentially responsible for such antifungal activity was identified in the CGB10 genome. Additionally, a quorum-sensing gene cluster was identified too and compared with two close Burkholderia species, thus supporting an overall connection to the regulation of toxoflavin synthesis therein. Overall, this work describes the in vitro and field Sporisorium scitamineum biocontrol by a new B. gladioli strain, and reports genes and molecular mechanisms potentially involved.
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23
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Wong KSK, Dhaliwal S, Bilawka J, Srigley JA, Champagne S, Romney MG, Tilley P, Sadarangani M, Zlosnik JEA, Chilvers MA. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight MS for the accurate identification of Burkholderia cepacia complex and Burkholderia gladioli in the clinical microbiology laboratory. J Med Microbiol 2020; 69:1105-1113. [PMID: 32597748 PMCID: PMC7642978 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) bacteria, currently consisting of 23 closely related species, and Burkholderia gladioli, can cause serious and difficult-to-treat infections in people with cystic fibrosis. Identifying Burkholderia bacteria to the species level is considered important for understanding epidemiology and infection control, and predicting clinical outcomes. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight MS (MALDI-TOF) is a rapid method recently introduced in clinical laboratories for bacterial species-level identification. However, reports on the ability of MALDI-TOF to accurately identify Bcc to the species level are mixed.Aim. The aim of this project was to evaluate the accuracy of MALDI-TOF using the Biotyper and VITEK MS systems in identifying isolates from 22 different Bcc species and B. gladioli compared to recA gene sequencing, which is considered the current gold standard for Bcc.Methodology. To capture maximum intra-species variation, phylogenetic trees were constructed from concatenated multi-locus sequence typing alleles and clustered with a novel k-medoids approach. One hundred isolates representing 22 Bcc species, plus B. gladioli, were assessed for bacterial identifications using the two MALDI-TOF systems.Results. At the genus level, 100 and 97.0 % of isolates were confidently identified as Burkholderia by the Biotyper and VITEK MS systems, respectively; moreover, 26.0 and 67.0 % of the isolates were correctly identified to the species level, respectively. In many, but not all, cases of species misidentification or failed identification, a representative library for that species was lacking.Conclusion. Currently available MALDI-TOF systems frequently do not accurately identify Bcc bacteria to the species level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendrew S. K. Wong
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Suk Dhaliwal
- Microbiology, BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jennifer Bilawka
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jocelyn A. Srigley
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sylvie Champagne
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Marc G. Romney
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Peter Tilley
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Manish Sadarangani
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Vaccine Evaluation Centre, BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - James E. A. Zlosnik
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mark A. Chilvers
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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24
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Zhu J, Liu Y, Qin Y, Pan L, Li Y, Liang G, Wang Q. Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Bacterium Burkholderia gladioli Bsp-1 Producing Alkaline Lipase. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 29:1043-1052. [PMID: 31353877 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1903.03045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Active lipase-producing bacterium Burkholderia gladioli Bps-1 was rapidly isolated using a modified trypan blue and tetracycline, ampicillin (TB-TA) plate. The electro-phoretically pure enzyme was obtained by purification using ethanol precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography, and gel filtration chromatography. The molecular weight was 34.6 kDa and the specific activity was determined to be 443.9 U/mg. The purified lipase showed the highest activity after hydrolysis with p-NPC16 at a pH of 8.5 and 50°C, and the Km, kcat, and kcat/Km values were 1.05, 292.95 s-1 and 279 s-1mM-1, respectively. The lipase was highly stable at 7.5 ≤ pH ≤ 10.0. K+ and Na+ exerted activation effects on the lipase which had favorable tolerance to short-chain alcohols with its residual enzyme activity being 110% after being maintained in 30% ethanol for 1 h. The results demonstrated that the lipase produced by the strain B. gladioli Bps-1 has high enzyme activity and is an alkaline lipase. The lipase has promising chemical properties for a range of applications in the food-processing and detergent industries, and has particularly high potential for use in the manufacture of biodiesel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-refinery, Guangxi Biomass EngineeringTechnology Research Center, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, P.R. China
| | - Yanjing Liu
- Royal Group Co., Ltd., Nanning 530007, P.R. China
| | - Yan Qin
- National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-refinery, Guangxi Biomass EngineeringTechnology Research Center, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, P.R. China
| | - Lixia Pan
- National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-refinery, Guangxi Biomass EngineeringTechnology Research Center, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, P.R. China
