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Ma Y, Singhal G, Chan SS, Wang C, Yu H, Yin B, Pang J, Malvar G, Nasser I, Mather ML, Maratos-Flier E. FGF21 protects against ischaemia reperfusion injury in normal and fatty livers. Liver Int 2024; 44:1668-1679. [PMID: 38554044 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, which is an inevitable clinical problem of liver resection, liver transplantation and haemorrhagic shock. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) was intimately coupled with multiple metabolic processes and proved to protect against apoptosis and inflammatory response in hepatocytes during hepatic I/R injury. However, the regulatory mechanisms of FGF21 in hepatic I/R injury remains unknown. Therefore, we hypothesize that FGF21 protects hepatic tissues from I/R injury. METHODS Blood samples were available from haemangiomas patients undergoing hepatectomy and murine liver I/R model and used to further evaluate the serum levels of FGF21 both in humans and mice. We further explored the regulatory mechanisms of FGF21 in murine liver I/R model by using FGF21-knockout mice (FGF21-KO mice) and FGF21-overexpression transgenic mice (FGF21-OE mice) fed a high-fat or ketogenic diet. RESULTS Our results show that the circulating levels of FGF21 were robustly decreased after liver I/R in both humans and mice. Silencing FGF21 expression with FGF21-KO mice aggravates liver injury at 6 h after 75 min of partial liver ischaemia, while FGF21-OE mice display alleviated hepatic I/R injury and inflammatory response. Compared with chow diet mice, exogenous FGF21 decreases the levels of aminotransferase, histological changes, apoptosis and inflammatory response in hepatic I/R injury treatment mice with a high-fat diet. Meanwhile, ketogenic diet mice are not sensitive to hepatic I/R injury. CONCLUSIONS The circulating contents of FGF21 are decreased during liver warm I/R injury and exogenous FGF21 exerts hepatoprotective effects on hepatic I/R injury. Thus, FGF21 regulates hepatic I/R injury and may be a key therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ma
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Department of Minimal Invasive Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Garima Singhal
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Suzanne S Chan
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chaoqun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Department of Minimal Invasive Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hongjun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Department of Minimal Invasive Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Bing Yin
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Department of Minimal Invasive Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jing Pang
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Grace Malvar
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Imad Nasser
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marie L Mather
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eleftheria Maratos-Flier
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Sun J, Cheng M, Ye T, Li B, Wei Y, Zheng H, Zheng H, Zhou M, Piao JG, Li F. Nanocarrier-based delivery of arsenic trioxide for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2022; 17:2037-2054. [PMID: 36789952 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2022-0250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) poses a severe threat to human health and economic development. Despite many attempts at HCC treatment, most are inevitably affected by the genetic instability and variability of tumor cells. Arsenic trioxide (ATO) has shown to be effective in HCC. However, time-consuming challenges, especially the optimal concentration in tumor tissue and bioavailability of ATO, remain to be overcome for its transition from the bench to the bedside. To bypass these issues, nanotechnology-based delivery systems have been developed for prevention, diagnosis, monitoring and treatment in recent years. This article is a systematic overview of the latest contributions and detailed insights into ATO-loaded nanocarriers, with particular attention paid to strategies for improving the efficacy of nanocarriers of ATO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Mengying Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Tingxian Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Bin Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Yinghui Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Hangsheng Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Hongyue Zheng
- Libraries of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Meiqi Zhou
- Department of Oncology Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Ji-Gang Piao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology & Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
- Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Fanzhu Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology & Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
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PGC-1 α Protects against Hepatic Ischemia Reperfusion Injury by Activating PPAR α and PPAR γ and Regulating ROS Production. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6677955. [PMID: 34104311 PMCID: PMC8159639 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6677955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) α and γ have been shown to be protective in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, the precise role of PPARγ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), which can coactivate both of these receptors, in hepatic I/R injury, remains largely unknown. This study was designed to test our hypothesis that PGC-1α is protective during hepatic I/R injury in vitro and in vivo. Our results show that endogenous PGC-1α is basally expressed in normal livers and is moderately increased by I/R. Ectopic PGC-1α protects against hepatic I/R and hepatocyte anoxia/reoxygenation (A/R) injuries, whereas knockdown of endogenous PGC-1α aggravates such injuries, as evidenced by assessment of the levels of serum aminotransferases and inflammatory cytokines, necrosis, apoptosis, cell viability, and histological examination. The EMSA assay shows that the activation of PPARα and PPARγ is increased or decreased by the overexpression or knockdown of PGC-1α, respectively, during hepatic I/R and hepatocyte A/R injuries. In addition, the administration of specific antagonists of either PPARα (MK886) or PPARγ (GW9662) can effectively decrease the protective effect of PGC-1α against hepatic I/R and hepatocyte A/R injuries. We also demonstrate an important regulatory role of PGC-1α in reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism during hepatic I/R, which is correlated with the induction of ROS-detoxifying enzymes and is also dependent on the activations of PPARα and PPARγ. These data demonstrate that PGC-1α protects against hepatic I/R injury, mainly by regulating the activation of PPARα and PPARγ. Thus, PGC-1α may be a promising therapeutic target for the protection of the liver against I/R injury.
