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Fancelli S, Caliman E, Mazzoni F, Brugia M, Castiglione F, Voltolini L, Pillozzi S, Antonuzzo L. Chasing the Target: New Phenomena of Resistance to Novel Selective RET Inhibitors in Lung Cancer. Updated Evidence and Future Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13051091. [PMID: 33806299 PMCID: PMC7961559 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary REarranged during Transfection (RET) is an emerging target for several types of cancer, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The recent U.S. FDA approval of pralsetinib and selpercatinib raises issues regarding the emergence of secondary mutations and amplifications involved in parallel signaling pathways and receptors, liable for resistance mechanisms. The aim of this review is to explore recent knowledge on RET resistance in NSCLC in pre-clinic and in clinical settings and accordingly, the state-of-the-art in new drugs or combination of drugs development. Abstract The potent, RET-selective tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) pralsetinib and selpercatinib, are effective against the RET V804L/M gatekeeper mutants, however, adaptive mutations that cause resistance at the solvent front RET G810 residue have been found, pointing to the need for the development of the next-generation of RET-specific TKIs. Also, as seen in EGFR- and ALK-driven NSCLC, the rising of the co-occurring amplifications of KRAS and MET could represent other escaping mechanisms from direct inhibition. In this review, we summarize actual knowledge on RET fusions, focusing on those involved in NSCLC, the results of main clinical trials of approved RET-inhibition drugs, with particular attention on recent published results of selective TKIs, and finally, pre-clinical evidence regarding resistance mechanisms and suggestion on hypothetical and feasible drugs combinations and strategies viable in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Fancelli
- Medical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy; (S.F.); (E.C.); (F.M.); (M.B.); (S.P.)
| | - Enrico Caliman
- Medical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy; (S.F.); (E.C.); (F.M.); (M.B.); (S.P.)
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy;
| | - Francesca Mazzoni
- Medical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy; (S.F.); (E.C.); (F.M.); (M.B.); (S.P.)
| | - Marco Brugia
- Medical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy; (S.F.); (E.C.); (F.M.); (M.B.); (S.P.)
| | - Francesca Castiglione
- Pathological Histology and Molecular Diagnostics Unit, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy;
| | - Luca Voltolini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy;
- Thoraco-Pulmonary Surgery Unit, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Serena Pillozzi
- Medical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy; (S.F.); (E.C.); (F.M.); (M.B.); (S.P.)
| | - Lorenzo Antonuzzo
- Medical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy; (S.F.); (E.C.); (F.M.); (M.B.); (S.P.)
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-055-7948406
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2
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Bhoj VG, Li L, Parvathaneni K, Zhang Z, Kacir S, Arhontoulis D, Zhou K, McGettigan-Croce B, Nunez-Cruz S, Gulendran G, Boesteanu AC, Johnson L, Feldman MD, Radaelli E, Mansfield K, Nasrallah M, Goydel RS, Peng H, Rader C, Milone MC, Siegel DL. Adoptive T cell immunotherapy for medullary thyroid carcinoma targeting GDNF family receptor alpha 4. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2021; 20:387-398. [PMID: 33614919 PMCID: PMC7879023 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2021.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is a rare but often aggressive thyroid malignancy with a 5-year survival rate of less than 40% and few effective therapeutic options. Adoptive T cell immunotherapy using chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T cells (CAR Ts) is showing encouraging results in the treatment of cancer, but development is challenged by the availability of suitable target antigens. We identified glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family receptor alpha 4 (GFRα4) as a putative antigen target for CAR-based therapy of MTC. We show that GFRα4 is highly expressed in MTC, in parafollicular cells within the thyroid from which MTC originates, and in normal thymus. We isolated two single-chain variable fragments (scFvs) targeting GFRα4 isoforms a and b by antibody phage display. CARs bearing the CD3ζ and the CD137 costimulatory domains were constructed using these GFRα4-specific scFvs. GFRα4-specific CAR Ts trigger antigen-dependent cytotoxicity and cytokine production in vitro, and they are able to eliminate tumors derived from the MTC TT cell line in an immunodeficient mouse xenograft model of MTC. These data demonstrate the feasibility of targeting GFRα4 by CAR T and support this antigen as a promising target for adoptive T cell immunotherapy and other antibody-based therapies for MTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay G Bhoj
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lucy Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kalpana Parvathaneni
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Stephen Kacir
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Dimitrios Arhontoulis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kenneth Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Bevin McGettigan-Croce
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Selene Nunez-Cruz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Gayathri Gulendran
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alina C Boesteanu
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Laura Johnson
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael D Feldman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Enrico Radaelli