| | - Yi Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-refinery, Guangxi Biomass EngineeringTechnology Research Center, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, P.R. China
| | - Ge Liang
- National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-refinery, Guangxi Biomass EngineeringTechnology Research Center, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, P.R. China
| | - Qingyan Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-refinery, Guangxi Biomass EngineeringTechnology Research Center, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, P.R. China
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25
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Li X, Li Y, Wang R, Wang Q, Lu L. Toxoflavin Produced by Burkholderia gladioli from Lycoris aurea Is a New Broad-Spectrum Fungicide. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:e00106-19. [PMID: 30824447 DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00106-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections not only cause extensive agricultural damage but also result in serious diseases in the immunodeficient populations of human beings. Moreover, the increasing emergence of drug resistance has led to a decrease in the efficacy of current antifungals. Thus, screening of new antifungal agents is imperative in the fight against antifungal drug resistance. In this study, we show that an endophytic bacterium, Burkholderia gladioli HDXY-02, isolated from the medicinal plant Lycoris aurea, showed broad-spectrum antifungal activity against plant and human fungal pathogens. An antifungal ability assay indicated that the bioactive component was produced from strain HDXY-02 having an extracellular secreted component with a molecular weight lower than 1,000 Da. In addition, we found that this new antifungal could be produced effectively by liquid fermentation of HDXY-02. Furthermore, the purified component contributing to the antifungal activity was identified to be toxoflavin, a yellow compound possessing a pyrimido[5,4-e][1,2,4]triazine ring. In vitro bioactivity studies demonstrated that purified toxoflavin from B. gladioli HDXY-02 cultures had a significant antifungal activity against the human fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus, resulting in abolished germination of conidia. More importantly, the growth inhibition by toxoflavin was observed in both wild-type and drug-resistant mutants (cyp51A and non-cyp51A) of A. fumigatus Finally, an optimized protocol for the large-scale production of toxoflavin (1,533 mg/liter) has been developed. Taken together, our findings provide a promising biosynthetic resource for producing a new antifungal reagent, toxoflavin, from isolates of the endophytic bacterium B. gladioli IMPORTANCE Human fungal infections are a growing problem associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Moreover, a growing number of antifungal-resistant fungal isolates have been reported over the past decade. Thus, the need for novel antifungal agents is imperative. In this study, we show that an endophytic bacterium, Burkholderia gladioli, isolated from the medicinal plant Lycoris aurea, is able to abundantly secrete a compound, toxoflavin, which has a strong fungicidal activity not only against plant fungal pathogens but also against human fungal pathogens Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, and the model filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans More importantly, toxoflavin also displays an efficacious inhibitory effect against azole antifungal-resistant mutants of A. fumigatus Consequently, our findings provide a promising approach to abundantly produce toxoflavin, which has novel broad-spectrum antifungal activity, especially against those currently problematic drug-resistant isolates.
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26
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Zhang L, Gao W, Yin Y, Wang Z. Discrimination of Burkholderia gladioli pv.alliicola and B. cepacia complex using the gyrB gene of B. gladioli pv. alliicola. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:1870-1876. [PMID: 30783462 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.7137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficiency of the gyrB gene derived from Burkholderia gladioli pv.Alliicola (Bga) on the identification of Bga from the B. cepacia complex (Bcc) based on the COnsensus-DEgenerate Hybrid Oligonucleotide Primer (CODEHOP) strategy. A set of primers used for the specific amplification of the gyrB gene in Bga were designed according to the CODEHOP principle. A total of 1,644 bp of the gyrB gene sequence of Bga were acquired by CODEHOP amplification. The sequence was blasted in GenBank and it revealed an average of 86% similarity with the gyrB gene of nine genomovars of Bcc. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using the gyrB gene sequences. The microarray method was adopted to discriminate Bga from Bcc based on the specific probes designed upon the gyrB gene, and five genomovars of Bcc demonstrated a good discrimination from Bga on the microarray chip. CODEHOP strategy succeeded in amplification of the gyrB gene of Bga, which made it possible for the identification of Bga from five genomovars of Bcc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Shapingba, Chongqing 400030, P.R. China
| | - Wenna Gao
- Beijing Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Beijing 100026, P.R. China
| | - Youping Yin
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Shapingba, Chongqing 400030, P.R. China
| | - Zhongkang Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Shapingba, Chongqing 400030, P.R. China
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27