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Oruganti L, Meriga B. Plant Polyphenolic Compounds Potentiates Therapeutic Efficiency of Anticancer Chemotherapeutic Drugs: A Review. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 21:246-252. [PMID: 32767950 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200807115647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scientific research continues to develop more efficacious drugs to treat and cure cancer, the dreadful disease threatening the human race. Chemotherapy is an essential means in cancer therapy, however, plant drugs having pharmacological safety, can be used alone or as additions to current chemotherapeutic agents to enhance therapeutic efficacy and minimize chemotherapyinduced adverse effects. OBJECTIVE A combination therapy where the synergistic effect on multiple targets is possible has gained significance because a one-drug one-target approach fails to yield the desired therapeutic effect. Therefore, a detailed description of important plant polyphenolic compounds with anticancer activity and their role in potentiating chemotherapeutic efficiency of existing anticancer drugs is provided in this review. Systematically screening combinations of active pharmaceutical ingredients for potential synergy with plant compounds may be especially valuable in cancer therapy. METHODS We extensively have gone through reviews and research articles available in the literature. We made use of databases such as Google Scholar, Research Gate, PubMed, Science Direct, etc. The following keywords were used in our literature search: "Chemotherapy, drug development, cancer drugs, plant-derived polyphenolics, synergistic studies, combination therapy, diagnosis and genetics." CONCLUSION Systematic research studies on screening combinations of plant phytochemicals with potential chemotherapeutic pharmaceuticals shed light on their synergistic effects, mechanisms of actions paving the way to develop more efficient anticancer therapeutics to treat and cure the cancer menace, to nullify chemotherapy-induced adverse effects and our review substantially contributes in this direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokanatha Oruganti
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell Culture & Molecular Biology Lab, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India
| | - Balaji Meriga
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell Culture & Molecular Biology Lab, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India
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Zhang W, Wang J, Gao J, Li HL, Han LH, Lan Q, Rothman N, Zheng W, Shu XO, Xiang YB. Prediagnostic Level of Dietary and Urinary Isoflavonoids in Relation to Risk of Liver Cancer in Shanghai, China. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2019; 28:1712-1719. [PMID: 31387968 PMCID: PMC6800062 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-18-1075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND No epidemiologic studies have directly assessed the association between dietary and urinary isoflavonoids and risk of liver cancer in humans. METHODS A nested case-control study, including 217 incident cases of liver cancer and 427 individually matched control subjects, was conducted in Shanghai, China. Dietary isoflavonoid intakes were assessed through a validated food-frequency questionnaire and the Chinese Food Composition Tables. Urinary excretion levels of four major isoflavonoids were measured by the reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were derived using conditional logistic regression models. RESULTS The adjusted ORs (95% CIs) for liver cancer across increasing quartiles of urinary genistein levels were 1.00 (reference), 0.55 (95% CI, 0.22-1.36), 0.57 (95% CI, 0.23-1.43), and 0.19 (95% CI, 0.06-0.59) (P trend = 0.008) in women and 1.00 (reference), 1.22 (0.52-2.86), 1.17(0.47-2.90), and 1.23 (0.55-2.76) in men, respectively. These associations were consistent by limiting the cases to primary malignant neoplasm of liver or malignant neoplasms of the intrahepatic bile ducts, or among participants without self-reported liver disease or cirrhosis at the baseline survey. No associations were found between dietary isoflavonoids and liver cancer risk. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests for the first time that urinary excretion of genistein may be associated with reduced risk of liver cancer in women. IMPACT In this nested case-control study in China, we found that urinary excretion of genistein was associated with lower risk of liver cancer in women, and not in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes and Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes and Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes and Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Lan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes and Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Hua Han