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Keith Mansfield
- Discovery and Investigative Pathology, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - MacLean Nasrallah
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Rebecca S Goydel
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Haiyong Peng
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Christoph Rader
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Michael C Milone
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Don L Siegel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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3
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Kumasaka MY, Yajima I, Ohgami N, Ninomiya H, Iida M, Li X, Oshino R, Tanihata H, Yoshinaga M, Kato M. Manganese-Mediated Decrease in Levels of c-RET and Tyrosine Hydroxylase Expression In Vitro. Neurotox Res 2017; 32:661-670. [PMID: 28730349 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-017-9783-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies showed that overexposure to manganese causes parkinsonism, a disorder of dopaminergic neurons. Previous studies also showed that activity of c-RET kinase controls dopamine production through regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression, suggesting the involvement of c-RET in the development of parkinsonism. To our knowledge, however, there is no report showing a correlation between manganese-mediated parkinsonism and c-RET. In this study, we examined the effect of manganese on the expression and/or activation levels of c-RET and TH in human TH-expressing cells (TGW cells). We first found that treatment with 30 and 100 μM manganese resulted in reduction of c-RET transcript level and degradation of c-RET protein through promotion of ubiquitination. We then examined the biological significance of manganese-mediated decrease of c-RET protein expression. Decreased TH expression with decreased c-RET kinase activity was observed in c-RET protein-depleted TGW cells by treatment with manganese (30 μM) as well as by c-RET siRNA transfection. Since TH protein has been shown to be involved in the dopamine-producing pathway in previous studies, our results indicate the possibility that manganese-mediated reduction of TH expression and phosphorylation via decreased expression of c-RET protein in neural cells is involved in parkinsonism induced by manganese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuko Y Kumasaka
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan.,Unit of Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai-shi, Aichi, 487-8501, Japan.,Voluntary Body for International Health Care in Universities, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Ichiro Yajima
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan.,Unit of Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai-shi, Aichi, 487-8501, Japan.,Voluntary Body for International Health Care in Universities, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Ohgami
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan.,Unit of Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai-shi, Aichi, 487-8501, Japan.,Voluntary Body for International Health Care in Universities, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Ninomiya
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan.,Voluntary Body for International Health Care in Universities, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Machiko Iida
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan.,Unit of Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai-shi, Aichi, 487-8501, Japan.,Voluntary Body for International Health Care in Universities, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Reina Oshino
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan.,Voluntary Body for International Health Care in Universities, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hiroko Tanihata
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masafumi Yoshinaga
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan.,Voluntary Body for International Health Care in Universities, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masashi Kato
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan. .,Unit of Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai-shi, Aichi, 487-8501, Japan. .,Voluntary Body for International Health Care in Universities, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan.
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Kumarasamy VM, Sun D. Demonstration of a potent RET transcriptional inhibitor for the treatment of medullary thyroid carcinoma based on an ellipticine derivative. Int J Oncol 2017; 51:145-157. [PMID: 28498409 PMCID: PMC5467785 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.3994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Dominant-activating mutations in the RET (rearranged during transfection) proto-oncogene, which encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase, is often associated with the development of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). The proximal promoter region of the RET gene consists of a guanine-rich sequence containing five runs of three consecutive guanine residues that serve as the binding site for transcriptional factors. As we have recently shown, this stretch of nucleotides in the promoter region is highly dynamic in nature and tend to form non-B DNA secondary structures called G-quadruplexes, which suppress the transcription of the RET gene. In the present study, ellipticine and its derivatives were identified as excellent RET G-quadruplex stabilizing agents. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopic studies revealed that the incorporation of a piperidine ring in an ellipticine derivative, NSC311153 improves its binding with the G-quadruplex structure and the stability induced by this compound is more potent than ellipticine. Furthermore, this compound also interfered with the transcriptional mechanism of the RET gene in an MTC derived cell line, TT cells and significantly decreased the endogenous RET protein expression. We demonstrated the specificity of NSC311153 by using papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) cells, the TPC1 cell line which lacks the G-quadruplex forming sequence in the promoter region due to chromosomal rearrangement. The RET downregulation selectively suppresses cell proliferation by inhibiting the intracellular Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways in the TT cells. In the present study, we also showed that the systemic administration of a water soluble NSC311153 analog in a mouse MTC xenograft model inhibited the tumor growth through RET downregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daekyu Sun