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Lee C, Lee HH, Mannaa M, Kim N, Park J, Kim J, Seo YS. Genomics-based Sensitive and Specific Novel Primers for Simultaneous Detection of Burkholderia glumae and Burkholderia gladioli in Rice Seeds. Plant Pathol J 2018; 34:490-498. [PMID: 30588222 PMCID: PMC6305179 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.07.2018.0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Panicle blight and seed rot disease caused mainly by Burkholderia glumae and Burkholderia gladioli is threatening rice cultivation worldwide. The bacteria have been reported as seed-borne pathogens from rice. Accurate detection of both pathogens on the seeds is very important for limiting the disease dissemination. Novel primer pairs targeting specific molecular markers were developed for the robust detection of B. glumae and B. gladioli. The designed primers were specific in detecting the target species with no apparent crossreactions with other related Burkholderia species at the expected product size. Both primer pairs displayed a high degree of sensitivity for detection of B. glumae and B. gladioli separately in monoplex PCR or simultaneously in duplex PCR from both extracted gDNA and directly preheated bacterial cell suspensions. Limit of detection was as low as 0.1 ng of gDNA of both species and 3.86 × 102 cells for B. glumae and 5.85 × 102 cells for B. gladioli. On inoculated rice seeds, the designed primers could separately or simultaneously detect B. glumae and B. gladioli with a detection limit as low as 1.86 × 103 cells per rice seed for B. glumae and 1.04 × 104 cells per rice seed of B. gladioli. The novel primers maybe valuable as a more sensitive, specific, and robust tool for the efficient simultaneous detection of B. glumae and B. gladioli on rice seeds, which is important in combating rice panicle blight and seed rot by early detection and confirmation of the dissemination of pathogen-free rice seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Namgyu Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241,
Korea
| | - Jungwook Park
- Department of Microbiology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241,
Korea
| | - Juyun Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241,
Korea
| | - Young-Su Seo
- Department of Microbiology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241,
Korea
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28
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Zanotti C, Munari S, Brescia G, Barion U. Burkholderia gladioli sinonasal infection. Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis 2018; 136:55-56. [PMID: 30342825 DOI: 10.1016/j.anorl.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Burkholderia gladioli are non-fermenting, Gram-negative, rod-shaped aerobic bacteria that were first identified as a plant pathogen. Most of the B. gladioli infections reported in the literature have involved immunocompromised adults and newborn infants. B. gladioli in humans is often associated with a poor prognosis. CASE REPORT We describe the first case of sinonasal infection due to B. gladioli and Staphylococcus aureus in an immunocompetent patient who had recently travelled to the Congo. DISCUSSION As in the few other reported cases involving immunocompetent patients, the appropriate approach to this multidrug-resistant B. gladioli infection was a combination of surgery and antibiotics chosen in the light of an antibiogram.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Zanotti
- Department of Neurosciences (DNS), Otolaryngology Section, Padova University, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - S Munari
- Department of Neurosciences (DNS), Otolaryngology Section, Padova University, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - G Brescia
- Department of Neurosciences (DNS), Otolaryngology Section, Padova University, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy.
| | - U Barion
- Department of Neurosciences (DNS), Otolaryngology Section, Padova University, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
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Abstract
We report the occurrence of two severe illnesses experienced by one patient over a 19 year period of time. Both illnesses were characterized by severe inflammation and tissue destruction. Signs and symptoms of the first illness were characteristic of lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV). The second illness mimicked scrofula. During the second illness the patient was discovered to have a rare immunodeficiency due to auto-antibodies to Interleukin (IL)-12 and infection by Burkholderia gladioli, a plant pathogen usually harmless in humans. We were able to retrieve biopsies from the first illness to establish that B. gladioli was already present during the original presentation. That first illness lasted 5 year s, but she survived without the correct pathogen ever being identified, and without a diagnosis of immunodeficiency. After a remission of 10 year s, she experienced her second illness. The responses to treatment before and after the correct diagnoses were established provide us with an excellent opportunity to consider and discuss how disease expression reflects complex relationships between host defenses and microbial characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marguerite B Vigliani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Infants' Hospital, Providence RI, USA.,Brown University, Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Cheston B Cunha
- Division of Infectious Disease, Rhode Island Hospital and The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA.,Brown University, Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI, USA
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30
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Kumar R, Swain DM, Yadav SK, Tyagi I, Kumar R, Das J, Ghosh S, Jha G. Bacteria-fungal Confrontation and Fungal Growth Prevention Assay. Bio Protoc 2018; 8:e2694. [PMID: 34179243 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.2694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