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes and Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Lan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, NCI, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, NCI, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medicine Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medicine Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Yong-Bing Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes and Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Tu Y, Zhu S, Wang J, Burstein E, Jia D. Natural compounds in the chemoprevention of alcoholic liver disease. Phytother Res 2019; 33:2192-2212. [PMID: 31264302 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD), caused by excessive consumption of alcohol, is a major cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. Much effort has been expended to explore the pathogenesis of ALD. Hepatic cell injury, oxidative stress, inflammation, regeneration, and bacterial translocation are all involved in the pathogenesis of ALD. Immediate abstinence is the most important therapeutic treatment for affected individuals. However, the medical treatment for ALD had not advanced in a long period. Intriguingly, an increasing body of research indicates the potential of natural compounds in the targeted therapy of ALD. A plethora of dietary natural products such as flavonoids, resveratrol, saponins, and β-carotene are found to exert protective effects on ALD. This occurs through various mechanisms composed of antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, iron chelation, pro-apoptosis, and/or antiproliferation of hepatic stellate cells and hepatocellular carcinoma cells. In this review, we will summarize current knowledge about the pathogenesis and treatments of ALD and focus on the potential of natural compounds in ALD therapies and underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfeng Tu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Paediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shu Zhu
- Chinese Academy of Science and Technology for Development, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Foresight and Evaluation Research, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Paediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ezra Burstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Da Jia
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Paediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Xia Y, Liu X, Liu B, Zhang X, Tian G. Enhanced antitumor activity of combined megestrol acetate and arsenic trioxide treatment in liver cancer cells. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:4047-4055. [PMID: 29581752 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.5905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is an aggressive malignancy with a very high fatality rate. Although megestrol acetate (MA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO) have shown an antitumor effect in liver cancer cells, the therapeutic benefits of MA or ATO alone in patients with liver cancer were limited. The aim of the present study was to elucidate whether the co-treatment of MA/ATO could enhance antitumor efficacy in liver cancer cell lines (Hep G2 and BEL 7402) and explore the underlying anti-cancer mechanisms. The cell viability, apoptotic response and expression levels of associated proteins were detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, flow cytometry and western blotting, respectively. An xenograft model in nude mice bearing a Hep G2 tumor was used to estimate tumor growth in vivo. Co-treatment with MA/ATO markedly improved the inhibition of cell viability, enhanced apoptosis, and increased the phosphorylation of p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1/2 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 on liver cancer cell lines. Furthermore, the tumor growth in the murine Hep G2 cancer xenograft model was significantly inhibited by combined treatment with MA/ATO. The results indicated that MA/ATO combined treatment enhanced antitumor efficacy and possessed potential application for treating liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xia
- Department of Biotherapy Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, P.R. China
| | - Xianhao Liu
- Department of Oncology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, P.R. China
| | - Beibei Liu
- Department of Oncology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoshi Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Geng Tian
- Department of Oncology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, P.R. China