- College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
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5
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Downregulation of ABCE1 via siRNA affects the sensitivity of A549 cells against chemotherapeutic agents. Med Oncol 2015; 32:103. [PMID: 25744244 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-015-0557-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette E1 (ABCE1) is involved in several biological functions in cancer cells such as tumor proliferation, antiapoptotic pathway and chemoresistance mechanism. This work aimed to investigate the alterations in chemosensitivity of A549 lung cancer cells for 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) and irinotecan by silencing ABCE1 using specific small interfering RNAs (siRNA). The cells were treated with low doses of drugs, alone and also their combinations with ABCE1 siRNA. Cytotoxicity, cell proliferation and apoptosis/necrosis evaluations were performed in order to examine the effects of the combined treatment. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to confirm the downregulation of ABCE1. We also investigated the levels of B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) after the treatments by RT-PCR. Downregulation of ABCE1 improved the anticancer effects of 5-FU in inducing cell viability/proliferation inhibition and apoptosis/necrosis, whereas interestingly, almost did not change or slightly reduced the anticancer effects of irinotecan. ABCE1 expression significantly decreased by transfecting the cells with ABCE1 siRNA. Moreover, Bcl-2 and mTOR levels changed after the single or combined therapy in parallel with the apoptotic and antiproliferation effect. In conclusion, the simultaneous treatment of lung cancer cells with ABCE1 siRNA and 5-FU exhibited synergistic or additive effects; however, ABCE1 siRNA and irinotecan had unexpected antagonistic effects. Our findings demonstrate that the strategy of downregulation of ABCE1 may be included in conventional 5-FU chemotherapy for lung cancer, minimizing the usage of 5-FU at high dosages.
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Lopergolo A, Nicolini V, Favini E, Dal Bo L, Tortoreto M, Cominetti D, Folini M, Perego P, Castiglioni V, Scanziani E, Borrello MG, Zaffaroni N, Cassinelli G, Lanzi C. Synergistic cooperation between sunitinib and cisplatin promotes apoptotic cell death in human medullary thyroid cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:498-509. [PMID: 24276455 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-2574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Tyrosine kinase inhibitors represent a new treatment option for patients with advanced medullary thyroid cancer (MTC). However, cures have not been achieved with current available agents used in monotherapy. OBJECTIVE Because RET has been shown to negatively regulate CD95 death receptor activation in preclinical models of RET-dependent MTC, we investigated the potential of the combination approach with the RET-targeting tyrosine kinase inhibitor sunitinib and cisplatin to enhance apoptosis activation through the extrinsic pathway. DESIGN The effects of sunitinib and cisplatin were examined in human MTC cell lines harboring oncogenic RET mutations. Experiments were designed to determine drug effects on RET signaling, cell growth, apoptosis, autophagy, and tumor growth in mice and to investigate the mechanisms of the drug interaction. RESULTS Sunitinib and cisplatin synergistically inhibited the growth of MZ-CRC-1 cells harboring the RET M918T activating mutation. The combination enhanced apoptosis activation through CD95-mediated, caspase-8-dependent pathway. Moreover, sunitinib induced a severe perturbation of the autophagic flux characterized by autophagosome accumulation and a remarkable lysosomal dysfunction, which was further enhanced, with lysosomal leakage induction, by cisplatin. Administration of the drug combination to mice xenografted with MZ-CRC-1 cells improved the antitumor efficacy, as compared with single-agent treatments, inducing complete responses in 30% of the treated mice, a significant increase in caspase-3 activation (P < .01 vs cisplatin, and P < .0005 vs sunitinib) and apoptosis in tumor cells. CONCLUSIONS Addition of cisplatin to sunitinib potentiates apoptotic cell death and has promising preclinical activity in MTCs harboring the RET M918T oncogene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Lopergolo
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit (A.L., V.N., E.F., L.D.B., M.T., D.C., M.F., P.P., N.Z., G.C., C.L.) and Molecular Mechanisms Unit (M.G.B.), Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy; Department of Veterinary Sciences and Public Health (V.C., E.S.), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; and Mouse and Animal Pathology Laboratory (V.C., E.S.), Fondazione Filarete, 20139 Milan, Italy
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7
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Ali HM, Urbinati G, Raouane M, Massaad-Massade L. Significance and applications of nanoparticles in siRNA delivery for cancer therapy. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2014; 5:403-12. [PMID: 22943120 DOI: 10.1586/ecp.12.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Muhammad Ali