There are some bacteria which can grow and multiply at the cost of living fungal biomass. They can potentially utilize fungi as a source of nutrients to forage over them. Such phenomenon is known as bacterial mycophagy, however, its mechanistic insights need to be explored to identify the molecules involved in mycophagy for potential utilization in controlling various fungal diseases. Recently we have demonstrated that a rice-associated bacteria Burkholderia gladioli strain NGJ1 exhibits mycophagous ability on several fungi, including Rhizoctonia solani, the necrotrophic fungal pathogen causing sheath blight disease in rice. We hereby describe our validated and efficient methods used to study B. gladioli strain NGJ1-R. solani interactions. These methodologies would be useful for designing assays to study the confrontation between bacteria and fungi which in turn enable discovery of novel antifungal molecules from such bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kumar
- Plant Microbe Interactions Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Durga Madhab Swain
- Plant Microbe Interactions Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Yadav
- Plant Microbe Interactions Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Isha Tyagi
- Plant Microbe Interactions Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajeev Kumar
- Plant Microbe Interactions Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Joyati Das
- Plant Microbe Interactions Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Srayan Ghosh
- Plant Microbe Interactions Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Gopaljee Jha
- Plant Microbe Interactions Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
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31
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Gaube P, Kaltenpoth M, Flórez LV. Infection of Soybean Plants with the Insect Bacterial Symbiont Burkholderia gladioli and Evaluation of Plant Fitness. Bio Protoc 2017; 7:e2663. [PMID: 34595321 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.2663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the establishment and consequences of host-microbe interactions, it is important to develop controlled infection assays suitable for each system, as well as appropriate methods to evaluate successful infection and its associated effects. Here, we describe a procedure for bacterial inoculation of soybean plants, followed by the assessment of systemic infection and impact on plant fitness. Soybean (Glycine max) seedlings were mechanically wounded using a device that mimics insect herbivory and inoculated with known cell numbers of Burkholderia gladioli bacteria previously isolated from an insect host. The impact on the plants was evaluated by monitoring changes in height, time to flowering and chlorophyll content during plant development, and by quantifying seed production in comparison to plants inoculated with sterile water. The presence and proliferation of bacterial infection were examined in tissues from developed plants using quantitative PCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Gaube
- Insect Symbiosis Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, Jena, Germany.,Molecular Biodiversity Group, Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology (Zoology III), Theodor Boveri-Institute, Julius Maximilian University, Am Hubland, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Kaltenpoth
- Insect Symbiosis Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, Jena, Germany.,Department for Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg University, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 13, Mainz, Germany
| | - Laura V Flórez
- Insect Symbiosis Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, Jena, Germany.,Department for Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg University, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 13, Mainz, Germany
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32
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Falconer TM, Kern SE, Brzezinski JL, Turner JA, Boyd BL, Litzau JJ. Identification of the potent toxin bongkrekic acid in a traditional African beverage linked to a fatal outbreak. Forensic Sci Int 2016; 270:e5-e11. [PMID: 27823840 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In January 2015, 75 people died and 177 were hospitalized in the Mozambique village of Chitima after attending a funeral. The deaths were linked to the consumption of a traditional African beverage called pombe. Samples of the suspect pombe were subjected to myriad analyses and compared to a control sample. Ultimately, non-targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry screening revealed the presence of the potent toxin bongkrekic acid, and its structural isomer, isobongkrekic acid. Quantitative analysis found potentially fatal levels of these toxins in the suspect pombe samples. Bongkrekic acid is known to be produced by the bacterium Burkholderia gladioli pv. cocovenenans. This bacterium could not be isolated from the suspect pombe, but bacteria identified as B. gladioli were isolated from corn flour, a starting ingredient in the production of pombe, obtained from the brewer's home. When the bacteria were co-plated with the fungus Rhizopus oryzae, which was also isolated from the corn flour, synergistic production of bongkrekic acid was observed. The results suggest a mechanism for bongkrekic acid intoxication, a phenomenon previously thought to be restricted to specific regions of Indonesia and China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis M Falconer
- U.S. Food & Drug Administration, Forensic Chemistry Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Sara E Kern
- U.S. Food & Drug Administration, Forensic Chemistry Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - James A Turner