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Kuo YJ, Liu YJ, Way TD, Chiang SY, Lin JG, Chung JG. Synergistic inhibition of leukemia WEHI-3 cell growth by arsenic trioxide and Hedyotis diffusa Willd extract in vitro and in vivo. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:3388-3396. [PMID: 28587418 PMCID: PMC5450767 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide (ATO) is clinically used to treat acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL); however, the therapeutic dose of ATO may prompt critical cardiac side effects. Combination therapy may be used to improve the therapeutic efficiency. To evaluate this possibility, the present study determined the combined effects of Hedyotis diffusa Willd (HDW) extract and ATO in leukemic WEHI-3 cells. The results demonstrated that co-treatment of HDW with ATO resulted in a synergistic augmentation of cytotoxicity in cells at the concentration tested. In order to investigate the potential therapeutic application for leukemia, the combined effects of HDW and ATO were analyzed on the WEHI-3 cell-induced orthotopic leukemia animal model in vivo. The WEHI-3 cells in mice with leukemia were established by injecting murine WEHI-3 cells into BALB/c mice, and treating them with HDW and/or combined with ATO. The results indicated that HDW alone or HDW combined with ATO promoted the total survival rate of mice with leukemia, and these effects are dose-dependent. HDW alone or HDW combined with ATO did not affect the body weight, decreased the spleen weight and did not affect the liver weight. Furthermore, the results demonstrated that HDW alone or HDW combined with ATO resulted in a synergistic augmentation of apoptosis in WEHI-3 cells at the concentration tested. In order to further reveal the detailed mechanism of this synergistic effect on apoptosis, apoptosis-related proteins were also evaluated. The data revealed that HDW alone or HDW combined with ATO induced the expression of death receptor 4 (DR4) and DR5 and the activation of poly adenosine diphosphate ribose polymerase, caspase-3, -8 and -9. Furthermore, HDW alone or HDW combined with ATO decreased the expression levels of B-cell lymphoma 2, B-cell lymphoma-extra large and survivin, and increased the expression levels of Bak and t-Bid. Altogether, the results indicate that the combination of HDW with ATO may be a promising strategy used to increase the clinical efficacy of ATO in the treatment of APL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jui Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tainan Municipal Hospital, Tainan 70173, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yan-Jin Liu
- Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tzong-Der Way
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Su-Yin Chiang
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jaung-Geng Lin
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Shen L, Zhang G, Lou Z, Xu G, Zhang G. Cryptotanshinone enhances the effect of Arsenic trioxide in treating liver cancer cell by inducing apoptosis through downregulating phosphorylated- STAT3 in vitro and in vivo. Altern Ther Health Med 2017; 17:106. [PMID: 28187727 PMCID: PMC5303285 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1548-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Arsenic trioxide (ATO) is approved for treating terminal-stage liver cancer in China. Cryptotanshinone (CT), a STAT3 inhibitor, has exhibited certain anti-tumor potency; however, the use of CT enhanced ATO for treating liver cancer has not been reported. Here we try to elucidate how CT could enhance the efficacy of ATO for treating liver cancer and its correlation to STAT3 in vitro and in vivo. Methods Cell viability of ATO combined with CT was assessed by 1MTT assay. Cell apoptosis induced by ATO combined with CT was detected by Annexin V/PI staining and apoptosis-related proteins were detected by western blotting. STAT3-related proteins were analysis by western blotting analysis and Immunofluorescence assays. Efficacy evaluation of ATO combined with CT on xenograft was carried in nude mice and related proteins were analysis by Immunohistochemistry assays. Results First we evaluated cell vitality, and our data indicated that the ATO combined with CT showed obvious growth inhibition of Bel-7404 cells compared to ATO or CT alone. Next we found that ATO combined with CT induced cell apoptosis in Bel-7404 cells and upregulated the activation of apoptosis-related proteins cleaved-caspase-3, cleaved-caspase-9, and cleaved-poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase in a time-dependent manner. Next, we found that ATO combined with CT not only inhibited the constitutive levels of phosphorylated-JAK2 and phosphorylated-STAT3Tyr705 but did so in a time-dependent manner. We also found that ATO combined with CT reversed the upregulated expression of phosphorylated-STAT3Tyr705 stimulated by interleukin-6 and downregulated STAT3 direct target genes and the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2, XIAP, and survivin but obviously upregulated the promoting apoptosis proteins Bak,.In vivo studies showed that ATO combined with CT decreased tumor growth. Tumors from ATO combined with CT–treated mice showed decreased levels of phosphorylated-STAT3Tyr705 and the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 but an increased level of pro-apoptotic protein Bax. Conclusions Our study provides strong evidence that CT could enhance the efficacy of ATO in treating liver cancer both in vitro and in vivo. Downregulation of phosphorylated-STAT3 expression may play an important role in inducing apoptosis of Bel-7404 cells.