- UMR CNRS 8203, Institut Gustave Roussy, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France
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8
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Iwase Y, Maitani Y. Dual functional octreotide-modified liposomal irinotecan leads to high therapeutic efficacy for medullary thyroid carcinoma xenografts. Cancer Sci 2011; 103:310-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2011.02128.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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9
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Interplay between Ret and Fap-1 regulates CD95-mediated apoptosis in medullary thyroid cancer cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2011; 82:778-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Revised: 05/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Gild ML, Bullock M, Robinson BG, Clifton-Bligh R. Multikinase inhibitors: a new option for the treatment of thyroid cancer. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2011; 7:617-24. [PMID: 21862995 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2011.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer typically has a good outcome following standard treatments, which include surgery, radioactive iodine ablation and treatment with TSH-suppressive levothyroxine. Thyroid cancers that persist or recur following these therapies have a poorer prognosis. Activation of mitogenic and angiogenic signaling pathways occurs in these cancers, and preclinical models have shown that inhibition of key kinase steps in these pathways can have antitumoral effects. Several of these kinase inhibitors have now been tested in phase II and phase III trials, with modestly encouraging results. Some promising data exist for the use of vandetanib (also known as ZD6474), motesanib, axitinib, cabozantinib (also known as XL184), sorafenib, sunitinib, pazopanib and lenvatinib (also known as E7080) in progressive thyroid cancer of medullary, papillary and follicular subtypes. These drugs are generally well-tolerated, although dose-limiting toxicities are common, and a few (probable) treatment-related deaths have been reported. Additional phase III trials will be needed to conclusively show that treatment benefit exceeds risk. Drug resistance can occur via activation of alternate mitogenic signals (pathway switching), as has been reported for the use of kinase inhibitors in other malignancies, such as melanoma. The hypothesis that combinations of kinase inhibitors targeting different pathways might produce better results is currently being tested in several clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matti L Gild
- Cancer Genetics Unit, Hormones and Cancer Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
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11
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Pharmacophore modeling and virtual screening to identify potential RET kinase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:4490-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Revised: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Samadi AK, Mukerji R, Shah A, Timmermann BN, Cohen MS. A novel RET inhibitor with potent efficacy against medullary thyroid cancer in vivo. Surgery 2011; 148:1228-36; discussion 1236. [PMID: 21134556 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2010.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2010] [Accepted: 09/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most medullary thyroid carcinomas (MTC) recur or progress despite curative resection. Current targeted therapies show promise but lack durable efficacy and tolerability. The purpose of this study was to build on previous in vitro work and evaluate withaferin A (WA), a novel RET inhibitor, in a metastatic murine model of MTC. METHODS A total of 5 million DRO-81-1 human MTC cells injected in the left posterior neck of nu/nu mice generated metastases uniformly to the liver, spleen, and/or lungs. Treatment with WA (8 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneally, for 21 days) was started for neoplasms > 100 mm(3). Endpoints were survival, neoplasm > 15,00 mm(3), decreased body weight, or body score (all measured three times/wk). RESULTS All controls (saline; n = 5) died or deteriorated from metastatic disease by 7 weeks postinjection. All treated animals were alive (WA; n = 5), having tumor regression and growth delay without toxicity or weight loss at 6 weeks posttreatment (P < .01). Tumor cells treated with WA demonstrated inhibition of total and phospho-RET levels by Western blot analysis in a dose-dependent manner (almost complete inhibition with treatment of 5 μM WA) as well as potent inhibition of phospho-ERK and phospho-Akt levels. CONCLUSION WA is a novel natural-product RET-inhibitor with efficacy in a metastatic murine model of MTC. Further long-term efficacy/toxicity studies are warranted to evaluate this compound for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas K Samadi
- Department of Surgery, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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13
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Iwase Y, Maitani Y. Octreotide-Targeted Liposomes Loaded with CPT-11 Enhanced Cytotoxicity for the Treatment of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma. Mol Pharm 2010; 8:330-7. [DOI: 10.1021/mp100380y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Iwase
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Ebara 2-4-41, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshie Maitani
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Ebara 2-4-41, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
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