- U.S. Food & Drug Administration, Forensic Chemistry Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Brian L Boyd
- U.S. Food & Drug Administration, Forensic Chemistry Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jonathan J Litzau
- U.S. Food & Drug Administration, Forensic Chemistry Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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33
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Chen X, Liu ZQ, Lin CP, Zheng YG. Efficient biosynthesis of ethyl (R)-4-chloro-3-hydroxybutyrate using a stereoselective carbonyl reductase from Burkholderia gladioli. BMC Biotechnol 2016; 16:70. [PMID: 27756363 PMCID: PMC5070160 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-016-0301-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ethyl (R)-4-chloro-3-hydroxybutyrate ((R)-CHBE) is a versatile chiral precursor for many pharmaceuticals. Although several biosynthesis strategies have been documented to convert ethyl 4-chloro-3-oxobutanoate (COBE) to (R)-CHBE, the catalytic efficiency and stereoselectivity are still too low to be scaled up for industrial applications. Due to the increasing demand of (R)-CHBE, it is essential to explore more robust biocatalyst capable of preparing (R)-CHBE efficiently. Results A stereoselective carbonyl reductase toolbox was constructed and employed into the asymmetric reduction of COBE to (R)-CHBE. A robust enzyme designed as BgADH3 from Burkholderia gladioli CCTCC M 2012379 exhibited excellent activity and enantioselectivity, and was further characterized and investigated in the asymmetric synthesis of (R)-CHBE. An economical and satisfactory enzyme-coupled cofactor recycling system was created using recombinant Escherichia coli cells co-expressing BgADH3 and glucose dehydrogenase genes to regenerate NADPH in situ. In an aqueous/octanol biphasic system, as much as 1200 mmol COBE was completely converted by using substrate fed-batch strategy to afford (R)-CHBE with 99.9 % ee at a space-time yield per gram of biomass of 4.47 mmol∙L−1∙h−1∙g DCW−1. Conclusions These data demonstrate the promising of BgADH3 in practical synthesis of (R)-CHBE as a valuable chiral synthon. This study allows for the further application of BgADH3 in the biosynthesis of chiral alcohols, and establishes a preparative scale process for producing (R)-CHBE with excellent enantiopurity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12896-016-0301-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.,Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.,Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Chao-Ping Lin
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.,Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yu-Guo Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China. .,Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
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Shehata HR, Ettinger CL, Eisen JA, Raizada MN. Genes Required for the Anti-fungal Activity of a Bacterial Endophyte Isolated from a Corn Landrace Grown Continuously by Subsistence Farmers Since 1000 BC. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1548. [PMID: 27757101 PMCID: PMC5047915 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytes are microbes that inhabit internal plant tissues without causing disease. Some endophytes are known to combat pathogens. The corn (maize) landrace Chapalote has been grown continuously by subsistence farmers in the Americas since 1000 BC, without the use of fungicides, and the crop remains highly valued by farmers, in part for its natural tolerance to pests. We hypothesized that the pathogen tolerance of Chapalote may, in part, be due to assistance from its endophytes. We previously identified a bacterial endophyte from Chapalote seeds, Burkholderia gladioli strain 3A12, for its ability to combat a diversity of crop pathogens, including Sclerotinia homoeocarpa, the most important fungal disease of creeping bentgrass, a relative of maize used here as a model system. Strain 3A12 represents a unique opportunity to understand the anti-fungal activities of an endophyte associated with a crop variety grown by subsistence farmers since ancient times. Here, microscopy combined with Tn5-mutagenesis demonstrates that the anti-fungal mode of action of 3A12 involves flagella-dependent swarming toward its pathogen target, attachment and biofilm-mediated microcolony formation. The mutant screen revealed that YajQ, a receptor for the secondary messenger c-di-GMP, is a critical signaling system that mediates this endophytic mobility-based defense for its host. Microbes from the traditional seeds of farmers may represent a new frontier in elucidating host-microbe mutualistic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan R. Shehata
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, GuelphON, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Mansoura UniversityMansoura, Egypt
| | - Cassandra L. Ettinger
- Genome Center, University of California Davis, DavisCA, USA
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California Davis, DavisCA, USA
| | - Jonathan A. Eisen
- Genome Center, University of California Davis, DavisCA, USA
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California Davis, DavisCA, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis, DavisCA, USA
| | - Manish N. Raizada
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, GuelphON, Canada