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Arsenic trioxide is an immune adjuvant in liver cancer treatment. Mol Immunol 2017; 81:118-126. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Hassani S, Yaghoubi H, Khosrokhavar R, Jafarian I, Mashayekhi V, Hosseini MJ, Shahraki J. Mechanistic view for toxic effects of arsenic on isolated rat kidney and brain mitochondria. Biologia (Bratisl) 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/biolog-2015-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Novel Investigations of Flavonoids as Chemopreventive Agents for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:840542. [PMID: 26858957 PMCID: PMC4695650 DOI: 10.1155/2015/840542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We would like to highlight the application of natural products to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We will focus on the natural products known as flavonoids, which target this disease at different stages of hepatocarcinogenesis. In spite of the use of chemotherapy and radiotherapy in treating HCC, patients with HCC still face poor prognosis because of the nature of multidrug resistance and toxicity derived from chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Flavonoids can be found in many vegetables, fruits, and herbal medicines that exert their different anticancer effects via different intracellular signaling pathways and serve as antioxidants. In this review, we will discuss seven common flavonoids that exert different biological effects against HCC via different pathways.
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Kojima-Yuasa A, Huang X, Matsui-Yuasa I. Synergistic Anticancer Activities of Natural Substances in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Diseases 2015; 3:260-281. [PMID: 28943624 PMCID: PMC5548258 DOI: 10.3390/diseases3040260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is highly resistant to currently available chemotherapeutic agents. The clinical outcome of HCC treatment remains unsatisfactory. Therefore, new effective and well-tolerated therapy strategies are needed. Natural products are excellent sources for the development of new medications for disease treatment. Recently, we and other researchers have suggested that the combined effect of natural products may improve the effect of chemotherapy treatments against the proliferation of cancer cells. In addition, many combination treatments with natural products augmented intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this review we will demonstrate the synergistic anticancer effects of a combination of natural products with chemotherapeutic agents or natural products against human HCC and provide new insight into the development of novel combination therapies against HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Kojima-Yuasa
- Department of Food and Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan.
| | - Xuedan Huang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirogane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan.
| | - Isao Matsui-Yuasa
- Department of Food and Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan.
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14
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Zhai B, Hu F, Yan H, Zhao D, Jin X, Fang T, Pan S, Sun X, Xu L. Bufalin Reverses Resistance to Sorafenib by Inhibiting Akt Activation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: The Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138485. [PMID: 26381511 PMCID: PMC4575108 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sorafenib is the standard first-line therapeutic treatment for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but its use is hampered by the development of drug resistance. The activation of Akt by sorafenib is thought to be responsible for this resistance. Bufalin is the major active ingredient of the traditional Chinese medicine Chan su, which inhibits Akt activation; therefore, Chan su is currently used in the clinic to treat cancer. The present study aimed to investigate the ability of bufalin to reverse both inherent and acquired resistance to sorafenib. Bufalin synergized with sorafenib to inhibit tumor cell proliferation and induce apoptosis. This effect was at least partially due to the ability of bufalin to inhibit Akt activation by sorafenib. Moreover, the ability of bufalin to inactivate Akt depended on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress mediated by inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1). Silencing IRE1 with siRNA blocked the bufalin-induced Akt inactivation, but silencing eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2) or C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP) did not have the same effect. Additionally, silencing Akt did not influence IRE1, CHOP or phosphorylated eIF2α expression. Two sorafenib-resistant HCC cell lines, which were established from human HCC HepG2 and Huh7 cells, were refractory to sorafenib-induced growth inhibition but were sensitive to bufalin. Thus, Bufalin reversed acquired resistance to sorafenib by downregulating phosphorylated Akt in an ER-stress-dependent manner via the IRE1 pathway. These findings warrant further studies to examine the utility of bufalin alone or in combination with sorafenib as a first- or second-line treatment after sorafenib failure for advanced HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhai
- Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Fengli Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Haijiang Yan
- Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Dali Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Taishi Fang
- Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shangha Pan
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xueying Sun
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lishan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- * E-mail:
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15
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Zhai B, Jiang X, He C, Zhao D, Ma L, Xu L, Jiang H, Sun X. Arsenic trioxide potentiates the anti-cancer activities of sorafenib against hepatocellular carcinoma by inhibiting Akt activation. Tumour Biol 2014; 36:2323-34. [PMID: 25416439 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2839-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sorafenib is the standard first-line systemic drug for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but it also induces the activation of Akt, which contributes to the mechanisms for the resistance to sorafenib. Arsenic trioxide (ATO) is a currently clinically used anticancer drug and displays its anticancer activities by inhibiting Akt activation. Therefore, we hypothesized that ATO may potentiate the anti-cancer activities of sorafenib against HCC. The results have demonstrated that ATO synergized with sorafenib to inhibit the proliferation and promote the apoptosis of HCC cells by diminishing the increased activation of Akt by sorafenib. ATO was shown to inhibit the expression or activation of Akt downstream factors, including glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K), and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4EBP1), which regulate cell apoptosis and were upregulated or activated by sorafenib. Both sorafenib and ATO downregulated the expression of cyclin D1, resulting in HCC cells arrested at G0/G1 phase. ATO downregulated the expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL and upregulated the expression of Bax, indicating that ATO could induce the apoptosis of HCC cells through the intrinsic pathways; but sorafenib showed little effects on these proteins of Bcl-2 family. ATO synergized with sorafenib to suppress the growth of HCC tumors established in mice by inhibiting the proliferation and inducing the apoptosis of HCC cells in situ. These results indicate that ATO may be a potential agent that given in combination with sorafenib acts synergistically for treating HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhai
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
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16
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Zhao ZX, Chi DP, Wang YS, Mei QB, Yu HT, Yue LL, Wang Y, Wang XH, Liu D. Genistein and 5-FU inhibit apoptosis of human hepatocellular cancer cells by regulating Bax via p42/44 MAPK pathway. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2014; 22:2003-2007. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v22.i14.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To explore whether genistein and 5-FU induce apoptosis of human hepatic cancer MHCC97-L cells by regulating Bax via the p42/44 MAPK pathway.
METHODS: MHCC97-L cells were treated with genistein, 5-FU, PD98059, genistein + 5-FU, PD98059 + genistein, PD98059 + 5-FU, or PD98059 + genistein + 5-FU, respectively. The density and morphology of MHCC97-L cells were observed under an inverted microscope. Apoptosis and cell death were detected after annexin V-FITC/PI staining under a fluorescence microscope. The expression of Bax protein was detected by Western blot.
RESULTS: All drug groups showed decreased cell density, cell death and debris, cell shrinkage or deformation, reduced cytoplasmic transparency, and vacuoles structure within the cells, with PD98059 + genistein + 5-FU group having the most obvious changes. Apoptotic cells and dead cells were detected in all drug groups. The relative expression of Bax protein was the highest in the genistein + 5-FU group, followed by the genistein, 5-FU, PD98059 + genistein + 5-FU, PD98059 + 5-FU, PD98059 + genistein, PD98059 and control groups. The expression of Bax protein in the PD98059 + genistein group was very close to that in the PD98059 group, but was significantly lower than that in the genistein group.
CONCLUSION: Genistein and 5-FU can induce the apoptosis of MHCC97-L cells and increase Bax expression possibly by regulating Bax mainly through the p42/44 MAPK pathway.
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17
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Additivity, antagonism, and synergy in arsenic trioxide-induced growth inhibition of C6 glioma cells: effects of genistein, quercetin and buthionine-sulfoximine. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 67:212-21. [PMID: 24632069 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide (ATO) induces clinical remission in acute promyelocytic leukemia and growth inhibition in various cancer cell lines in vitro. Recently, genistein and quercetin were reported to potentiate ATO-provoked apoptosis in leukemia and hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Genistein acted via enhanced ROS generation and quercetin via glutathione depletion. Searching for potential strategies for the treatment of malignant gliomas in this study the capacity of these flavonoids to sensitize rat C6 astroglioma cells for the cytotoxic action of ATO was investigated. ATO inhibited cell growth in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. This effect was accompanied neither by enhanced radical generation nor lipid peroxidation and was not attributed to apoptosis. ATO treatment concentration-dependently increased glutathione levels. Genistein enhanced radical generation. Combined with ATO it inhibited cell growth additively. Additivity was also obtained after cotreatment with ATO and H2O2. Quercetin acted antagonistically on ATO-induced growth inhibition. Quercetin increased glutathione levels. In contrast, buthionine-sulfoximine (BSO) depleted cellular glutathione and acted synergistically with ATO. In conclusion, in C6 cells neither genistein nor quercetin are suited as sensitizing agent, in contrast to BSO. Depletion of cellular glutathione content rather than an increase of ROS generation plays a central role in the enhancement of ATO-toxicity in C6 cells.