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Lee J, Park J, Kim S, Park I, Seo YS. Differential regulation of toxoflavin production and its role in the enhanced virulence of Burkholderia gladioli. Mol Plant Pathol 2016; 17:65-76. [PMID: 25845410 PMCID: PMC6638467 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Burkholderia gladioli is a causal agent of bacterial panicle blight and sheath/grain browning in rice in many countries. Many strains produce the yellow pigment toxoflavin, which is highly toxic to plants, fungi, animals and microorganisms. Although there have been several studies on the toxoflavin biosynthesis system of B. glumae, it is still unclear how B. gladioli activates toxoflavin biosynthesis. In this study, we explored the genomic organization of the toxoflavin system of B. gladioli and its biological functions using comparative genomic analysis between toxoflavin-producing strains (B. glumae BGR1 and B. gladioli BSR3) and a strain not producing toxoflavin (B. gladioli KACC11889). The latter exhibits normal physiological characteristics similar to other B. gladioli strains. Burkholderia gladioli KACC11889 possesses all the genes involved in toxoflavin biosynthesis, but lacks the quorum-sensing (QS) system that functions as an on/off switch for toxoflavin biosynthesis. These data suggest that B. gladioli has evolved to use the QS signalling cascade of toxoflavin production (TofI/TofR of QS → ToxJ or ToxR → tox operons) similar to that in B. glumae. However, some strains may have evolved to eliminate toxoflavin production through deletion of the QS genes. In addition, we demonstrate that the toxoflavin biosynthetic system enhances the virulence of B. gladioli. These findings provide another line of evidence supporting the differential regulation of the toxoflavin system in Burkholderia strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongyun Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, South Korea
| | - Jungwook Park
- Department of Microbiology, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, South Korea
| | - Sunyoung Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, South Korea
| | - Inmyoung Park
- Department of Microbiology, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, South Korea
| | - Young-Su Seo
- Department of Microbiology, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, South Korea
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Zlosnik JE, Zhou G, Brant R, Henry DA, Hird TJ, Mahenthiralingam E, Chilvers MA, Wilcox P, Speert DP. Burkholderia species infections in patients with cystic fibrosis in British Columbia, Canada. 30 years' experience. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2015; 12:70-8. [PMID: 25474359 DOI: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201408-395OC] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE We have been collecting Burkholderia species bacteria from patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) for the last 30 years. During this time, our understanding of their multispecies taxonomy and infection control has evolved substantially. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the long-term (30 year) epidemiology and clinical outcome of Burkholderia infection in CF, and fully define the risks associated with infection by each species. METHODS Isolates from Burkholderia-positive patients (n=107) were speciated and typed annually for each infected patient. Microbiological and clinical data were evaluated by thorough review of patient charts, and statistical analyses performed to define significant epidemiological factors. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Before 1995, the majority of new Burkholderia infections were caused by epidemic clones of Burkholderia cenocepacia. After implementation of new infection control measures in 1995, Burkholderia multivorans became the most prevalent species. Survival analysis showed that patients with CF infected with B. cenocepacia had a significantly worse outcome than those with B. multivorans, and a novel finding was that, after Burkholderia infection, the prognosis for females was significantly worse than for males. CONCLUSIONS B. multivorans and B. cenocepacia have been the predominant Burkholderia species infecting people with CF in Vancouver. The implementation of infection control measures were successful in preventing new acquisition of epidemic strains of B. cenocepacia, leaving nonclonal B. multivorans as the most prevalent species. Historically, survival after infection with B. cenocepacia has been significantly worse than B. multivorans infection, and, of new significance, we show that females tend toward worse clinical outcomes.
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Imataki O, Kita N, Nakayama-Imaohji H, Kida JI, Kuwahara T, Uemura M. Bronchiolitis and bacteraemia caused by Burkholderia gladioli in a non-lung transplantation patient. New Microbes New Infect 2014; 2:175-6. [PMID: 25566397 PMCID: PMC4265050 DOI: 10.1002/nmi2.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- O Imataki
- Division of Haematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University Kagawa, Japan
| | - N Kita
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University Kagawa, Japan
| | - H Nakayama-Imaohji
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University Kagawa, Japan
| | - J-I Kida
- Division of Haematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University Kagawa, Japan
| | - T Kuwahara
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University Kagawa, Japan
| | - M Uemura
- Division of Haematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University Kagawa, Japan
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Abstract
We report a case of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD)-related peritonitis. Burkholderia gladioli, as a plant pathogen, were cultured from peritoneal effluent. Peritonitis healed after intraperitoneal cefazolin and gentamicin. This case indicated that CAPD effluent may be contaminated by B. gladioli, causing CAPD-related peritonitis. On the other hand, it can be successfully treated with intraperitoneal antimicrobials without removal of the Tenckhoff catheter.
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Affiliation(s)
- YanQing Tong
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affilliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China.
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