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18
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XU DONGSHENG, MA YONG, ZHAO BAOLEI, LI SHUAI, ZHANG YU, PAN SHANGHA, WU YAOHUA, WANG JIZHOU, WANG DAWEI, PAN HUAYANG, LIU LIANXIN, JIANG HONGCHI. Thymoquinone induces G2/M arrest, inactivates PI3K/Akt and nuclear factor-κB pathways in human cholangiocarcinomas both in vitro and in vivo. Oncol Rep 2014; 31:2063-70. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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19
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High concentrations of genistein exhibit pro-oxidant effects in primary muscle cells through mechanisms involving 5-lipoxygenase-mediated production of reactive oxygen species. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 67:72-9. [PMID: 24525097 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Genistein, a typical soy isoflavone, is an important antioxidant for improving human health and animal production but the compound possesses some pro-oxidant potential. In order to explore the latter, the dose-response relationship of various concentrations of genistein on both cellular proliferation and the redox system were examined. The proliferation of primary muscle cells was promoted by a low concentration of genistein but was inhibited by high concentrations, which also enhanced lipid oxidation and suppressed membrane fluidity. By selecting a high concentration (200 μM) as a pro-oxidant treatment, the mechanism underlying the pro-oxidant function of genistein was then explored. The generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was stimulated by 200 μM genistein, with inhibited expression of NADPH oxidase 4 and cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 as well as increased activity of the glutathione redox system. The cellular expression of 5-lipoxygenase, however, was up-regulated by 200 μM genistein and the addition of 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor (Zileuton) decreased genistein-induced intracellular ROS level, close to that from the addition of the ROS scavenger, N-acetylcysteine. It is concluded that higher concentrations of genistein exert pro-oxidant potential in the primary muscle cells through enhancing ROS production in a 5-lipoxygenase-dependent manner.
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20
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Dai W, Wang F, He L, Lin C, Wu S, Chen P, Zhang Y, Shen M, Wu D, Wang C, Lu J, Zhou Y, Xu X, Xu L, Guo C. Genistein inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma cell migration by reversing the epithelial-mesenchymal transition: Partial mediation by the transcription factor NFAT1. Mol Carcinog 2013; 54:301-11. [PMID: 24243709 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Weiqi Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology; Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital; Tongji University; School of Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology; Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital; Tongji University; School of Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Lei He
- Department of Gastroenterology; Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital; Tongji University; School of Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Chunlei Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology; Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital; Tongji University; School of Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Shumei Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology; Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital; Tongji University; School of Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology; Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital; Tongji University; School of Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology; Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital; Tongji University; School of Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Miao Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology; Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital; Tongji University; School of Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Dong Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology; Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital; Tongji University; School of Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Chengfen Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology; Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital; Tongji University; School of Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology; Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital; Tongji University; School of Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Yingqun Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology; Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital; Tongji University; School of Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Xuanfu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology; Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital; Tongji University; School of Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Ling Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology; Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital; Tongji University; School of Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Chuanyong Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology; Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital; Tongji University; School of Medicine; Shanghai China
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21
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Zhang ZR, Al Zaharna M, Wong MMK, Chiu SK, Cheung HY. Taxifolin enhances andrographolide-induced mitotic arrest and apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells via spindle assembly checkpoint activation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54577. [PMID: 23382917 PMCID: PMC3557238 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Andrographolide (Andro) suppresses proliferation and triggers apoptosis in many types of cancer cells. Taxifolin (Taxi) has been proposed to prevent cancer development similar to other dietary flavonoids. In the present study, the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of the addition of Andro alone and Andro and Taxi together on human prostate carcinoma DU145 cells were assessed. Andro inhibited prostate cancer cell proliferation by mitotic arrest and activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Although the effect of Taxi alone on DU145 cell proliferation was not significant, the combined use of Taxi with Andro significantly potentiated the anti-proliferative effect of increased mitotic arrest and apoptosis by enhancing the cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, and caspases-7 and -9. Andro together with Taxi enhanced microtubule polymerization in vitro, and they induced the formation of twisted and elongated spindles in the cancer cells, thus leading to mitotic arrest. In addition, we showed that depletion of MAD2, a component in the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), alleviated the mitotic block induced by the two compounds, suggesting that they trigger mitotic arrest by SAC activation. This study suggests that the anti-cancer activity of Andro can be significantly enhanced in combination with Taxi by disrupting microtubule dynamics and activating the SAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Rong Zhang
- Research Group for Bioactive Products, Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mazen Al Zaharna
- Research Group for Bioactive Products, Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Matthew Man-Kin Wong
- Research Group for Bioactive Products, Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sung-Kay Chiu
- Research Group for Bioactive Products, Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hon-Yeung Cheung
- Research Group for Bioactive Products, Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- * E-mail:
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22
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Barrera G. Oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation products in cancer progression and therapy. ISRN ONCOLOGY 2012; 2012:137289. [PMID: 23119185 PMCID: PMC3483701 DOI: 10.5402/2012/137289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 541] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and an altered redox status are common biochemical aspects in cancer cells. ROS can react with the polyunsaturated fatty acids of lipid membranes and induce lipid peroxidation. The end products of lipid peroxidation, 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), have been considered to be a second messenger of oxidative stress.
Beyond ROS involvement in carcinogenesis, increased ROS level can inhibit tumor cell growth. Indeed, in tumors in advanced stages, a further increase of oxidative stress, such as that occurs when using several anticancer drugs and radiation therapy, can overcome the antioxidant defenses of cancer cells and drive them to apoptosis. High concentrations of HNE can also induce apoptosis in cancer cells. However, some cells escape the apoptosis induced by chemical or radiation therapy through the adaptation to intrinsic oxidative stress which confers drug resistance. This paper is focused on recent advances in the studies of the relation between oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation products, and cancer progression with particular attention to the pro-oxidant anticancer agents and the drug-resistant mechanisms, which could be modulated to obtain a better response to cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Barrera
- Department of Medicine and Experimental Oncology, University of Turin, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125 Torino, Italy
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23
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Jungwirth U, Kowol CR, Keppler BK, Hartinger CG, Berger W, Heffeter P. Anticancer activity of metal complexes: involvement of redox processes. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 15:1085-127. [PMID: 21275772 PMCID: PMC3371750 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 365] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cells require tight regulation of the intracellular redox balance and consequently of reactive oxygen species for proper redox signaling and maintenance of metal (e.g., of iron and copper) homeostasis. In several diseases, including cancer, this balance is disturbed. Therefore, anticancer drugs targeting the redox systems, for example, glutathione and thioredoxin, have entered focus of interest. Anticancer metal complexes (platinum, gold, arsenic, ruthenium, rhodium, copper, vanadium, cobalt, manganese, gadolinium, and molybdenum) have been shown to strongly interact with or even disturb cellular redox homeostasis. In this context, especially the hypothesis of "activation by reduction" as well as the "hard and soft acids and bases" theory with respect to coordination of metal ions to cellular ligands represent important concepts to understand the molecular modes of action of anticancer metal drugs. The aim of this review is to highlight specific interactions of metal-based anticancer drugs with the cellular redox homeostasis and to explain this behavior by considering chemical properties of the respective anticancer metal complexes currently either in (pre)clinical development or in daily clinical routine in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ute Jungwirth
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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24
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Abstract
Arsenic is a metalloid that is considered to be a paradox in terms of its role both as a carcinogen and as a therapeutic agent. Chronic exposure to arsenic in drinking water has been linked with the development of various pathological conditions including cancer. Nevertheless, the therapeutic potential of arsenic and its derivatives in a variety of diseases have been exploited in the past. However, its role and mechanism of action as a therapeutic agent still remain an active area of research and investigation. Our ongoing work also suggests varied responses in cancer cells exposed to lower versus higher concentrations of arsenic. Furthermore, the arsenic combinations with chemopreventive or anticancer agents have been observed to sensitize the cell for cell-cycle arrest and cell death. Here, we have provided the account of recent updates on the mechanism of action of arsenic and its derivatives that lead to various disorders, and its role as a therapeutic agent both as a single agent as well as in combination chemotherapy.
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